OUTOFPAPUA database: Lexicons of the West Papuan language area

particle. ‘particle marking the end of a phrase’ (eng)

v. ‘chew’ (eng)

v. ‘sing’ (eng)

v. ‘receive’ (eng)

v. tr., intr. ‘swallow’ (eng)

v. ‘eat betel, chew tobacco’ (eng)

v. ‘steer (re. dug-out canoe)ɛ’ (eng)

v. ‘speak in one’s sleep’ (eng)

v. refl. ‘wash one’s face’ (eng); ‘pasa muka’ (ind)

v. intr. ‘wise, intelligent’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘suck (e.g. candy, areca chew)’ (eng)

v. ‘rinse one’s mouth out (to take in water, swish around, spit out)’ (eng)

v. ‘drink’ (eng)

1. v. ‘smoke’ (eng)

2. v. ‘inhale’ (eng)

1. v. ‘suck’ (eng)

2. v. ‘kiss’ (eng)

v. ‘drink’ (eng)

v. ‘eat (when used in a general sense, usually in combination with pɔ³n)’ (eng)

attr. ‘customs’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘bite’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘take’ (eng)

v. ‘row’ (eng)

v. ‘pee’ (eng)

v. ‘shoot (using bow and arrow)’ (eng)

1. prep. ‘with’ (eng)

2. prep. ‘with (instrumental)’ (eng)

3. prep. ‘at (marker of time)’ (eng)

4. prep. ‘derives adverbial’ (eng)

v. ‘careful’ (eng)

pron. ‘all’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘learn (school context)’ (eng)

attr. ‘full, round’ (eng)

n. ‘full moon’ (eng)

adv. ‘landward’ (eng)

adv. ‘a great extent’ (eng)

attr. ‘big’ (eng)

adv. ‘seaward’ (eng)

n. ‘ring’ (eng)

adv. ‘clockwise orientation (absolute reference)’ (eng)

v. ‘naked’ (eng)

v. ‘speak’ (eng)

v. ‘dance’ (eng)

particle. ‘urge’ (eng)

n. ‘Misol’ (eng)

n. ‘Misol’ (eng)

pron. ‘all’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘steal’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘run’ (eng)

v. ‘expert at’ (eng)

1. v. tr. ‘stroll’ (eng); ‘pasiar [local Malay]’ (pmy)

2. v. tr. ‘hang out, play’ (eng)

3. n. ‘game, play’ (eng)

adv. ‘counterclockwise orientation’ (eng)

n. ‘Brown Dorcopsis’ (eng)

v. ‘flow (re. water – probably from ba⁴¹ ‘to blow’)’ (eng)

n. ‘shoulder’ (eng)

n. ‘area of shadow, place offering protection from the sun’ (eng)

n. ‘door’ (eng)

n. ‘male bud (of banana tree)’ (eng)

n. ‘shaft’ (eng)

n. ‘great-grandfather, great-grandmother’ (eng)

n. ‘man-made water reservoir’ (eng)

n. ‘ball’ (eng)

v. ‘hit (with flat hand)’ (eng)

v. ‘wash (re. clothes, not dishes (ho¹w) or body (hi¹²p))’ (eng)

v. ‘lift up’ (eng)

1. n. ‘earth’ (eng)

2. n. ‘land’ (eng)

3. n. ‘floor’ (eng)

1. v. tr., intr. ‘leave behind’ (eng)

2. v. tr., intr. ‘remain’ (eng)

3. v. tr., intr. ‘left’ (eng)

n. ‘tobacco’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. mangrove tree’ (eng); ‘pohon manggimanggi mera’ (ind)

n. ‘oven to make sago biscuits (with about five rectangular holes (ga¹w); made of clay; is operated by heating over fire)’ (eng); ‘porno’ (ind)

attr. ‘blind’ (eng)

1. n. ‘dust’ (eng)

2. n. ‘smoke’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘carry on one’s back (e.g. a child or a baby) on one’s back (either holding the legs, or by means of a sarong)’ (eng)

n. ‘small bat’ (eng)

n. ‘father’ (eng)

n. ‘hit’ (eng)

v. ‘blow (re. wind)’ (eng)

1. v. tr., middle. ‘hit the mark’ (eng)

2. interj. ‘Correctǃ’ (eng)

1. v. tr. ‘break’ (eng)

2. v. tr. ‘break off’ (eng)

v. ‘travel by boat (following the waterside)’ (eng)

v. ‘pay’ (eng)

marker. ‘future tense marker’ (eng)

1. prep. ‘for’ (eng)

2. interrog. ‘why’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘give’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘flash’ (eng)

n. ‘plate’ (eng)

n. ‘gasoline’ (eng)

nprop. ‘name of bay on the New Guinea mainland to the east of Misol’ (eng)

nprop. ‘Biga’ (eng)

n. ‘butterfly’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘jump (horizontally)’ (eng)

v. ‘pinch with the fingers and thumb’ (eng)

attr. ‘sea’ (eng)

v. ‘stir (e.g. sago porridge, using itepo)’ (eng)

attr. ‘soft (re. nuts)’ (eng)

1. attr. ‘blue’ (eng)

2. attr. ‘green’ (eng)

attr. ‘fast’ (eng)

n. ‘fishing rod’ (eng)

n. ‘head hair’ (eng)

v. ‘defecate, poop’ (eng)

v. ‘urinate, pee’ (eng)

v. ‘go (generic – with whatever means of transport or on foot)’ (eng)

1. n. ‘bone’ (eng)

2. n. ‘central vein of leaf’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘meet’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘come up’ (eng)

n. ‘debt’ (eng)

n. ‘boat (in compound with wa³ŋ)’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘arrive at, reach’ (eng)

n. ‘bat (general term)’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. arrow’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘short of breath’ (eng)

attr. ‘white, light-coloured’ (eng)

n. ‘book’ (eng)

n. ‘cloth, sarong’ (eng)

n. ‘loincloth made of treebark’ (eng)

n. ‘plate’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. breadfruit tree’ (eng); ‘sukun’ (ind); ‘Artocarpus sp.’ (lat)

n. ‘mist of early morning’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘embrace, take hold of (somebody)’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. tree’ (eng); ‘kayu besi’ (ind)

attr. ‘stiff, cramped’ (eng)

n. ‘paint’ (eng)

n. ‘clovetree’ (eng); ‘Eugenia aromatica’ (lat)

n. ‘cocoa tree’ (eng); ‘Theobroma cacao’ (lat)

v. tr. ‘hack, cut’ (eng)

v. ‘pouring down (re. rain)’ (eng)

v. ‘close’ (eng)

v. ‘answer’ (eng)

n. ‘leaf’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘search’ (eng)

n. ‘garden (i e., place of agricultural cultivation)’ (eng)

n. ‘oil’ (eng)

attr. ‘nearby’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘wait’ (eng)

n. ‘kitchen’ (eng)

v. ‘draw (water – e.g. from well or deep container)’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘peck (at)’ (eng)

attr. ‘ripe (re. mango, banana)’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘dig up, turn over, prepare/process (sago)’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘chase, go after’ (eng)

particle. ‘also’ (eng)

conj. ‘and’ (eng)

quant. ‘every’ (eng)

n. ‘house, nest’ (eng)

n. ‘landing stage’ (eng)

prep. ‘with’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘divide’ (eng)

n. ‘thread’ (eng)

n. ‘friend’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘in pain’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘throw (towards)’ (eng)

v. ‘plant sago (involves digging a hole)’ (eng)

n. ‘top’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘ask for (something)’ (eng)

‘promise’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘ask about (something)’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘make a ‘ding’-like sound’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. big mat’ (eng); ‘kalipan’ (ind)

v. intr. ‘move (to change location of one’s home)’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘call (somebody)’ (eng); ‘panggil’ (ind)

v. ‘conjure up a spirit / spirits’ (eng)

v. ‘conjure up a spirit / spirits’ (eng)

v. ‘scrub, mop (e.g. floor, boat; ≠ hi¹²p)’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘sew (e.g. sansu³n, ta¹²f)’ (eng)

n. ‘build a separation (wall)’ (eng)

n. ‘dark’ (eng)

attr. ‘pitch-dark’ (eng)

n. ‘sound (specifically of machines that have a motor), noise (specifically of machines that have a motor)’ (eng)

num. ‘one’ (eng)

1. marker. ‘existential marker’ (eng)

2. marker. ‘possession marker’ (eng)

3. marker. ‘location marker, on, in, at’ (eng)

4. interrog. ‘where’ (eng)

5. interj. ‘expression of apology’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘pull (with force)’ (eng)

v. intr., refl., tr. ‘untie, undo, take off (re. clothes)’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘fall (re. rain)’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘boil (only with respect to water)’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘cough’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘fall (not re. rain)’ (eng)

v. ‘take out of (refers to taking out something that is stuck)’ (eng)

v. ‘sink (re. non-human), go under water (re. non-human)’ (eng)

adv. ‘long ago’ (eng)

n. ‘large plastic barrel (e.g. for storage of water)’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘frightened, to be scared, shocked’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘pour out’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘spit out’ (eng)

1. attr. ‘hard (antonym of soft)’ (eng)

2. attr. ‘physically straining’ (eng)

3. attr. ‘ripe (re. breadfruit, banana)’ (eng)

4. attr. ‘dark shade of (re. color term)’ (eng)

v. ‘push’ (eng)

v. ‘mourn, sad due to the loss of a dear one’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘follow, accompany, go along with’ (eng)

conj. ‘and’ (eng)

v. ‘hit (with fist)’ (eng)

v. ‘wait’ (eng)

n. ‘mother’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘see’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘recognize (visually / from the voice)’ (eng)

particle. ‘yes/no-question marking particle’ (eng)

v. ‘carry on a band over the shoulder’ (eng); ‘gendong’ (ind)

v. tr. ‘earn, obtain’ (eng)

1. v. ‘go down.’ (eng)

2. v. ‘go downstream (in a boat)’ (eng)

v. ‘lie down’ (eng)

n. ‘liar’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘heal, treat somebody for an illness’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. breadfruit tree’ (eng); ‘sukun’ (ind); ‘Artocarpus sp.’ (lat)

v. intr. ‘well’ (eng)

v. ‘shave’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘give birth’ (eng)

n. ‘scissors’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘win’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘do one’s best, make an effort’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘humiliate’ (eng)

v. ‘cause to be, make’ (eng)

attr. ‘thick’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. tree, the nuts are eaten’ (eng); ‘Canarium sp.’ (lat)

adv. ‘fast’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘move’ (eng)

pron. ‘other’ (eng)

attr. ‘big’ (eng)

v. ‘change (re. money)’ (eng)

v. ‘rest’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘smell’ (eng)

n. ‘sieve’ (eng)

v. ‘peek’ (eng)

n. ‘female genitals’ (eng)

n. ‘pubic hair’ (eng)

n. ‘part of female genitals’ (eng); ‘Labia majora’ (lat)

v. ‘dizzy’ (eng)

n. ‘mast’ (eng)

v. ‘hunt (any animal, incl. fish, with whatever instrument)’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘taste’ (eng)

n. ‘fight’ (eng)

1. v. ‘invite, bring together, come together’ (eng)

2. v. ‘collect’ (eng)

n. ‘wife’ (eng)

n. ‘husband’ (eng)

1. v. intr. ‘smell’ (eng)

2. n. ‘smell’ (eng)

v. tr., middle. ‘dry (e.g. on a metal board; e.g. ni¹², cɔ³kla³t)’ (eng)

n. ‘branches of palm tree (generic)’ (eng)

attr. ‘clean’ (eng)

n. ‘rice (in general)’ (eng)

num. ‘four’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘need, want’ (eng)

n. ‘nuclear family or clan’ (eng)

n. ‘chalk (ingredient of chew tobacco mix)’ (eng)

n. ‘ray (kind of fish)’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. mat (used to sleep on)’ (eng); ‘tikar kakoya’ (ind)

n. ‘sea turtle’ (eng)

n. ‘hut’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘breastfeed’ (eng)

1. v. tr. ‘cut (into pieces; involves use of knife or machete; well-controlled movement)’ (eng)

1. n. ‘bird’s wing’ (eng)

2. n. ‘eyelid (when preceded by a form of manɔ²¹n ‘eye’)’ (eng)

1. attr. ‘good’ (eng)

2. attr. ‘helathy’ (eng)

3. attr. ‘beautiful’ (eng)

4. attr. ‘handsome’ (eng)

5. attr. ‘good-natured’ (eng)

6. marker. ‘modality marker (‘to feel like’)’ (eng)

num. ‘seven’ (eng)

1. particle. ‘how many?’ (eng)

2. particle. ‘how much?’ (eng)

attr. ‘blind’ (eng)

v. ‘send’ (eng)

v. ‘weed’ (eng)

v. ‘add (e.g. food on plate)’ (eng)

n. ‘hiding place used in hunting’ (eng)

attr. ‘unripe (re. mango)’ (eng)

attr. ‘yellow, orange’ (eng)

attr. ‘orange (dark shade of yellow)’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘have as taboo’ (eng)

v. ‘whistle’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. plant’ (eng)

attr. ‘full’ (eng)

v. ‘high-tide’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘blow’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘buy’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘stroke, caress, wipe (using hand)’ (eng)

v. ‘whistle’ (eng)

n. ‘bow (weapon)’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘say’ (eng)

n. ‘God’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘sweep (with brush; e g room)’ (eng)

1. attr. ‘unripe (re. sapa¹y, nu¹)’ (eng)

2. attr. ‘non-prototypical realization of a color’ (eng)

n. ‘glass’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘greedy’ (eng)

n. ‘illness’ (eng)

n. ‘soursop, prickly custard apple’ (eng); ‘sirsak’ (ind); ‘Annona muricata’ (lat)

n. ‘durian’ (eng); ‘Durio zibethinus’ (lat)

n. ‘small bowl (e.g. from plastic)’ (eng)

conj. ‘then’ (eng)

1. n. ‘jaw’ (eng)

2. n. ‘mouth’ (eng)

1. n. ‘place’ (eng)

2. n. ‘moment’ (eng)

adv. ‘right now’ (eng)

n. ‘match’ (eng)

v. ‘paint (a picture, e.g. on paper)’ (eng)

n. ‘field’ (eng)

n. ‘hole, opening, cave’ (eng)

n. ‘bamboo’ (eng)

1. n. ‘section of bamboo’ (eng)

2. n. ‘any drinking instrument (e.g. glass)’ (eng)

n. ‘fruit’ (eng)

attr. ‘salty’ (eng)

n. ‘earthworm (not eaten)’ (eng)

v. ‘peel (e.g. hu⁴¹ to be used as rope)’ (eng)

v. tr., intr. ‘ill’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘send’ (eng)

n. ‘bellybutton’ (eng)

n. ‘sugar’ (eng)

v. refl. ‘shave’ (eng)

n. ‘scissors’ (eng)

n. ‘arrowhead made from iron’ (eng)

n. ‘news, message’ (eng)

particle. ‘marker, expresses immedicay’ (eng)

n. ‘fern’ (eng)

v. ‘step over, tread’ (eng)

adv. ‘directly, straight’ (eng)

prep. ‘until’ (eng)

v. ‘at high up (re. sun)’ (eng)

1. pron. ‘one’ (eng)

2. conj. ‘like, as’ (eng)

3. noun. ‘class marker’ (eng)

n. ‘penis’ (eng)

n. ‘pubic hair’ (eng)

n. ‘penis excl. glans’ (eng)

v. tr., intr. ‘go up’ (eng)

1. n. ‘wood’ (eng)

2. n. ‘[k.o. tree] category of trees (category of plants (trees and shrubs) that have branches)’ (eng)

1. n. ‘medicine (including modern medicine)’ (eng)

2. n. ‘poison’ (eng)

n. ‘poison, medicine, antidote’ (eng)

v. tr., middle. ‘cook (generic; directly on the fire – no water, no oil)’ (eng)

v. ‘grill, roast’ (eng)

attr. ‘lively, busy’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘married’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘dig out (e.g. canoe)’ (eng)

n. ‘comb (made of bamboo, unless specified otherwise)’ (eng)

n. ‘comb (made of plastic)’ (eng)

v. ‘carry on the shoulder’ (eng); ‘pikul’ (ind)

1. particle. ‘marker of completion, already’ (eng)

2. particle. ‘describing a future state’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘crescent-shaped (re. moon)’ (eng)

n. ‘mountain’ (eng)

n. ‘wall’ (eng)

n. ‘coastline (re. river or sea), waterside (re. river or sea)’ (eng)

n. ‘anchor’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘rub (liquid/moist substance)’ (eng)

interj. ‘interjection of confirmation’ (eng)

v. intr., refl., tr. ‘bathe, wash one’s body’ (eng)

n. ‘cloth / sarong used as headwear’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘rub’ (eng)

particle. ‘politeness marker’ (eng)

v. tr., middle. ‘boil’ (eng)

n. ‘pit, seed, bean’ (eng)

n. ‘flower’ (eng)

particle. ‘again’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. tree’ (eng); ‘pohon lawang’ (ind)

v. ‘return’ (eng)

n. ‘mango’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘wash (re. dishes, not re. body (hi¹²p) or clothes (ba³m))’ (eng)

v. intr., tr. ‘break, pull, pull off (re. branch: by pulling downwards against its inclination)’ (eng)

v. ‘set up’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘sit, live, reside’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘sit, live’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. snare’ (eng)

n. ‘Adam’s apple’ (eng)

n. ‘waterfall’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘flower, bloom’ (eng)

v. tr., caus. < hu³ŋ. ‘cause to enter, put in’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘smoke-dry’ (eng)

v. ‘enter, put on clothes’ (eng)

v. ‘search’ (eng)

n. ‘bamboo bark’ (eng)

marker. ‘noun class marker (class V. ‘Rest’)’ (eng)

n. ‘Cuscus’ (eng); ‘Phalanger orientalis’ (lat)

‘Common Spotted Cuscus’ (eng); ‘Spilocuscus maculatus’ (lat)

n. ‘k.o. mollusc’ (eng); ‘bia bor’ (ind)

n. ‘k.o. mollusc’ (eng); ‘Malay: bia bor – wat betekent dat?’ (ind)

n. ‘Fruit Dove’ (eng); ‘Ptilinopus spp., excl. Ptilinopus magnificus’ (lat)

n. ‘red-crowned fruit dove’ (eng)

‘red-crowned fruit dove’ (eng); ‘Ptilinopus spp.’ (lat)

n. ‘swamp’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. ant’ (eng)

n. ‘earthworm’ (eng)

n. ‘common scrubfowl’ (eng); ‘burung maleo’ (ind); ‘Megapodius freycinet’ (lat)

‘Moluccan scrubfowl’ (eng); ‘Megapodius wallacei’ (lat)

n. ‘parasite worm’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. mollusc’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. mollusc’ (eng); ‘bia darah’ (ind)

n. ‘Eclectus Parrot’ (eng)

n. ‘lobster (generic term), shrimp (generic term)’ (eng)

n. ‘Great-billed Heron’ (eng); ‘Ardea sumatrana’ (lat)

n. ‘squash’ (eng)

n. ‘sister-in-law (after death of the linking male relative), female in-law (after death of the linking male relative)’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. ant red’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. low wickerwork basket, approx. 15 cms. high and 70 cms. wide, square, used to sieve sago flour by means of fatɛ¹t’ (eng)

n. ‘hand-made comb, made from the central veins of palm leaves, tied together’ (eng)

n. ‘Banded sea krait (k.o. snake)’ (eng); ‘Laticauda sp.’ (lat)

n. ‘cat’ (eng)

n. ‘sister-in-law, female in-law’ (eng)

1. n. ‘mother-in-law’ (eng)

2. n. ‘daughter-in-law’ (eng)

n. ‘Pinon Imperial Pigeon’ (eng); ‘Ducula pinon’ (lat)

n. ‘Purple-tailed Imperial Pigeon’ (eng); ‘Ducula rufigaster’ (lat)

n. ‘Crowned pigeon’ (eng); ‘Goura cristata’ (lat)

particle. ‘marks end of clausal argument’ (eng)

particle. ‘utterance-final question-word question marker’ (eng)

n. ‘Singing Starling’ (eng); ‘Aplonis cantaroides’ (lat)

n. ‘widow’ (eng)

n. ‘Brush-turkey’ (eng); ‘ayam hutan’ (ind)

n. ‘Misool rainbowfish’ (eng); ‘Melanotaenia misoolensis’ (lat)

dem. ‘this’ (eng)

dem. ‘there (far)’ (eng)

dem. ‘there (not too far)’ (eng)

n. ‘Lesser Bird of Paradise’ (eng); ‘Paradisaea minor’ (lat)

particle. ‘utterance-final question-word question marker’ (eng)

n. ‘bird’ (eng)

n. ‘Vulturine Parrot’ (eng); ‘Psittrichas fulgidus’ (lat)

n. ‘Echymipera’ (eng); ‘Echymipera kalubu, probably also Echymipera rufescens’ (lat)

n. ‘k.o. root starch’ (eng); ‘keladi’ (ind); ‘Colocasia antiquorum / esculenta’ (lat)

attr. ‘same’ (eng)

n. ‘stirring stick’ (eng)

n. ‘metal bars’ (eng)

n. ‘frog’ (eng)

n. ‘honey’ (eng)

n. ‘bee’ (eng)

n. ‘Wompoo fruit dove’ (eng); ‘Ptilinopus magnificus’ (lat)

n. ‘Sulphur-crested cockatoo’ (eng); ‘kakatua putih’ (ind); ‘Cacatua galerita’ (lat)

n. ‘Western Black-capped Lory’ (eng); ‘burung luri’ (ind); ‘Lorius lory’ (lat)

n. ‘k.o. insect (dangerous)’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. plant’ (eng); ‘Malay ubi’ (ind)

n. ‘bird of prey (generic term; includes kites and owls, among others)’ (eng)

n. ‘brahminy kite’ (eng); ‘Haliastur indus’ (lat)

n. ‘refers to “smaller” iya³m – unclear whether this means immature or smaller variety’ (eng)

interj. ‘OK (expression of confirmation)’ (eng)

v. ‘have disappeared’ (eng)

attr. ‘black, dark-colored’ (eng)

n. ‘bat (generic term – various species occur, but they are not distinguished)’ (eng)

n. ‘wave’ (eng)

n. ‘ks. or k.o. black small ant’ (eng)

attr. ‘red, pink’ (eng)

n. ‘folded piece of bamboo used to handle burning wood’ (eng)

attr. ‘grey’ (eng)

n. ‘fly’ (eng)

n. ‘Eclectus Parrot’ (eng); ‘Eclectus roratus’ (lat)

v. tr. ‘mix’ (eng)

n. ‘mouse’ (eng)

n. ‘ks. or k.o. red small ant’ (eng)

v. ‘wash one’s face’ (eng)

attr. ‘deaf’ (eng)

1. n. ‘star’ (eng)

2. n. ‘firefly’ (eng)

n. ‘shape, form’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. ant’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. ant’ (eng)

n. ‘loincloth’ (eng); ‘cidako’ (ind)

attr. ‘frizzy (about hair)’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. red ant’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. red big ant’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. ant’ (eng)

attr. ‘impolite, rude’ (eng)

v. ‘work (generic/abstract term)’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. mollusc’ (eng)

n. ‘VCD’ (eng)

n. ‘catapult’ (eng)

n. ‘spoon’ (eng)

n. ‘slice, ‘finger’’ (eng)

n. ‘drinking instrument (general term)’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘stingy’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. leech’ (eng)

n. ‘village head’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. leech |||’ (eng)

n. ‘plant with seedy fruit contained in a pod’ (eng)

n. ‘aunt’ (eng)

n. ‘mother’s brother (older than mother)’ (eng)

n. ‘mother’s brother (younger than mother)’ (eng)

n. ‘rocky hill, rocky mountain’ (eng)

n. ‘cupboard’ (eng)

n. ‘crab’ (eng)

1. n. ‘evening (period from nightfall to daybreak), night (period from nightfall to daybreak)’ (eng)

2. interj. ‘± good night (greeting used when meeting during above-mentioned period)’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. rotan’ (eng)

n. ‘ship (no sail, propelled by a motor)’ (eng)

n. ‘thread’ (eng)

n. ‘resin’ (eng); ‘damar’ (ind)

v. ‘write’ (eng)

v. ‘paint (a picture)’ (eng)

attr. ‘dark, nighttime’ (eng)

n. ‘snake (generic term)’ (eng)

‘k.o. snake’ (eng)

n. ‘stew (e.g. of sweet potatoes sweentened with sugar and with added water thinning the consistency to that of porridge ; cf. Malay bubur), mash (e.g. of sweet potatoes sweentened with sugar and with added water thinning the consistency to that of porridge ; cf. Malay bubur)’ (eng)

n. ‘t-shirt’ (eng)

n. ‘throat’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘funny’ (eng)

attr. ‘lame, rigid’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘jump (horizontally)’ (eng)

n. ‘charcoal’ (eng)

v. ‘clench fist’ (eng)

n. ‘livelihood, income’ (eng)

n. ‘chair’ (eng)

n. ‘biscuit’ (eng)

n. ‘sea straits’ (eng)

postp. ‘interior’ (eng)

n. ‘fishing net’ (eng)

n. ‘Papuan olive python’ (eng); ‘Apodora papuana’ (lat)

adv. ‘forward’ (eng)

n. ‘Green tree python’ (eng); ‘Morelia viridis’ (lat)

n. ‘sail’ (eng)

adv. ‘question-marking particle where to’ (eng)

v. tr., middle. ‘barbecue (i e., to roast/grill food over a fire, using a metal grid to keep the food from the source of heat)’ (eng)

n. ‘side’ (eng)

adv. ‘short while, briefly’ (eng)

n. ‘raja’ (eng)

n. ‘song’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. surface’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘swim’ (eng)

1. adv. ‘long time’ (eng)

2. adv. ‘rarely, seldom’ (eng)

3. adv. ‘slow’ (eng)

1. n. ‘error, wrong’ (eng)

2. v. ‘wrong’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘spread out’ (eng)

n. ‘needle’ (eng)

n. ‘lamp’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. palm tree’ (eng)

n. ‘brother-in-law (after death of the linking female relative), male in-law (after death of the linking female relative)’ (eng)

1. n. ‘sun’ (eng)

2. n. ‘day’ (eng)

v. ‘sun shines’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘move’ (eng)

n. ‘colour pattern, multi-colored’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘float’ (eng)

adv. ‘landward’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘eclipse (re. sun/moon)’ (eng)

1. attr. ‘not-functioning, wounded’ (eng)

2. attr. ‘evil, bad’ (eng)

adv. ‘on one’s side’ (eng)

n. ‘cave’ (eng)

n. ‘salt’ (eng)

n. ‘Eucalyptus tree’ (eng); ‘kayu putih’ (ind)

attr. ‘true, real, prototypical’ (eng)

n. ‘fishing spear (with three-pronged point; the shaft is approx. 2 meters long)’ (eng); ‘kalawai’ (ind)

v. tr. ‘shovel, dig’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. unit of uncooked sago’ (eng); ‘tuman’ (ind)

n. ‘sago (palm), processed sago before cooking’ (eng); ‘Metroxylon spp.’ (lat)

n. ‘sago porridge’ (eng); ‘papeda’ (ind)

n. ‘k.o. unit of uncooked sago’ (eng); ‘tuman’ (ind)

particle. ‘marks spatial deixis’ (eng)

n. ‘candle’ (eng)

num. ‘five’ (eng)

adv. ‘on one’s side’ (eng)

1. attr. ‘big’ (eng)

2. attr. ‘old (re. people)’ (eng)

v. ‘paint (e.g. a door)’ (eng)

n. ‘muscles’ (eng)

1. v. ‘want’ (eng)

2. n. ‘emotional center’ (eng)

v. ‘remember’ (eng)

v. ‘love (love towards parent, friend, lover alike)’ (eng)

v. ‘hate’ (eng)

1. v. ‘sad’ (eng)

2. v. ‘have a problem’ (eng)

3. v. ‘regret’ (eng)

4. v. ‘in love’ (eng)

1. v. ‘happy’ (eng)

2. v. ‘good-natured’ (eng)

v. ‘jealous’ (eng)

v. ‘agree’ (eng)

v. ‘crazy’ (eng)

v. ‘forget’ (eng)

attr. ‘unripe (re. hɔ¹ŋ)’ (eng)

1. v. ‘sad’ (eng)

2. v. ‘have a problem’ (eng)

3. v. ‘regret’ (eng)

4. v. ‘in love’ (eng)

v. ‘agree’ (eng)

v. ‘stupid’ (eng)

n. ‘heart (physical organ; not as a centre of emotion)’ (eng)

n. ‘king bird of paradise’ (eng); ‘Cincinnurus regius’ (lat)

n. ‘longboat (relatively long and wide wooden boat)’ (eng)

1. v. intr. ‘make a sound (e.g. cracking sound of joint)’ (eng)

2. n. ‘sound (any sound but not vocalization by animate), noise’ (eng)

n. ‘sea’ (eng)

n. ‘calf of the leg’ (eng)

v. ‘cut loose (e.g. bananas, jackfruit)’ (eng)

attr. ‘tall, high (e.g. re. sala⁴¹n)’ (eng)

n. ‘spear (for hunting land animals)’ (eng)

1. attr. ‘cold’ (eng)

2. attr. ‘feverish’ (eng)

n. ‘cassowary’ (eng)

num. ‘two’ (eng)

n. ‘ladder’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘burn (about fire or light)’ (eng)

n. ‘platform at the back of house on poles’ (eng)

v. ‘dive’ (eng)

v. ‘unroll’ (eng)

n. ‘room’ (eng)

conj. ‘conjoins multiples of ten with units in numerals’ (eng)

n. ‘nose’ (eng)

n. ‘pig’ (eng)

n. ‘Magey (name of village)’ (eng)

v. ‘tired’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. shrimp’ (eng)

n. ‘malaria’ (eng)

attr. ‘far’ (eng)

attr. ‘proper, regular’ (eng)

1. v. ‘celebrate, feast’ (eng)

2. n. ‘feast, celebration’ (eng)

3. n. ‘(piece of) equipment’ (eng)

attr. ‘nearby’ (eng)

n. ‘eye, face’ (eng)

attr. ‘tired (red eyes/face)’ (eng)

v. tr. & middle. ‘taste’ (eng)

n. ‘chilipepper’ (eng); ‘rica’ (ind)

n. ‘round cookie’ (eng); ‘bala-bala’ (ind)

n. ‘reef, shallow area in the sea’ (eng)

num. ‘nothing, zero, empty’ (eng)

nprop. ‘Matbat’ (eng)

n. ‘adult(s)’ (eng)

n. ‘ancestors’ (eng)

n. ‘north’ (eng)

nprop. ‘Ma`ya’ (eng)

n. ‘good person’ (eng)

n. ‘corpse’ (eng)

attr. ‘quiet, silent’ (eng)

n. ‘tobacco’ (eng)

n. ‘filter cigarette’ (eng)

n. ‘loose tobacco, DIY cigarette’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘taste’ (eng)

n. ‘people’ (eng)

‘old/elderly people’ (eng)

n. ‘arm + hand’ (eng)

n. ‘fist’ (eng)

adv. ‘over’ (eng)

n. ‘unmarried young adult’ (eng)

n. ‘father’ (eng)

n. ‘father’s brother (older than father)’ (eng)

n. ‘father’s brother (younger than father)’ (eng)

n. ‘teacher’ (eng)

pro. ‘question-marking pron., who’ (eng)

n. ‘person, people, six people’ (eng)

‘k.o. unit of uncooked sago’ (eng); ‘tuman’ (pmy)

n. ‘person, people’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘yawn’ (eng)

n. ‘basil’ (eng); ‘class. as ha³y’ (ind)

n. ‘axe’ (eng)

n. ‘arrow’ (eng)

n. ‘guava tree’ (eng); ‘Eugenia sp.’ (lat)

interj. ‘Be careful’ (eng)

1. attr. ‘cooked (re. food)’ (eng)

2. attr. ‘dry, dead (re. wood, plant)’ (eng)

3. attr. ‘ripe (in relation to some fruits)’ (eng)

4. attr. ‘brown, beige’ (eng)

1. v. intr. ‘dead’ (eng)

2. v. intr. ‘lame’ (eng)

n. ‘brother-in-law, male in-law’ (eng)

n. ‘road, path’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. snare’ (eng)

v. ‘careful’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘lift up’ (eng)

n. ‘skin’ (eng)

n. ‘cloud’ (eng)

v. ‘angle’ (eng)

n. ‘table’ (eng)

n. ‘late afternoon (period of the day from appr. 3 pm to sunset)’ (eng)

n. ‘chin’ (eng)

n. ‘north’ (eng)

attr. ‘red’ (eng)

attr. ‘hungry’ (eng)

prep. ‘on … own, by …self’ (eng)

n. ‘bottle’ (eng)

pron. ‘2nd plural’ (eng)

n. ‘urine’ (eng)

v. ‘have intercourse (with)’ (eng)

attr. ‘light of weight (opposite of heavy)’ (eng)

attr. ‘tasty, sweet (re. smell or taste)’ (eng)

attr. ‘bright, not dark’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. mollusc’ (eng)

v. ‘sleep’ (eng)

n. ‘father-in-law, son-in-law’ (eng)

attr. ‘proper, regular’ (eng)

n. ‘cup’ (eng)

n. ‘debt’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘owe (somebody) (something)’ (eng)

particle. ‘negative existential marker’ (eng)

1. attr. ‘sharp (re. edge, e.g. knife or parang; different from tana¹m)’ (eng)

2. attr. ‘angry’ (eng)

n. ‘current [of water]’ (eng)

v. ‘make noise’ (eng)

attr. ‘heavy’ (eng)

attr. ‘dry’ (eng)

n. ‘crocodile’ (eng)

n. ‘areca palm (nut)’ (eng); ‘Areca catechu’ (lat)

1. n. ‘areca palm leaf’ (eng)

2. n. ‘container (made of an areca palm leaf)’ (eng)

n. ‘yi⁴¹ mu²¹p water source’ (eng)

1. attr. ‘cheap’ (eng)

2. attr. ‘easy’ (eng)

adv. ‘probably, approximately’ (eng)

n. ‘conflict, war’ (eng)

n. ‘hiding place used in hunting’ (eng)

n. ‘grandfather’ (eng)

n. ‘woodworm’ (eng)

n. ‘certain period of the year (approx. January and February, when there is plenty of fruit)’ (eng)

attr. ‘narrow’ (eng)

adv. ‘behind’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘lose’ (eng)

n. ‘pimple’ (eng)

n. ‘west’ (eng)

n. ‘body hair’ (eng)

adv. ‘ahead’ (eng)

n. ‘umbilical cord’ (eng)

1. v. tr. ‘see’ (eng)

2. v. tr. ‘look’ (eng)

3. v. tr. ‘look for’ (eng)

4. prep. ‘to’ (eng)

particle. ‘prohibiton marker, don’t’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. breadfruit tree’ (eng); ‘cempeda’ (ind); ‘Artocarpus champeden’ (lat)

n. ‘name, first name’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. palm tree’ (eng); ‘pohon aren / enao’ (ind); ‘Arenga pinnata’ (lat)

n. ‘palm wine’ (eng)

n. ‘rain’ (eng)

v. ‘it is raining lightly’ (eng)

n. ‘betel (fruit) [k.o. plant]’ (eng); ‘Piper betle’ (lat)

n. ‘dream’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘plait (re. wickerwork)’ (eng)

n. ‘animal (includes fish, birds, and land animals, but not insects)’ (eng)

n. ‘meat (incl. poultry)’ (eng)

n. ‘fish’ (eng)

1. n. ‘moon’ (eng)

2. n. ‘month’ (eng)

n. ‘Marbled Frogmouth and/or Papuan Frogmouth’ (eng); ‘Podargus ocellatus, Podargus papuensis’ (lat)

attr. ‘long’ (eng)

n. ‘goat’ (eng)

n. ‘mother’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. tree’ (eng)

attr. ‘strong (re. physical strength)’ (eng)

1. pron. ‘others’ (eng)

2. pron. ‘each other’ (eng)

n. ‘voice (human or animal)’ (eng)

1. n. ‘branch’ (eng)

2. n. ‘finger, toe’ (eng)

n. ‘starfish’ (eng)

1. n. ‘flesh of one fruit, meat’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘cry (sadness)’ (eng)

n. ‘ear’ (eng)

n. ‘fish’ (eng)

n. ‘sugar cane’ (eng); ‘Saccharum officinarum’ (lat)

attr. ‘level’ (eng)

n. ‘river’ (eng)

v. ‘shy’ (eng)

marker. ‘possession marker’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘press’ (eng)

n. ‘body’ (eng)

n. ‘mirror’ (eng)

v. ‘have intercourse (with)’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘fly’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘laugh’ (eng)

n. ‘sago biscuit’ (eng); ‘sago lempeng’ (ind)

n. ‘sago baked in a section of bamboo (ga⁴¹n)’ (eng)

v. ‘smile’ (eng)

n. ‘oil’ (eng)

n. ‘generic term for any oil that is bought from the shop, rather than produced in the village’ (eng)

n. ‘shadow’ (eng)

n. ‘sister’ (eng)

n. ‘brother, sibling’ (eng)

n. ‘testicles’ (eng)

1. v. tr. ‘teach (re. skills, outside school context)’ (eng)

2. v. intr. ‘learn’ (eng)

num. ‘six’ (eng)

n. ‘friend’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘jump [vertically]’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘hear’ (eng)

n. ‘place, village’ (eng)

adv. ‘tomorrow’ (eng)

particle. ‘noun class marker (noun classes I. ‘Animate’)’ (eng)

n. ‘coconut tree’ (eng); ‘Cocos nucifera’ (lat)

v. tr. ‘stab (with e.g. knife or spear)’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. liana’ (eng); ‘tali bore’ (ind)

v. intr. ‘smell’ (eng)

n. ‘island’ (eng)

n. ‘debt’ (eng)

n. ‘spirit, soul’ (eng); ‘roh’ (ind)

particle. ‘comparative / superlative marker’ (eng)

v. ‘masturbate (female masturbation)’ (eng)

attr. ‘polite, refined’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘buy’ (eng)

v. ‘stand (up)’ (eng)

subj. ‘in order to’ (eng)

1. pron. ‘what’ (eng)

2. pron. ‘how’ (eng)

n. ‘dog’ (eng)

attr. ‘old’ (eng)

postp. ‘left hand side’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. aubergine’ (eng)

attr. ‘lazy’ (eng)

postp. ‘right hand side’ (eng)

pron. ‘question-marking particle, what’ (eng)

n. ‘food’ (eng)

postp. ‘below’ (eng)

n. ‘moustache’ (eng)

n. ‘tongue’ (eng)

particle. ‘existential, imminence’ (eng)

1. n. ‘tooth’ (eng)

n. ‘lip’ (eng)

n. ‘saliva’ (eng)

postp. ‘on top of’ (eng)

n. ‘bait for angling’ (eng)

n. ‘nuts and legumes (generic term)’ (eng)

1. n. ‘halve’ (eng)

2. n. ‘slice, ‘finger’’ (eng)

v. intr. ‘shine (re. moon, lamp)’ (eng)

interj. ‘expression ‘Fine’, ‘Go ahead’’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘burn (re. fire)’ (eng)

n. ‘basin (plastic)’ (eng)

n. ‘tax’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. spade’ (eng)

n. ‘nutmeg (tree)’ (eng)

n. ‘illness’ (eng)

n. ‘k.o. disease involving fever, may well be malaria’ (eng); ‘demam goyang’ (ind)

n. ‘estuary (re. moon, lamp)’ (eng)

n. ‘stone’ (eng)

attr. ‘tall’ (eng)

n. ‘hammer’ (eng)

particle. ‘marker of goal’ (eng)

v. ‘arrive, land’ (eng)

n. ‘price / attr. expensive’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘meet, come across’ (eng)

attr. ‘still there, available, alive’ (eng)

n. ‘pill’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘open’ (eng)

n. ‘blood’ (eng)

v. tr. ‘stab, peck (at)’ (eng)

v. tr., caus. < pi³n. ‘hide’ (eng)

v. ‘hidden’ (eng)

n. ‘money’ (eng)

n. ‘bow (weapon)’ (eng)

v. tr. causative derived from attr. ‘heat’ (eng)

v. ‘wounded (e.g. cut of a machete in leg)’ (eng)

attr. ‘wide’ (eng)