Source entries: Sneddon (1978d)

Sneddon (1978d): Tonsea

Original citation: Sneddon, J. N. 1978. Proto-Minahasan: Phonology, morphology and wordlist. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.

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Total entries: 724

Headword	IPA	Glosses
abak	abak	‘body’
abu	abu	‘ash, dust’
ade	ade	‘jaw’
adiʔ	adiʔ	‘sheet or mat on which to sit or lie’
aga	aɡa	‘tree sp.’; ‘Pterocarpus indicus’
akad	akad	‘until, the extent that’
akid	akid	‘scoop out rice from pot’
aku	aku	‘I’
akəl	akəl	‘sugar palm’; ‘Arenga saccharifera’
aliʔi	aliʔi	‘house post’
aləd	aləd	‘support, prop up’
aləŋ	aləŋ	‘soot, black stain from smoke’
amaʔ	amaʔ	‘father (vocative)’
amaʔ	amaʔ	‘father’
amian	amian	‘north, north wind’
ampit	ampit	‘take with one’
amut	amut	‘root’
anak	anak	‘child of someone, offspring’
anaʔ	anaʔ	‘child of someone, offspring’
aŋe	aŋe	‘go’
antaŋ	antaŋ	‘rise (of sun)’
anu	anu	‘someone/something or other’
api	api	‘fire’
apu	apu	‘finished, used up, finish off, use up’
apuu	apuu	‘lime’
apədu	apədu	‘bile, gall’
aril	aril	‘house post’
arəŋ	arəŋ	‘soot, black stain from smoke’
asaŋ	asaŋ	‘gills (of fish)’
asaʔ	asaʔ	‘whet, grind sharp’
asin	asin	‘salt’
asu	asu	‘dog’
asuu	asuu	‘draw water, scoop up water’
asuʔ	asuʔ	‘draw water, scoop up water’
asəŋ	asəŋ	‘breath, breathe’
ata	ata	‘slave’
atas	atas	‘above, on (top)’
ate	ate	‘liver’
atus	atus	‘hundred’
atəd	atəd	‘transport, convey’
atəp	atəp	‘roof, roofing (thatch)’
awəs	awəs	‘enough, increase, add to’
ay	aj	‘come’
ayaa	ajaa	‘bright, morning light’
ayam	ajam	‘plait, weave’
aʔdan	aʔdan	‘ladder, stairs’
aʔsəŋ	aʔsəŋ	‘gills (of fish)’
baa	baa	‘live coals, embers’
baas	baas	‘husked rice’
babaʔ	babaʔ	‘below, under’
babi	babi	‘pig’
babo	babo	‘above, over’
badi	badi	‘accompany, escort, lead’
badian	badian	‘(pagan) priest, shaman’
badina	badina	‘other’
baduy	baduj	‘transform, change (shape etc.)’
baer	baer	‘pay’
baiʔ	baiʔ	‘hard outer wood of palm trees’
bakud	bakud	‘bird snare’
bale	bale	‘house’
balelaŋ	balelaŋ	‘sulphur’
balulaŋ	balulaŋ	‘scar (of wound)’
balun	balun	‘provisions for journey’
baŋee	baŋee	‘smell or taste bad (of food left too long)’
baŋkoʔ	baŋkoʔ	‘big’
baŋun	baŋun	‘beautiful, excellent’
bantoʔ	bantoʔ	‘childless, infertile’
banua	banua	‘village’
barat	barat	‘at an angle, slanting’
bareŋ	bareŋ	‘curved, arched’
baruga	baruɡa	‘stone tomb in the shape of a house’
baruh	baruh	‘tall, slender palm sp. which yields sago’
baruk	baruk	‘tinder, flammable powder obtained from palm branches’
bataʔ	bataʔ	‘young of tree, person’
batu	batu	‘stone’
batuna	batuna	‘seed, pit (of fruit)’
bauʔ	bauʔ	‘gravy, sauce, moisten food with gravy’
baya	baja	‘all’
baya	baja	‘permit, allow, release’
bayaŋ	bajaŋ	‘row (with fixed oars)’
bayoŋ	bajoŋ	‘swing, dangle’
baʔan	baʔan	‘sneeze’
baʔaŋ	baʔaŋ	‘tooth, tortoise’
baʔkəs	baʔkəs	‘tie up, bind’
bee	bee	‘give, put, place’
beneʔ	beneʔ	‘rice in husk (in field or harvested)’
beybey	bejbej	‘hang in tatters’
bibii	bibii	‘lip(s)’
bibit	bibit	‘lift/carry by rope’
bidiŋ	bidiŋ	‘turn over, turn around’
bilit	bilit	‘sew’
biŋi	biŋi	‘slanting, sloping’
biŋkuŋ	biŋkuŋ	‘mattock’
bintiʔ	bintiʔ	‘kick person’
bisa	bisa	‘whichʔ, whereʔ’
bitiʔ	bitiʔ	‘kick’
biʔai	biʔai	‘here’
biʔis	biʔis	‘tick (on cattle and other animals)’
boboʔ	boboʔ	‘dumb, mute’
bokbok	bokbok	‘hole (e.g. in ground)’
bolo	bolo	‘reddish’
boo	boo	‘chase away, drive off’
bou	bou	‘smell’
buaʔ	buaʔ	‘areca nut, fruit’
buaʔ	buaʔ	‘fruit’
buaʔ-na	buaʔ-na	‘fruit’
bubu	bubu	‘fish trap’
bubuŋ-an	bubuŋ-an	‘ridge of roof’
budbud	budbud	‘feather, fur, body hair’
budbud	budbud	‘sprinkle with fingertips’
buduʔ	buduʔ	‘thin bamboo sp. with great distance between joints’
bue-na	bue-na	‘ear of rice’
buka	buka	‘open’
bukbuk	bukbuk	‘wood borer’
buku	buku	‘joint, knuckle, knot’
buŋaŋ	buŋaŋ	‘flower’
buni	buni	‘hide, conceal, put away’
bunoŋ	bunoŋ	‘pool, puddle’
bunuʔ	bunuʔ	‘kill’
bureŋa	bureŋa	‘almost fully-developed eggs in overies’
buri	buri	‘return, go back’
buriŋ	buriŋ	‘charcoal’
buruk	buruk	‘bad, rotten’
busbus	busbus	‘pour out, empty out (a container)’
butbut	butbut	‘pull out, pluck out’
buʔuk	buʔuk	‘hair’
bəbene	bəbene	‘woman, female’
bəlaa	bəlaa	‘floor’
bəlaan	bəlaan	‘cucumber’
bəlad	bəlad	‘spread out (to dry)’
bənaŋ	bənaŋ	‘debt’
bəndu	bəndu	‘trouble, distress, worry, hard work’
bəŋi	bəŋi	‘night, dark’
bəŋkow	bəŋkow	‘spear, lance’
bəroy	bəroj	‘hang down’
bəru	bəru	‘new’
bərən	bərən	‘eye’
bəsaa	bəsaa	‘split, crack’
bəsuu	bəsuu	‘satisfied, full (from eating)’
bətiʔ	bətiʔ	‘burst (of roasting corn), bake corn in ashes’
bətiʔis	bətiʔis	‘calf (of leg)’
bəʔŋəl	bəʔŋəl	‘stupid’
daad	daad	‘itch, fibres on plants which cause itching’
daas	daas	‘secondary pounding of rice (after winnowing)’
daaʔ	daaʔ	‘blood’
dabaa	dabaa	‘lie transverse, across’
dadid	dadid	‘platform on which the shaman dances’
dagad	daɡad	‘boar’
dahum	dahum	‘sew (general term), plait thatch’
daki	daki	‘grime, dirt on body’
dalid	dalid	‘long shallow wooden tray, trough’
damaa	damaa	‘resin, tree from which resin is obtained’
dana	dana	‘oil’
daŋit	daŋit	‘sky’
dano	dano	‘melt, dissolve’
dansot	dansot	‘fruit sp.’; ‘Lancium domesticum’
danut	danut	‘tough (of meat, fibres)’
dapdap	dapdap	‘tree sp.’
dataa	dataa	‘even, level, plain, level land’
date	date	‘cold’
daum	daum	‘sew or plait thatch for roofing’
daʔan	daʔan	‘rice left from the previous year’
dede	dede	‘palm leaf rib’
deeʔ	deeʔ	‘neck’
dekaʔ	dekaʔ	‘bed bug’
dened	dened	‘still, calm (of water)’
deno	deno	‘clean, pure (of water)’
deno	deno	‘shadow, reflection’
deʔad	deʔad	‘lean backwards (e.g. to look up)’
didaʔ	didaʔ	‘tongue’
didəm	didəm	‘black’
dikud	dikud	‘carry on the back’
dima	dima	‘five’
dimumu	dimumu	‘rinse out mouth’
diŋkun	diŋkun	‘roll, roll up’
dinsən	dinsən	‘fold, wrinkle’
dintaʔ	dintaʔ	‘leech’
dipdip	dipdip	‘cut off, cut through’
diput	diput	‘around, go around, circle (something)’
doaŋ	doaŋ	‘wide, spacious’
dondey	dondej	‘boat, canoe’
doum	doum	‘sew or plait thatch for roofing’
douʔ	douʔ	‘far, distant’
dua	dua	‘two’
duaʔ	duaʔ	‘vomit’
dudaʔ	dudaʔ	‘spit’
dudud	dudud	‘shin’
dueʔ	dueʔ	‘tears, weep’
dui	dui	‘bone’
dukad	dukad	‘watchman, guard, keep watch’
dukut	dukut	‘grass’
dumut	dumut	‘moss’
duniʔ	duniʔ	‘rainbow’
dunək	dunək	‘soft’
dutuʔ	dutuʔ	‘cook’
duu	duu	‘corner, angle’
duyuŋ	dujuŋ	‘kind of river fish’
dəbuu	dəbuu	‘flood’
dəbəŋ	dəbəŋ	‘bury’
dəkdək	dəkdək	‘pound rice for the final time’
dəmbo	dəmbo	‘rise to surface, float on surface’
dəmbut	dəmbut	‘bulge, swelling, swell, bulge out’
dəmeʔ	dəmeʔ	‘soft, gentle, tender’
dəŋən	dəŋən	‘arm (including hand)’
dənəd	dənəd	‘sink, put in water’
dəpa	dəpa	‘fathom, span of arms out-stretched’
dəpət	dəpət	‘fold’
dəseʔa	dəseʔa	‘nit, louse egg’
ebee	ebee	‘desire, crave, saliva, slaver, salivate’
edoʔ	edoʔ	‘earthquake’
ehe	ehe	‘give’
endo	endo	‘take, get, fetch’
eret	eret	‘bind up’
eweʔ	eweʔ	‘desire, crave, saliva, slaver, salivate’
eye	eje	‘come’
garot	ɡarot	‘streak, stratch, line’
geygey	ɡejɡej	‘lift up, raise’
gio	ɡio	‘face’
gogar	ɡoɡar	‘break up, demolish’
gorit	ɡorit	‘saw’
gorit	ɡorit	‘scrape’
gərgər	ɡərɡər	‘shiver, tremble’
iap	iap	‘count’
iaʔi	iaʔi	‘this’
idaa	idaa	‘mole (on body)’
ikət	ikət	‘hang up on rope’
impit	impit	‘carry under arm’
inaʔ	inaʔ	‘mother’
inaʔ	inaʔ	‘reduce, decrease, make less’
iŋkot	iŋkot	‘riddle’
ipag	ipaɡ	‘brother/sister-in-law’
ipi	ipi	‘dream’
ipus	ipus	‘tail’
ipəs	ipəs	‘kind of small cockroach’
itoʔ	itoʔ	‘uncle’
kaabiʔi	kaabiʔi	‘yesterday’
kaaŋ	kaaŋ	‘scab (on wound)’
kaat	kaat	‘snatch away, seize, wrest’
kabal	kabal	‘invulnerale’
kabisa	kabisa	‘whenʔ’
kadi	kadi	‘gutter, ditch’
kalebkeb	kalebkeb	‘flap wings’
kalipoʔpoʔan	kalipoʔpoʔan	‘butterfly’
kamo	kamo	‘you (plural)’
kampet	kampet	‘grip, clutch for support (e.g. railing)’
kamu	kamu	‘you (plural)’
kan	kan	‘rice, eat’
kantoŋ	kantoŋ	‘large, fat, castrated pig’
kapey	kapej	‘wave, beckon with hand’
karaʔkaʔ	karaʔkaʔ	‘boil (of water)’
karkar	karkar	‘scratch (in ground, e.g. of fowls)’
karot	karot	‘scrape, scratch (with fingernails)’
karut	karut	‘scrape off/out, scoop out, scratch out’
karətkət	karətkət	‘gnaw, grind teeth’
kasidi	kasidi	‘sel’
kaskas	kaskas	‘scratch in ground or leaves (e.g. of chicken)’
kaso	kaso	‘rafters’
kayoŋ	kajoŋ	‘crab’
kayoʔ	kajoʔ	‘stir, mix’
kayu	kaju	‘wood, tree’
kaʔawiʔ	kaʔawiʔ	‘yesterday’
kaʔis	kaʔis	‘streak, line, make streaks’
keet	keet	‘tap sugar palm’
kendoŋ	kendoŋ	‘make rope by spinning palm fibres’
kentoʔ	kentoʔ	‘lame, limp’
keret	keret	‘shout, cry out’
keʔkeʔ	keʔkeʔ	‘laugh’
keʔod	keʔod	‘lame, crippled because of deformity’
kideʔ	kideʔ	‘tickle’
kima	kima	‘giant clam’
kirkir	kirkir	‘stingy, thrifty’
kisiʔ	kisiʔ	‘torn, tear’
kiskis	kiskis	‘file, grate, scrape, shave’
kita	kita	‘we (inclusive)’
kiuʔ	kiuʔ	‘have sexual intercourse’
kiʔit	kiʔit	‘follow’
kiʔit	kiʔit	‘small gnat’
kolay	kolaj	‘taro’
kolintaŋ	kolintaŋ	‘xylophone (percussion instrument with series of wooden bars or metal cymbals)’
kolombiʔ	kolombiʔ	‘large freshwater mollusc’
korkor	korkor	‘scratch (e.g. when itchy)’
kotkot	kotkot	‘brush lightly with fingers to attract attention’
koʔkoʔ	koʔkoʔ	‘hen, fowl’
kudat	kudat	‘mushroom, fungus’
kudit	kudit	‘skin, bark’
kukuk	kukuk	‘crow (of rooster)’
kulit	kulit	‘skin’
kumi	kumi	‘moustache’
k-um-urakura	k-um-urakura	‘whyʔ’
kura	kura	‘do something, act, howʔ’
kurakura	kurakura	‘whyʔ’
kurambər	kurambər	‘thick’
kureʔ	kureʔ	‘earthen cooking pot’
kuse	kuse	‘cuscus’
kusu	kusu	‘rub (eyes), scrub’
kutu	kutu	‘head louse’
kuun	kuun	‘tall grass sp.’; ‘Imperata cylindrica’
kəbkəb	kəbkəb	‘cover (e.g. with basket, cloth)’
kəbur	kəbur	‘turbid, muddy (of water)’
kədut	kədut	‘pinch (with fingertips), pluck off, nip off with fingernails’
kəikəp	kəikəp	‘embrace, enclose, fold the arms’
kəkəniŋ	kəkəniŋ	‘eyebrow’
kəkəw	kəkəw	‘carry in hand held against breast’
kəlasey	kəlasej	‘fish trap of bamboo lattice work’
kələb	kələb	‘close with lit or top, put a lit on’
kəmbuʔ	kəmbuʔ	‘well up, bubble up (of water from ground)’
kəmkəm	kəmkəm	‘cover (e.g. eyes, mouth) with hands, hold in closed hand, handful’
kəməs	kəməs	‘wash clothes’
kəntəŋ	kəntəŋ	‘taut, tight (e.g. of rope)’
kəpkəp	kəpkəp	‘cover, embrace, hold to one in arms’
kəpəl	kəpəl	‘stick on, press on’
kəsaa	kəsaa	‘swell, become thich and hard’
kəseʔ	kəseʔ	‘small freshwater fish with spiny back’
kətare	kətare	‘first’
kətee	kətee	‘hard’
kəteʔ	kəteʔ	‘hard’
kətkət	kətkət	‘nibble, gnaw’
kətəp	kətəp	‘close together, without gaps (e.g. floor boards)’
kəʔkəp	kəʔkəp	‘embrace, enclose, fold the arms’
kəʔmbuʔ	kəʔmbuʔ	‘well up, bubble up (of water from ground)’
labii	labii	‘rice shack’
lagaʔ	laɡaʔ	‘large red ant which lives in trees’
lahad	lahad	‘itch’
lalan	lalan	‘road, pathway’
lalaŋ	lalaŋ	‘road, pathway’
laliʔd	laliʔd	‘plank used by priest or to sleep on, long shallow wooden tray’
laləd	laləd	‘fly’
laləm	laləm	‘inside’
laʔar	laʔar	‘causing itch, itch’
laʔd	laʔd	‘causing itch, itch’
laʔlir	laʔlir	‘plank used by priest or to sleep on, long shallow wooden tray’
lebes	lebes	‘flow, pour out’
lempad	lempad	‘fly away, blow away’
leʔo	leʔo	‘hunger‘ .’
leʔom	leʔom	‘thirst’
likud	likud	‘back (of body), carry on the back’
likur	likur	‘back (of body), carry on the back’
litək	litək	‘fine, small’
lolo	lolo	‘extract, pull out’
loloati	loloati	‘worm’
lutam	lutam	‘gun, shoot’
ləbu	ləbu	‘torrent, flood, turbid, muddy’
ləbuh	ləbuh	‘turbid, stirred up’
ləkac	ləkatʃ	‘stubble, dried rice stalks’
ləkat	ləkat	‘disused field’
ləkəp	ləkəp	‘complete, finished’
ləməs	ləməs	‘suffocate, choke, drown’
lətok	lətok	‘snap, explode, burst, make cracking noise’
ləwu	ləwu	‘torrent, flood, turbid, muddy’
ləʔbuŋ	ləʔbuŋ	‘bamboo sprouts’
mamaʔ	mamaʔ	‘father (vocative)’
maŋuni	maŋuni	‘owl’
mataʔ	mataʔ	‘green (colour), unripe, raw’
mataʔ	mataʔ	‘unripe, raw, uncooked’
meoŋ	meoŋ	‘cat’
muali	muali	‘happen, occur, become’
munte	munte	‘lemon, citrus’
muri	muri	‘behind, back, rear’
naas	naas	‘heartwood’
nabuʔ	nabuʔ	‘fall (from height)’
nanam	nanam	‘taste, flavour’
nanaʔ	nanaʔ	‘pus, fester’
naram	naram	‘tame’
ŋaŋa	ŋaŋa	‘wide open (of mouth), agape, gape’
ŋaran	ŋaran	‘name’
ŋaʔŋaʔ	ŋaʔŋaʔ	‘chew, munch’
ŋiluŋ	ŋiluŋ	‘nose’
ŋiruŋ	ŋiruŋ	‘nose’
ŋəru	ŋəru	‘stench, bad smell’
ŋərən	ŋərən	‘slow’
ŋərər	ŋərər	‘slow’
ni	ni	‘possessive/agentive animate noun marker’
nipis	nipis	‘thin’
niu	niu	‘winnowing basket’
oat	oat	‘vein’
obar	obar	‘untie, unravel’
ombal	ombal	‘call out to (from afar)’
opoʔ	opoʔ	‘grandparent, ancestor, lord (title)’
owaʔ	owaʔ	‘body’
paduka	paduka	‘shoulder’
pagər	paɡər	‘fence, enclosure’
paku	paku	‘kind of edible fern’
palad	palad	‘palm (of hand), sole (of foot)’
palaʔd	palaʔd	‘palm (of hand), sole (of foot)’
palaʔpaʔ	palaʔpaʔ	‘palm branch’
palelaʔan	palelaʔan	‘mad, crazy’
paŋa	paŋa	‘branch’
paŋi	paŋi	‘tree with edible leaves and fruit’; ‘Pangium edule’
pantik	pantik	‘write’
paras	paras	‘weed, clear land’
paria	paria	‘edible gourd’; ‘Nomordica charantia’
parut	parut	‘sow seed, scatter’
pasuʔ	pasuʔ	‘hot’
patar	patar	‘flat, level’
pate	pate	‘die, kill’
patikan	patikan	‘large bee sp.’
pay	paj	‘ray fish’
paʔa	paʔa	‘thigh’
paʔan	paʔan	‘bait, lure’
paʔat	paʔat	‘chisel’
paʔit	paʔit	‘bitter’
pelaʔ	pelaʔ	‘wound’
peos	peos	‘rub, stroke’
peraʔ	peraʔ	‘roe, fish eggs’
peret	peret	‘bat’
peʔ	peʔ	‘eat meat or fish’
peʔ-en	peʔ-en	‘fish’
piis	piis	‘pinch and twist’
pira	pira	‘how muchʔ, how manyʔ’
pitpit	pitpit	‘blink (eyes)’
pitu	pitu	‘seven’
piʔpiʔ	piʔpiʔ	‘wet, wash’
poikan	poikan	‘sea turtle’
pola	pola	‘sugarcane’
polo	polo	‘wake up, get up’
poŋkol	poŋkol	‘decapitate’
popo	popo	‘garden hut’
potot	potot	‘short (of stature)’
potoʔ	potoʔ	‘short (of stature)’
poʔot	poʔot	‘belly’
pudiŋ	pudiŋ	‘full’
pudut	pudut	‘sap, glue, sticky’
puduʔ	puduʔ	‘decimal unit (tens)’
pukət	pukət	‘net for catching fish or animals’
punti	punti	‘banana’
pupus	pupus	‘skewer, spit, pierce with skewer’
purut	purut	‘pick up, collect, gather’
pusuʔ	pusuʔ	‘heart, blossom (of palm, banana)’
pusəd	pusəd	‘navel’
pusəʔd	pusəʔd	‘navel’
putiʔ	putiʔ	‘white’
puus	puus	‘wring, squeeze, squeeze out, milk’
pədəŋ	pədəŋ	‘blind, shut eyes’
pəkuʔ	pəkuʔ	‘snapped by being bent, bend (e.g. branch) and snap’
pəla	pəla	‘dry’
pənad	pənad	‘buttocks, backside’
pənaʔd	pənaʔd	‘buttocks, backside’
pəndam	pəndam	‘feel, touch’
pənət	pənət	‘shut’
pəpolas	pəpolas	‘spleen’
pəra	pəra	‘dry’
pəsaʔan	pəsaʔan	‘carry on the shoulder’
pəset	pəset	‘crowded, cramped, tight fitting’
pəsut	pəsut	‘burst, split open (e.g. fruit)’
pəsəl	pəsəl	‘empty, without contents (of fruit, grain), barren’
pəsəl	pəsəl	‘squeeze, knead, massage’
pətik	pətik	‘flick off/away (with fingers)’
pətik	pətik	‘heartbeat, beat (of heart)’
rakut	rakut	‘carry a bundle on the back’
ramaʔ	ramaʔ	‘resin, tree from which resin is obtained’
rambus	rambus	‘snatch away’
rantoŋ	rantoŋ	‘hang (execute)’
raprap	raprap	‘slash off palm leaves’
raraŋ	raraŋ	‘warm by fire, roast’
raʔdan	raʔdan	‘ladder, stairs’
raʔdap	raʔdap	‘tree’; ‘Erythrina indica’
raʔndap	raʔndap	‘tree’; ‘Erythrina indica’
rekoʔ	rekoʔ	‘bent, crooked, curved, bend’
rentek	rentek	‘work metal, forge’
reʔo	reʔo	‘thirst’
ribu	ribu	‘thousand’
rikər	rikər	‘bind, wind round’
rimat	rimat	‘dense, close together’
rintək	rintək	‘fine, small’
ririi	ririi	‘yellow, pale, wan’
riʔrip	riʔrip	‘cut off, cut through’
rokoʔ	rokoʔ	‘cloth, material’
rondor	rondor	‘straight’
rupu	rupu	‘smallpox’
rurag	ruraɡ	‘hollow, hole in tree’
rəbuŋ	rəbuŋ	‘bamboo sprouts’
rəgəs	rəɡəs	‘wind, blow (of wind)’
rəkat	rəkat	‘disused field’
rəŋan	rəŋan	‘do together or at the same time, of the same age’
rəŋis	rəŋis	‘burn’
rəpət	rəpət	‘fast, speedy, hard, intense (of wind, rain)’
rəpət	rəpət	‘hard, intense (e.g. of wind; rain), severe (of illness)’
rəraa	rəraa	‘girl’
rətas	rətas	‘break (e.g. of rope)’
sa	sa	‘if, when’
saap	saap	‘scoop, ladle’
saba	saba	‘large snake sp.’
sabaŋ	sabaŋ	‘help’
sabat	sabat	‘answer, reply’
sabey	sabej	‘pubic hair’
sabut	sabut	‘pluck out, pull out’
saduu	saduu	‘gutter, water channel’
saka	saka	‘cockfight, stage cockfight’
sake	sake	‘ride, mount, board’
sakey	sakej	‘guest’
sakit	sakit	‘evil spirit which causes sickness’
sala	sala	‘put up in a higher place (e.g. on a rack)’
salaa	salaa	‘nest (of bird or animal)’
salaʔ	salaʔ	‘error, mistake, do wrong, make a mistake’
saleisak	saleisak	‘rib(s)’
sapu	sapu	‘brush, sweep’
saput	saput	‘wrap, wrap up’
saru	saru	‘facing, face’
saʔut	saʔut	‘stem of young banana tree (eaten as vegetable)’
seaʔ	seaʔ	‘deviate, diverge, turn off (path)’
seed	seed	‘sting (of insect)’
seila	seila	‘they’
seisəp	seisəp	‘suck’
sekeʔ	sekeʔ	‘fight, do battle with’
seleŋ	seleŋ	‘wry neck, head twisted to one side’
seŋkot	seŋkot	‘sail’
sepər	sepər	‘dyke, dam, dam up, block’
sera	sera	‘they’
serop	serop	‘slurp, sip (e.g. hot liquid)’
seʔe	seʔe	‘shoot, sprout (from ground)’
seʔseʔ	seʔseʔ	‘push, shove, push out/away’
si	si	‘animate noun (singular) marker’
sia	sia	‘third person singular pronoun’
siaʔ	siaʔ	‘throw away’
sibo	sibo	‘make, build, cook’
siku	siku	‘elbow’
sikəp	sikəp	‘kind of hawk, snatch, seize’
sikəp	sikəp	‘kind of hawk’
sila	sila	‘they’
siliʔ	siliʔ	‘slope, incline, bank’
sinaʔ	sinaʔ	‘pale, pallid’
sinaʔi	sinaʔi	‘intestines, belly’
siou	siou	‘nine’
sipuʔ	sipuʔ	‘toothless, fall out (of teeth), pull out, pluck (fruit)’
siri	siri	‘sift pounded rice in pan’
siriʔ	siriʔ	‘slope, bank, side (e.g. of house)’
siriʔ	siriʔ	‘slope, incline, bank’
sisi	sisi	‘chicken (baby fowl)’
soksok	soksok	‘eat, bite at food (of pig, dog)’
sompoy	sompoj	‘pouch, bag’
sondaŋ	sondaŋ	‘dagger, stab’
sopit	sopit	‘pinch, clamp (with fingers, pincers)’
sudaa	sudaa	‘thorn’
sudu	sudu	‘claw, nail (of finger or toe)’
suliŋ	suliŋ	‘play the flute’
suluʔ	suluʔ	‘torch’
sumbeŋ	sumbeŋ	‘jagged, chipped’
suŋe	suŋe	‘horn (of animal)’
supi	supi	‘rheumatism’
supu	supu	‘boundary, border’
sura	sura	‘sharp spike placed in ground to trap animals’
surat	surat	‘plant .’
surur	surur	‘comb’
susud	susud	‘each, every, every time’
susut	susut	‘near, approach’
suʔun	suʔun	‘carry on the head’
səbu	səbu	‘foam, froth, effervesce, extinguish fire with water’
səduʔ	səduʔ	‘hiccup’
sədəm	sədəm	‘ant’
səksək	səksək	‘cram in tightly, squeeze in’
səlaa	səlaa	‘big’
səlaksak	səlaksak	‘rib(s)’
səlat	səlat	‘gap, space between things’
səlaʔ	səlaʔ	‘big’
səmud	səmud	‘mouth’
səmud	səmud	‘snout, muzzle’
səmuʔd	səmuʔd	‘snout, muzzle’
səndii	səndii	‘side, edge (of yard, yield)’
səŋo	səŋo	‘blow’
səŋsəŋ	səŋsəŋ	‘plug, stopper, plug up’
sənsən	sənsən	‘satisfied, full (from eating)’
səpaʔ	səpaʔ	‘noise of smacking lips while eating, make such a noise while eating’
səpeʔ	səpeʔ	‘slap with open hand’
səpsəp	səpsəp	‘suck’
səpun	səpun	‘nasal mucus’
səput	səput	‘blowpipe’
səwu	səwu	‘boil over (of water), put something hot in water (e.g. hot iron to harden it)’
səʔbu	səʔbu	‘boil over (of water), put something hot in water (e.g. hot iron to harden it)’
taas	taas	‘large tree sp., used for timber’
taaʔ	taaʔ	‘plane, chop (wood) smooth’
tabaa	tabaa	‘call, call to, summon’
tabaʔ	tabaʔ	‘fat (on animal body)’
tabtab	tabtab	‘chop down/through bamboo’
tadi	tadi	‘rope, string’
tadikud	tadikud	‘turn the back (on someone), part, separate’
tadiŋa	tadiŋa	‘hear’
tadun	tadun	‘forest’
tadəm	tadəm	‘sharp (of point)’
ta-hula	ta-hula	‘how muchʔ’
taktak	taktak	‘chop down/through, fell’
takura	takura	‘how muchʔ’
talaʔtaʔ	talaʔtaʔ	‘blot, stain’
talaʔtaʔ	talaʔtaʔ	‘skin disease causing pale patches on body’
talo	talo	‘cowardly, timid’
tambəlaŋ	tambəlaŋ	‘kind of bamboo’
tanaʔ	tanaʔ	‘land, soil, ground’
tanəm	tanəm	‘plant’
tare	tare	‘newly, just, now’
tasik	tasik	‘sea’
tauʔ	tauʔ	‘put into, put away, store inside’
taʔan	taʔan	‘set a snare’
taʔap	taʔap	‘winnow’
taʔi	taʔi	‘faeces, dregs’
taʔu	taʔu	‘know’
taʔun	taʔun	‘year’
teep	teep	‘tree sp.’; ‘Artocarpus blumei’
teŋkor	teŋkor	‘beat (drum, gong etc.) with stick’
tete	tete	‘bridge’
teəʔ	teəʔ	‘throw away’
tian	tian	‘belly, stomach’
tibaʔ	tibaʔ	‘oath, swear an oath’
tiboo	tiboo	‘reed sp.’
tiey	tiej	‘call for pigs’
tiis	tiis	‘drip, leak’
timboy	timboj	‘hang, dangle, swing’
timuu	timuu	‘south, south wind’
tina	tina	‘female (of fowl, bird)’
tinaʔ	tinaʔ	‘blue (of bruise)’
tinaʔ	tinaʔ	‘pale, pallid’
tinaʔi	tinaʔi	‘intestines, belly’
tinaʔi	tinaʔi	‘intestines’
tiŋa	tiŋa	‘pick teeth’
tiŋtiŋ	tiŋtiŋ	‘clang, ring (noise), produce such a sound’
tipuʔ	tipuʔ	‘remove corn kernels from cob’
tipuʔ	tipuʔ	‘toothless, fall out (of teeth), pull out, pluck (fruit)’
tobo	tobo	‘liar, cheat, lie, deceive’
toitok	toitok	‘chop up finely’
toktok	toktok	‘chop up finely’
toŋkoʔ	toŋkoʔ	‘peck (of bird), snap (of snake; crocodile)’
toŋo	toŋo	‘mite’
tonton	tonton	‘lower, let down’
tou	tou	‘person, born, live, grow’
towaʔ	towaʔ	‘call, call to, summon’
toʔd	toʔd	‘stand up, get up, put up, erect’
toʔod	toʔod	‘stand up, get up, put up, erect’
tuama	tuama	‘man, male’
tuari	tuari	‘younger sibling’
tudaʔ	tudaʔ	‘strike, stab with lance’
tuduʔ	tuduʔ	‘show, point out, instruct, teach’
tuma	tuma	‘clothes louse’
tumiʔd	tumiʔd	‘heel’
tumpa	tumpa	‘descend, alight’
tunduu	tunduu	‘follow’
tundək	tundək	‘point, indicate, stab’
tunu	tunu	‘burn, bake, roast’
tutuŋ	tutuŋ	‘kindle, light (fire; lamp), set alight’
tuun	tuun	‘pour down’
tuʔa	tuʔa	‘old’
tuʔd	tuʔd	‘stump of chopped down tree’
tuʔmid	tuʔmid	‘heel’
tuʔu	tuʔu	‘indeed, really, truly’
tuʔud	tuʔud	‘origin, tree’
tuʔur	tuʔur	‘stump of chopped down tree’
təbiʔ	təbiʔ	‘break off (small piece of something)’
təbiʔ	təbiʔ	‘break off, crumble off’
təbiʔ	təbiʔ	‘husked rice’
təbəl	təbəl	‘sharp (of blade)’
tədu	tədu	‘three’
təktək	təktək	‘stake, post, stick (post) into ground’
təkəl	təkəl	‘sleep’
təkən	təkən	‘(walking) stick, staff’
tələs	tələs	‘buy’
təmbir	təmbir	‘edge, side, bank’
təmpok	təmpok	‘tip, point, extremity, end’
təna	təna	‘hit, strike (e.g. with stone)’
təŋaʔ	təŋaʔ	‘areca palm’; ‘Areca catechu and nut, chew betel’
təŋtəŋ	təŋtəŋ	‘look at, stare at’
təpee	təpee	‘mat’
təpeʔ	təpeʔ	‘mat’
təpəs	təpəs	‘suck, suck out’
təruŋ	təruŋ	‘simple hut or shelter in fields’
tə-teger	tə-teɡer	‘bamboo pole (for knocking down fruit)’
uala	uala	‘tusk, canine tooth’
uaŋ	uaŋ	‘grey hair’
uaŋ	uaŋ	‘howl, yelp (of dog)’
uasey	uasej	‘iron’
uban	uban	‘grey hair’
ubar	ubar	‘untie, unravel’
ubi	ubi	‘edible tuber’
ubur	ubur	‘edible pith of palm trees’
udan	udan	‘rain’
udu	udu	‘head’
udud	udud	‘imitate, copy, follow’
ue	ue	‘rattan (generic term)’
ukaʔ	ukaʔ	‘half coconut shell (used as cup etc.)’
ulit	ulit	‘true, correct, real’
ulud	ulud	‘resemble, copy, imitate’
ulur	ulur	‘resemble, copy, imitate’
uma	uma	‘(dry) cultivated field, gardens’
umaʔ	umaʔ	‘sheathe’
undam	undam	‘medicine’
untap	untap	‘blow with bellows’
untəp	untəp	‘inside, interior, enter’
unəd	unəd	‘middle, centre’
upuʔ	upuʔ	‘pick (rice), reap, harvest’
utək	utək	‘brain’
waluŋ	waluŋ	‘provisions for journey’
waŋ	waŋ	‘grey hair’
wauʔb	wauʔb	‘feed animals’
wauʔmb	wauʔmb	‘feed animals’
wewey	wewej	‘carry by hand with the load hanging down’
weywey	wejwej	‘carry by hand with the load hanging down’
weʔ	weʔ	‘give, put, place’
wiwiʔ	wiwiʔ	‘lip(s)’
wuliŋ	wuliŋ	‘black’
wuriŋ	wuriŋ	‘black’
wəlaʔd	wəlaʔd	‘spread out (to dry)’
wələŋ	wələŋ	‘eye’
wəŋəl	wəŋəl	‘deaf’
wəsiʔ	wəsiʔ	‘burst (of roasting corn), bake corn in ashes’
əbaat	əbaat	‘storm from the west (November to January monsoon)’
ədam	ədam	‘lease (land), rent’
ələp	ələp	‘drink’
ələt	ələt	‘partition’
əmbəl	əmbəl	‘rattan sp.’
əmbət	əmbət	‘gird, wrap round belly’
əŋaa	əŋaa	‘cough’
ənteʔ	ənteʔ	‘strong, forceful’
əntoʔ	əntoʔ	‘stop, wait, live (in a place)’
əntut	əntut	‘fart’
ənəm	ənəm	‘six, day, sun’
əpat	əpat	‘four’
əpeʔ	əpeʔ	‘eat meat or fish’
əpeʔ	əpeʔ	‘taste, try, test, sample’
əris	əris	‘sand’
ərut	ərut	‘roar, rumble’
əsa	əsa	‘one’
əsi	əsi	‘dry up (of river or pond), dry, waterless’
əsəm	əsəm	‘sour’
əta	əta	‘bran, chaff’
əti	əti	‘dry up (of river or pond), dry, waterless’
ətuŋ	ətuŋ	‘tilt (in order to pour out contents), lean over’
ətədu	ətədu	‘egg’
ətəduu	ətəduu	‘egg’

OUTOFPAPUA database: Lexicons of the West Papuan language area

Sneddon (1978d): Tonsea

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