Source entries: Sneddon (1978f)

Sneddon (1978f): Tontemboan

Original citation: Sneddon, J. N. 1978. Proto-Minahasan: Phonology, morphology and wordlist. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.

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Total entries: 657

Headword	IPA	Glosses
adiʔ	adiʔ	‘sheet or mat on which to sit or lie’
aga	aɡa	‘tree sp.’; ‘Pterocarpus indicus’
akad	akad	‘until, the extent that’
akar	akar	‘until, the extent that’
akir	akir	‘scoop out rice from pot’
aku	aku	‘I’
alar	alar	‘enclosure for animals’
alaʔd	alaʔd	‘enclosure for animals’
aliʔi	aliʔi	‘house post’
aləd	aləd	‘support, prop up’
aləŋ	aləŋ	‘soot, black stain from smoke’
alər	alər	‘support, prop up’
amaŋ	amaŋ	‘father’
amaʔ	amaʔ	‘father (vocative)’
amian	amian	‘north, north wind’
anak	anak	‘child of someone, offspring’
anaʔ	anaʔ	‘child of someone, offspring’
aŋe	aŋe	‘go up (wards)’
antaŋ	antaŋ	‘rise, emerge, lift up’
anu	anu	‘someone/something or other’
api	api	‘fire’
apoʔ	apoʔ	‘grandparent, ancestor, lord (title)’
apu	apu	‘lime’
apədu	apədu	‘bile, gall’
apəru	apəru	‘bile, gall’
ariʔi	ariʔi	‘house post’
arəŋ	arəŋ	‘soot, black stain from smoke’
asaŋ	asaŋ	‘gills (of fish)’
asin	asin	‘salt’
asu	asu	‘dog’
asu	asu	‘draw water, scoop up water’
asuʔ	asuʔ	‘draw water, scoop up water’
asəŋ	asəŋ	‘breath, breathe’
ata	ata	‘slave’
ate	ate	‘liver’
atus	atus	‘hundred’
atəp	atəp	‘roof, roofing (thatch)’
awaʔat	awaʔat	‘storm from the west (November to January monsoon)’
awu	awu	‘dust, powder’
awut	awut	‘pull out, extract’
awəs	awəs	‘enough, increase, add to’
aya	aja	‘break (of day)’
ayam	ajam	‘plait, weave’
aʔi	aʔi	‘this’
aʔkəl	aʔkəl	‘sugar palm’; ‘Arenga saccharifera’
aʔliʔ	aʔliʔ	‘sheet or mat on which to sit or lie’
aʔmut	aʔmut	‘root’
aʔsəŋ	aʔsəŋ	‘gills (of fish)’
bitiʔ	bitiʔ	‘kick’
buaʔ	buaʔ	‘fruit’
buaʔ-na	buaʔ-na	‘fruit’
dalid	dalid	‘long shallow wooden tray, trough’
edoʔ	edoʔ	‘earthquake’
ehe	ehe	‘give’
eroʔ	eroʔ	‘earthquake’
ewe	ewe	‘desire, crave, saliva, slaver, salivate’
eweʔ	eweʔ	‘desire, crave, saliva, slaver, salivate’
gegey	ɡeɡej	‘hang down, hang in tatters’
gio	ɡio	‘face, appearance, colour’
gogar	ɡoɡar	‘loosen, break off, demolish’
gorit	ɡorit	‘saw’
gəʔgər	ɡəʔɡər	‘shiver, tremble’
impit	impit	‘narrow’
inaŋ	inaŋ	‘mother’
inaʔ	inaʔ	‘mother’
inaʔ	inaʔ	‘reduce, decrease, make less’
indo	indo	‘take, get, fetch’
iŋkoʔ	iŋkoʔ	‘riddle’
ipag	ipaɡ	‘brother/sister-in-law’
ipi	ipi	‘dream’
ipus	ipus	‘tail’
ipən	ipən	‘tooth’
ipəs	ipəs	‘kind of small cockroach’
itoʔ	itoʔ	‘uncle’
kakaʔ	kakaʔ	‘elder sibling’
kalasey	kalasej	‘fish trap of bamboo lattice work’
kaleʔkew	kaleʔkew	‘flounder, struggle’
kali	kali	‘gutter, drain, dig, dig a gutter’
kalimpoʔpoʔan	kalimpoʔpoʔan	‘butterfly’
kamo	kamo	‘you (plural)’
kampet	kampet	‘grip, clutch for support (e.g. railing)’
kamu	kamu	‘you (plural)’
kan	kan	‘food, eat’
kantoŋ	kantoŋ	‘large, fat, castrated pig’
kapey	kapej	‘wave, beckon with hand’
karaʔkaʔ	karaʔkaʔ	‘boil (of water)’
karis	karis	‘stripe, streak, scratch’
karot	karot	‘scratch, streak’
karut	karut	‘scrape off/out, scoop out, scratch out’
karəʔkət	karəʔkət	‘gnaw, grind teeth’
kaso	kaso	‘rafters’
katare	katare	‘first’
kawal	kawal	‘amulet giving invulnerability, invulnerable’
kawisa	kawisa	‘whenʔ’
kayoŋ	kajoŋ	‘crab’
kayoʔ	kajoʔ	‘stir, mix’
kayu	kaju	‘wood, tree’
kaʔaŋ	kaʔaŋ	‘scab (on wound)’
kaʔ-apu	kaʔ-apu	‘finished, used up, finish off, use up’
kaʔawiʔ	kaʔawiʔ	‘yesterday’
kaʔawiʔi	kaʔawiʔi	‘yesterday’
kaʔis	kaʔis	‘brush, sweep’
kaʔkar	kaʔkar	‘hole, dig out, scoop out’
kaʔkas	kaʔkas	‘scratch in ground or leaves (e.g. of chicken)’
kendoŋ	kendoŋ	‘make rope by spinning palm fibres’
kentoʔ	kentoʔ	‘lame, limp’
keret	keret	‘victory cry, give war cry’
keseʔ	keseʔ	‘torn, tear’
keʔet	keʔet	‘tap sugar palm’
keʔkeʔ	keʔkeʔ	‘laugh’
keʔol	keʔol	‘unsteady on one’
kiak	kiak	‘yelp, screech’
kileʔ	kileʔ	‘tickle’
kima	kima	‘giant clam’
kita	kita	‘we (inclusive)’
kiʔit	kiʔit	‘follow’
kiʔkir	kiʔkir	‘stingy, thrifty’
kiʔkis	kiʔkis	‘file, grate, scrape, shave’
kiʔkiʔ	kiʔkiʔ	‘bite (e.g. of insect), sting’
kolay	kolaj	‘top of palm or pawpaw tree’
kolombiʔ	kolombiʔ	‘large freshwater mollusc’
koʔkor	koʔkor	‘hole, dig with hands’
koʔkot	koʔkot	‘comb (hair), scratch’
koʔkoʔ	koʔkoʔ	‘hen, fowl’
kukuk	kukuk	‘crow (of rooster)’
kulat	kulat	‘mushroom, fungus’
kulintaŋ	kulintaŋ	‘xylophone (percussion instrument with series of wooden bars or metal cymbals)’
kumi	kumi	‘moustache, whiskers (e.g. of cat)’
k-um-urakura	k-um-urakura	‘whyʔ’
kurakura	kurakura	‘whyʔ’
kurambər	kurambər	‘thick’
kuraʔmbər	kuraʔmbər	‘thick’
kureʔ	kureʔ	‘earthen cooking pot’
kuse	kuse	‘cuscus’
kusu	kusu	‘rub, rub in, smear’
kutu	kutu	‘head louse’
kuʔuŋ	kuʔuŋ	‘tall grass sp.’; ‘Imperata cylindrica’
kədal	kədal	‘phlegm, spit out phlegm’
kəikəp	kəikəp	‘embrace, enclose, fold the arms’
kəiŋkəm	kəiŋkəm	‘cover the opening of something with hands’
kəkəw	kəkəw	‘carry in hand held against breast’
kəlar	kəlar	‘phlegm, spit out phlegm’
kələd	kələd	‘spit’
kələw	kələw	‘close with lit or top, put a lit on’
kəmbuʔ	kəmbuʔ	‘well up, bubble up (of water from ground)’
kəməs	kəməs	‘wring out, squeeze, wash clothes’
kəntəŋ	kəntəŋ	‘taut, tight (e.g. of rope)’
kəpəl	kəpəl	‘stick on, press on’
kəseʔ	kəseʔ	‘small freshwater fish with spiny back’
kəte	kəte	‘hard’
kəteʔ	kəteʔ	‘hard’
kətəp	kətəp	‘close together, without gaps (e.g. floor boards)’
kəwur	kəwur	‘turbid, muddy (of water)’
kəʔkəp	kəʔkəp	‘embrace, enclose, fold the arms’
kəʔkət	kəʔkət	‘nibble, gnaw’
kəʔmbuʔ	kəʔmbuʔ	‘well up, bubble up (of water from ground)’
lagar	laɡar	‘boar’
lagaʔ	laɡaʔ	‘large red ant which lives in trees’
lahad	lahad	‘itch’
lalan	lalan	‘road, pathway’
lalaŋ	lalaŋ	‘road, pathway’
laliʔd	laliʔd	‘plank used by priest or to sleep on, long shallow wooden tray’
laməʔd	laməʔd	‘swallow without chewing’
laŋit	laŋit	‘sky’
lanut	lanut	‘tough (of meat, fibres)’
lasac	lasatʃ	‘fruit sp.’; ‘Lancium domesticum’
laur	laur	‘sea, fish at sea’
lawa	lawa	‘lie in a direction not parallel to something else, lie across’
lawi	lawi	‘garden hut with earth floor’
laʔar	laʔar	‘causing itch, itch’
laʔd	laʔd	‘causing itch, itch’
laʔlir	laʔlir	‘plank used by priest or to sleep on, long shallow wooden tray’
laʔlər	laʔlər	‘fly’
lekaʔ	lekaʔ	‘bed bug’
lempar	lempar	‘drop, throw away, banish’
lener	lener	‘still, calm (of water)’
leno	leno	‘clean, pure (of water)’
leʔo	leʔo	‘hunger‘ .’
leʔom	leʔom	‘thirst’
likud	likud	‘back (of body), carry on the back’
likur	likur	‘back (of body), carry on the back’
lilaʔ	lilaʔ	‘tongue’
lima	lima	‘five’
limuʔmuʔ	limuʔmuʔ	‘rinse out mouth’
liŋkun	liŋkun	‘roll up, roll and smoke cigarette’
linsən	linsən	‘worm, wind, fold, crumple, wrinkle’
lintaʔ	lintaʔ	‘leech’
liput	liput	‘surround, encircle’
litək	litək	‘fine, small’
londey	londej	‘boat, canoe’
loŋon	loŋon	‘stupid, ignorant’
luaʔ	luaʔ	‘vomit’
lueʔ	lueʔ	‘tears, weep’
lukar	lukar	‘watchman, guard, keep watch’
lumut	lumut	‘moss’
lutaw	lutaw	‘gun, shoot’
lutuʔ	lutuʔ	‘meat cooked in bamboo’
ləbu	ləbu	‘torrent, flood, turbid, muddy’
ləbuh	ləbuh	‘turbid, stirred up’
ləkac	ləkatʃ	‘stubble, dried rice stalks’
ləkat	ləkat	‘disused field’
ləkəp	ləkəp	‘complete, finished’
ləmbo	ləmbo	‘rise, come up/out’
ləmbut	ləmbut	‘float upwards, protrude above surroundings’
ləmeʔ	ləmeʔ	‘soft, gentle, tender’
lənas	lənas	‘pure, clean’
ləŋey	ləŋej	‘poor, needy’
ləpət	ləpət	‘fold’
ləsuŋ	ləsuŋ	‘mortar (in which rice is pounded)’
ləsəm	ləsəm	‘suffocate, choke, drown’
lətok	lətok	‘snap, explode, burst, make cracking noise’
ləwu	ləwu	‘torrent, flood, turbid, muddy’
ləʔbuŋ	ləʔbuŋ	‘bamboo sprouts’
mamaʔ	mamaʔ	‘father (vocative)’
mataʔ	mataʔ	‘green (colour), unripe, raw’
meoŋ	meoŋ	‘cat’
muali	muali	‘happen, occur, become’
munte	munte	‘lemon, citrus’
nanam	nanam	‘taste, flavour’
naram	naram	‘tame’
nawuʔ	nawuʔ	‘fall (from height)’
naʔnaʔ	naʔnaʔ	‘pus, fester’
ŋaŋa	ŋaŋa	‘wide open (of mouth), agape, gape’
ŋaran	ŋaran	‘name’
ŋaʔŋaʔ	ŋaʔŋaʔ	‘chew, munch’
ŋilu	ŋilu	‘on edge (of teeth)’
ŋiluŋ	ŋiluŋ	‘nose’
ŋiruŋ	ŋiruŋ	‘nose’
ŋəru	ŋəru	‘smell of bad fish’
ŋərən	ŋərən	‘slow’
ni-rekoʔ-an i lalan	ni-rekoʔ-an i lalan	‘bend in the road’
niʔu	niʔu	‘winnowing basket’
o	o	‘and, with, (and) then’
obar	obar	‘untie, unravel’
ombal	ombal	‘shout, call out to’
opoʔ	opoʔ	‘grandparent, ancestor, lord (title)’
owak	owak	‘body’
owar	owar	‘untie, unravel’
owaʔ	owaʔ	‘body’
oʔat	oʔat	‘vein’
pagər	paɡər	‘fence, enclosure’
paku	paku	‘fern (general term)’
palar	palar	‘palm (of hand), sole (of foot)’
palaʔd	palaʔd	‘palm (of hand), sole (of foot)’
palaʔpa	palaʔpa	‘palm branch’
palelaʔan	palelaʔan	‘mad, crazy’
paliʔ	paliʔ	‘scar’
paluka	paluka	‘shoulder’
paŋa	paŋa	‘forked stem or branch’
paŋi	paŋi	‘tree with edible leaves and fruit’; ‘Pangium edule’
paŋkur	paŋkur	‘beat (with hard object)’
paras	paras	‘weed, clear land’
paria	paria	‘edible gourd’; ‘Momordica charantia’
parut	parut	‘sow seed, scatter’
pasək	pasək	‘put stick or post in ground’
pate	pate	‘die, kill’
patik	patik	‘write’
patiukan	patiukan	‘large bee sp.’
paʔa	paʔa	‘thigh’
paʔan	paʔan	‘bait, lure’
paʔat	paʔat	‘chisel’
pekoʔ	pekoʔ	‘fold, bend’
pelaʔ	pelaʔ	‘wound’
peraʔ	peraʔ	‘roe, fish eggs’
peret	peret	‘bat’
peʔos	peʔos	‘smear, spread (ointment), rub, massage’
pipi	pipi	‘cheek’
pira	pira	‘how muchʔ, how manyʔ’
pitu	pitu	‘seven’
piʔis	piʔis	‘very little, pinch, take a pinch with fingers’
piʔpit	piʔpit	‘blink (eyes)’
piʔpiʔ	piʔpiʔ	‘urine, urinate’
poikan	poikan	‘sea turtle’
pola	pola	‘sugarcane’
polo	polo	‘wake up, get up’
pondos	pondos	‘cane’
poŋkol	poŋkol	‘decapitate’
popolas	popolas	‘spleen’
poʔot	poʔot	‘bag, sack, belly’
pukət	pukət	‘net for catching fish or animals’
pulut	pulut	‘plant gum, bird lime, glue’
puluʔ	puluʔ	‘decimal unit (tens)’
punti	punti	‘banana’
pupus	pupus	‘skewer, spit, pierce with skewer’
pusuʔ	pusuʔ	‘heart, blossom (of palm, banana)’
pusər	pusər	‘navel’
pusəʔd	pusəʔd	‘navel’
puʔus	puʔus	‘wring, twist’
pəkuʔ	pəkuʔ	‘broken, snapped’
pəla	pəla	‘dry’
pənaʔd	pənaʔd	‘buttocks, backside’
pəndam	pəndam	‘feel, touch’
pəntuʔ	pəntuʔ	‘bitter (of taste)’
pəra	pəra	‘dry’
pəsut	pəsut	‘narrow, tight, press, squeeze, squeeze out’
pəsəl	pəsəl	‘empty, without contents (of fruit, grain), barren’
pəsəl	pəsəl	‘squeeze, knead, massage’
pətik	pətik	‘flick off/away (with fingers)’
pətik	pətik	‘heartbeat, beat (of heart)’
pəʔnar	pəʔnar	‘buttocks, backside’
raindaŋ	raindaŋ	‘red’
raki	raki	‘grime, dirt on body’
rakut	rakut	‘tie firmly (e.g. something packed in carrying bag), bind, carry something packed’
rama	rama	‘resin, tree from which resin is obtained’
ramaʔ	ramaʔ	‘resin, tree from which resin is obtained’
rambus	rambus	‘pull hard, snatch (from someone)’
raməs	raməs	‘sap, fluid, wet, damp’
rano	rano	‘water, river’
rantoŋ	rantoŋ	‘hang (execute)’
raran	raran	‘ladder, stairs’
raraŋ	raraŋ	‘warm by fire, roast’
rate	rate	‘cold, ague’
rayo	rajo	‘praise’
raʔami	raʔami	‘dry rice stalks, straw’
raʔan	raʔan	‘old, rice, corn etc. left over from a previous year’
raʔas	raʔas	‘pound (rice, sago etc.)’
raʔdan	raʔdan	‘ladder, stairs’
raʔdap	raʔdap	‘tree’; ‘Erythrina indica’
raʔndap	raʔndap	‘tree’; ‘Erythrina indica’
rentek	rentek	‘work metal, forge’
reʔom	reʔom	‘thirst’
ridiʔ	ridiʔ	‘boil (food)’
rimat	rimat	‘dense, close together’
rintək	rintək	‘fine, small’
riri	riri	‘yellow, pale, wan’
riwu	riwu	‘thousand’
riʔndip	riʔndip	‘cut off, cut through’
riʔndiʔ	riʔndiʔ	‘boil (food)’
riʔrip	riʔrip	‘cut off, cut through’
rokoʔ	rokoʔ	‘cloth, material’
rondor	rondor	‘straight’
rorag	roraɡ	‘hollow, hole in tree’
roʔaŋ	roʔaŋ	‘add to, increase’
rua	rua	‘two’
rukut	rukut	‘grass’
rumun	rumun	‘nest, lair, sit on ground’
rupu	rupu	‘smallpox’
ruyuŋ	rujuŋ	‘dugong’
ruʔi	ruʔi	‘bone’
ruʔu	ruʔu	‘corner, angle’
rəgəs	rəɡəs	‘wind, blow (of wind)’
rəindəm	rəindəm	‘black, dark’
rəkat	rəkat	‘disused field’
rənet	rənet	‘long, stretch’
rəŋan	rəŋan	‘do together or at the same time, of the same age’
rəŋan	rəŋan	‘of the same age’
rəŋis	rəŋis	‘burn’
rəpa	rəpa	‘fathom, span of arms out-stretched’
rəpət	rəpət	‘hard, intense (e.g. of wind, rain), severe (of illness)’
rəwuŋ	rəwuŋ	‘bamboo sprouts’
sa	sa	‘if, when’
saka	saka	‘fight (of cocks), stage cockfight’
sake	sake	‘ride, mount, board’
sakey	sakej	‘guest’
sakit	sakit	‘evil spirit which causes sickness’
sala	sala	‘put up in a higher place (e.g. on a rack)’
salaʔ	salaʔ	‘fine, penalty (for doing wrong)’
salaʔsak	salaʔsak	‘rib(s)’
saleisak	saleisak	‘rib(s)’
saleʔ	saleʔ	‘floor’
salu	salu	‘gutter, water channel’
samək	samək	‘dirty, unclean’
saput	saput	‘wrap, wrap up’
saru	saru	‘front, in front of, face’
sawur	sawur	‘spread, scatter’
saʔap	saʔap	‘scoop, ladle’
saʔo	saʔo	‘dew’
saʔut	saʔut	‘stem of young banana tree (eaten as vegetable)’
seaʔ	seaʔ	‘wrong, deviate, branch off’
seila	seila	‘they’
seisəp	seisəp	‘suck’
sekeʔ	sekeʔ	‘fight, do battle with’
seleŋ	seleŋ	‘avert the face, look around’
seŋkot	seŋkot	‘sail’
sepəʔd	sepəʔd	‘dyke, dam, dam up, block’
sera	sera	‘they’
sey	sej	‘whoʔ’
seʔe	seʔe	‘shoot, sprout (from ground)’
seʔer	seʔer	‘cling to each other, grow together’
seʔseʔ	seʔseʔ	‘push, shove, push out/away’
si	si	‘definite noun and personal noun marker’
sia	sia	‘third person singular pronoun’
siaʔ	siaʔ	‘throw away’
siku	siku	‘elbow’
sikəp	sikəp	‘kind of hawk, snatch, seize’
sila	sila	‘they’
siliʔ	siliʔ	‘slope, incline, bank’
sinaʔ	sinaʔ	‘pale, pallid’
sinaʔi	sinaʔi	‘intestines, belly’
siow	siow	‘nine’
sipuʔ	sipuʔ	‘toothless, fall out (of teeth), pull out, pluck (fruit)’
siriʔ	siriʔ	‘slope, bank, side (e.g. of house)’
siriʔ	siriʔ	‘slope, incline, bank’
sisi	sisi	‘chicken (baby fowl)’
siwo	siwo	‘cook’
siʔsik	siʔsik	‘small beetle which bores in wood and crops’
sompoy	sompoj	‘pouch, bag’
sondaŋ	sondaŋ	‘chopper’
sowa	sowa	‘large snake sp.’
sowat	sowat	‘answer, reply’
soʔsok	soʔsok	‘eat, bite at food (of pig, dog)’
sula	sula	‘sharp bamboo spikes planted in ground to catch pigs’
suliŋ	suliŋ	‘play the flute’
suliʔ	suliʔ	‘take revenge’
sulu	sulu	‘claw, nail (of finger or toe)’
suluʔ	suluʔ	‘torch, moonlight’
sumbeŋ	sumbeŋ	‘jagged, chipped’
suŋe	suŋe	‘horn (of animal)’
supiʔ	supiʔ	‘rheumatism’
supu	supu	‘boundary, border’
surat	surat	‘plant .’
susu	susu	‘breast’
susu	susu	‘prick (with something small)’
susud	susud	‘each, every, every time’
susur	susur	‘each, every, every time’
susut	susut	‘near, approach’
susuy	susuj	‘teach, instruct, indicate’
sədaʔ	sədaʔ	‘fish, eat meat’
səinsən	səinsən	‘full, crammed full’
sələt	sələt	‘insert (between two things)’
səmud	səmud	‘mouth’
səmur	səmur	‘snout, muzzle’
səmuʔd	səmuʔd	‘snout, muzzle’
səndi	səndi	‘exterior, outskirts, go to such a place to relieve oneself’
səŋo	səŋo	‘blow’
səŋət	səŋət	‘small, light brown ant that bites fiercely’
səpaʔ	səpaʔ	‘noise of smacking lips while eating, make such a noise while eating’
səpeʔ	səpeʔ	‘slap with open hand’
səpun	səpun	‘nasal mucus’
səraʔ	səraʔ	‘fish, eat meat’
sərəm	sərəm	‘ant’
sərəp	sərəp	‘penetrate’
səwu	səwu	‘boil over (of water), put something hot in water (e.g. hot iron to harden it)’
səʔbu	səʔbu	‘boil over (of water), put something hot in water (e.g. hot iron to harden it)’
səʔsəp	səʔsəp	‘suck’
ta-hula	ta-hula	‘how muchʔ’
takura	takura	‘how muchʔ’
talaʔtaʔ	talaʔtaʔ	‘skin disease causing pale patches on body’
tali	tali	‘rope, string’
talikur	talikur	‘turn the back (on someone), part, separate’
talo	talo	‘cowardly, timid’
talun	talun	‘forest’
tambəlaŋ	tambəlaŋ	‘kind of bamboo’
tanaʔ	tanaʔ	‘land, soil, ground’
tanəm	tanəm	‘plant’
tare	tare	‘newly, just, now’
tarəm	tarəm	‘sharp (of point)’
tawaŋ	tawaŋ	‘help’
tawaʔ	tawaʔ	‘fat (on animal body)’
tawaʔaŋ	tawaʔaŋ	‘kind of shrub’; ‘Cordyline sp. planted as boundary hedge and near graves’
taʔan	taʔan	‘snare, set a snare’
taʔap	taʔap	‘winnow’
taʔas	taʔas	‘heartwood’
taʔi	taʔi	‘faeces, dregs’
taʔsik	taʔsik	‘sea’
taʔtak	taʔtak	‘chop down/through, fell’
taʔun	taʔun	‘year’
teger	teɡer	‘punt, push boat with pole’
teŋkor	teŋkor	‘beat (drum, gong etc.) with stick’
tete	tete	‘bridge’
teʔep	teʔep	‘tree sp.’; ‘Artocarpus blumei’
tiaʔ	tiaʔ	‘throw away’
tiey	tiej	‘call for pigs’
timboy	timboj	‘hold, grip’
timu	timu	‘south, south wind’
tinaʔ	tinaʔ	‘pale, pallid’
tinaʔi	tinaʔi	‘intestines, belly’
tintiŋ	tintiŋ	‘clang, ring (noise), produce such a sound’
tipuʔ	tipuʔ	‘toothless, fall out (of teeth), pull out, pluck (fruit)’
tiwaʔ	tiwaʔ	‘oath, swear an oath’
tiwoʔo	tiwoʔo	‘reed sp. (Miscanthus japonicus’
tiən	tiən	‘pregnant’
tiʔis	tiʔis	‘calf (of leg)’
tiʔis	tiʔis	‘drip, leak’
toitok	toitok	‘chop up finely’
toŋkoʔ	toŋkoʔ	‘peck (of bird), snap (of snake, crocodile)’
tonton	tonton	‘lower, let down’
tow	tow	‘person, born, live, grow’
towa	towa	‘call, call to, summon’
towaʔ	towaʔ	‘call, call to, summon’
towo	towo	‘liar, cheat, lie, deceive’
toʔd	toʔd	‘stand up, get up, put up, erect’
toʔor	toʔor	‘stand up, get up, put up, erect’
toʔtok	toʔtok	‘chop up finely’
tuama	tuama	‘man, male’
tuari	tuari	‘younger sibling’
tuma	tuma	‘clothes louse’
tumiʔd	tumiʔd	‘heel’
tumpa	tumpa	‘descend, alight’
tunduʔ	tunduʔ	‘be/become erect’
tunu	tunu	‘burn, bake, roast’
turaʔ	turaʔ	‘strike, stab with lance’
turuʔ	turuʔ	‘point to, show, indicate’
tutuŋ	tutuŋ	‘kindle, light (fire, lamp), set alight’
tuwa	tuwa	‘plant whose leaves are used to stun fish’
tuʔa	tuʔa	‘old’
tuʔd	tuʔd	‘stump of chopped down tree’
tuʔmir	tuʔmir	‘heel’
tuʔu	tuʔu	‘indeed, really, truly’
tuʔun	tuʔun	‘place cooking pot on fire’
tuʔur	tuʔur	‘stump of chopped down tree’
təbəl	təbəl	‘sharp (of blade)’
təintəŋ	təintəŋ	‘look at, stare at’
təkəl	təkəl	‘sleep’
təlu	təlu	‘three’
tələs	tələs	‘value, price, buy’
tələw	tələw	‘sharp (of blade)’
təmbir	təmbir	‘edge, side, bank’
təmpok	təmpok	‘tip, point, extremity, end’
təna	təna	‘hit, strike (e.g. with stone)’
təndək	təndək	‘post, piece of bamboo or wood stuck in the ground as a boundary sign’
təŋaʔ	təŋaʔ	‘areca palm’; ‘Areca catechu and nut, chew betel’
təpe	təpe	‘mat’
təpeʔ	təpeʔ	‘mat’
təpəs	təpəs	‘suck, suck out’
təruŋ	təruŋ	‘simple hut or shelter in fields’
təwaʔ	təwaʔ	‘slash, cut with sharpened bamboo’
ualu	ualu	‘eight’
uaŋ	uaŋ	‘grey hair’
uaŋ	uaŋ	‘howl, yelp (of dog)’
uasey	uasej	‘iron’
uaʔ	uaʔ	‘slice open, disembowel’
ue	ue	‘large rattan sort’
ukur	ukur	‘preordained time to die, luck, fate, destiny’
ulit	ulit	‘true, correct, real’
ulud	ulud	‘resemble, copy, imitate’
ulun	ulun	‘rest of the head (e.g. on pillow)’
ulur	ulur	‘resemble, copy, imitate’
uma	uma	‘(dry) cultivated field, gardens’
undam	undam	‘medicine’
untap	untap	‘blow with bellows’
untəp	untəp	‘inside, interior, enter’
unəd	unəd	‘middle, centre’
unər	unər	‘middle, centre’
upuʔ	upuʔ	‘pick (rice), reap, harvest’
uran	uran	‘rain’
usuy	usuj	‘seek, look for’
uwan	uwan	‘grey hair’
uwi	uwi	‘edible tuber’
waer	waer	‘pay’
waeʔ	waeʔ	‘glandular swelling on the neck, scrofula’
waiʔ	waiʔ	‘hard outer wood of palm trees, digging implement made from this wood’
wakul	wakul	‘small shallow basket’
walaʔan	walaʔan	‘cucumber’
wale	wale	‘house’
walelaŋ	walelaŋ	‘sulphur’
wali	wali	‘accompany, escort, lead’
walian	walian	‘priestess’
walina	walina	‘other’
walu	walu	‘eight’
walulaŋ	walulaŋ	‘callus, thick hide of various animals’
walun	walun	‘provisions for journey’
waluŋ	waluŋ	‘provisions for journey’
waluy	waluj	‘transform, change (shape etc.)’
waŋ	waŋ	‘grey hair’
waŋeʔ	waŋeʔ	‘soft, tender (from beating), faded, withered’
waŋkoʔ	waŋkoʔ	‘big’
waŋun	waŋun	‘beautiful, excellent’
wantaŋ	wantaŋ	‘large basket for storing rice’
wantoʔ	wantoʔ	‘childless, infertile’
warat	warat	‘at an angle, slanting’
wareŋ	wareŋ	‘return, go back, take back’
waruga	waruɡa	‘stone tomb in the shape of a house’
wataʔ	wataʔ	‘young, fresh, strong’
watu	watu	‘stone’
watuna	watuna	‘seed, pit (of fruit)’
wauʔb	wauʔb	‘feed animals’
wauʔmb	wauʔmb	‘feed animals’
wawaʔ	wawaʔ	‘below, under’
wawi	wawi	‘pig’
wawo	wawo	‘above, over’
waya	waja	‘all’
waya	waja	‘release, set free’
wayaŋ	wajaŋ	‘row (with fixed oars)’
wayoŋ	wajoŋ	‘swing, dangle’
waʔa	waʔa	‘live coals, embers’
waʔan	waʔan	‘sneeze’
waʔaŋ	waʔaŋ	‘tooth’
waʔat	waʔat	‘pregnant’
waʔbaʔ	waʔbaʔ	‘mouth’
waʔkəs	waʔkəs	‘tie up, bind’
waʔmbaʔ	waʔmbaʔ	‘mouth’
waʔtaŋ	waʔtaŋ	‘log’
weneʔ	weneʔ	‘rice in husk (in field or harvested)’
wewene	wewene	‘woman, female’
wewey	wewej	‘carry by hand with the load hanging down’
weywey	wejwej	‘carry by hand with the load hanging down’
weʔ	weʔ	‘give, put, place’
weʔe	weʔe	‘give, put, place’
wiaʔi	wiaʔi	‘here’
wiliŋ	wiliŋ	‘twist someone’
wilit	wilit	‘sew’
wintiʔ	wintiʔ	‘kick person’
wiwi	wiwi	‘lip(s)’
wiwiʔ	wiwiʔ	‘lip(s)’
wiʔis	wiʔis	‘tick (on cattle and other animals)’
wo	wo	‘and, with, (and) then’
wolo	wolo	‘light coloured, silvery-white’
wow	wow	‘smell’
wowoʔ	wowoʔ	‘dumb, mute’
wuaʔ	wuaʔ	‘fruit, areca nut, bear fruit’
wue	wue	‘rice in husk’
wukaʔ	wukaʔ	‘open’
wuku	wuku	‘joint, knuckle, knot’
wuliŋ	wuliŋ	‘black’
wuliŋaʔ	wuliŋaʔ	‘egg’
wuluʔd	wuluʔd	‘thin bamboo sp. with great distance between joints’
wuni	wuni	‘room (of house), hide, conceal’
wunoŋ	wunoŋ	‘pool, puddle’
wunuʔ	wunuʔ	‘practice black magic with intention to kill’
wuriŋ	wuriŋ	‘black’
wuruk	wuruk	‘bad, rotten’
wusəŋ	wusəŋ	‘plug, stopper’
wuta	wuta	‘full’
wuwu	wuwu	‘fish trap’
wuwuŋ-an	wuwuŋ-an	‘ridge of roof’
wuʔbuʔ	wuʔbuʔ	‘hole’
wuʔmbul	wuʔmbul	‘pubic hair’
wuʔmbur	wuʔmbur	‘draw (copper or iron) wire’
wuʔmbur	wuʔmbur	‘strew, scatter, sow’
wuʔmbuʔ	wuʔmbuʔ	‘hole’
wuʔuk	wuʔuk	‘hair’
wəlar	wəlar	‘spread out (to dry)’
wəlaʔd	wəlaʔd	‘spread out (to dry)’
wələŋ	wələŋ	‘eye’
wənaŋ	wənaŋ	‘debt’
wəndu	wəndu	‘trouble, distress, worry, hard work’
wəŋi	wəŋi	‘night, dark’
wəŋkow	wəŋkow	‘spear, lance’
wəŋəl	wəŋəl	‘deaf’
wəroy	wəroj	‘long (of garment)’
wəru	wəru	‘new’
wərən	wərən	‘eye’
wəsa	wəsa	‘split, crack’
wəsiʔ	wəsiʔ	‘burst (of roasting corn), bake corn in ashes’
wəsu	wəsu	‘satisfied, full (from eating)’
wətiʔ	wətiʔ	‘burst (of roasting corn), bake corn in ashes’
wəʔmbək	wəʔmbək	‘pound, crush’
wəʔmbər	wəʔmbər	‘band, ribbon, bind, entwine, tie around’
ələp	ələp	‘drink’
ələt	ələt	‘rarely, between, put between’
əmbəl	əmbəl	‘rattan sp.’
əmbət	əmbət	‘gird, wrap round belly’
ənteʔ	ənteʔ	‘strong, forceful’
əntoʔ	əntoʔ	‘long (of time), wait, rest, live (in a place)’
əntut	əntut	‘fart’
ənəm	ənəm	‘six, day, sun’
əpat	əpat	‘four’
əpeʔ	əpeʔ	‘taste, try, test, sample’
əram	əram	‘lease (land), rent’
ərut	ərut	‘thunder, rumble (of thunder)’
əsa	əsa	‘one’
əsi	əsi	‘dry up (of river or pond), dry, waterless’
əsəm	əsəm	‘sour’
əta	əta	‘bran, chaff’
əti	əti	‘dry up (of river or pond), dry, waterless’
ətuŋ	ətuŋ	‘lose balance, lean over, tilt’

OUTOFPAPUA database: Lexicons of the West Papuan language area

Sneddon (1978f): Tontemboan

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