OUTOFPAPUA database: Lexicons of the West Papuan language area

‘go’ (eng)

‘ladder, stairs’ (eng)

‘until, the extent that’ (eng)

‘until, the extent that’ (eng)

‘scoop out rice from pot’ (eng)

‘I’ (eng)

‘sugar palm’ (eng); ‘Arenga saccharifera’ (lat)

‘obstruction (especially on road)’ (eng)

‘house post’ (eng)

‘soot, black stain from smoke’ (eng)

‘father (vocative)’ (eng)

‘father’ (eng)

‘north, north wind’ (eng)

‘together with, in company with’ (eng)

‘root’ (eng)

‘rise (of sun)’ (eng)

‘someone/something or other’ (eng)

‘fire’ (eng)

‘finished, used up, finish off, use up’ (eng)

‘lime’ (eng)

‘bile, gall’ (eng)

‘jaw’ (eng)

‘house post’ (eng)

‘soot, black stain from smoke’ (eng)

‘gills (of fish)’ (eng)

‘dog’ (eng)

‘draw water, scoop up water’ (eng)

‘draw water, scoop up water’ (eng)

‘breath, breathe’ (eng)

‘slave’ (eng)

‘above, on (top)’ (eng)

‘liver’ (eng)

‘hundred’ (eng)

‘egg’ (eng)

‘roof, roofing (thatch)’ (eng)

‘transport, convey’ (eng)

‘ash, dust’ (eng)

‘enough, increase, add to’ (eng)

‘come’ (eng)

‘plait, weave’ (eng)

‘tree sp.’ (eng); ‘Pterocarpus indicus’ (lat)

‘foot, leg’ (eng)

‘gills (of fish)’ (eng)

‘husk of coconut and other palm fruit’ (eng)

‘whichʔ, whereʔ’ (eng)

‘kick’ (eng)

‘fruit’ (eng)

‘fruit’ (eng)

‘flower’ (eng)

‘trouble, distress, worry, hard work’ (eng)

‘sew (general term), plait thatch’ (eng)

‘lean backwards (e.g. to look up)’ (eng)

‘black’ (eng)

‘roll, roll up’ (eng)

‘sew or plait thatch for roofing’ (eng)

‘bulge, swelling, swell, bulge out’ (eng)

‘earthquake’ (eng)

‘give’ (eng)

‘gird, tie round waist’ (eng)

‘desire, crave, saliva, slaver, salivate’ (eng)

‘desire, crave, saliva, slaver, salivate’ (eng)

‘come’ (eng)

‘streak, stratch, line’ (eng)

‘this’ (eng)

‘hang up on rope’ (eng)

‘mole (on body)’ (eng)

‘carry under arm’ (eng)

‘mother’ (eng)

‘reduce, decrease, make less’ (eng)

‘riddle’ (eng)

‘brother/sister-in-law’ (eng)

‘dream’ (eng)

‘thin’ (eng)

‘tail’ (eng)

‘gum(s)’ (eng)

‘molar’ (eng)

‘uncle’ (eng)

‘black’ (eng)

‘scab (on wound)’ (eng)

‘rice, eat’ (eng)

‘snatch away, seize, wrest’ (eng)

‘yesterday’ (eng)

‘elder sibling’ (eng)

‘fence around house .’ (eng)

‘wing’ (eng)

‘butterfly’ (eng)

‘you (plural)’ (eng)

‘grip, clutch for support (e.g. railing)’ (eng)

‘rise, go up’ (eng)

‘large, fat, castrated pig’ (eng)

‘wave, beckon with hand’ (eng)

‘stripe, streak, scratch’ (eng)

‘scrape, scratch (with fingernails)’ (eng)

‘scrape off/out, scoop out, scratch out’ (eng)

‘gnaw, grind teeth’ (eng)

‘sel’ (eng)

‘rafters’ (eng)

‘invulnerale’ (eng)

‘whenʔ’ (eng)

‘crab’ (eng)

‘stir, mix’ (eng)

‘wood, tree’ (eng)

‘yesterday’ (eng)

‘scratch in ground or leaves (e.g. of chicken)’ (eng)

‘make rope by spinning palm fibres’ (eng)

‘tap sugar palm’ (eng)

‘lame, limp’ (eng)

‘call to, hail, invite’ (eng)

‘shout, cry out’ (eng)

‘laugh’ (eng)

‘lame, crippled because of deformity’ (eng)

‘tickle’ (eng)

‘giant clam’ (eng)

‘torn, tear’ (eng)

‘we (inclusive)’ (eng)

‘have sexual intercourse’ (eng)

‘follow’ (eng)

‘small insect which hovers around food’ (eng)

‘file, grate, scrape, shave’ (eng)

‘you (singular)’ (eng)

‘head’ (eng)

‘taro’ (eng)

‘xylophone (percussion instrument with series of wooden bars or metal cymbals)’ (eng)

‘you (singular)’ (eng)

‘you (plural)’ (eng)

‘hole’ (eng)

‘scratch (e.g. when itchy)’ (eng)

‘brush lightly with fingers to attract attention’ (eng)

‘hen, fowl’ (eng)

‘crow (of rooster)’ (eng)

‘mushroom, fungus’ (eng)

‘skin’ (eng)

‘skin, bark’ (eng)

‘whyʔ’ (eng)

‘do something, act’ (eng)

‘thick’ (eng)

‘whyʔ’ (eng)

‘thick’ (eng)

‘earthen cooking pot’ (eng)

‘cuscus’ (eng)

‘rub (eyes), scrub’ (eng)

‘head louse’ (eng)

‘tall grass sp.’ (eng); ‘Imperata cylindrica’ (lat)

‘well up, bubble up (of water from ground)’ (eng)

‘embrace, enclose, fold the arms’ (eng)

‘carry in hand held against breast’ (eng)

‘fish trap of bamboo lattice work’ (eng)

‘large freshwater mollusc’ (eng)

‘close with lit or top, put a lit on’ (eng)

‘wash clothes’ (eng)

‘taut, tight (e.g. of rope)’ (eng)

‘stick on, press on’ (eng)

‘swell, swollen’ (eng)

‘small freshwater fish with spiny back’ (eng)

‘first’ (eng)

‘hard’ (eng)

‘hard’ (eng)

‘close together, without gaps (e.g. floor boards)’ (eng)

‘turbid, muddy (of water)’ (eng)

‘cover, enclose’ (eng)

‘embrace, enclose, fold the arms’ (eng)

‘nibble, gnaw’ (eng)

‘cover (e.g. with basket, cloth)’ (eng)

‘well up, bubble up (of water from ground)’ (eng)

‘itch, fibres on plants which cause itching’ (eng)

‘itch’ (eng)

‘road, pathway’ (eng)

‘road, pathway’ (eng)

‘fly’ (eng)

‘oil’ (eng)

‘sky’ (eng)

‘fruit sp.’ (eng); ‘Lancium domesticum’ (lat)

‘tough (of meat, fibres)’ (eng)

‘lie transverse, across, block way’ (eng)

‘large red ant which lives in trees’ (eng)

‘causing itch, itch’ (eng)

‘causing itch, itch’ (eng)

‘neck’ (eng)

‘bed bug’ (eng)

‘still, calm (of water)’ (eng)

‘clean, pure (of water)’ (eng)

‘overflow (of water)’ (eng)

‘away, bend (in wind)’ (eng)

‘hunger‘ .’ (eng)

‘thirst’ (eng)

‘ginger’ (eng)

‘tongue, speak’ (eng)

‘tongue’ (eng)

‘five’ (eng)

‘rinse out mouth’ (eng)

‘smoke (cigarette)’ (eng)

‘leech’ (eng)

‘fine, small’ (eng)

‘wide, spacious’ (eng)

‘boat, canoe’ (eng)

‘extract, pull out’ (eng)

‘worm’ (eng)

‘outside’ (eng)

‘vomit’ (eng)

‘tears, weep’ (eng)

‘watchman, guard, keep watch’ (eng)

‘shin’ (eng)

‘moss’ (eng)

‘gun, shoot’ (eng)

‘cook’ (eng)

‘soft’ (eng)

‘rise to surface, float on surface’ (eng)

‘lump, small swelling, pimple’ (eng)

‘stubble, dried rice stalks’ (eng)

‘disused field’ (eng)

‘complete, finished’ (eng)

‘shadow, reflection’ (eng)

‘soft, gentle, tender’ (eng)

‘suffocate, choke, drown’ (eng)

‘clean, cleared (of land)’ (eng)

‘poor, needy’ (eng)

‘fold’ (eng)

‘snap, explode, burst, make cracking noise’ (eng)

‘bury’ (eng)

‘father (vocative)’ (eng)

‘owl’ (eng)

‘green (colour), unripe, raw’ (eng)

‘unripe, raw, uncooked’ (eng)

‘red’ (eng)

‘cat’ (eng)

‘happen, occur, become’ (eng)

‘lemon, citrus’ (eng)

‘behind, back, rear’ (eng)

‘taste, flavour’ (eng)

‘pus, fester’ (eng)

‘tame’ (eng)

‘wide open (of mouth), agape, gape’ (eng)

‘name’ (eng)

‘chew, munch’ (eng)

‘on edge (of teeth)’ (eng)

‘smell of bad fish’ (eng)

‘slow’ (eng)

‘slow’ (eng)

‘possessive/agentive animate noun marker’ (eng)

‘winnowing basket’ (eng)

‘wipe, brush’ (eng)

‘and, with, (and) then’ (eng)

‘vein’ (eng)

‘untie, unravel’ (eng)

‘grandparent, ancestor, lord (title)’ (eng)

‘untie, unravel’ (eng)

‘attic, loft’ (eng)

‘kind of edible fern’ (eng)

‘palm (of hand), sole (of foot)’ (eng)

‘palm (of hand), sole (of foot)’ (eng)

‘palm branch’ (eng)

‘mad, crazy’ (eng)

‘cut, wound’ (eng)

‘shoulder’ (eng)

‘branch’ (eng)

‘tree with edible leaves and fruit’ (eng); ‘Pangium edule’ (lat)

‘weed, clear land’ (eng)

‘edible gourd’ (eng); ‘Nomordica charantia’ (lat)

‘sow seed, scatter’ (eng)

‘flat, level’ (eng)

‘die, kill’ (eng)

‘write’ (eng)

‘large bee sp.’ (eng)

‘ray fish’ (eng)

‘fence, enclosure’ (eng)

‘thigh’ (eng)

‘bait, lure’ (eng)

‘chisel’ (eng)

‘bitter’ (eng)

‘put stick or post in ground’ (eng)

‘bent, crooked, bend’ (eng)

‘wound’ (eng)

‘rub, stroke’ (eng)

‘roe, fish eggs’ (eng)

‘bat’ (eng)

‘eat meat or fish’ (eng)

‘taste’ (eng)

‘fish’ (eng)

‘cheek’ (eng)

‘how muchʔ, how manyʔ’ (eng)

‘seven’ (eng)

‘blink (eyes)’ (eng)

‘wet, urinate’ (eng)

‘cane (generic term)’ (eng)

‘sea turtle’ (eng)

‘sugarcane’ (eng)

‘hut on stilts’ (eng)

‘short (of stature)’ (eng)

‘short (of stature)’ (eng)

‘belly’ (eng)

‘net for catching fish or animals’ (eng)

‘sap, glue, sticky’ (eng)

‘decimal unit (tens)’ (eng)

‘pierce, make hole (e.g. with hot iron)’ (eng)

‘pick up, collect, gather’ (eng)

‘heart, blossom (of palm, banana)’ (eng)

‘navel’ (eng)

‘navel’ (eng)

‘white’ (eng)

‘wring, squeeze, squeeze out, milk’ (eng)

‘snapped by being bent, bend (e.g. branch) and snap’ (eng)

‘dry’ (eng)

‘buttocks, backside’ (eng)

‘buttocks, backside’ (eng)

‘feel, touch’ (eng)

‘earthquake’ (eng)

‘bitter (of taste)’ (eng)

‘shut’ (eng)

‘spleen’ (eng)

‘dry’ (eng)

‘bile, gall’ (eng)

‘blind, shut eyes’ (eng)

‘carry on the shoulder’ (eng)

‘crowded, cramped, tight fitting’ (eng)

‘burst, split open (e.g. fruit)’ (eng)

‘empty, without contents (of fruit, grain), barren’ (eng)

‘flick off/away (with fingers)’ (eng)

‘heartbeat, beat (of heart)’ (eng)

‘dry rice stalks, straw’ (eng)

‘blood’ (eng)

‘cloud’ (eng)

‘grime, dirt on body’ (eng)

‘bind together, tie in a bundle’ (eng)

‘resin, tree from which resin is obtained’ (eng)

‘resin, tree from which resin is obtained’ (eng)

‘water, stretch of water’ (eng)

‘hang (execute)’ (eng)

‘warm by fire, roast’ (eng)

‘sew or plait thatch for roofing’ (eng)

‘snatch away’ (eng)

‘ladder, stairs’ (eng)

‘tree’ (eng); ‘Erythrina indica’ (lat)

‘tree’ (eng); ‘Erythrina indica’ (lat)

‘slash off palm leaves’ (eng)

‘tree sp.’ (eng)

‘dark’ (eng)

‘bent, crooked, curved, bend’ (eng)

‘work metal, forge’ (eng)

‘thirst’ (eng)

‘bind, wind round’ (eng)

‘dense, close together’ (eng)

‘fine, small’ (eng)

‘thousand’ (eng)

‘cut off, cut through’ (eng)

‘cloth, material’ (eng)

‘far, distant’ (eng)

‘two’ (eng)

‘bone’ (eng)

‘grass’ (eng)

‘brood (of hen), sit’ (eng)

‘smallpox’ (eng)

‘hollow, hole in tree’ (eng)

‘corner, angle’ (eng)

‘disused field’ (eng)

‘long, stretch’ (eng)

‘do together or at the same time, of the same age’ (eng)

‘of the same age’ (eng)

‘burn’ (eng)

‘fathom, span of arms out-stretched’ (eng)

‘fast, speedy, hard, intense (of wind, rain)’ (eng)

‘hard, intense (e.g. of wind, rain), severe (of illness)’ (eng)

‘girl’ (eng)

‘break (e.g. of rope)’ (eng)

‘wind, blow (of wind)’ (eng)

‘if, when’ (eng)

‘scoop, ladle’ (eng)

‘hang over shoulder’ (eng)

‘cockfight, stage cockfight’ (eng)

‘ride, mount, board’ (eng)

‘guest’ (eng)

‘evil spirit which causes sickness’ (eng)

‘rib(s)’ (eng)

‘gutter, water channel’ (eng)

‘dirty, unclean’ (eng)

‘dew’ (eng)

‘brush, sweep’ (eng)

‘wrap, wrap up’ (eng)

‘facing, face’ (eng)

‘large snake sp.’ (eng)

‘help’ (eng)

‘pluck out, pull out’ (eng)

‘dirty (person)’ (eng)

‘banana (tree and fruit)’ (eng)

‘stem of young banana tree (eaten as vegetable)’ (eng)

‘they’ (eng)

‘deviate, diverge, turn off (path)’ (eng)

‘sting (of insect)’ (eng)

‘they’ (eng)

‘suck’ (eng)

‘fight, do battle with’ (eng)

‘wry neck, head twisted to one side’ (eng)

‘sail’ (eng)

‘dyke, dam, dam up, block’ (eng)

‘slurp, sip (e.g. hot liquid)’ (eng)

‘whoʔ’ (eng)

‘shoot, sprout (from ground)’ (eng)

‘push, shove, push out/away’ (eng)

‘animate noun (singular) marker’ (eng)

‘third person singular pronoun’ (eng)

‘throw away’ (eng)

‘elbow’ (eng)

‘kind of hawk, snatch, seize’ (eng)

‘kind of hawk’ (eng)

‘they’ (eng)

‘slope, incline, bank’ (eng)

‘intestines, belly’ (eng)

‘nine’ (eng)

‘toothless, fall out (of teeth), pull out, pluck (fruit)’ (eng)

‘sift pounded rice in pan’ (eng)

‘slope, bank, side (e.g. of house)’ (eng)

‘slope, incline, bank’ (eng)

‘make, build, cook’ (eng)

‘small beetle which bores in wood and crops’ (eng)

‘pouch, bag’ (eng)

‘pinch, clamp (with fingers, pincers)’ (eng)

‘eat, bite at food (of pig, dog)’ (eng)

‘jagged, chipped’ (eng)

‘thorn’ (eng)

‘play the flute’ (eng)

‘take revenge’ (eng)

‘claw, nail (of finger or toe)’ (eng)

‘thorn’ (eng)

‘horn (of animal)’ (eng)

‘rheumatism’ (eng)

‘boundary, border’ (eng)

‘plot in rice field’ (eng)

‘sharp spike placed in ground to trap animals’ (eng)

‘plant .’ (eng)

‘comb’ (eng)

‘each, every, every time’ (eng)

‘each, every, every time’ (eng)

‘near, approach’ (eng)

‘speak, say (something)’ (eng)

‘carry on the head’ (eng)

‘fish, eat meat’ (eng)

‘isolated, secluded place, go to such a place (to defecate), defecate’ (eng)

‘big’ (eng)

‘gap, space between things’ (eng)

‘big’ (eng)

‘rib(s)’ (eng)

‘insert (between two things)’ (eng)

‘mouth’ (eng)

‘snout, muzzle’ (eng)

‘snout, muzzle’ (eng)

‘blow’ (eng)

‘ant’ (eng)

‘satisfied, full (from eating)’ (eng)

‘noise of smacking lips while eating, make such a noise while eating’ (eng)

‘slap with open hand’ (eng)

‘nasal mucus’ (eng)

‘blowpipe’ (eng)

‘fish, eat meat’ (eng)

‘scoop (instrument)’ (eng)

‘boil over (of water), put something hot in water (e.g. hot iron to harden it)’ (eng)

‘foam, froth, effervesce, extinguish fire with water’ (eng)

‘hiccup’ (eng)

‘boil over (of water), put something hot in water (e.g. hot iron to harden it)’ (eng)

‘cram in tightly, squeeze in’ (eng)

‘suck’ (eng)

‘plane, chop (wood) smooth’ (eng)

‘bamboo (generic term)’ (eng)

‘hear’ (eng)

‘how muchʔ’ (eng)

‘how muchʔ’ (eng)

‘rope, string’ (eng)

‘turn the back (on someone), part, separate’ (eng)

‘ear’ (eng)

‘cowardly, timid’ (eng)

‘forest’ (eng)

‘land, soil, ground’ (eng)

‘plant’ (eng)

‘newly, just, now’ (eng)

‘sharp (of point)’ (eng)

‘sea’ (eng)

‘fat (on animal body)’ (eng)

‘snare, set a snare’ (eng)

‘winnow’ (eng)

‘faeces, dregs’ (eng)

‘chop down/through, fell’ (eng)

‘know’ (eng)

‘year’ (eng)

‘fade (of colours)’ (eng)

‘fly away, fade (of colours)’ (eng)

‘fly’ (eng)

‘fly away, fade (of colours)’ (eng)

‘beat (drum, gong etc.) with stick’ (eng)

‘fly’ (eng)

‘throw away’ (eng)

‘belly, stomach’ (eng)

‘hold, grip’ (eng)

‘pig’ (eng)

‘drip, leak’ (eng)

‘south, south wind’ (eng)

‘intestines, belly’ (eng)

‘intestines’ (eng)

‘food caught between teeth, pick teeth’ (eng)

‘clang, ring (noise), produce such a sound’ (eng)

‘pluck (e.g. fruit)’ (eng)

‘toothless, fall out (of teeth), pull out, pluck (fruit)’ (eng)

‘oath, swear an oath’ (eng)