Source entries: Sneddon (1978c)

Sneddon (1978c): Tondano

Original citation: Sneddon, J. N. 1978. Proto-Minahasan: Phonology, morphology and wordlist. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.

Search entries

Total entries: 689

Headword	IPA	Glosses
ae	ae	‘go’
aharan	aharan	‘ladder, stairs’
akad	akad	‘until, the extent that’
akar	akar	‘until, the extent that’
akir	akir	‘scoop out rice from pot’
aku	aku	‘I’
akəl	akəl	‘sugar palm’; ‘Arenga saccharifera’
alawat	alawat	‘obstruction (especially on road)’
aliʔi	aliʔi	‘house post’
aləŋ	aləŋ	‘soot, black stain from smoke’
amaʔ	amaʔ	‘father (vocative)’
amaʔ	amaʔ	‘father’
amian	amian	‘north, north wind’
ampit	ampit	‘together with, in company with’
amut	amut	‘root’
antaŋ	antaŋ	‘rise (of sun)’
anu	anu	‘someone/something or other’
api	api	‘fire’
apu	apu	‘finished, used up, finish off, use up’
apu	apu	‘lime’
apədu	apədu	‘bile, gall’
are	are	‘jaw’
aril	aril	‘house post’
arəŋ	arəŋ	‘soot, black stain from smoke’
asaŋ	asaŋ	‘gills (of fish)’
asu	asu	‘dog’
asu	asu	‘draw water, scoop up water’
asuʔ	asuʔ	‘draw water, scoop up water’
asəŋ	asəŋ	‘breath, breathe’
ata	ata	‘slave’
atas	atas	‘above, on (top)’
ate	ate	‘liver’
atus	atus	‘hundred’
atəlu	atəlu	‘egg’
atəp	atəp	‘roof, roofing (thatch)’
atər	atər	‘transport, convey’
awu	awu	‘ash, dust’
awəs	awəs	‘enough, increase, add to’
ay	aj	‘come’
ayam	ajam	‘plait, weave’
aɣa	aɣa	‘tree sp.’; ‘Pterocarpus indicus’
aʔe	aʔe	‘foot, leg’
aʔsəŋ	aʔsəŋ	‘gills (of fish)’
banut	banut	‘husk of coconut and other palm fruit’
bisa	bisa	‘whichʔ, whereʔ’
bitiʔ	bitiʔ	‘kick’
buaʔ	buaʔ	‘fruit’
buaʔ-na	buaʔ-na	‘fruit’
buŋaŋ	buŋaŋ	‘flower’
bəndu	bəndu	‘trouble, distress, worry, hard work’
dahum	dahum	‘sew (general term), plait thatch’
deʔad	deʔad	‘lean backwards (e.g. to look up)’
didəm	didəm	‘black’
diŋkun	diŋkun	‘roll, roll up’
doum	doum	‘sew or plait thatch for roofing’
dəmbut	dəmbut	‘bulge, swelling, swell, bulge out’
edoʔ	edoʔ	‘earthquake’
ehe	ehe	‘give’
eret	eret	‘gird, tie round waist’
ewe	ewe	‘desire, crave, saliva, slaver, salivate’
eweʔ	eweʔ	‘desire, crave, saliva, slaver, salivate’
eye	eje	‘come’
garot	ɡarot	‘streak, stratch, line’
iaʔi	iaʔi	‘this’
ikət	ikət	‘hang up on rope’
ila	ila	‘mole (on body)’
impit	impit	‘carry under arm’
inaʔ	inaʔ	‘mother’
inaʔ	inaʔ	‘reduce, decrease, make less’
iŋkot	iŋkot	‘riddle’
ipaɣ	ipaɣ	‘brother/sister-in-law’
ipi	ipi	‘dream’
ipis	ipis	‘thin’
ipus	ipus	‘tail’
ipən	ipən	‘gum(s)’
ipən	ipən	‘molar’
itoʔ	itoʔ	‘uncle’
itəm	itəm	‘black’
kaa	kaa	‘scab (on wound)’
kaan	kaan	‘rice, eat’
kaat	kaat	‘snatch away, seize, wrest’
kaawiʔin	kaawiʔin	‘yesterday’
kakaʔ	kakaʔ	‘elder sibling’
kalawat	kalawat	‘fence around house .’
kaleʔkew	kaleʔkew	‘wing’
kalipoʔpoʔ	kalipoʔpoʔ	‘butterfly’
kamo	kamo	‘you (plural)’
kampet	kampet	‘grip, clutch for support (e.g. railing)’
kantaŋ	kantaŋ	‘rise, go up’
kantoŋ	kantoŋ	‘large, fat, castrated pig’
kapey	kapej	‘wave, beckon with hand’
karis	karis	‘stripe, streak, scratch’
karot	karot	‘scrape, scratch (with fingernails)’
karut	karut	‘scrape off/out, scoop out, scratch out’
karəʔkət	karəʔkət	‘gnaw, grind teeth’
kasili	kasili	‘sel’
kaso	kaso	‘rafters’
kawal	kawal	‘invulnerale’
kawisa	kawisa	‘whenʔ’
kayoŋ	kajoŋ	‘crab’
kayoʔ	kajoʔ	‘stir, mix’
kayu	kaju	‘wood, tree’
kaʔawiʔ	kaʔawiʔ	‘yesterday’
kaʔkas	kaʔkas	‘scratch in ground or leaves (e.g. of chicken)’
kedoŋ	kedoŋ	‘make rope by spinning palm fibres’
keet	keet	‘tap sugar palm’
kentoʔ	kentoʔ	‘lame, limp’
keret	keret	‘call to, hail, invite’
keret	keret	‘shout, cry out’
keʔkeʔ	keʔkeʔ	‘laugh’
keʔol	keʔol	‘lame, crippled because of deformity’
kileʔ	kileʔ	‘tickle’
kima	kima	‘giant clam’
kisiʔ	kisiʔ	‘torn, tear’
kita	kita	‘we (inclusive)’
kiuʔ	kiuʔ	‘have sexual intercourse’
kiʔit	kiʔit	‘follow’
kiʔit	kiʔit	‘small insect which hovers around food’
kiʔkis	kiʔkis	‘file, grate, scrape, shave’
ko	ko	‘you (singular)’
kokoŋ	kokoŋ	‘head’
kolay	kolaj	‘taro’
kolintaŋ	kolintaŋ	‘xylophone (percussion instrument with series of wooden bars or metal cymbals)’
koo	koo	‘you (singular)’
kow	kow	‘you (plural)’
koʔkor	koʔkor	‘hole’
koʔkor	koʔkor	‘scratch (e.g. when itchy)’
koʔkot	koʔkot	‘brush lightly with fingers to attract attention’
koʔkoʔ	koʔkoʔ	‘hen, fowl’
kukuk	kukuk	‘crow (of rooster)’
kulat	kulat	‘mushroom, fungus’
kulit	kulit	‘skin’
kuliʔ	kuliʔ	‘skin, bark’
k-um-urakura	k-um-urakura	‘whyʔ’
kura	kura	‘do something, act’
kurabar	kurabar	‘thick’
kurakura	kurakura	‘whyʔ’
kurambər	kurambər	‘thick’
kureʔ	kureʔ	‘earthen cooking pot’
kuse	kuse	‘cuscus’
kusu	kusu	‘rub (eyes), scrub’
kutu	kutu	‘head louse’
kuun	kuun	‘tall grass sp.’; ‘Imperata cylindrica’
kəbuʔ	kəbuʔ	‘well up, bubble up (of water from ground)’
kəikəp	kəikəp	‘embrace, enclose, fold the arms’
kəkəw	kəkəw	‘carry in hand held against breast’
kəlasey	kəlasej	‘fish trap of bamboo lattice work’
kəlobiʔ	kəlobiʔ	‘large freshwater mollusc’
kələw	kələw	‘close with lit or top, put a lit on’
kəməs	kəməs	‘wash clothes’
kəntəŋ	kəntəŋ	‘taut, tight (e.g. of rope)’
kəpəl	kəpəl	‘stick on, press on’
kəsa	kəsa	‘swell, swollen’
kəseʔ	kəseʔ	‘small freshwater fish with spiny back’
kətare	kətare	‘first’
kəte	kəte	‘hard’
kəteʔ	kəteʔ	‘hard’
kətəp	kətəp	‘close together, without gaps (e.g. floor boards)’
kəwur	kəwur	‘turbid, muddy (of water)’
kəʔkəp	kəʔkəp	‘cover, enclose’
kəʔkəp	kəʔkəp	‘embrace, enclose, fold the arms’
kəʔkət	kəʔkət	‘nibble, gnaw’
kəʔkəw	kəʔkəw	‘cover (e.g. with basket, cloth)’
kəʔmbuʔ	kəʔmbuʔ	‘well up, bubble up (of water from ground)’
laar	laar	‘itch, fibres on plants which cause itching’
lahad	lahad	‘itch’
lalan	lalan	‘road, pathway’
lalaŋ	lalaŋ	‘road, pathway’
lalər	lalər	‘fly’
lana	lana	‘oil’
laŋit	laŋit	‘sky’
lansot	lansot	‘fruit sp.’; ‘Lancium domesticum’
lanut	lanut	‘tough (of meat, fibres)’
lawa	lawa	‘lie transverse, across, block way’
laɣaʔ	laɣaʔ	‘large red ant which lives in trees’
laʔar	laʔar	‘causing itch, itch’
laʔd	laʔd	‘causing itch, itch’
leeʔ	leeʔ	‘neck’
lekaʔ	lekaʔ	‘bed bug’
lener	lener	‘still, calm (of water)’
leno	leno	‘clean, pure (of water)’
lewes	lewes	‘overflow (of water)’
leʔar	leʔar	‘away, bend (in wind)’
leʔo	leʔo	‘hunger‘ .’
leʔom	leʔom	‘thirst’
lia	lia	‘ginger’
lilaʔ	lilaʔ	‘tongue, speak’
lilaʔ	lilaʔ	‘tongue’
lima	lima	‘five’
limumu	limumu	‘rinse out mouth’
liŋkun	liŋkun	‘smoke (cigarette)’
lintaʔ	lintaʔ	‘leech’
litək	litək	‘fine, small’
loaŋ	loaŋ	‘wide, spacious’
lodey	lodej	‘boat, canoe’
lolo	lolo	‘extract, pull out’
loloati	loloati	‘worm’
luar	luar	‘outside’
luaʔ	luaʔ	‘vomit’
lueʔ	lueʔ	‘tears, weep’
lukar	lukar	‘watchman, guard, keep watch’
lulur	lulur	‘shin’
lumut	lumut	‘moss’
lutam	lutam	‘gun, shoot’
lutuʔ	lutuʔ	‘cook’
luʔnək	luʔnək	‘soft’
ləbo	ləbo	‘rise to surface, float on surface’
ləbut	ləbut	‘lump, small swelling, pimple’
ləkac	ləkatʃ	‘stubble, dried rice stalks’
ləkat	ləkat	‘disused field’
ləkəp	ləkəp	‘complete, finished’
lə-leno	lə-leno	‘shadow, reflection’
ləmeʔ	ləmeʔ	‘soft, gentle, tender’
ləməs	ləməs	‘suffocate, choke, drown’
lənas	lənas	‘clean, cleared (of land)’
ləŋey	ləŋej	‘poor, needy’
ləpət	ləpət	‘fold’
lətok	lətok	‘snap, explode, burst, make cracking noise’
ləwəŋ	ləwəŋ	‘bury’
mamaʔ	mamaʔ	‘father (vocative)’
maŋuni	maŋuni	‘owl’
mataʔ	mataʔ	‘green (colour), unripe, raw’
mataʔ	mataʔ	‘unripe, raw, uncooked’
meaʔ	meaʔ	‘red’
meoŋ	meoŋ	‘cat’
muali	muali	‘happen, occur, become’
munte	munte	‘lemon, citrus’
muri	muri	‘behind, back, rear’
nanam	nanam	‘taste, flavour’
nanaʔ	nanaʔ	‘pus, fester’
naram	naram	‘tame’
ŋaŋa	ŋaŋa	‘wide open (of mouth), agape, gape’
ŋaran	ŋaran	‘name’
ŋaʔŋaʔ	ŋaʔŋaʔ	‘chew, munch’
ŋilu	ŋilu	‘on edge (of teeth)’
ŋəru	ŋəru	‘smell of bad fish’
ŋərən	ŋərən	‘slow’
ŋərər	ŋərər	‘slow’
ni	ni	‘possessive/agentive animate noun marker’
niu	niu	‘winnowing basket’
niʔnis	niʔnis	‘wipe, brush’
o	o	‘and, with, (and) then’
oat	oat	‘vein’
obar	obar	‘untie, unravel’
opoʔ	opoʔ	‘grandparent, ancestor, lord (title)’
owar	owar	‘untie, unravel’
paa	paa	‘attic, loft’
paku	paku	‘kind of edible fern’
palar	palar	‘palm (of hand), sole (of foot)’
palaʔd	palaʔd	‘palm (of hand), sole (of foot)’
palaʔpaʔ	palaʔpaʔ	‘palm branch’
palelaʔan	palelaʔan	‘mad, crazy’
paliʔ	paliʔ	‘cut, wound’
paluka	paluka	‘shoulder’
paŋa-na	paŋa-na	‘branch’
paŋi	paŋi	‘tree with edible leaves and fruit’; ‘Pangium edule’
paras	paras	‘weed, clear land’
paria	paria	‘edible gourd’; ‘Nomordica charantia’
parut	parut	‘sow seed, scatter’
patar	patar	‘flat, level’
pate	pate	‘die, kill’
patik	patik	‘write’
patiukan	patiukan	‘large bee sp.’
pay	paj	‘ray fish’
paɣər	paɣər	‘fence, enclosure’
paʔa	paʔa	‘thigh’
paʔan	paʔan	‘bait, lure’
paʔat	paʔat	‘chisel’
paʔit	paʔit	‘bitter’
paʔsək	paʔsək	‘put stick or post in ground’
pekoʔ	pekoʔ	‘bent, crooked, bend’
pelaʔ	pelaʔ	‘wound’
peos	peos	‘rub, stroke’
peraʔ	peraʔ	‘roe, fish eggs’
peret	peret	‘bat’
peʔ	peʔ	‘eat meat or fish’
peʔ-an	peʔ-an	‘taste’
peʔ-en	peʔ-en	‘fish’
pipi	pipi	‘cheek’
pira	pira	‘how muchʔ, how manyʔ’
pitu	pitu	‘seven’
piʔpit	piʔpit	‘blink (eyes)’
piʔpiʔ	piʔpiʔ	‘wet, urinate’
podos	podos	‘cane (generic term)’
poikan	poikan	‘sea turtle’
pola	pola	‘sugarcane’
popo	popo	‘hut on stilts’
potot	potot	‘short (of stature)’
potoʔ	potoʔ	‘short (of stature)’
poʔot	poʔot	‘belly’
pukət	pukət	‘net for catching fish or animals’
pulut	pulut	‘sap, glue, sticky’
puluʔ	puluʔ	‘decimal unit (tens)’
pupus	pupus	‘pierce, make hole (e.g. with hot iron)’
purut	purut	‘pick up, collect, gather’
pusuʔ	pusuʔ	‘heart, blossom (of palm, banana)’
pusər	pusər	‘navel’
pusəʔd	pusəʔd	‘navel’
putiʔ	putiʔ	‘white’
puus	puus	‘wring, squeeze, squeeze out, milk’
pəkuʔ	pəkuʔ	‘snapped by being bent, bend (e.g. branch) and snap’
pəla	pəla	‘dry’
pənar	pənar	‘buttocks, backside’
pənaʔd	pənaʔd	‘buttocks, backside’
pəndam	pəndam	‘feel, touch’
pəŋ-eroʔ	pəŋ-eroʔ	‘earthquake’
pəntuʔ	pəntuʔ	‘bitter (of taste)’
pənət	pənət	‘shut’
pəpolas	pəpolas	‘spleen’
pəra	pəra	‘dry’
pəru	pəru	‘bile, gall’
pərəŋ	pərəŋ	‘blind, shut eyes’
pəsaʔan	pəsaʔan	‘carry on the shoulder’
pəset	pəset	‘crowded, cramped, tight fitting’
pəsut	pəsut	‘burst, split open (e.g. fruit)’
pəsəl	pəsəl	‘empty, without contents (of fruit, grain), barren’
pətik	pətik	‘flick off/away (with fingers)’
pətik	pətik	‘heartbeat, beat (of heart)’
raami	raami	‘dry rice stalks, straw’
raaʔ	raaʔ	‘blood’
rabun	rabun	‘cloud’
raki	raki	‘grime, dirt on body’
rakut	rakut	‘bind together, tie in a bundle’
rama	rama	‘resin, tree from which resin is obtained’
ramaʔ	ramaʔ	‘resin, tree from which resin is obtained’
rano	rano	‘water, stretch of water’
rantoŋ	rantoŋ	‘hang (execute)’
raraŋ	raraŋ	‘warm by fire, roast’
raum	raum	‘sew or plait thatch for roofing’
raʔbus	raʔbus	‘snatch away’
raʔdan	raʔdan	‘ladder, stairs’
raʔdap	raʔdap	‘tree’; ‘Erythrina indica’
raʔndap	raʔndap	‘tree’; ‘Erythrina indica’
raʔrap	raʔrap	‘slash off palm leaves’
raʔrap	raʔrap	‘tree sp.’
reidəm	reidəm	‘dark’
rekoʔ	rekoʔ	‘bent, crooked, curved, bend’
rentek	rentek	‘work metal, forge’
reʔo	reʔo	‘thirst’
rikər	rikər	‘bind, wind round’
rimat	rimat	‘dense, close together’
rintək	rintək	‘fine, small’
riwu	riwu	‘thousand’
riʔrip	riʔrip	‘cut off, cut through’
rokoʔ	rokoʔ	‘cloth, material’
rouʔ	rouʔ	‘far, distant’
rua	rua	‘two’
rui	rui	‘bone’
rukut	rukut	‘grass’
rumun	rumun	‘brood (of hen), sit’
rupu	rupu	‘smallpox’
ruraɣ	ruraɣ	‘hollow, hole in tree’
ruu-na	ruu-na	‘corner, angle’
rəkat	rəkat	‘disused field’
rənet	rənet	‘long, stretch’
rəŋan	rəŋan	‘do together or at the same time, of the same age’
rəŋan	rəŋan	‘of the same age’
rəŋis	rəŋis	‘burn’
rəpa	rəpa	‘fathom, span of arms out-stretched’
rəpət	rəpət	‘fast, speedy, hard, intense (of wind, rain)’
rəpət	rəpət	‘hard, intense (e.g. of wind, rain), severe (of illness)’
rəraa	rəraa	‘girl’
rətas	rətas	‘break (e.g. of rope)’
rəɣəs	rəɣəs	‘wind, blow (of wind)’
sa	sa	‘if, when’
saap	saap	‘scoop, ladle’
sabey	sabej	‘hang over shoulder’
saka	saka	‘cockfight, stage cockfight’
sake	sake	‘ride, mount, board’
sakey	sakej	‘guest’
sakit	sakit	‘evil spirit which causes sickness’
saleisak	saleisak	‘rib(s)’
salu	salu	‘gutter, water channel’
samək	samək	‘dirty, unclean’
sao	sao	‘dew’
sapu	sapu	‘brush, sweep’
saput	saput	‘wrap, wrap up’
saru	saru	‘facing, face’
sawa	sawa	‘large snake sp.’
sawaŋ	sawaŋ	‘help’
sawut	sawut	‘pluck out, pull out’
saʔmək	saʔmək	‘dirty (person)’
saʔut	saʔut	‘banana (tree and fruit)’
saʔut	saʔut	‘stem of young banana tree (eaten as vegetable)’
sea	sea	‘they’
seaʔ	seaʔ	‘deviate, diverge, turn off (path)’
seer	seer	‘sting (of insect)’
seila	seila	‘they’
seisəp	seisəp	‘suck’
sekeʔ	sekeʔ	‘fight, do battle with’
seleŋ	seleŋ	‘wry neck, head twisted to one side’
seŋkot	seŋkot	‘sail’
sepər	sepər	‘dyke, dam, dam up, block’
serop	serop	‘slurp, sip (e.g. hot liquid)’
sey	sej	‘whoʔ’
seʔe	seʔe	‘shoot, sprout (from ground)’
seʔseʔ	seʔseʔ	‘push, shove, push out/away’
si	si	‘animate noun (singular) marker’
sia	sia	‘third person singular pronoun’
siaʔ	siaʔ	‘throw away’
siku	siku	‘elbow’
sikəp	sikəp	‘kind of hawk, snatch, seize’
sikəp	sikəp	‘kind of hawk’
sila	sila	‘they’
siliʔ	siliʔ	‘slope, incline, bank’
sinaʔi	sinaʔi	‘intestines, belly’
siow	siow	‘nine’
sipuʔ	sipuʔ	‘toothless, fall out (of teeth), pull out, pluck (fruit)’
siri	siri	‘sift pounded rice in pan’
siriʔ	siriʔ	‘slope, bank, side (e.g. of house)’
siriʔ	siriʔ	‘slope, incline, bank’
siwo	siwo	‘make, build, cook’
siʔsik	siʔsik	‘small beetle which bores in wood and crops’
sompoy	sompoj	‘pouch, bag’
sopit	sopit	‘pinch, clamp (with fingers, pincers)’
soʔsok	soʔsok	‘eat, bite at food (of pig, dog)’
subeŋ	subeŋ	‘jagged, chipped’
sudaa	sudaa	‘thorn’
suliŋ	suliŋ	‘play the flute’
suliʔ	suliʔ	‘take revenge’
sulu	sulu	‘claw, nail (of finger or toe)’
sumə-sula-na	sumə-sula-na	‘thorn’
suŋe	suŋe	‘horn (of animal)’
supi	supi	‘rheumatism’
supu	supu	‘boundary, border’
supu	supu	‘plot in rice field’
sura	sura	‘sharp spike placed in ground to trap animals’
surat	surat	‘plant .’
surur	surur	‘comb’
susud	susud	‘each, every, every time’
susur	susur	‘each, every, every time’
susut	susut	‘near, approach’
susuy	susuj	‘speak, say (something)’
suʔun	suʔun	‘carry on the head’
sədaʔ	sədaʔ	‘fish, eat meat’
sədi	sədi	‘isolated, secluded place, go to such a place (to defecate), defecate’
səla	səla	‘big’
səlat	səlat	‘gap, space between things’
səlaʔ	səlaʔ	‘big’
səlaʔsak	səlaʔsak	‘rib(s)’
sələt	sələt	‘insert (between two things)’
səmud	səmud	‘mouth’
səmur	səmur	‘snout, muzzle’
səmuʔd	səmuʔd	‘snout, muzzle’
səŋo	səŋo	‘blow’
səŋət	səŋət	‘ant’
sənsən	sənsən	‘satisfied, full (from eating)’
səpaʔ	səpaʔ	‘noise of smacking lips while eating, make such a noise while eating’
səpeʔ	səpeʔ	‘slap with open hand’
səpun	səpun	‘nasal mucus’
səput	səput	‘blowpipe’
səraʔ	səraʔ	‘fish, eat meat’
sə-saap	sə-saap	‘scoop (instrument)’
səwu	səwu	‘boil over (of water), put something hot in water (e.g. hot iron to harden it)’
səwu	səwu	‘foam, froth, effervesce, extinguish fire with water’
səɣuʔ	səɣuʔ	‘hiccup’
səʔbu	səʔbu	‘boil over (of water), put something hot in water (e.g. hot iron to harden it)’
səʔsək	səʔsək	‘cram in tightly, squeeze in’
səʔsəp	səʔsəp	‘suck’
taaʔ	taaʔ	‘plane, chop (wood) smooth’
tabəlaŋ	tabəlaŋ	‘bamboo (generic term)’
tadiŋa	tadiŋa	‘hear’
ta-hula	ta-hula	‘how muchʔ’
takura	takura	‘how muchʔ’
tali	tali	‘rope, string’
talikur	talikur	‘turn the back (on someone), part, separate’
taliŋa	taliŋa	‘ear’
talo	talo	‘cowardly, timid’
talun	talun	‘forest’
tanaʔ	tanaʔ	‘land, soil, ground’
tanəm	tanəm	‘plant’
tare	tare	‘newly, just, now’
tarəm	tarəm	‘sharp (of point)’
tasik	tasik	‘sea’
tawaʔ	tawaʔ	‘fat (on animal body)’
taʔan	taʔan	‘snare, set a snare’
taʔap	taʔap	‘winnow’
taʔi	taʔi	‘faeces, dregs’
taʔtak	taʔtak	‘chop down/through, fell’
taʔu	taʔu	‘know’
taʔun	taʔun	‘year’
teleb	teleb	‘fade (of colours)’
telew	telew	‘fly away, fade (of colours)’
telew	telew	‘fly’
teleʔb	teleʔb	‘fly away, fade (of colours)’
teŋkor	teŋkor	‘beat (drum, gong etc.) with stick’
tewel	tewel	‘fly’
teəʔ	teəʔ	‘throw away’
tian	tian	‘belly, stomach’
tiboy	tiboj	‘hold, grip’
tiey	tiej	‘pig’
tiis	tiis	‘drip, leak’
timu	timu	‘south, south wind’
tinaʔi	tinaʔi	‘intestines, belly’
tinaʔi	tinaʔi	‘intestines’
tiŋa	tiŋa	‘food caught between teeth, pick teeth’
tintiŋ	tintiŋ	‘clang, ring (noise), produce such a sound’
tipuʔ	tipuʔ	‘pluck (e.g. fruit)’
tipuʔ	tipuʔ	‘toothless, fall out (of teeth), pull out, pluck (fruit)’
tiwaʔ	tiwaʔ	‘oath, swear an oath’
tiwoo	tiwoo	‘reed sp.’
toitok	toitok	‘chop up finely’
toŋkoʔ	toŋkoʔ	‘peck (of bird), snap (of snake; crocodile)’
toŋo	toŋo	‘mite’
tonton	tonton	‘lower, let down’
tow	tow	‘person, born, live, grow’
towo	towo	‘liar, cheat, lie, deceive’
toʔd	toʔd	‘stand up, get up, put up, erect’
toʔor	toʔor	‘stand up, get up, put up, erect’
toʔtok	toʔtok	‘chop up finely’
tuama	tuama	‘man, male’
tuari	tuari	‘younger sibling’
tuduʔ	tuduʔ	‘point’
tudək	tudək	‘point, stab’
tuma	tuma	‘clothes louse’
tumiʔd	tumiʔd	‘heel’
tumpa	tumpa	‘descend, alight’
tunu	tunu	‘burn, bake, roast’
turaʔ	turaʔ	‘strike, stab with lance’
turuʔ	turuʔ	‘show, point out, instruct, teach’
tutuŋ	tutuŋ	‘kindle, light (fire, lamp), set alight’
tuʔa	tuʔa	‘old’
tuʔd	tuʔd	‘stump of chopped down tree’
tuʔmir	tuʔmir	‘heel’
tuʔu	tuʔu	‘indeed, really, truly’
tuʔur	tuʔur	‘origin, beginning, base, stump (of tree)’
tuʔur	tuʔur	‘stump of chopped down tree’
təbir	təbir	‘edge, side, bank’
təbəl	təbəl	‘sharp (of blade)’
təkəl	təkəl	‘sleep’
təkən	təkən	‘(walking) stick, staff’
təlu	təlu	‘three’
tələs	tələs	‘buy’
təmpok	təmpok	‘tip, point, extremity, end’
tənaʔ	tənaʔ	‘hit, strike (e.g. with stone)’
təŋaʔ	təŋaʔ	‘areca palm and nut, chew betel’; ‘Areca catechu’
təpe	təpe	‘mat’
təpeʔ	təpeʔ	‘mat’
təpəs	təpəs	‘suck, suck out’
təruŋ	təruŋ	‘simple hut or shelter in fields’
tə-teɣer	tə-teɣer	‘bamboo pole (for knocking down fruit)’
tə-tuun	tə-tuun	‘bunch’
təwaʔaŋ	təwaʔaŋ	‘kind of shrub planted as boundary hedge and near graves’
təwəl	təwəl	‘sharp (of blade)’
təʔdək	təʔdək	‘post, stake, stick stake in ground’
uala	uala	‘tusk, canine tooth’
ualu	ualu	‘eight’
uaŋ	uaŋ	‘grey hair’
uaŋ	uaŋ	‘howl, yelp (of dog)’
uasey	uasej	‘iron’
udam	udam	‘medicine’
udu	udu	‘head’
udud	udud	‘imitate, copy, follow’
ukaʔ	ukaʔ	‘half coconut shell (used as cup etc.)’
ulawat	ulawat	‘obstruction (especially on road)’
ulit	ulit	‘true, correct, real’
ulud	ulud	‘resemble, copy, imitate’
ulu-na	ulu-na	‘source (of river), leader (of a group), first (of litter)’
ulur	ulur	‘resemble, copy, imitate’
ulur	ulur	‘resemble’
uma	uma	‘(dry) cultivated field, gardens’
umaʔ	umaʔ	‘sheathe’
untap	untap	‘blow with bellows’
untəp	untəp	‘inside, interior, enter’
unəd	unəd	‘middle, centre’
unər	unər	‘middle, centre’
upaʔ	upaʔ	‘hen’
upuʔ	upuʔ	‘pick (rice), reap, harvest’
utək	utək	‘brain’
uwan	uwan	‘grey hair’
uwur	uwur	‘edible pith of palm trees’
waa	waa	‘live coals, embers’
waer	waer	‘pay’
waiʔ	waiʔ	‘hard outer wood of palm trees’
wakul	wakul	‘bird snare’
wale	wale	‘house’
walelaŋ	walelaŋ	‘sulphur’
wali	wali	‘accompany, escort, lead’
walian	walian	‘(pagan) priest, shaman’
walina	walina	‘other’
walu	walu	‘eight’
walulaŋ	walulaŋ	‘scar (of wound)’
walun	walun	‘provisions for journey’
waluŋ	waluŋ	‘provisions for journey’
waluy	waluj	‘transform, change (shape etc.)’
waŋ	waŋ	‘grey hair’
waŋe	waŋe	‘smell or taste bad (of food left too long)’
waŋkoʔ	waŋkoʔ	‘big’
waŋun	waŋun	‘beautiful, excellent’
wantaŋ	wantaŋ	‘large basket for storing rice’
wantoʔ	wantoʔ	‘childless, infertile’
wanua	wanua	‘village’
warat	warat	‘at an angle, slanting’
wareŋ	wareŋ	‘return, go back, take back’
waruk	waruk	‘tinder, flammable powder obtained from palm branches’
waruɣa	waruɣa	‘stone tomb in the shape of a house’
wataʔ	wataʔ	‘young tree’
watu	watu	‘stone’
watuna	watuna	‘seed, pit (of fruit)’
wauʔ	wauʔ	‘gravy, sauce, moisten food with gravy’
wauʔb	wauʔb	‘feed animals’
wauʔmb	wauʔmb	‘feed animals’
wawaʔ	wawaʔ	‘below, under’
waya	waja	‘all’
waya	waja	‘permit, allow, release’
wayoŋ	wajoŋ	‘swing, dangle’
waʔan	waʔan	‘sneeze’
waʔaŋ	waʔaŋ	‘tooth’
waʔkəs	waʔkəs	‘tie up, bind’
waʔu	waʔu	‘tortoise’
wee	wee	‘give, put, place’
weneʔ	weneʔ	‘rice in husk (in field or harvested)’
weʔ	weʔ	‘give, put, place’
wiaʔi	wiaʔi	‘here’
wikoʔ	wikoʔ	‘small prawn’
wiliŋ	wiliŋ	‘turn over, turn around’
wilit	wilit	‘sew’
wiŋi	wiŋi	‘slanting, sloping’
wiŋkuŋ	wiŋkuŋ	‘mattock’
wintiʔ	wintiʔ	‘kick person’
wiwi	wiwi	‘lip(s)’
wiwiʔ	wiwiʔ	‘lip(s)’
wiʔwit	wiʔwit	‘tug on rope’
wo	wo	‘and, with, (and) then’
wolo	wolo	‘albino’
wow	wow	‘smell’
wowoʔ	wowoʔ	‘dumb, mute’
woʔwok	woʔwok	‘hole (e.g. in ground)’
wuaʔ	wuaʔ	‘bear fruit’
wue-na	wue-na	‘rice grain’
wukaʔ	wukaʔ	‘open’
wuku	wuku	‘joint, knuckle, knot’
wuliŋ	wuliŋ	‘black’
wuluʔ	wuluʔ	‘thin bamboo sp. with great distance between joints’
wuŋaŋ	wuŋaŋ	‘flower’
wunoŋ	wunoŋ	‘pool, puddle’
wunuʔ	wunuʔ	‘kill’
wureŋa	wureŋa	‘egg’
wuri-an	wuri-an	‘buttocks, backside’
wuriŋ	wuriŋ	‘black’
wuriŋ	wuriŋ	‘charcoal’
wuruk	wuruk	‘bad, rotten’
wusəŋ	wusəŋ	‘plug, stopper’
wuta	wuta	‘full’
wuwuk	wuwuk	‘wood borer’
wuwuŋ	wuwuŋ	‘ridge of roof’
wuʔbuʔ	wuʔbuʔ	‘hole’
wuʔuk	wuʔuk	‘hair’
wuʔwur	wuʔwur	‘strew, scatter, sow’
wuʔwus	wuʔwus	‘pour out, empty out (a container)’
wuʔwuʔ	wuʔwuʔ	‘hole’
wədu	wədu	‘fatique, exhaustion, hard work’
wəla	wəla	‘floor’
wəlaan	wəlaan	‘cucumber’
wəlar	wəlar	‘spread out (to dry)’
wəlaʔd	wəlaʔd	‘spread out (to dry)’
wələŋ	wələŋ	‘eye’
wənaŋ	wənaŋ	‘debt’
wəŋi	wəŋi	‘night, dark’
wəŋkow	wəŋkow	‘spear, lance’
wəŋəl	wəŋəl	‘deaf’
wəroy	wəroj	‘hang down, lower’
wəru	wəru	‘new’
wərən	wərən	‘eye’
wəsa	wəsa	‘split, crack’
wəsiʔ	wəsiʔ	‘burst (of roasting corn), bake corn in ashes’
wəsu	wəsu	‘satisfied, full (from eating)’
wətiʔ	wətiʔ	‘burst (of roasting corn), bake corn in ashes’
wətiʔis	wətiʔis	‘calf (of leg)’
wəwene	wəwene	‘woman, female’
wəʔŋəl	wəʔŋəl	‘stupid’
ədo	ədo	‘day’
ələt	ələt	‘intervene, between, put between’
ənteʔ	ənteʔ	‘strong, forceful’
əntut	əntut	‘fart’
ənəm	ənəm	‘six’
əpat	əpat	‘four’
əpeʔ	əpeʔ	‘eat meat or fish’
əpeʔ	əpeʔ	‘taste, try, test, sample’
əram	əram	‘lease (land), rent’
əris	əris	‘sand’
ərut	ərut	‘roar, rumble’
əsa	əsa	‘one’
əsi	əsi	‘dry up (of river or pond), dry, waterless’
əsəm	əsəm	‘sour’
əta	əta	‘bran, chaff’
əti	əti	‘dry up (of river or pond), dry, waterless’
ətuŋ	ətuŋ	‘tilt (in order to pour out contents), lean over’
ətəduu	ətəduu	‘egg’

OUTOFPAPUA database: Lexicons of the West Papuan language area

Sneddon (1978c): Tondano

Search entries