OUTOFPAPUA database: Lexicons of the West Papuan language area

‘sit, stay - everyone individually, by him/herself’

‘(thick) branch of a tree, thigh, hind-leg of an animal’

‘3rd p. sg/pl.: he, she, it, they, this, these, here’

‘hey, oh, ah!’

‘marks vocatives, or emphatic utterances’

‘to, towards, in the direction of’

‘sit with one's legs wide apart’

‘(her) thighs spread outwards (as the roots of a tree)’

‘bring one half (of sth) inside the house’

‘I got the canoe across (snag in the river) all by myself!’

‘and so on’

‘opening and closing one’s thighs in rapid succession’

‘opening and closing the thighs’

‘he stopped wailing’

‘his adopted yo.br.’; ‘adik piara’

‘iets liggend tegen je aan gedrukt houden’

‘they went only as far as the Fay’

‘in our direction, on our side’

1. ‘elders should speak!’

2. ‘go on telling’

‘it was sitting with shining tusks’

‘with the thighs wide open’

‘he came nearer until he was very close to them’

‘lie down here!’

‘form branches, grow branches, form flowers (sago palm)’

‘there were no people to fill the large yew’

‘please, come here outside!’

‘between the Ma and Yomot’

‘cut, chop, chisel, remove small flakes from sth.’

‘not-yet-finished inside of a canoe under construction (when finished)’

‘advice, admonition, request, order’

‘give advice, admonish’

‘request ( a person to do something)’

‘try to give advice’

‘sp. of wild banana (with seeds)’

‘all kinds of’

‘beforehand, ahead, in advance of’

‘crust of roasted sago, barrier, obstruction, cover’

‘stick to, attached to, full (sago washing trough)’

1. ‘go down and settle at’

2. ‘go ‘down’ and form a barrier (blocking the enemy’s way)’

‘peel off the crust (of the roasted sago) for s.o.’

‘roast until a crust has formed’

‘go ashore blocking someone’s way’

‘head off a person, block a person’s way by getting in front of him, cover sth’

‘obstruct s o’s way on the river’

‘reach/get nearly to’

‘platform on the collar beams of the house, used for storing sago and household implements, broad base of the midrib of a sago frond’

‘scrape off the thorns from sago midribs’

‘cut off the midrib of a sago frond’

‘drenched in water, rinsed’

‘cut, chop completely, cut all’

‘shoal of fish’

‘stand chiseling’

‘Y’

‘nettle sp.’

‘(?) prohibition, refusal’

‘forbid’

‘want to kill somebody in anger’

‘(a person’s) lap’

‘beat, hit, strike, kill’

‘boing! hit!’

‘immediately he set out again’

‘kill to eat, kill edible objects’

‘grandparents’

‘cooked crust of a ball of roasted sago’

‘lying down, coiled up (e.g. a snake)’

‘coiled up, coil oneself (e.g. said of a snake)’

‘roll up, coil up’

‘lie coiled up in a heap (long hair)’

‘twist one’s way upwards (into a tree) [said of a snake]’

1. ‘dust, cloud of dust, dirt (on floor)’

2. ‘in great numbers, swarming with’

‘fan, made of leaves or the leaf-sheath of a sago palm’

‘groin’

‘fan (a fire)’

‘spoil’

‘enter (a house) in great numbers, like a cloud of dust’

‘maggot’

‘blow out downwards’

‘shoot down (a bird)’

‘miss, fail to hit’

‘broad, wide’

‘widen sth. (a 'sitting' object)’

‘widen sth. while going downriver’

‘kill s.o. on the river/in the water’

‘get up/depart while yelling’

‘froth, air bubbles (e.g. blown out by someone under water; bubbles which come out of the holes in the trunk of a sago palm full of sago grubs which are almost fully grown)’

‘fish sp., proper name of male’

‘keeping close to sth, s.o.’

‘(always followed by in and a verb form often containing ak) immediately after doing X, proceed with Y’

‘action usually implies a motion along a curved surface, or a curving motion: to chop or strip off along a curved surface, shave, scoop up’

‘curved surface, cheek, gills (of a fish), side of a canoe, beside’

‘grandfather, husband's father’

‘straightaway to go upstream’

‘immediately after doing X start working on sth.’

‘immediately after doing X to go to the forest to meet somebody’

‘immediately after doing X to go to the river carrying sth.’

‘at once climb / go upwards’

‘go up the river immediately after (having done sth else)’

‘straight away go on with (after finishing doing sth.)’

‘he didn't turn back’

‘lie down immediately after having gone up the river’

‘walk beside s.o., join a.p. and walk with him’

‘mutually to rub cheeks (as a sign of love)’

‘lick all over someone’s face’

‘stand licking a person's face’

‘lick someone’s face (as an expression of love)’

‘lie down to sleep beside s.o.’

‘go into the water beside s.o.’

‘blow up one's cheeks’

‘tear, chop to pieces’

‘akakanim om se, ka kanim om se, ak akanim om se?’

‘always to go out on one's own (hunting; fishing)’

‘beat up’

‘nipa palm’

‘open, wrench open, open up’

‘go and cut nipa palm fronds’

‘cut off nipa palm fronds and take them away in the canoe’

‘open, unfold, spread out (one’s legs)’

‘there (said of footprints; tracks)’

‘hold something open’

‘go ashore/to he forest with sth one has opened/which is open’

‘get (water) and carry it ashore (?)’

‘try to open’

‘jump aside, go aside’

‘open sth for someone’

‘tear/chop off and take (e.g. leaves off a tree)’

‘split open (lying obj.)’

‘catch and eat/to catch for food’

‘hemorrhoids’

‘sprout, shoot of a palm or tree, offspring, descendants’

‘name of a yew’

‘minor part, 2nd/following part, of a song’

‘on one's own, go/row by oneself, not in company of others’

‘stand on one's own’

‘cause to be separate (e.g. said of a wood carver who makes the legs of a statue stand apart)’

‘stand up ?’

‘scrape off’

‘good, fine, beautiful, wholly, real’

‘mooie vrouwen zijn er allen’

‘very good’

‘very beautiful’

‘proper name of male (good-inside-Senior)’

‘good wife’

‘very good, very beautiful (usually followed by cowak)’

‘very good, excellent’

‘frond of a palm tree’

‘k.o. lizard’

‘swallow (bird). Flies very high when it is going to rain, just like the susur’

‘stand naked’

‘proper name of male’

‘together, sharing’

‘fully grown’

‘redupl. form of akem’

‘break off, cut down’

‘small hoop net used to catch shrimps’

‘break off and throw away’

‘break off and swallow’

‘break and stand with it, busy cutting down (Subj. standing)’

‘break off and take away’

‘break off and carry along up the river (eg. strong inco­ming tide breaks off a branch)’

‘break off s.t. which is on the river (e.p. prow of canoe)’

‘take s.t. from in order to eat it / to take s.t. edible away from’

‘break off sth and take it’

‘chop off, cut down, damage (e.g. a house)’

‘cut down and scoop out the contents (of a sago palm)’

‘filled to the brim with sago (sago washing trough)’

‘rain heavily, come down in buckets (rain)’

‘very’

‘dig out/hollow out a dugout canoe’

‘hollow out (a canoe)’

‘immediately after, straightaway (always followed by a verb containing the verb root’

‘perforation of the nostril’

‘completive form of ak-’

‘old, of people’

‘have become very old’

‘may you become very old!’

‘go one's own way, independent of others’

‘chop off, peel off, downwards’

‘go seawards on one's own, lead towards the sea (a track)’

‘irritated, annoyed, squabbling (of children)’

‘grandmother’

‘tree sp.’

‘song of the yipay feast’

‘smooth, slippery’

‘song sung during the Bis feast (with women beating the drums according to in­for­m­ant Yo­pe­rak of Yepem village)’

‘cut away, remove (growth off a tree)’

‘return downriver to/with’

‘fix firmly, snap into place’

‘cut open (a track), cut oneself a way through the bushes, clear the undergrowth round a tree’

‘scarification, tattoo’

‘forked, of a tree’

‘finish a new canoe for someone’

‘bend oneself’

‘move to one side, out of the way, make a detour’

‘bend oneself in upstream direction while carrying s.t., walk in upstream di­rec­tion with, following a circuitous path’

‘send someone up the river along a detour’

‘take sth away from behind ( the verb denotes that one has to reach around somet­hing to get it)’

‘come by a devious/circuitous way: wasen ay-akseres-caraw let him come through the forest by a devious way’

‘return home by a roundabout way (walking)’

‘take s o./sth up the river by a roundabout way’

‘go down the river by a roundabout way’

‘cut a track through the jungle’

‘chop off for someone, hew out for someone, help s.o. to hew’

‘chop/strip off until finished’

‘chop, strip off individually, everyone for himself (not as part of a group)’

‘one of the songs of the spirit feast (yipay mu), also sung during the sago-tray feast (an pok mu) when the trays (an) are made’

‘for the first time try to fasten sth on’

‘proper name of male’

‘remove all’

‘3rd pers.sg. emphatic form usually followed by aram’

‘also, and, with’

‘cut with an axe’

‘fish sp. (Lates calcarifer) BI kakap’

‘tree sp.’

‘adverbializer?’

‘fish man’

‘whiskers of the am fish’

‘go one’s separate way’

‘tell one another to do sth., order one another’

‘lie down together’

‘barter’

‘name of a yew group’

‘bow (weapon)’

‘eat together with someone, join others to eat’

‘eat together, join in eating’

‘inside, in, during, underneath, below, under’

‘come up the bank of the river carrying a bow’

‘heavy bow, bow which is difficult to bend’

‘come ashore, bow ready to shoot’

‘try out a bow’

‘go down the river, bow at the ready’

‘good bowman, good shot’

‘bow without bowstring’

‘nurse a grievance, have a grievance but keep it a secret’

‘walk down the river along the bank, holding a bow at the ready’

‘that part of the pith of the sago palm that contains sago grubs’

‘shoot with a bow’

‘rattan ring/knot at the end of the bow which keeps the eye in the bowstring in its place’

‘cautiously to go forward in the direction of the forest, bow ready to shoot’

‘take a bow from above’

‘sound of the release of the bowstring’

‘shoot at each other’

‘draw the bow’

‘he sat pulling the bow strongly (so that it looked like a pair of firetongs)’

‘in his/her presence’

‘name of a yew group’

‘bright red’

‘good archer’

‘proper name of male’

‘horizontal beams resting on the house stilts, supporting the floor and walls of the house, bottom plate’

‘cause to sit together, marry a couple, put down together’

‘name of a yew’

‘go together with a person, accompany’

1. ‘sago, sago palm, food’

2. ‘edible, ripe’

‘sago crumbs’

‘after she had the sago crust’

‘we use a midrib of a sago frond for the sago-washing trough’

‘they had already decided to get sago’

‘dry, crumbly raw core of a roasted lump of sago, sago crumbs, left-overs of sago’

‘cut down a sago palm and remove the starch’

‘fill a bowl with sago’

‘alles opmaken’

‘pound sago’

‘roast sago and eat it, harvest sago for food’

‘sit, roasting sago’

‘roast sago and push it over to someone’

‘roast/scrape out sago for someone’

‘harvest sago’

‘communal gathering of sago and fish for the ceremonial exchange of food when a death in the family makes it necessary as at the arok feast’

‘fill houses completely with sago’

‘stow a canoe full of sago’

‘take sago to the canoe for s.o.’

‘stow a canoe full of sago for someone’

‘top layer of sago pith in the trunk’

‘scrap out much sago, start pounding sago, wor­king hard’

‘walk about in order to collect sago’

‘collect large quantities of sago’

‘felled sago palm which is left unused’

‘enter houses with someone in order to collect sago’

‘perform the whole process of sago making’

‘want to get sago’

‘implements used for processing sago: axes, digging sticks, sago pounders, small troughs, strainers, ready to be used, ready for action’

‘start to collect the sago-making implements / to get ready the sago-making implements’

‘put the sago-processing implements ready’

‘roasted ball of sago’

‘he slept without having eaten the sago’

‘and on top of that they took away a large block of sago!’

‘let someone share one's sago’

‘leave to get sago (all members of a group)’

‘disappear in all directions to make sago’

‘quickly to return from sago making’

‘set out to make sago (many people)’

‘go to harvest sago for s.o.’

‘scrape out more sago (in addition to what had been done before)’

‘sago flour’

‘sago ball (dry sago is mixed with water and then kneaded into a ball)’

‘he felled a sago palm’

‘break (pieces of sago) in two’

‘give each one in turn sago to eat’

‘day after day he sat, chewing raw sago’

‘sago pith’

‘scrape out sago pith in the direction of the top (umu) or bottom (mopan) of the trunk’

‘fetch a lot of sago’

‘accumulate much sago’

‘put the sago-washing contraption together’

‘join others eating’

‘prepare sago for s.o.’

‘make a sago palm fall down (in the water?)’

‘'generations' of sago trees’; ‘sagu turun temurun’

‘pound sago’

‘eat sago from then on’

‘also to be hungry’

‘die of hunger, very hungry’

‘make hungry, cause to be silent with hunger’

‘fetch sago grubs (everyone individually)’

‘(?)’

‘accumulate (lots of) sago’

‘temporary dwelling place near the sago gardens where one stays when large amounts of sago have to be processed, e.g. for a feast’

‘carry sago until really tired’

‘he does like sago sticks, doesn't he?’

‘squeeze out sago pulp’

‘put so much sago on the fire that it looks as if it has been extinguis­hed’

‘go out and fell sago trees’

‘busy making sago’

‘go to the forest while leaving a trail of sago flour behind’

‘strew sago’

‘huge flowering sago tree’

‘cut/chop away, chop a lot’

‘decorate each other’

‘bit of sago’

‘bird sp., k o parrot with red feathers’

‘property, possession’

‘revenge’

‘accompany s.o. in the canoe’

‘look after a small child, baby-sit’

‘together kill and eat’

‘flesh of fruit’

‘deny each other the possession of s.t.’

‘say/do to each other’

‘together with others to go out to get food’

‘also to sit down, sit down together with (other people)’

‘sit down together with others, also to sit down’

‘stay together’

‘go up a big river together with s.o., accompany s.o. up the river’

‘join (others) on a fishing/hunting/sago making trip’

‘snake (generic term)’

‘ringed water snake’

‘on one's way (by canoe), proceed cautiously (by canoe)’

‘as above, but going down a tributary’

‘stretch oneself (a person lying down)’

‘to (start to) change into’

‘do with many people’

‘do/be/say (by an agent who is lying down or belongs to the positional category lying down’

‘become emaciated (a sick person)’

‘lie burning, roasting’

‘lie down, having been tied up/chained to’

‘lie wriggling (snake), convulsing’

‘lie stinking, smelling badly (corpse)’

‘slowly to go up a main river with a heavy load in the canoe’

‘slowly to go up a main river with a heavy load in the canoe, up a tributary’

‘slowly to paddle on, forwards’

‘busy dancing’

‘dance the kawo dance’

‘stretch oneself’

‘arrive with many people (?)’

‘turn oneself SL’

‘lie down, crying’

‘shuffle around SL, lie(on the bottom of a canoe) beating (the sides) while on the way’

‘slide/crawl/flow down, return home’

‘take along up the river in many canoes in battle array’

‘rot away (corpse)’

‘lie stored (goods in a warehouse)’

‘wriggle SL’

‘take along while crawling upwards/into a tree’

‘semua orang bicara’

‘(of a group of people) all to have a lot of (pubic hair)’

‘crawl around sth.’

‘slowly to follow the bend in the river going upstream while taking someone/sth along’

‘crawl around sth., circle around SL’

‘go down a side river along its bank’

‘crawl in upstream direction SL, slowly to go up the river (while looking for food)’

‘shallow (a river)’

‘go away to take for oneself’

‘crawl up (eg. into a tree) carrying sth’

‘lie unattended’

‘come towards the speaker while doing’

‘do/say (SL)’

‘slowly to go up the river while doing/saying’

‘go down/descend in great numbers while doing’

‘slowly to come hither (by canoe) across’

‘fully load a canoe and go away’

‘slide out (baby being born)’

‘sprout by itself, grow wild (plant)’

‘slowly to paddle down the river while doing’

‘row up a big river with a heavy load of’

‘id., down a side river’

‘id., up a side river’

‘give instructions to one another’

‘fight each other’

‘go back together with the others, join others going back’

‘go back together’

‘join others in stabbing, stab one another’

‘stab each other’

‘stab together?’

‘smear/rub each other with (sago)’

‘together/also to come outside’

‘join others entering (a house), enter as well’

‘rub cheeks (two people greeting each other)’

‘all without exception, nothing but, totally’

‘proper name of an old important man’

‘proud of, boasting of, extremely pleased with’

‘chase each other (eg. playing children)’

‘ghost of someone whose head has been taken. These ghosts are thought to have a human body and limbs but a bird's head’

‘chase’

‘chase someone in ni direction’

1. ‘lie down, present, of a LS’

2. ‘move, crawl’

‘upper part of something, top, crown of a tree’

‘do -everyone for himself - while lying down’

‘lie down and start singing loudly’

‘have come up completely (the sun)’

‘crawl around in circles’

‘put away’

‘village name’

‘pregnant LS’

‘go up the river along the bank while saying/doing’

‘name of yew in Amisu’

‘fish with the fishing nets (group of women)’

‘join someone, go together with other people’

‘join a person/persons lying down’

‘join a person/persons sitting’

‘join s.o. to, marry a woman to a man’

‘pronged arrow with prongs made of blackpalm wood’

‘sit close together’

‘together to go and catch crabs’

‘name of a yew group’

‘go ashore together’

‘together to go ashore’

‘go ashore and join others who have settled there, also to go ashore etc.’

‘together to row down the river’

‘name of a yew group’

‘eat together with s.o.’

‘in his/her/their presence’

‘try/want to eat together’

‘go home together, go downriver together’

‘depart together’

‘kind of basket made of a section of a nipa palm frond’

‘tumor, boil, swelling’

‘fish species (presumably a porpoise)’

‘kiss each other’

‘kind of rattan used as a bow string (“elder brother” of the yisuw)’

‘very taut bowstring’

‘meenemen naar?’

‘proper name of male’

‘hot’

‘name of a yew group’

‘travel everywhere, walkabout, walk around sth’

‘stretch out in upstream direction (large group of people)’

‘travel about, wander’

‘separate from each other (fighting people), pull away from e.o.’

‘generic marker ?’

‘property, possession’

‘the (female) owner’

‘the (male) owner’

‘beat up each other’

‘go fishing together’

‘together to fish with a net/nets’

‘look on (as a spectator)’

‘show to each other’

‘Recipr. form’

‘together to look for, help others to look for sth.’

‘join others on a trip’

‘together to travel by canoe’

1. ‘lie down, present, of a LS’

2. ‘move, crawl’

‘slowly to row up the river along the bank’

‘slowly to come up the river (towards the speaker)’

‘go up the river to look for’

‘come here slowly (rowing along the bank of the river)’

‘lie down at night, sleep’

‘pass the night, sleep’

‘crawl with sth up (into a tree)’

‘run together’

‘grow up’

‘lie down in the morning’

‘together to set out’

‘crawl inland (from the sea) while carrying sth/s.o.’

‘take s.o. up the river (slowly?)’

‘he/she knows it’

‘sleep with someone, holding sth.’

‘creep into (a house) to meet someone’

‘creep downwards while carrying sth/s.o.’

‘go down the river with all people’

‘many people to go back up the river’

‘stickle of the am fish’

‘together to go downriver’

‘together/also …’

‘in retaliation, in (his) turn’

‘(A) hit him first and he (B) hit him in return’

‘hang down (e.g. a lamp from the ceiling; piece of rope)’

‘(?)’

‘accompany to the other side of the river’