Source entries: Sneddon (1978b)

Sneddon (1978b): Tombulu Kinilow

Original citation: Sneddon, J. N. 1978. Proto-Minahasan: Phonology, morphology and wordlist. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.

Search entries

Total entries: 711

Headword	IPA	Glosses
abahat	abahat	‘storm from the west (November to January monsoon)’
abak	abak	‘body’
abu	abu	‘ash, dust’
ade	ade	‘jaw’
adiʔ	adiʔ	‘sheet or mat on which to sit or lie’
aga	aɡa	‘tree sp.’; ‘Pterocarpus indicus’
ahdan	ahdan	‘ladder, stairs’
ahmut	ahmut	‘root’
akad	akad	‘until, the extent that’
akid	akid	‘scoop out rice from pot’
aku	aku	‘I’
akəl	akəl	‘sugar palm’; ‘Arenga saccharifera’
aliʔ	aliʔ	‘sheet or mat on which to sit or lie’
aliʔi	aliʔi	‘house post’
aləŋ	aləŋ	‘soot, black stain from smoke’
amaʔ	amaʔ	‘father (vocative)’
amaʔ	amaʔ	‘father’
amian	amian	‘north, north wind’
ampit	ampit	‘take with one’
anak	anak	‘child of someone, offspring’
anaʔ	anaʔ	‘child of someone, offspring’
aŋe	aŋe	‘go’
antaŋ	antaŋ	‘rise (of sun), lift up, noble, honoured’
anu	anu	‘someone/something or other’
api	api	‘fire’
apu	apu	‘finished, used up, finish off, use up’
apuh	apuh	‘lime’
apədu	apədu	‘bile, gall’
arihi	arihi	‘house post’
arəŋ	arəŋ	‘soot, black stain from smoke’
asaŋ	asaŋ	‘gills (of fish)’
asaʔ	asaʔ	‘whet, grind sharp’
asin	asin	‘salt’
asu	asu	‘dog’
asu	asu	‘draw water, scoop up water’
asuʔ	asuʔ	‘draw water, scoop up water’
asəŋ	asəŋ	‘breath, breathe’
ata	ata	‘slave’
atas	atas	‘above, on (top)’
ate	ate	‘liver’
atus	atus	‘hundred’
atəd	atəd	‘transport, convey’
atəp	atəp	‘roof, roofing (thatch)’
awəs	awəs	‘enough, increase, add to’
ayah	ajah	‘bright, morning light’
ayam	ajam	‘plait, weave’
aʔe	aʔe	‘foot, leg’
aʔsəŋ	aʔsəŋ	‘gills (of fish)’
babaʔ	babaʔ	‘below, under’
babi	babi	‘pig’
babo	babo	‘above, over’
baer	baer	‘pay’
baha	baha	‘live coals, embers’
bahiʔ	bahiʔ	‘hoe’
bahuʔ	bahuʔ	‘wet’
balahan	balahan	‘cucumber’
bale	bale	‘house’
balelaŋ	balelaŋ	‘sulphur’
bali	bali	‘accompany, escort, lead’
balian	balian	‘(pagan) priest, shaman’
balina	balina	‘other’
balulaŋ	balulaŋ	‘scar (of wound)’
balun	balun	‘provisions for journey’
baluy	baluj	‘transform, change (shape etc.)’
baŋeh	baŋeh	‘smell or taste bad (of food left too long)’
baŋkoʔ	baŋkoʔ	‘big’
baŋun	baŋun	‘beautiful, excellent’
bantoʔ	bantoʔ	‘childless, infertile’
banua	banua	‘village’
barat	barat	‘at an angle, slanting’
bareŋ	bareŋ	‘change direction’
baruk	baruk	‘tall, slender palm sp. which yields sago’
baruk	baruk	‘tinder, flammable powder obtained from palm branches’
batu	batu	‘stone’
batuna	batuna	‘seed, pit (of fruit)’
bauʔu	bauʔu	‘tortoise’
baya	baja	‘permit, allow, release’
baʔan	baʔan	‘sneeze’
baʔaŋ	baʔaŋ	‘tooth’
baʔkul	baʔkul	‘bird snare’
baʔkəs	baʔkəs	‘tie up, bind’
bebene	bebene	‘woman, female’
behe	behe	‘give, put, place’
beneʔ	beneʔ	‘rice in husk (in field or harvested)’
beybey	bejbej	‘hang down’
biaʔi	biaʔi	‘here’
bibih	bibih	‘lip(s)’
bibit	bibit	‘lift/carry by rope’
biliŋ	biliŋ	‘turn over, turn around’
bilit	bilit	‘sew’
biŋi	biŋi	‘slanting, sloping’
bintiʔ	bintiʔ	‘kick person’
bisa	bisa	‘whichʔ, whereʔ’
bitiʔ	bitiʔ	‘kick’
biʔis	biʔis	‘tick (on cattle and other animals)’
boboʔ	boboʔ	‘dumb, mute’
boho	boho	‘chase away, drive off’
bokbok	bokbok	‘hole (e.g. in ground)’
bolo	bolo	‘albino’
bou	bou	‘smell’
buaʔ	buaʔ	‘areca palm and nut’
buaʔ	buaʔ	‘fruit’
buaʔ-na	buaʔ-na	‘fruit’
bubu	bubu	‘fish trap’
bubuŋ	bubuŋ	‘ridge of roof’
budbud	budbud	‘sprinkle with fingertips’
buka	buka	‘open’
bukbuk	bukbuk	‘wood borer’
buku	buku	‘joint, knuckle, knot’
bulbul	bulbul	‘feather, fur, body hair’
buluʔ	buluʔ	‘thin bamboo sp. with great distance between joints’
buŋa	buŋa	‘flower’
buŋaŋ	buŋaŋ	‘flower’
buni	buni	‘hide, conceal, put away’
bunoŋ	bunoŋ	‘pool, puddle’
bunuʔ	bunuʔ	‘kill’
buri	buri	‘return, go back’
buriŋ	buriŋ	‘charcoal’
buruk	buruk	‘bad, rotten’
busbus	busbus	‘pour out, empty out (a container)’
buta	buta	‘full’
butbut	butbut	‘tug’
buʔuk	buʔuk	‘hair’
bəlad	bəlad	‘spread out (to dry)’
bəlah	bəlah	‘floor’
bənaŋ	bənaŋ	‘debt’
bəndu	bəndu	‘fatique, exhaustion, hard work’
bəndu	bəndu	‘trouble, distress, worry, hard work’
bəŋi	bəŋi	‘night, dark’
bəŋkow	bəŋkow	‘spear, lance’
bəŋəl	bəŋəl	‘stupid’
bəroy	bəroj	‘pour’
bəru	bəru	‘new’
bərən	bərən	‘eye’
bəsah	bəsah	‘split, crack’
bəsuh	bəsuh	‘satisfied, full (from eating)’
bətiʔ	bətiʔ	‘burst (of roasting corn), bake corn in ashes’
bətiʔis	bətiʔis	‘calf (of leg)’
dabaa	dabaa	‘lie transverse, across’
dahami	dahami	‘dry rice stalks, straw’
dahas	dahas	‘secondary pounding of rice (after winnowing)’
dahaʔ	dahaʔ	‘blood’
daki	daki	‘grime, dirt on body’
damah	damah	‘resin, tree from which resin is obtained’
dano	dano	‘water’
dapdap	dapdap	‘tree sp.’
date	date	‘cold’
dipdip	dipdip	‘cut off, cut through’
diʔdiʔ	diʔdiʔ	‘boil (of water)’
douʔ	douʔ	‘far, distant’
dua	dua	‘two’
duhi	duhi	‘bone’
duhu	duhu	‘corner, angle’
dukut	dukut	‘grass’
duniʔ	duniʔ	‘rainbow’
dəmdəm	dəmdəm	‘black’
dəpa	dəpa	‘fathom, span of arms out-stretched’
ebeh	ebeh	‘desire, crave, saliva, slaver, salivate’
edoʔ	edoʔ	‘earthquake’
ehdoʔ	ehdoʔ	‘earthquake’
ehe	ehe	‘give’
endo	endo	‘take, get, fetch’
eweʔ	eweʔ	‘desire, crave, saliva, slaver, salivate’
ey	ej	‘come’
eye	eje	‘come’
garot	ɡarot	‘write’
geygey	ɡejɡej	‘lift up, raise’
gio	ɡio	‘face’
gogar	ɡoɡar	‘break up, demolish’
gorit	ɡorit	‘dig hole with point of knife’
gorit	ɡorit	‘saw’
gərgər	ɡərɡər	‘shiver, tremble’
iap	iap	‘count’
iaʔi	iaʔi	‘this’
ikət	ikət	‘hang up on rope’
ila	ila	‘mole (on body)’
impit	impit	‘carry under armpit, squeeze with hand’
inaʔ	inaʔ	‘mother’
inaʔ	inaʔ	‘reduce, decrease, make less’
iŋkoʔ	iŋkoʔ	‘riddle’
ipag	ipaɡ	‘brother/sister-in-law’
ipi	ipi	‘dream’
ipus	ipus	‘tail’
ipən	ipən	‘gum(s)’
ipəs	ipəs	‘kind of small cockroach’
itoʔ	itoʔ	‘uncle’
kabal	kabal	‘thick skin, invulnerable’
kabisa	kabisa	‘whenʔ’
kahaŋ	kahaŋ	‘scab (on wound)’
kahat	kahat	‘snatch away, seize, wrest’
kahbiʔi	kahbiʔi	‘yesterday’
kalasey	kalasej	‘fish trap of bamboo lattice work’
kalebkeb	kalebkeb	‘wing’
kali	kali	‘dig to a shallow depth’
kalipoʔpoʔ	kalipoʔpoʔ	‘butterfly’
kamo	kamo	‘you (plural)’
kamu	kamu	‘you (plural)’
kan	kan	‘rice, eat’
kandoŋ	kandoŋ	‘make rope by spinning palm fibres’
kantaŋ	kantaŋ	‘slightly raised’
kantoŋ	kantoŋ	‘large, fat, castrated pig’
kapey	kapej	‘wave, beckon with hand’
karaʔkaʔ	karaʔkaʔ	‘boil (of water)’
karis	karis	‘stripe, streak, scratch’
karkar	karkar	‘scratch (in ground, e.g. of fowls)’
karot	karot	‘scrape, scratch (with fingernails)’
karətkət	karətkət	‘gnaw, grind teeth’
kasili	kasili	‘sel’
kaskas	kaskas	‘grabble, scrabble’
kaso	kaso	‘rafters’
katare	katare	‘first’
kay	kaj	‘wood, tree’
kayoŋ	kajoŋ	‘crab’
kayoʔ	kajoʔ	‘stir, mix’
kaʔawiʔ	kaʔawiʔ	‘yesterday’
kaʔis	kaʔis	‘scratch away (as chicken does), sweep away’
kehet	kehet	‘tap sugar palm’
kentoʔ	kentoʔ	‘lame, limp’
keret	keret	‘shout, cry out’
keseʔ	keseʔ	‘torn, tear’
keʔkeʔ	keʔkeʔ	‘laugh’
keʔol	keʔol	‘lame, crippled because of deformity’
kileʔ	kileʔ	‘tickle’
kima	kima	‘giant clam’
k-im-əsah umpoʔot	k-im-əsah umpoʔot	‘swollen belly’
kirkir	kirkir	‘stingy, thrifty’
kiskis	kiskis	‘file, grate, scrape, shave’
kita	kita	‘we (inclusive)’
kiuʔ	kiuʔ	‘have sexual intercourse’
kiʔit	kiʔit	‘follow’
kiʔit	kiʔit	‘small gnat’
kolintaŋ	kolintaŋ	‘xylophone (percussion instrument with series of wooden bars or metal cymbals)’
kolombiʔ	kolombiʔ	‘large freshwater mollusc’
korkor	korkor	‘scratch (e.g. when itchy)’
kotkot	kotkot	‘brush lightly with fingers to attract attention’
koʔkoʔ	koʔkoʔ	‘hen, fowl’
kuhun	kuhun	‘tall grass sp.’; ‘Imperata cylindrica’
kukuk	kukuk	‘crow (of rooster)’
kulat	kulat	‘kind of tree fungus’
kulit	kulit	‘skin, bark’
kulit	kulit	‘skin’
kumi	kumi	‘moustache’
k-um-urakura	k-um-urakura	‘whyʔ’
kura	kura	‘do something, act, howʔ’
kurakura	kurakura	‘whyʔ’
kurambəd	kurambəd	‘thick’
kurambər	kurambər	‘thick’
kureʔ	kureʔ	‘earthen cooking pot’
kuse	kuse	‘cuscus’
kutu	kutu	‘head louse’
kəbkəb	kəbkəb	‘nibble, bite off little piece’
kəbur	kəbur	‘turbid, muddy (of water)’
kədut	kədut	‘pinch (with fingertips), pluck off, nip off with fingernails’
kəikəp	kəikəp	‘embrace, enclose, fold the arms’
kəkəniŋ	kəkəniŋ	‘eyebrow’
kəkəw	kəkəw	‘carry in hand held against breast’
kələb	kələb	‘close with lit or top, put a lit on’
kəmbuʔ	kəmbuʔ	‘well up, bubble up (of water from ground)’
kəmkəm	kəmkəm	‘cover (e.g. eyes, mouth) with hands, hold in closed hand, handful’
kəməs	kəməs	‘wash clothes’
kəntəŋ	kəntəŋ	‘taut, tight (e.g. of rope)’
kəpkəp	kəpkəp	‘cover, embrace, hold to one in arms’
kəpəl	kəpəl	‘stick on, press on’
kəseʔ	kəseʔ	‘small freshwater fish with spiny back’
kəteh	kəteh	‘hard’
kəteʔ	kəteʔ	‘hard’
kətkət	kətkət	‘nibble, gnaw’
kətəp	kətəp	‘close together, without gaps (e.g. floor boards)’
kəʔkəp	kəʔkəp	‘embrace, enclose, fold the arms’
kəʔmbuʔ	kəʔmbuʔ	‘well up, bubble up (of water from ground)’
labah	labah	‘lie transverse, across, block way’
labih	labih	‘hut in fields consisting of a single slanting roof’
lagaʔ	laɡaʔ	‘large red ant which lives in trees’
lahad	lahad	‘itch, fibres on plants which cause itching’
lahad	lahad	‘itch’
lako	lako	‘go’
lalan	lalan	‘road, pathway’
lalaŋ	lalaŋ	‘road, pathway’
laləd	laləd	‘fly’
laləm	laləm	‘inside’
lampaŋ	lampaŋ	‘walk’
lana	lana	‘oil’
laŋit	laŋit	‘sky’
lanut	lanut	‘tough (of meat, fibres)’
lasot	lasot	‘fruit sp.’; ‘Lancium domesticum’
laʔar	laʔar	‘causing itch, itch’
laʔd	laʔd	‘causing itch, itch’
laʔməd	laʔməd	‘swallow without chewing’
leheʔ	leheʔ	‘neck’
lekaʔ	lekaʔ	‘bed bug’
leno	leno	‘clean, pure (of water)’
leno	leno	‘shadow, reflection’
leʔad	leʔad	‘lean backwards (e.g. to look up)’
leʔo	leʔo	‘hunger‘ .’
leʔom	leʔom	‘thirst’
lia	lia	‘Spanish pepper, ginger’
likud	likud	‘back (of body), carry on the back’
likud	likud	‘carry on the back’
likur	likur	‘back (of body), carry on the back’
lilaʔ	lilaʔ	‘tongue’
lima	lima	‘five’
limuhmuh	limuhmuh	‘rinse out mouth’
liŋkun	liŋkun	‘roll (cigarette), turn (soil)’
lintaʔ	lintaʔ	‘leech’
liput	liput	‘surround, encircle’
loaŋ	loaŋ	‘wide, spacious’
lolo	lolo	‘extract, pull out’
loloati	loloati	‘worm’
londey	londej	‘boat, canoe’
loŋon	loŋon	‘stupid, ignorant’
luar	luar	‘outside’
luaʔ	luaʔ	‘vomit’
lueʔ	lueʔ	‘tears, weep’
lukad	lukad	‘watchman, guard, keep watch’
lulud	lulud	‘shin’
lumut	lumut	‘moss’
lutam	lutam	‘gun, shoot’
lutuʔ	lutuʔ	‘cook’
ləbu	ləbu	‘torrent, flood, turbid, muddy’
ləbuh	ləbuh	‘flood’
ləbuh	ləbuh	‘turbid, stirred up’
ləbəŋ	ləbəŋ	‘bury’
ləkac	ləkatʃ	‘stubble, dried rice stalks’
ləkat	ləkat	‘disused field’
ləkəp	ləkəp	‘complete, finished’
lə-lətok-ən	lə-lətok-ən	‘toy which makes a noise like a cracker’
ləmbo	ləmbo	‘rise to surface, float on surface’
ləmbut	ləmbut	‘fat’
ləmeʔ	ləmeʔ	‘soft, gentle, tender’
ləməs	ləməs	‘suffocate, choke, drown’
lənas	lənas	‘pure, clean’
ləŋey	ləŋej	‘poor, needy’
ləŋən	ləŋən	‘arm (including hand)’
lənəd	lənəd	‘sink’
ləpət	ləpət	‘fold’
ləseʔa	ləseʔa	‘nit, louse egg’
ləsuŋ	ləsuŋ	‘mortar (in which rice is pounded)’
ləwu	ləwu	‘torrent, flood, turbid, muddy’
ləʔbuŋ	ləʔbuŋ	‘bamboo sprouts’
mamaʔ	mamaʔ	‘father (vocative)’
maŋuni	maŋuni	‘owl’
mataʔ	mataʔ	‘green (colour), unripe, raw’
meoŋ	meoŋ	‘cat’
muali	muali	‘happen, occur, become’
munte	munte	‘lemon, citrus’
muri	muri	‘behind, back, rear’
nabuʔ	nabuʔ	‘fall (from height)’
nanam	nanam	‘taste, flavour’
nanaʔ	nanaʔ	‘pus, fester’
naram	naram	‘tame’
ŋaŋa	ŋaŋa	‘wide open (of mouth), agape, gape’
ŋaran	ŋaran	‘name’
ŋaʔŋaʔ	ŋaʔŋaʔ	‘chew, munch’
ŋilu	ŋilu	‘on edge (of teeth)’
ŋiluŋ	ŋiluŋ	‘nose’
ŋiruŋ	ŋiruŋ	‘nose’
ŋəru	ŋəru	‘smell of bad fish’
ŋərəd	ŋərəd	‘slow’
ŋərən	ŋərən	‘slow’
ni	ni	‘possessive/agentive animate noun marker’
nihu	nihu	‘winnowing basket’
nipis	nipis	‘thin’
niʔnis	niʔnis	‘wipe, brush’
obar	obar	‘untie, unravel’
ohat	ohat	‘vein’
ombal	ombal	‘call out to (from afar)’
opoʔ	opoʔ	‘grandparent, ancestor, lord (title)’
owaʔ	owaʔ	‘body’
pagər	paɡər	‘fence, enclosure’
paha	paha	‘attic, loft’
pahi	pahi	‘ray fish’
paku	paku	‘kind of edible fern’
palad	palad	‘palm (of hand), sole (of foot)’
palaʔd	palaʔd	‘palm (of hand), sole (of foot)’
palaʔpaʔ	palaʔpaʔ	‘palm branch’
palelaʔan	palelaʔan	‘mad, crazy’
paluka	paluka	‘shoulder’
paŋa	paŋa	‘branch’
paŋi	paŋi	‘tree with edible leaves and fruit’; ‘Pangium edule’
paŋkur	paŋkur	‘beat (with hard object)’
pantik	pantik	‘write’
paras	paras	‘weed, clear land’
paria	paria	‘edible gourd’; ‘Nomordica charantia’
pasaʔan	pasaʔan	‘carry on the shoulder’
pasuʔ	pasuʔ	‘hot’
patar	patar	‘flat, level’
pate	pate	‘die, kill’
patirukan	patirukan	‘large bee sp.’
paʔa	paʔa	‘thigh’
paʔan	paʔan	‘bait, lure’
paʔit	paʔit	‘bitter’
pehos	pehos	‘rub, stroke’
pekoʔ	pekoʔ	‘bent, crooked, bend’
pelaʔ	pelaʔ	‘wound’
peraʔ	peraʔ	‘roe, fish eggs’
peret	peret	‘mouse’
peʔ	peʔ	‘eat meat or fish’
peʔ-an	peʔ-an	‘taste’
peʔ-en	peʔ-en	‘fish’
pira	pira	‘how muchʔ, how manyʔ’
pitpit	pitpit	‘blink (eyes)’
pitu	pitu	‘seven’
piʔpiʔ	piʔpiʔ	‘urine, urinate’
pola	pola	‘sugarcane’
pondos	pondos	‘slender cane sort’
poŋkol	poŋkol	‘decapitate’
popo	popo	‘garden hut’
popolas	popolas	‘spleen’
potot	potot	‘short (of stature)’
potoʔ	potoʔ	‘short (of stature)’
poʔot	poʔot	‘belly’
puhus	puhus	‘wring, squeeze, squeeze out, milk’
puikan	puikan	‘sea turtle’
pukət	pukət	‘net for catching fish or animals’
pulut	pulut	‘sap, glue, sticky’
puluʔ	puluʔ	‘decimal unit (tens)’
punti	punti	‘banana’
pupus	pupus	‘skewer, spit, pierce with skewer’
purut	purut	‘pick up, collect, gather’
pusuʔ	pusuʔ	‘heart, blossom (of palm, banana)’
pusəd	pusəd	‘navel’
pusəʔd	pusəʔd	‘navel’
putiʔ-ən	putiʔ-ən	‘white bird sp.’
pədəŋ	pədəŋ	‘blind, shut eyes’
pəkuʔ	pəkuʔ	‘snapped by being bent, bend (e.g. branch) and snap’
pəla	pəla	‘dry’
pənad	pənad	‘buttocks, backside’
pənaʔd	pənaʔd	‘buttocks, backside’
pəndan	pəndan	‘feel, touch’
pənət	pənət	‘shut’
pəra	pəra	‘dry’
pəset	pəset	‘crowded, cramped, tight fitting’
pəsut	pəsut	‘narrow, tight, press, squeeze, squeeze out’
pəsəl	pəsəl	‘empty, without contents (of fruit, grain), barren’
pətik	pətik	‘flick off/away (with fingers)’
rakut	rakut	‘tie up’
ramaʔ	ramaʔ	‘resin, tree from which resin is obtained’
rambun	rambun	‘cloudy, dark place’
rambus	rambus	‘pull up (weeds)’
raŋdaŋ	raŋdaŋ	‘red’
rantoŋ	rantoŋ	‘hang (execute)’
raprap	raprap	‘slash off palm leaves’
raraha	raraha	‘girl’
raraŋ	raraŋ	‘warm by fire, roast’
raʔdan	raʔdan	‘ladder, stairs’
raʔdap	raʔdap	‘tree’; ‘Erythrina indica’
raʔndap	raʔndap	‘tree’; ‘Erythrina indica’
rekoʔ	rekoʔ	‘bent, crooked, curved, bend’
rentek	rentek	‘work metal, forge’
reʔo	reʔo	‘thirst’
ribu	ribu	‘thousand’
ridiʔ	ridiʔ	‘boil (food)’
rikər	rikər	‘bind, wind round’
rimat	rimat	‘dense, close together’
ririh	ririh	‘yellow, pale, wan’
riʔndiʔ	riʔndiʔ	‘boil (food)’
riʔrip	riʔrip	‘cut off, cut through’
rokoʔ	rokoʔ	‘cloth, material’
rondod	rondod	‘straight’
rupu	rupu	‘smallpox’
rurag	ruraɡ	‘hollow, hole in tree’
rəbuŋ	rəbuŋ	‘bamboo sprouts’
rəgəs	rəɡəs	‘wind, blow (of wind)’
rəkat	rəkat	‘disused field’
rənet	rənet	‘long, stretch’
rəŋan	rəŋan	‘do together or at the same time, of the same age’
rəŋis	rəŋis	‘burn’
rəpət	rəpət	‘fast, speedy, hard, intense (of wind, rain)’
rəpət	rəpət	‘hard, intense (e.g. of wind, rain), severe (of illness)’
sa	sa	‘if, when’
saba	saba	‘large snake sp.’
sabaŋ	sabaŋ	‘help’
sabey	sabej	‘pubic hair’
sabut	sabut	‘pluck out, pull out’
sahap	sahap	‘scoop, ladle’
saka	saka	‘cockfight, stage cockfight’
sake	sake	‘ride, mount, board’
sakey	sakej	‘guest’
sakit	sakit	‘evil spirit which causes sickness’
sala	sala	‘put up in a higher place (e.g. on a rack)’
salah	salah	‘nest (of bird or animal)’
salaksak	salaksak	‘rib(s)’
salaʔ	salaʔ	‘error, mistake, do wrong, make a mistake’
saleisak	saleisak	‘rib(s)’
saluh	saluh	‘gutter, water channel’
sambey	sambej	‘hang (e.g. on shoulder, nail)’
samək	samək	‘dirty, unclean’
samək	samək	‘foul (language)’
sapu	sapu	‘wipe, sweep’
saput	saput	‘wrap, wrap up’
saru	saru	‘front, in front of, face’
saʔut	saʔut	‘stem of young banana tree (eaten as vegetable)’
seaʔ	seaʔ	‘deviate, diverge, turn off (path)’
sehed	sehed	‘sting (of insect)’
seila	seila	‘they’
seisəp	seisəp	‘suck’
sekeʔ	sekeʔ	‘fight, do battle with’
seleŋ	seleŋ	‘wry neck, head twisted to one side’
seŋkot	seŋkot	‘sail’
sepər	sepər	‘dyke, dam, dam up, block’
sera	sera	‘they’
serop	serop	‘slurp, sip (e.g. hot liquid)’
sey	sej	‘whoʔ’
seʔe	seʔe	‘shoot, sprout (from ground)’
seʔseʔ	seʔseʔ	‘push, shove, push out/away’
si	si	‘animate noun (singular) marker’
sia	sia	‘third person singular pronoun’
siaʔ	siaʔ	‘throw away’
sibo	sibo	‘make, do, carry out’
siksik	siksik	‘damage crops or fruit (of boring insect)’
siku	siku	‘elbow’
sikəp	sikəp	‘kind of hawk, snatch, seize, catch fish with hands’
sikəp	sikəp	‘kind of hawk, snatch, seize’
sila	sila	‘they’
sinaʔ	sinaʔ	‘pale, pallid’
sinaʔi	sinaʔi	‘intestines, belly’
siou	siou	‘nine’
sipuʔ	sipuʔ	‘toothless, fall out (of teeth), pull out, pluck (fruit)’
sisi	sisi	‘chicken (baby fowl)’
soksok	soksok	‘eat, bite at food (of pig, dog)’
sompoy	sompoj	‘pouch, bag’
sondaŋ	sondaŋ	‘dagger, stab’
sulah	sulah	‘thorn’
suliŋ	suliŋ	‘play the flute’
sulu	sulu	‘claw, nail (of finger or toe)’
suluʔ	suluʔ	‘torch’
sumbeŋ	sumbeŋ	‘jagged, chipped’
suŋe	suŋe	‘horn (of animal)’
supi	supi	‘rheumatism’
supu	supu	‘boundary, border’
sura	sura	‘sharp spike placed in ground to trap animals’
surat	surat	‘plant .’
surud	surud	‘comb’
susu	susu	‘breast’
susud	susud	‘each, every, every time’
susut	susut	‘near, approach’
səbu	səbu	‘foam, froth, effervesce, extinguish fire with water’
sədaʔ	sədaʔ	‘fish, eat meat’
səduʔ	səduʔ	‘hiccup’
sədəm	sədəm	‘ant’
səksək	səksək	‘cram in tightly, squeeze in’
səlah	səlah	‘big’
səlat	səlat	‘gap, space between things’
səlaʔ	səlaʔ	‘big’
sələt	sələt	‘insert (between two things)’
səmud	səmud	‘mouth’
səmud	səmud	‘snout, muzzle’
səmuʔd	səmuʔd	‘snout, muzzle’
səndih	səndih	‘isolated, secluded place, go to such a place (to defecate), defecate’
səŋo	səŋo	‘blow’
səŋsəŋ	səŋsəŋ	‘plug, stopper, plug up’
səŋət	səŋət	‘black ant sp.’
səpaʔ	səpaʔ	‘noise of smacking lips while eating, make such a noise while eating’
səpeʔ	səpeʔ	‘slap with open hand’
səpsəp	səpsəp	‘suck’
səpun	səpun	‘nasal mucus’
səput	səput	‘blowpipe’
səwu	səwu	‘boil over (of water), put something hot in water (e.g. hot iron to harden it)’
səʔbu	səʔbu	‘boil over (of water), put something hot in water (e.g. hot iron to harden it)’
tabah	tabah	‘call, call to, summon’
tabaʔ	tabaʔ	‘fat (on animal body)’
tabaʔaŋ	tabaʔaŋ	‘kind of shrub’; ‘Cordyline sp. planted as boundary hedge and near graves’
tabtab	tabtab	‘chop down/through bamboo’
tadəm	tadəm	‘sharp (of point)’
tahas	tahas	‘heartwood’
tahas	tahas	‘large tree sp., used for timber’
tahaʔ	tahaʔ	‘plane, chop (wood) smooth’
ta-hula	ta-hula	‘how muchʔ’
tahuʔ	tahuʔ	‘put into, put away, store inside’
taktak	taktak	‘chop down/through, fell’
takura	takura	‘how muchʔ’
talaʔtaʔ	talaʔtaʔ	‘skin disease causing pale patches on body’
tali	tali	‘rope, string’
talikud	talikud	‘turn the back (on someone), part, separate’
taliŋa	taliŋa	‘hear’
talo	talo	‘cowardly, timid’
talun	talun	‘forest’
tambəlaŋ	tambəlaŋ	‘kind of bamboo’
tanaʔ	tanaʔ	‘land, soil, ground’
tanəm	tanəm	‘plant’
tare	tare	‘newly, just, now’
tasik	tasik	‘sea’
taʔan	taʔan	‘set a snare’
taʔap	taʔap	‘winnow’
taʔi	taʔi	‘faeces, dregs’
taʔtas	taʔtas	‘cut through (e.g. rope, vine)’
taʔu	taʔu	‘know’
taʔun	taʔun	‘year’
Tdn	tdn	‘hot’
tehep	tehep	‘tree sp.’; ‘Artocarpus blumei’
teŋkor	teŋkor	‘beat (drum, gong etc.) with stick’
tete	tete	‘bridge’
tiaʔ	tiaʔ	‘throw away’
tibaʔ	tibaʔ	‘oath, swear an oath’
tiboho	tiboho	‘reed sp.’
tiey	tiej	‘call for pigs’
tihis	tihis	‘drip, leak’
tihoy	tihoj	‘sneeze’
timboy	timboj	‘hold, grip’
timuh	timuh	‘south, south wind’
tina	tina	‘female (of fowl, bird)’
tinaʔ	tinaʔ	‘blue (of bruise)’
tinaʔ	tinaʔ	‘pale, pallid’
tinaʔi	tinaʔi	‘intestines, belly’
tinaʔi	tinaʔi	‘intestines’
tiŋa	tiŋa	‘food caught between teeth, pick teeth’
tiŋtiŋ	tiŋtiŋ	‘clang, ring (noise), produce such a sound’
tipuʔ	tipuʔ	‘remove corn kernels from cob’
tipuʔ	tipuʔ	‘toothless, fall out (of teeth), pull out, pluck (fruit)’
tobo	tobo	‘liar, cheat, lie, deceive’
toitok	toitok	‘chop up finely’
toktok	toktok	‘chop up finely’
toŋkoʔ	toŋkoʔ	‘peck (of bird), snap (of snake; crocodile)’
toŋo	toŋo	‘mite’
tonton	tonton	‘lower, let down’
tou	tou	‘person, born, live, grow’
towaʔ	towaʔ	‘call, call to, summon’
toʔd	toʔd	‘stand up, get up, put up, erect’
toʔod	toʔod	‘stand up, get up, put up, erect’
tuama	tuama	‘man, male’
tuari	tuari	‘younger sibling’
tudaʔ	tudaʔ	‘strike, stab with lance’
tuduʔ	tuduʔ	‘show, point out, instruct, teach’
tuma	tuma	‘clothes louse’
tumiʔd	tumiʔd	‘heel’
tumpa	tumpa	‘descend, alight’
tundək	tundək	‘point with a piece of wood, prod with finger’
tunu	tunu	‘burn, bake, roast’
tu-tuhun	tu-tuhun	‘bunch’
tu-tunduʔ	tu-tunduʔ	‘finger’
tutuŋ	tutuŋ	‘kindle, light (fire, lamp), set alight’
tuʔa	tuʔa	‘old’
tuʔd	tuʔd	‘stump of chopped down tree’
tuʔmid	tuʔmid	‘heel’
tuʔu	tuʔu	‘indeed, really, truly’
tuʔud	tuʔud	‘origin, beginning, base, stump (of tree)’
tuʔun	tuʔun	‘place cooking pot on fire’
tuʔur	tuʔur	‘stump of chopped down tree’
təbaʔ	təbaʔ	‘slash, cut with sharpened bamboo’
təbiʔ	təbiʔ	‘break off (small piece of something)’
təbiʔ	təbiʔ	‘husked rice’
təbəl	təbəl	‘sharp (of blade)’
təktək	təktək	‘stake, post, stick (post) into ground’
təkəl	təkəl	‘sleep’
təkən	təkən	‘(walking) stick, staff’
təlu	təlu	‘three’
tələs	tələs	‘value, price, buy’
təmbir	təmbir	‘edge, side, bank’
təndək	təndək	‘straight (vertical), erect, stick up straight from the ground’
təŋaʔ	təŋaʔ	‘areca palm’; ‘Areca catechu and nut, chew betel’
təpeh	təpeh	‘mat’
təpeʔ	təpeʔ	‘mat’
təpəs	təpəs	‘kiss’
təruŋ	təruŋ	‘simple hut or shelter in fields’
uala	uala	‘tusk, canine tooth’
uaŋ	uaŋ	‘bark (of dog)’
uaŋ	uaŋ	‘grey hair’
uasey	uasej	‘iron’
uaʔ	uaʔ	‘slice open, disembowel’
uban	uban	‘grey hair’
ubar	ubar	‘untie, unravel’
ubi	ubi	‘edible tuber’
ubur	ubur	‘edible pith of palm trees’
udan	udan	‘rain’
ue	ue	‘rattan (generic term)’
uhmun	uhmun	‘sit on ground (not on perch; of hen), gather chickens under wings (of hen)’
ukaʔ	ukaʔ	‘half coconut shell (used as cup etc.)’
ukur	ukur	‘preordained time to die’
ulit	ulit	‘true, correct, real’
ulu	ulu	‘head’
uma	uma	‘(dry) cultivated field, gardens’
umaʔ	umaʔ	‘sheathe’
undam	undam	‘medicine’
untap	untap	‘blow with bellows’
untəp	untəp	‘inside, interior, enter’
unəd	unəd	‘middle, centre’
upuʔ	upuʔ	‘pick (rice), reap, harvest’
utək	utək	‘brain’
waluŋ	waluŋ	‘provisions for journey’
waŋ	waŋ	‘grey hair’
wauʔb	wauʔb	‘feed animals’
wauʔmb	wauʔmb	‘feed animals’
wewey	wewej	‘carry by hand with the load hanging down’
weywey	wejwej	‘carry by hand with the load hanging down’
weʔ	weʔ	‘give, put, place’
wiwiʔ	wiwiʔ	‘lip(s)’
wuliŋ	wuliŋ	‘black’
wuriŋ	wuriŋ	‘black’
wəlaʔd	wəlaʔd	‘spread out (to dry)’
wələŋ	wələŋ	‘eye’
wəŋəl	wəŋəl	‘deaf’
wəsiʔ	wəsiʔ	‘burst (of roasting corn), bake corn in ashes’
ədam	ədam	‘lease (land), rent’
ələp	ələp	‘drink’
əmbət	əmbət	‘gird, wrap round belly’
əŋah	əŋah	‘cough’
ənteʔ	ənteʔ	‘strong, forceful’
əntoʔ	əntoʔ	‘stop, wait, live (in a place)’
əntut	əntut	‘fart’
ənəm	ənəm	‘six, day, sun’
əpat	əpat	‘four’
əpeʔ	əpeʔ	‘eat meat or fish’
əpeʔ	əpeʔ	‘taste, try, test, sample’
əris	əris	‘sand’
ərut	ərut	‘thunder, rumble (of thunder)’
əsa	əsa	‘one’
əsi	əsi	‘dry up (of river or pond), dry, waterless’
əsəm	əsəm	‘sour’
əta	əta	‘bran, chaff’
əti	əti	‘dry up (of river or pond), dry, waterless’
ətuŋ	ətuŋ	‘tilt (in order to pour out contents), lean over’

OUTOFPAPUA database: Lexicons of the West Papuan language area

Sneddon (1978b): Tombulu Kinilow

Search entries