Source entries: Sneddon (1984c)

Sneddon (1984c): Ratahan

Original citation: Sneddon, J. N. 1984. Proto-Sangiric and the Sangiric languages. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.

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Headword	IPA	Glosses
aab	aːb	‘fern sp.’
aak	aːk	‘support or assist someone to walk, in procession’
ahuw	ahuw	‘rob’
ai	ai	‘fine ash from burned leaves, paper etc.’
āka	haka	‘topple over, fall over (of tree, house)’
akaŋ	akaŋ	‘eldest sibling’
ake	ake	‘water’
akel	akel	‘sugar palm’; ‘Arenga saccharifera’
ākir	hakir	‘tether (an animal)’
ākiʔ	hakiʔ	‘raft’
ākuʔ	hakuʔ	‘tie tightly, tie together’
alin	alin	‘pour, transfer rice seedlings to field’
amaŋ	amaŋ	‘father’
āmis	hamis	‘mix’
āmuʔ	hamuʔ	‘red’
āmuʔ	hamuʔ	‘root’
ān	han	‘light (in weight)’
anak	anak	‘child’
anam	anam	‘weave (mat, basket)’
-aŋu	-aŋu	‘dry, withered (of dead trees, fallen leaves etc.)’
anup	anup	‘come unexpectedly upon someone’
apa	apa	‘what’
apu	apu	‘lime’
ara	ara	‘if’
aren	aren	‘name’
arey	arej	‘chin’
arik	arik	‘kiss’
-aro	-aro	‘tame (of animals)’
asaŋ	asaŋ	‘gills’
asik	asik	‘dibble, make holes to plant rice seeds in’
asin	asin	‘salt’
ātaʔ	hataʔ	‘slaughter’
atey	atej	‘liver’
atís	aˈtis	‘soursop’; ‘Anona squamosa’
atup	atup	‘roof, thatch’
aus	aus	‘succeed (a person), change (clothes), replace’
āβ	haβ	‘sharpen (a point)’
aβak	aβak	‘body’
aβey	aβej	‘tap sugar palm’
aβiʔ	aβiʔ	‘climb (tree)’
aβu	aβu	‘ashes, dust’
āβun	haβun	‘cloud, fog, mist’
bayau	bajau	‘castor-oil plant’
bebeʔ	bebeʔ	‘carry on the end of a rope (held by hand)’
ē	he	‘tall grass sp.’; ‘Imperata cylindrica’
eheʔ	eheʔ	‘near’
eloʔ	eloʔ	‘feel, handle’
ēmbaŋ	hembaŋ	‘flame, flare up’
ēnes	henes	‘rotten’
eβe	eβe	‘saliva, crave, desire’
guhe	ɡuhe	‘tear, tear up’
hahuraŋ	hahuraŋ	‘parents’
hampas	hampas	‘rob, plunder’
hantoŋ	hantoŋ	‘hang (on gallows)’
haʔ	haʔ	‘lessen (load)’
hilír	hiˈlir	‘love, affection’
hinto	hinto	‘creeper, used for making rope’
hoha	hoha	‘pull apart (meat to eat), clean out (fish), disembowel’
huláy	huˈlaj	‘ask, request’
huraŋ	huraŋ	‘old’
ia	ia	‘large red ants which live in trees’
iáʔ	iˈaʔ	‘I’
iik	iːk	‘little, make little’
ikiʔ	ikiʔ	‘bind, tie up’
īmukur	himukur	‘soul, spirit’
indak	indak	‘breath, breathe’
induk	induk	‘hiccup’
ino	ino	‘bead necklace’
īntu	hintu	‘descend (stairs)’
inum	inum	‘drink’
ipi	ipi	‘dream’
irun	irun	‘nose’
irup	irup	‘fibres of sugar palm (used to make snares)’
isi	isi	‘tooth’
ītík	hiˈtik	‘swell’
itum	itum	‘black’
iup	iup	‘sip (hot food or liquid)’
iúr	iˈur	‘pull’
īβu	hiβu	‘thousand’
kaaβí	kaːˈβi	‘last night’
kahuraŋan	kahuraŋan	‘woods, forest’
kai	kai	‘sweep (with broom)’
kakaʔ	kakaʔ	‘older sibling’
kakiníʔ	kakiˈniʔ	‘tree sp., bark used for twine’
kaliák	kaliˈak	‘green parrot’
kalumuŋá	kalumuˈŋa	‘plant sp. like ginger, used medicinally’
kalupá	kaluˈpa	‘palm frond’
kameʔ	kameʔ	‘beckon with the hand’
kami	kami	‘we (exclusive)’
kampeeŋ	kampeːŋ	‘small wasp sp’
kan	kan	‘eat, cooked rice, food’
kaneaβ	kaneaβ	‘yesterday’
kaneren	kaneren	‘when’
kaŋko	kaŋko	‘waterplant, leaves eaten’
kanuku	kanuku	‘(finger)nail, claw’
kao	kao	‘scratch’
kapuna	kapuna	‘dog’
kapuʔ	kapuʔ	‘grass’
kararumá	kararuˈma	‘morning star (Venus)’
kasili	kasili	‘eel’
kasow	kasow	‘rafters’
kasuáŋ	kasuˈaŋ	‘ghost’
katil	katil	‘itch, itchy’
katón	kaˈton	‘python’
kau	kau	‘you (sg.)’
kaβus	kaβus	‘used up, use up’
kayaβ	kajaβ	‘fan fire’
kayu	kaju	‘wood’
kekeʔ	kekeʔ	‘quarrel, scold’
kele	kele	‘arm between shoulder and elbow’
kemboʔ	kemboʔ	‘back of neck’
kentoʔ	kentoʔ	‘lame, limp’
kepa	kepa	‘empty rice shell (in which fruit has not developed), chaff which blows away in winnowing’
kerap	kerap	‘flicker on and off’
kii	kiː	‘scrape, grate, shave’
kiiʔ	kiːʔ	‘backside, buttocks’
kiki	kiki	‘bite’
kilaʔ	kilaʔ	‘lightning’
kilís	kiˈlis	‘shrink, wrinkled, shrivelled’
kima	kima	‘large clam’
kimís	kiˈmis	‘squeeze, wring’
kinas	kinas	‘fish’
kiníŋ	kiˈniŋ	‘eyebrows’
kipíʔ	kiˈpiʔ	‘carry under the arm, squeeze, tight’
kirey	kirej	‘forehead’
kite	kite	‘we (inclusive)’
kitíŋ	kiˈtiŋ	‘taut, stretch (rope etc.) taut’
kiβíʔ	kiˈβiʔ	‘touch (someone) to attract attention’
koanen	koanen	‘right side’
koka	koka	‘tree with edible fruit similar to breadfruit’
kola	kola	‘fry without using oil’
kolay	kolaj	‘taro’
kombaŋ	kombaŋ	‘greedy, gluttonous’
kotok	kotok	‘top (e.g. of tree)’
koy	koj	‘left side’
koyaβ	kojaβ	‘yawn’
kuaeʔ	kuaeʔ	‘phlegm, mucus’
kukuk	kukuk	‘crow (of rooster)’
kuli	kuli	‘tough (of meat), hard (of wood)’
kuliʔ	kuliʔ	‘rope made from the bark of certain trees, bark, hide’
kumi	kumi	‘moustache’
kumpas	kumpas	‘tree with edible fruit’
kumú	kuˈmu	‘you (pl.)’
kun	kun	‘say, it is said’
kunir	kunir	‘tumeric’; ‘Curcuma longa’
kupa	kupa	‘tree sp. with edible fruit’
kupál	kuˈpal	‘thick’
kur	kur	‘dig’
kurilas	kurilas	‘spleen’
kurin	kurin	‘earthen cooking pot’
kuruŋ	kuruŋ	‘bend forward, bow the head’
kurúʔ	kuˈruʔ	‘pinch (with fingernails)’
kusey	kusej	‘cuscus’
kusu	kusu	‘rub between hands (as in washing clothes), remove rice grains from sheaf by rubbing between hands or trampling with feet’
kutu	kutu	‘head louse’
kuu	kuː	‘breadfruit’
kuuŋ	kuːŋ	‘bamboo basket to enclose fowls’
lalaiʔ	lalaiʔ	‘bad’
laliŋiran	laliŋiran	‘tree sp’
lamatik	lamatik	‘leech’
lana	lana	‘oil’
laŋow	laŋow	‘fly’
lanis	lanis	‘withered, dried out (of leaves)’
lansik	lansik	‘bounce, jump about, flap about (of fish out of water)’
lar	lar	‘foot’
lasia	lasia	‘nit, louse egg’
lasok	lasok	‘penis (crude term used only with reference to animals)’
leβa	leβa	‘lick’
lia	lia	‘ginger’
liás	liˈas	‘urine, urinate’
liáw	liˈaw	‘tree with edible fruit’
likur	likur	‘back’
lima	lima	‘five, hand’
limbuŋ	limbuŋ	‘round’
limís	liˈmis	‘drown’
limpurus	limpurus	‘whirlwind, waterspout’
limu	limu	‘lemon, citrus (general term)’
linaw	linaw	‘linow natural pool’
liŋo	liŋo	‘insane’
lipan	lipan	‘centipede’
lirik	lirik	‘(dry) cultivated field, gardens, bring land under cultivation’
lisi	lisi	‘strip off bark, come off in strips (e.g. skin if grazed)’
lisíŋ	liˈsiŋ	‘sour’
lisuŋ	lisuŋ	‘block on which rice is pounded, mortar’
liu	liu	‘window’
liβuáʔ	liβuˈaʔ	‘deep part of river where one can bathe, bathing place’
liwing	liwinɡ	‘grave’
loaŋ	loaŋ	‘loose, too wide’
lomay	lomaj	‘weak, feeble’
lombo	lombo	‘throw’
loso	loso	‘hot’
loβoʔ	loβoʔ	‘soft, tender’
low	low	‘day, sun’
lua	lua	‘spit out (e.g. food which cannot be swallowed)’
luha	luha	‘cooked, cook’
luháy	luˈhaj	‘laugh’
luká	luˈka	‘topple over (of a tree)’
lukar	lukar	‘guard, keep watch, watchman’
lukú	luˈku	‘fold’
lukúβ	luˈkuβ	‘enfold chicks under wings (of hen)’
lulai	lulai	‘paralysed’
lulir	lulir	‘roll (of ball etc.)’
lulun	lulun	‘roll up’
luluʔ	luluʔ	‘bamboo (general term), cook in bamboo’
lum	lum	‘shelter (from sun), overcast, shade’
lumu	lumu	‘soft, weak’
luŋaluŋá	luŋaluˈŋa	‘plant used for medicinal purposes’
luŋkúʔ	luŋˈkuʔ	‘moss, mildew’
lunó	luˈno	‘smooth’
lunow	lunow	‘green’
lupa	lupa	‘stinging nettle’
lutam	lutam	‘shoot’
lutów	luˈtow	‘rise (of sun, boil), emerge, come to surface’
lutuʔ	lutuʔ	‘cook’
luβák	luˈβak	‘pound rice’
luβáʔ	luˈβaʔ	‘cross (river, valley)’
mai	mai	‘come (to a place at the same level)’
ma-líʔ	ma-ˈliʔ	‘night’
malunsá	malunˈsa	‘blood’
mama	mama	‘chew betel’
mamán	maˈman	‘areca nut’
mamitin	mamitin	‘hang up’
manain	manain	‘stretch’
ma-naram	ma-naram	‘usually’
mangahiwu	manɡahiwu	‘weave’
mansal	mansal	‘forge, work metal’
manuk	manuk	‘fowl, bird’
mata	mata	‘eye’
mawutas	mawutas	‘behead, cut off head (of fish etc.)’
may	maj	‘rice (in field)’
maya	maja	‘all’
maʔ	maʔ	‘mother (vocative)’
mboyoŋ-boyoŋ	mbojoŋ-bojoŋ	‘large wasp sp.’
mbulalak	mbulalak	‘tree sp’
mbulu	mbulu	‘feather, body hair, fur’
-mis	-mis	‘sweet’
momo	momo	‘toothless, blunt’
mooŋ	moːŋ	‘mouth’
muaney	muanej	‘man, male’
muaya	muaja	‘pretty’
naiʔ	naiʔ	‘long’
namu	namu	‘dew’
nana	nana	‘pus’
nasu	nasu	‘cook’
natiŋ	natiŋ	‘plant sp., leaves eaten’
naβo	naβo	‘fall’
nayaŋ	najaŋ	‘play’
ndap	ndap	‘tree sp.’; ‘Erythrina indica’
ndeoŋ	ndeoŋ	‘tree sp’
ndipa	ndipa	‘rainbow’
ŋaŋa	ŋaŋa	‘open the mouth’
ŋeŋeŋ	ŋeŋeŋ	‘small yellow bee’
ŋgipu	ŋɡipu	‘soot on walls and ceiling of kitchen’
ŋkum	ŋkum	‘hold in hand’
ŋura	ŋura	‘young, unripe’
nipis	nipis	‘thin’
niu	niu	‘winnowing pan’
niú	niˈu	‘coconut’
nonaŋ	nonaŋ	‘tree sp., young leaves eaten’
ntul	ntul	‘large tree sp’
num	num	‘six’
nunuk	nunuk	‘banyan tree’
olay	olaj	‘spadix of sugar palm, from which toddy is collected’
ōma	homa	‘sheath (for knife)’
onas	onas	‘pound rice for the second time’
ōŋa	hoŋa	‘having teeth missing, fallen out’
onop	onop	‘scales of fish’
ōpeʔ	hopeʔ	‘Ficus sp. (berries eaten by birds)’
ōrow	horow	‘sharp’
ōto	hoto	‘slice (e.g. bread), cut’
owan	owan	‘grey hair’
oy	oj	‘mango’
oy	oj	‘rattan’
-oyow	-ojow	‘swim’
paa	paː	‘rack above fire for drying (fish, copra etc.)’
paapaʔ	paːpaʔ	‘tree sp. (not mangrove)’
paes	paes	‘hit with object (stick, whip etc.)’
pai	pai	‘ray (fish)’
pai	pai	‘there (at the same level)’
paihi	paihi	‘well’
paiʔ	paiʔ	‘bitter’
pakel	pakel	‘trip, catch toes while walking’
paku	paku	‘edible fern’
paler	paler	‘palm (of hand), sole (of foot)’
paluka	paluka	‘shoulder’
pasán	paˈsan	‘carry on shoulder’
pasik	pasik	‘insert stick or post in ground’
pasolo	pasolo	‘bamboo container (for holding herbs, paper etc.)’
patey	patej	‘die, dead’
patiukan	patiukan	‘large bee sp.’
pauru	pauru	‘bait’
payaŋ	pajaŋ	‘thigh’
paʔ	paʔ	‘four’
peaʔ	peaʔ	‘fish roe’
pensol	pensol	‘blunt’
pepe	pepe	‘wash clothes’
pile	pile	‘choose’
pipi	pipi	‘cheek’
pira	pira	‘how many’
pirís	piˈris	‘sting, smart, sore’
pisi	pisi	‘skin, bark’
pitik	pitik	‘flick with finger’
pitu	pitu	‘seven’
poikan	poikan	‘turtle’
polán	poˈlan	‘upper arm’
pona	pona	‘before, earlier, first’
pondan	pondan	‘pandanus’
pondol	pondol	‘tip, point, end’
posok	posok	‘having top or end broken off (of tree, wood etc.)’
potoʔ	potoʔ	‘cut off, chop off’
puay	puaj	‘cone shaped shell (fish)’
puír	puˈir	‘navel’
pukow	pukow	‘wake up’
pukú	puˈku	‘bend’
puliŋ	puliŋ	‘dust or grit in eye’
pulo	pulo	‘ten’
pulu	pulu	‘handle (of knife, hoe)’
puluʔ	puluʔ	‘gum, sticky sap’
pumpáŋ	pumˈpaŋ	‘bank of river’
pun	pun	‘trunk, tree’
punár	puˈnar	‘plug, stopper, plug up’
punay	punaj	‘dove’
pundal	pundal	‘paddle’
pundám	punˈdam	‘feel’
puŋkuʔ	puŋkuʔ	‘low’
puntás	punˈtas	‘pick rice, harvest’
purú	puˈru	‘gall, bile’
puruʔ	puruʔ	‘pick up’
pusir	pusir	‘whorl of hair’
puso	puso	‘banana blossom’
pusók	puˈsok	‘release, let go (from hand)’
pusúʔ	puˈsuʔ	‘press out, squeeze out (e.g. seed from fruit)’
putuŋ	putuŋ	‘fire’
puyu	puju	‘mad, insane’
puyun	pujun	‘grandchild’
raami	raːmi	‘disused rice field’
raamú	raːˈmu	‘nest on ground (of pig, rat etc.)’
rak	rak	‘chest’
rakel	rakel	‘many’
rakiʔ	rakiʔ	‘contagious (of disease)’
rakup	rakup	‘hold, catch’
ralen	ralen	‘road, path’
ralikan	ralikan	‘fireplace, hearth (on which cooking pot is placed)’
ralum	ralum	‘deep’
ramej	ramej	‘peace’
raŋen	raŋen	‘climb stairs’
raŋeʔ	raŋeʔ	‘high, height’
raŋow	raŋow	‘span (of hand)’
ranow	ranow	‘lake’
ransilan	ransilan	‘anvil’
rapo	rapo	‘descend on (e.g. pigs to vegetable gardens, bees to tuak)’
rapuan	rapuan	‘spouse’
rara	rara	‘coconut shell used as bowl or cup’
rare	rare	‘lean (against something)’
ra-riŋi	ra-riŋi	‘hear’
rarioʔ	rarioʔ	‘children’
rarua	rarua	‘two’
rarum	rarum	‘(feel) cold’
rau	rau	‘far, distance’
raum	raum	‘sew’
rauŋ-e	rauŋ-e	‘betel’
rayow	rajow	‘praise’
rea	rea	‘young shoots (around base of old trunk)’
reno	reno	‘bath’
res	res	‘pandanus sp’
reso	reso	‘store’
rikiʔ	rikiʔ	‘light (fire, lamp etc.)’
rila	rila	‘tongue’
rindíŋ	rinˈdiŋ	‘wall’
riŋan	riŋan	‘(act) together, carry’
ringkalen	rinɡkalen	‘tree sp.’
rinu	rinu	‘earthquake’
riri	riri	‘yellow’
riruŋ	riruŋ	‘shelter, protect, cover up’
rokoʔ	rokoʔ	‘pick up with both hands’
rondos	rondos	‘fall slowly, slip down, lower (e.g. on rope)’
roŋiʔ	roŋiʔ	‘gums’
roroʔ	roroʔ	‘alight, perch’
rou	rou	‘thirsty, thirst’
rua	rua	‘two’
ruhup	ruhup	‘face’
rui	rui	‘bone’
rulúk	ruˈluk	‘thunder’
rumák	ruˈmak	‘lie face down, lie flat (e.g. of rice flattened by rain)’
rumé	ruˈme	‘throw away’
rundúm	runˈdum	‘grow dark, evening’
runuk	runuk	‘flood’
rupá	ruˈpa	‘fathom (armspan)’
rusún	ruˈsun	‘descend (mountain)’
sa	sa	‘one’
saam	saːm	‘ant’
saaŋ	saːŋ	‘old dead leaves on tree, nest’
saeŋkel	saeŋkel	‘carry on strap over shoulder’
sahuraŋ	sahuraŋ	‘crocodile’
sai	sai	‘floor’
sai	sai	‘who’
saip	saip	‘scrape off, shave off’
saka	saka	‘climb (mountain)’
sakiʔ	sakiʔ	‘sick’
sakul	sakul	‘fight with a hand-held lance’
sala	sala	‘wrong, mistake’
saliu	saliu	‘overtake’
sa-luán	sa-luˈan	‘exchange’
sambe	sambe	‘intimate friend’
sampiŋ	sampiŋ	‘side whiskers’
samuri	samuri	‘behind’
sandih	sandih	‘near’
saŋu	saŋu	‘steam’
sara	sara	‘boundary’
sare	sare	‘lean against’
sa-sipiʔ	sa-sipiʔ	‘nippers (e.g. of crab)’
sa-soló-n	sa-soˈlo-n	‘lamp’
saup	saup	‘scoop up (with ladle)’
saβa	saβa	‘snake’
saβa	saβa	‘spouse’
sawuna	sawuna	‘north’
sayaβu	sajaβu	‘vine with edible tubers’
se	se	‘he, she’
seeʔ	seːʔ	‘hoarse’
seha	seha	‘shrub or small tree’; ‘Morinda citrifolia’
seley	selej	‘look to the side, turn, aslant’
sene	sene	‘raya there (northerly direction)’
sene	sene	‘there’
seoʔ	seoʔ	‘suck, smoke cigarette’
sepeʔ	sepeʔ	‘carry under the arm’
sesék	seˈsek	‘tight, crowded’
si	si	‘a person (dative marker)’
si	si	‘meat’
siáw	siˈaw	‘nine’
sikaʔ	sikaʔ	‘comb’
sikí	siˈki	‘bind tightly together’
siku	siku	‘elbow’
sila	sila	‘palm sp., leaves used for weaving’; ‘Corypha’
sindian	sindian	‘side (of body, house etc.)’
siŋíʔ	siˈŋiʔ	‘small animal with a foul smell, bad (of smell)’
sini	sini	‘here’
sinsíŋ	sinˈsiŋ	‘plug up’
sintak	sintak	‘lift (an object)’
siri	siri	‘separate grain’
siruŋ	siruŋ	‘shelter’
sisik	sisik	‘delouse, search for/catch lice (in hair) with fingertips’
siβík	siˈβik	‘want, desire’
sohel	sohel	‘stab’
sooβ	soːβ	‘burn (wood), burn down’
sosop	sosop	‘cigarette, smoke cigarette’
soy	soj	‘finished, used up’
su	su	‘at, to (locative marker)’
suán	suˈan	‘plant’
suapa	suapa	‘where’
suaʔ	suaʔ	‘creeper, juice from roots used to stun fish’
suhar	suhar	‘sting (of insect)’
suka	suka	‘vomit’
sukaʔ	sukaʔ	‘measure’
sukól	suˈkol	‘cough’
suláʔ	suˈlaʔ	‘between’
suléʔ	suˈleʔ	‘insert between two things’
sulúŋ	suˈluŋ	‘shelter (from sun, rain)’
sumpáy	sumˈpaj	‘hang over rope or rack’
sumú	suˈmu	‘nasal mucus’
sun	sun	‘carry on head’
suŋay	suŋaj	‘horn (of animal)’
suŋkap-án	suŋkap-ˈan	‘group, herd’
suŋkúl	suŋˈkul	‘dispute, oppose, argue’
supá	suˈpa	‘chew noisily, munch’
supúʔ	suˈpuʔ	‘blowpipe, use a blowpipe’
suráp	suˈrap	‘set (of sun)’
surapen	surapen	‘west’
susu	susu	‘breast (of woman)’
suuk	suːk	‘draw or scoop up water (e.g. in bamboo container)’
suβ	suβ	‘smoke, smoke (out), apply smoke’
suβáŋ	suˈβaŋ	‘rise (of sun)’
suβaŋen	suβaŋen	‘east’
suβáʔ	suˈβaʔ	‘name, mention’
suβú	suˈβu	‘foam, froth, extinguish fire with water’
suʔ	suʔ	‘enter’
səsa	səsa	‘nipa palm’; ‘Nipa fruticans’
taa	taː	‘chop wood into planks or beams’
taanak	taːnak	‘family’
taandum	taːndum	‘memory, remember, think of’
tahis	tahis	‘reef’
tai	tai	‘faeces’
taiti	taiti	‘rain’
takow	takow	‘steal’
takuʔ	takuʔ	‘fear, afraid’
tali	tali	‘rope’
talikur	talikur	‘turn the back, separate’
talutár	taluˈtar	‘rung, step, notch in tree to aid climbing’
talutúh	taluˈtuh	‘backbone’
tamata	tamata	‘raw, uncooked’
tambu	tambu	‘sprinkle with water, dampen’
tambun	tambun	‘cover over with earth’
tana	tana	‘earth, ground, land’
tanak	tanak	‘still, calm’
tanaŋaw	tanaŋaw	‘tanaŋow insect which damages rice’
taŋis	taŋis	‘cry, weep’
tani	tani	‘isolate oneself, alone’
tap	tap	‘winnow’
tapa	tapa	‘smoke food’
tapis	tapis	‘strain, filter’
t-ar-untuŋ	t-ar-untuŋ	‘noise, sound, noisy’

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OUTOFPAPUA database: Lexicons of the West Papuan language area

Sneddon (1984c): Ratahan

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