OUTOFPAPUA database: Lexicons of the West Papuan language area

Fricke (2019b): Proto-Flores-Lembata

Original citation: Fricke, Hanna. 2019. Traces of language contact: The Flores-Lembata languages in eastern Indonesia. PhD thesis, Leiden University.
Notes on this source: If no Proto-Flores-Lembata form can be reconstructed but a set of similar forms is attested, Fricke (2019) gives a form that could potentially be a PFL reconstruction based on reversing the sound changes they undergo in the subgroups. These unreconstructed forms are marked with a hash tag (#), instead of an asterisk (*). A form marked by # thus refers to a lexeme shared by several subgroups but which, based on current knowledge, is not reconstructable to a proto-language.

Search entries

Total entries: 210
Headword IPA Glosses
#bəCo(l)#bəco(l)

‘come’

#pasak#pasak

‘shoot’

#rusa#rusa

‘deer’

#sadok#sadok

‘fist’

#soka#soka

‘dance’

#soroŋ#soroŋ

‘give’

*aku*aku

‘1sg’

*alis*alis

‘tendon’

*an*an

‘what’

*anak*anak

‘child’

*anak*anak

‘small, child’

*aŋin*aŋin

‘wind’

*apa*apa

‘what’

*ata*ata

‘person’

*bagi*baɡi

‘divide’

*baŋun*baŋun

‘wake up’

*bao*bao

‘float’

*basa*basa

‘wash’

*bayu*bayu

‘pound’

*binay*binay

‘‘female, sister’

*budaʔ*budaʔ

‘white’

*bukat*bukat

‘open’

*buŋa*buŋa

‘flower’

*bəli*bəli

‘give’

*bə-ləma*bə-ləma

‘inside’

*bərat*bərat

‘heavy’

*daru*daru

‘sew’

*dasan*dasan

‘ask, report’

*daʔit*daʔit

‘sew’

*deket*deket

‘burn, clear land’

*dikə*dikə

‘good, right, person’

*diri*diri

‘stand’

*dəŋər*dəŋər

‘hear’

*dʒua*dʒua

‘two’

*gali*ɡali

‘dig’

*garu*ɡaru

‘scratch’

*gatər*ɡatər

‘itchy’

*giki*ɡiki

‘bite’

*g-nilu-k*ɡ-nilu-k

‘sour’

*gnəbin*ɡnəbin

‘wall’

*gurit*ɡurit

‘dig’

*gəbi*ɡəbi

‘wall’

*gəvalik*ɡəvalik

‘return’

*hakay*hakay

‘ascend’

*hapu*hapu

‘wipe’

*hava*hava

‘spouse’

*hida*hida

‘3pl’

*hira*hira

‘salt’

*hogo*hoɡo

‘wake up’

*ikur*ikur

‘tail’

*-inu*-inu

‘drink’

*ipə*ipə

‘teeth’

*iu*iu

‘shark’

*kaan*kaan

‘eat’

*kalaka*kalaka

‘spider’

*kamak*kamak

‘skin, bark (tree)’

*kami*kami

‘1pl excl’

*kapik*kapik

‘wing’

*kari*kari

‘run’

*kau*kau

‘2sg informal’

*kayu*kayu

‘tree, wood’

*kayu*kayu

‘wood, tree’

*kera*kera

‘turtle’

*kiput*kiput

‘narrow’

*kita*kita

‘1pl incl’

*klipi*klipi

‘cheek’

*kpali-k*kpali-k

‘shoulder’

*(k)rəvun*(k)rəvun

‘sweat’

*kulit*kulit

‘skin’

*kwali-k*kwali-k

‘shoulder’

*(kə)bukal*(kə)bukal

‘butterfly’

*kəda*kəda

‘stand’

*kələm*kələm

‘sky’

*kəmelu*kəmelu

‘smooth’

*kəmeruŋ*kəmeruŋ

‘rice ear bug’

*kə-namuk*kə-namuk

‘fly’

*labur*labur

‘shirt’

*lahe-k*lahe-k

‘testicles’

*laku*laku

‘civet cat’

*lalan*lalan

‘road’

*laləm*laləm

‘inside’

*layar*layar

‘sail’

*leba*leba

‘burden stick’

*lima*lima

‘arm, hand, five’

*lima*lima

‘hand, arm, five’

*lima*lima

‘hand, arm’

*lodoŋ*lodoŋ

‘fall from above’

*lotur*lotur

‘knee’

*(l)oyor*(l)oyor

‘wave, sea’

*luri*luri

‘bone’

*luri ‘bone*luri ‘bone

‘seed’

*luu*luu

‘tear’

*lədav*lədav

‘sun, day’

*ləpət*ləpət

‘fold’

*mai*mai

‘come’

*mamaʔ*mamaʔ

‘chew’

*manuk*manuk

‘chicken, bird’

*matay*matay

‘die’

*meran*meran

‘red’

*meya*meya

‘shy, ashamed’

*mitəm*mitəm

‘black’

*miu*miu

‘2pl’

*miu*miu

‘2sg informal’

*m-kapal*m-kapal

‘thick’

*m-nipih-i*m-nipih-i

‘thin’

*mo*mo

‘2sg informal’

*modip*modip

‘alive’

*m-panau*m-panau

‘tinea’

*m-paʔit*m-paʔit

‘bitter’

*m-potaŋ*m-potaŋ

‘spit’

*m-pədu*m-pədu

‘salty’

*m-pənu*m-pənu

‘full’

*m-tasak*m-tasak

‘ripe’

*m-tidəm*m-tidəm

‘sharp’

*m-tuʔa*m-tuʔa

‘old (for people)’

*muav*muav

‘yawn’

*muku*muku

‘banana’

*mula*mula

‘plant’

*mulur*mulur

‘straight’

*mətala*mətala

‘star’

*na*na

‘3sg’

*naŋi*naŋi

‘swim’

*napu-k*napu-k

‘flat, stream, river’

*(n)iduŋ*(n)iduŋ

‘nose’

*niur*niur

‘coconut’

*(n)ubak*(n)ubak

‘river, stream’

*padi*padi

‘rice grains’

*padi*padi

‘rice plant’

*paluk*paluk

‘hit (drum)’

*pana(v)*pana(v)

‘walk’

*panav*panav

‘walk’

*pati*pati

‘cut’

*pida*pida

‘how much, how many’

*piliʔ*piliʔ

‘choose’

*pipi*pipi

‘cheek’

*pitu*pitu

‘seven’

*plari*plari

‘run’

*plupi*plupi

‘blow’

*prupi*prupi

‘blow’

*puhu*puhu

‘flower’

*puhun*puhun

‘heart’

*puki*puki

‘vagina’

*puŋa*puŋa

‘flower’

*pə-vunu*pə-vunu

‘fight’

*ra*ra

‘blood’

*ramut*ramut

‘root’

*raya*raya

‘big’

*ribu*ribu

‘thousand’

*rivu*rivu

‘thousand’

*ruma*ruma

‘house’

*sala*sala

‘wrong, guilty’

*sala*sala

‘wrong’

*sama*sama

‘same’

*sika*sika

‘shoo, chase away, send away’

*siva*siva

‘nine’

*s-pulu*s-pulu

‘ten’

*səru-k*səru-k

‘sweet’

*t<əm>akav*t<əm>akav

‘steal’

*tahik*tahik

‘sea’

*tai*tai

‘stomach, belly’

*ta(ke)*ta(ke)

‘no, not’

*takut*takut

‘scared’

*tali*tali

‘rope’

*tani*tani

‘cry’

*tani*tani

‘weave’

*tave*tave

‘laugh’

*tena*tena

‘canoe’

*tudu*tudu

‘accuse’

*tudu*tudu

‘sleep’

*tuno*tuno

‘burn, grill’

*(t)usu*(t)usu

‘breast’

*tuun*tuun

‘year’

*tuʔan*tuʔan

‘forest’

*təlu*təlu

‘three’

*təmayuŋ*təmayuŋ

‘bedbug’

*təmisi*təmisi

‘ant’

*təməla*təməla

‘flea’

*təvu*təvu

‘sugarcane’

*uay*uay

‘rattan’

*udan*udan

‘rain’

*udu*udu

‘grass’

*ular*ular

‘snake’

*uma*uma

‘garden’

*una*una

‘inside’

*uta*uta

‘bean, vegetable’

*uti*uti

‘penis’

*vadi*vadi

‘younger sibling’

*vai*vai

‘woman’

*vanan*vanan

‘right side’

*vatar*vatar

‘corn, maize’

*vatu*vatu

‘stone’

*vavi*vavi

‘pig’

*vaʔi*vaʔi

‘foot’

*vaʔir*vaʔir

‘water’

*veli*veli

‘price, bride price, expensive, buy’

*vua*vua

‘betelnut, fruit’

*vua*vua

‘fruit’

*vuda*vuda

‘foam’

*vuhak*vuhak

‘hair’

*vuhur*vuhur

‘bow’

*vulu-k*vulu-k

‘body hair, feather’

*vura*vura

‘sand’

*(v)uvuŋ*(v)uvuŋ

‘ridge’

*vəki*vəki

‘body’

*əha*əha

‘one, alone’

*ənay*ənay

‘sand, soil’

*ənay*ənay

‘sand’

*ənəm*ənəm

‘six’

*əpat*əpat

‘four’

*ʔavu*ʔavu

‘ash’