OUTOFPAPUA database: Lexicons of the West Papuan language area

‘3SG’; ‘nya’

Verb. ‘unintended’; ‘tdk sengaja’

Question word. ‘what’; ‘apa’

Noun. ‘event’

Personal name. ‘Acen’

Verb. ‘exist’

Noun. ‘costums’

Noun. ‘younger sibling’

Personal name. ‘Ado’

Place name. ‘Adonara’

Verb. ‘tired, sleepy, to feel sleepy’; ‘mengantuk’

Noun. ‘avocado’

Noun. ‘religion’

Interjection. ‘yes’

Verb. ‘go LEVEL, go, to go to a place which is located at the same height as the position of the speaker’; ‘pergi, pergi ke satu tempat yang berada di ketinggian yang sama seperti posisi penutur’

Noun. ‘end, sharp end of a knife or a machete’; ‘ujung, bagian tajam pada kapak, parang, pisau, dll.’

Verb. ‘come HIGH, come (to higher place), to come towards the deictic centre (the speaker) that is located at a higher place’; ‘datang dari bawah, datang (dari bawah), datang dari bawah ke arah penutur yang berada di tempat lebih tinggi’

Verb. ‘joke, to joke’; ‘bercanda’

Negator. ‘PROH, do not, don't (pre-predicate position)’; ‘jangan, jangan (di awal kalimat)’

Adverb. ‘finally’

Verb. ‘wear’; ‘memakai’

Verb. ‘make noise, make sound, to make a sound which comes from a clear source, such as a car or a bell’; ‘bunyi, berbunyi, berbunyi dari salah satu sumber, misalnya mobil, lonceng, ...’

Noun. ‘nature’

Noun. ‘ruin, ruin (of a house or a village)’; ‘bekas, puing-puing’

Noun. ‘origin’; ‘asal’

Noun. ‘tool’

Noun. ‘waist’; ‘pinggang’

Adverb. ‘apparently’; ‘sepertinya’

Noun. ‘tendon’; ‘urat’

Place name. ‘Alor’

Noun. ‘pounding stick, pounding stick made from bamboo used in a big mortar’; ‘batang tumbuk, batang penumbuk yang dibuat dari bambu dipakai bersama dengan lesung’

Noun. ‘good’; ‘baik, bagus’

Verb. ‘try (invitation), invite, try, to invite someone to try something, such as food’; ‘mencoba, coba, undang, mengajak seseorang untuk mencoba sesuatu, seperti makanan’

1. Noun. ‘father’; ‘bapak’

2. Honorific. ‘address for boys, boy (address), affective form of address for (unmarried) man’; ‘anak laki-laki (panggilan), panggilan kesayangan untuk anak laki-laki’

Adjective. ‘small, little’; ‘kecil’

Noun. ‘child, son or daughter’; ‘anak, anak kandung’

‘Andreas Olak’

Noun. ‘thing’; ‘benda’

Noun. ‘member’

Noun. ‘wind’; ‘angin’

Verb. ‘lift’

Personal name. ‘Ani’

Verb. ‘plait’

Noun. ‘apple’

Noun. ‘fire’; ‘api’

Noun. ‘lime’; ‘kapur’

Noun. ‘drinking water’

Verb. ‘do, to do’; ‘membuat, buat’

Conjunction. ‘but’; ‘tetapi’

Noun. ‘liquor’

Adverb. ‘enough’; ‘sudah’

Verb. ‘translate’

Noun. ‘meaning’

Noun. ‘soal’

Noun. ‘origin’

Noun. ‘origin’

Verb. ‘whet, to whet (for example a knife or an arrow)’; ‘menajamkan, tajamkan, menajamkan (pisau, anak panah, dan sebagainya)’

Verb. ‘pound, pound (corn), to pound corn to clean it from rotten parts’; ‘menumbuk, tumbuk (jagung), menumbuk jagung untuk membersihkannya dari bagian rusak’

Noun. ‘other, others’; ‘yang lainnya, yang lain, lain’

Adjective. ‘original’

Noun. ‘person’; ‘orang’

Conjunction. ‘REL, which, who, relativizer used to relativize subject nouns’; ‘yang’

Place name. ‘Ata Ili (Mountain People)’

Proper Noun. ‘Ata Uja Wai Lolo, The Ata Uja clan that originally comes from Bakan.’

Proper Noun. ‘Ata Ujan’

Conjunction. ‘or’

Verb. ‘not reach, not reaching something located at a higher place that one wants to grab with one's hands’; ‘tidak sampai, tidak sampai dengan tangan ketika mau mengambil benda yang terletak di tempat yang tinggi’

Verb. ‘arrange’

Noun. ‘dog’; ‘anjing’

Noun. ‘spouse’; ‘suami, isteri’

Compound. ‘beginning’

Conjunction. ‘at first’

Noun. ‘face’; ‘muka’

Verb. ‘call in, reconcile, to reconcile with a family member that was excluded from the family because of a conflict by calling that person to come back into the house’; ‘panggil masuk, memanggil masuk ke dalam rumah sesudah putus kekerabatan untuk memulihkan hubungan kekeluargaan’

Place name. ‘Awo Lolon’

Particle. ‘REGRET, expresses a feeling of regret’; ‘kah, ada perasaan, penyesalan, tidak marah tapi mau memberi koreksi’

Verb. ‘read’

Negator. ‘PROH, do not, don't (post-predicate)’; ‘jangan, jangan (di akhir kalimat)’

Noun. ‘morning’; ‘pagi’

1. Verb. ‘divide’

2. Verb. ‘distribute’

3. Verb. ‘share’

Verb. ‘divide two’

Noun. ‘part’

Noun. ‘language’

Conjunction. ‘that’

Verb. ‘feel’; ‘merasa’

Adjective. ‘good’

Verb. ‘pound, pound (rice), to pound rice’; ‘menumbuk, tumbuk, menumbuk padi’

Place name. ‘Bakan’

Verb. ‘cut down, to cut something down, such as a tree or bananas, using a tool’; ‘menumbangkan, tumbangkan, memotong dengan alat sehingga pohon tumbang atau memotong pisang dari pohon’

Verb. ‘give birth, give birth (for animals)’; ‘beranak, beranak (untuk binatang)’

Proper Noun. ‘Baki Or’

1. Verb. ‘build, to build’; ‘membangun’

2. Verb. ‘erect, to erect’; ‘membangunkan’

Noun. ‘ball’; ‘bola’

Noun. ‘ivory’; ‘gading’

‘Bala’

Verb. ‘body pain, pain (body), to feel pain throughout the whole body’; ‘sakit di badan, sakit (badan), merasa badan sakit (seluruhnya)’

Verb. ‘clean cotton, to clean raw cotton from its seeds using a tool called "malok"’; ‘bersihkan kapas, membersihkan kapas, membersihkan kapas dari bijinya dengan menggunakan alat bernama " malok"’

Personal name. ‘Balwuri’

Verb. ‘flow, to flow’; ‘mengalir’

Verb. ‘stand up’; ‘bangun’

Noun. ‘magic power’; ‘kekuatan ghaib’

Noun. ‘bank’

Verb. ‘help’

Noun. ‘father’; ‘bapak’

1. Noun. ‘father’

2. Honorific. ‘God Father’

Verb. ‘carry, to carry something on one shoulder, such as wood for example’; ‘memikul, memikul barang di bahu (satu sisi), misalnya kayu’

Noun. ‘goods’

Place name. ‘Baranusa’

Noun. ‘West’

Personal name. ‘Barek’

Verb. ‘pick, harvest’; ‘memetik’

Noun. ‘line’

Adverb. ‘only then’

Particle. ‘in vain’; ‘percuma’

Verb. ‘wash, to wash cloths’; ‘mencuci, mencuci pakaian’

Noun. ‘basin’

1. Verb. ‘seperate’

2. Noun. ‘border’

Verb. ‘hunt’; ‘berburu’

Verb. ‘pull out’; ‘mencabut’

Noun. ‘stone’

Verb. ‘throw, to throw far with the hand reaching high, from back to front’; ‘melempar, melempar jauh pakai tangan yang tinggi’

Noun. ‘ficus tree’; ‘pohon beringin, beringin’

Verb. ‘sit’; ‘duduk’

Noun. ‘kind of drum, drum’; ‘genderang’

Verb. ‘bring’; ‘membawa’

Verb. ‘draw, draw (bow), to draw a bow, pulling the bow back with the arm’; ‘menarik, tarik (busur), menarik busur dengan tangan’

Noun. ‘second wife’; ‘isteri kedua’

Adverb. ‘rather’; ‘agak’

Adjective. ‘different’

Verb. ‘give, to give’; ‘memberikan, kasih, berikan, memberikan atau kasih’

Adverb. ‘like that’

Verb. ‘fly’; ‘terbang’

1. Verb. ‘lift, lifted, to lift or to be lifted’; ‘mengangkat, terangkat, terangkat atau mengangkat’

2. Verb. ‘pull out’; ‘mencabut’

Verb. ‘not care’; ‘tak peduli’

Verb. ‘let ripe, to keep a fruit at a place to let it get ripe’; ‘menyimpan buah supaya masak, menyimpan buah di satu tempat supaya cepat masak’

Verb. ‘study’

Noun. ‘bamboo sp., bamboo (species), big kind of bamboo’; ‘sj. bambu, bambu (sejenis), bambu yang berukuran besar, hampir sama dengan bambu pêrim’

Noun. ‘mother's sister, sister of one's mother’; ‘saudara perempuan dari ibu, saudarinya ibu’

Locational. ‘SIDE, there, location which is away from the speaker but at the same height as the speaker's location’; ‘di sana, sana, di tempat yang sedikit jauh dari penutur tetapi terletak di ketinggian yang sama dengan penutur’

Noun. ‘bride price’

1. Verb. ‘appear, to appear out of the ground’; ‘muncul, muncul dari tanah’

2. Verb. ‘change skin, to change skin (for animals, such as snakes, butterflies etc.)’; ‘ganti kulit, ganti kulit (untuk binatang seperti ular, kepompong, kupu-kupu, dll.)’

Verb. ‘turn’

1. Verb. ‘cut, to cut, usually with a machete’; ‘memotong, potong, memotong, kebanyakan memakai parang’

2. Verb. ‘start playing, to start to throw a seed when playing klubu, a game for boys using Balam seeds’; ‘memulai permainan, bermain (mulai), melempar biji balam untuk memulai permainan klubu, yaitu salah satu permainan untuk anak laki-laki’

Noun. ‘thread’

Adjective. ‘correct’

Noun. ‘disaster’

1. Locational. ‘PROX, here, place where the speaker is located (here)’; ‘di sini, sini, tempat di mana penutur berada (di sini)’

2. Particle. ‘PROX, in a bit, later, pointing to the near future (in a bit, later, not long after this)’; ‘sebentar lagi, sebentar’

Noun. ‘closely related, related (closely)’; ‘keluarga dekat’

Verb. ‘smoke, smoke (to dry something), to dry something, such as candlenuts, fish, coconut flesh, using smoke’; ‘mengasapi, mengasapi, misalnya kemiri, ikan atau kopra’

Noun. ‘continent’

Noun. ‘monitor lizard’; ‘biawak’

Verb. ‘take seeds, remove corn seeds, to remove the corn seeds from a corn cob’; ‘mengambil biji, mengambil biji jagung, mengambil/ melepaskan biji dari jagung’

Adverb. ‘fast’; ‘cepat’

Verb. ‘brave’

1. Conjunction. ‘consequently’

2. Conjunction. ‘that means’

Verb. ‘originate’

Adjective. ‘heavy’; ‘berat’

Verb. ‘top’

Verb. ‘interact’

Verb. ‘following’

Adjective. ‘following’

Adjective. ‘believing’

Verb. ‘proceed’

Verb. ‘struggle’

Noun. ‘blessing’

Verb. ‘develop’

Adverb. ‘together’

Adjective. ‘clean’

Verb. ‘clean’

Verb. ‘sneeze’

Verb. ‘ask’

Honorific. ‘Aunt’

Honorific. ‘older sibling of parents’

Verb. ‘serve, serve from dish, to serve food from a dish using a server’; ‘mengangkat makanan, mengankat makanan, mengangkat makanan (nasi, sayur) dari tempatnya pakai alat’

Locational. ‘DIST VIS, there, location which is away from the speaker but still visible’; ‘situ, tempat yang sedikit jauh dari penutur tetapi tetap dapat terlihat’

1. Verb. ‘explode’; ‘meletus’

2. Verb. ‘broken’; ‘pecah’

Verb. ‘stumble, to stumble’; ‘terantuk’

Adverb. ‘correct’

Noun. ‘hut’; ‘pondok’

Verb. ‘not know’; ‘tidak tahu’

Verb. ‘let’

1. Verb. ‘used to’

2. Adjective. ‘normal’

1. Adverb. ‘as usual’

2. Adjective. ‘usual’

Adverb. ‘usually’

Noun. ‘seed’

Verb. ‘pour, to pour a drink into a glass’; ‘menuang, menuang minuman ke dalam gelas’

Verb. ‘say’

Noun. ‘sister’; ‘saudara perempuan, saudari’

Noun. ‘female’; ‘perempuan’

Verb. ‘can’

Verb. ‘break, to break’; ‘pecahkan, memecahkan’

Verb. ‘weaving process, weaving process (kind of), to lift the stick that is called "gurung" to open the way for the weaving swort "surit"’; ‘proses tenun, proses tenun (sejenis), mengangkat batang yang dipanggil " gurung" untuk membuka jalan supaya " surit" bisa masuk’

Verb. ‘lift, to lift something from the ground using both hands’; ‘mengangkat, mengangkat sesuatu dari bawah dengan mengunakan dua tangan’

Verb. ‘open, to open’; ‘membuka’

Locational. ‘HILL, there (higher), location which is located further up (the hill) than the place where the speaker is located’; ‘atas, di sana (arah ke atas), sana (arah ke atas), tempat yang lebih tinggi daripada tempat di mana penutur sedang berada’

Locational. ‘HIGH, there (high), location which is located further up than the location of the speaker’; ‘atas, sana, di sana, tempat yang lebih tinggi daripada posisi penutur’

Locational. ‘LOW, there (low), location which is located further down than the place where the speaker is located’; ‘bawah, sana, di sana, tempat yang berada lebih rendah daripada tempat penutur’

Noun. ‘snake sp., snake (species)’; ‘sj. ular, ular (sejenis)’

Noun. ‘Malay’; ‘Melayu’

Locational. ‘behind’

Noun. ‘naked’; ‘telanjang’

Locational. ‘PROX, here, location where the speaker is located (here)’; ‘sini, di sini, tempat di mana penutur berada (di sini)’

Noun. ‘wasp sp., wasp (species), black kind of wasp whose house is big and black’; ‘sj. tabuhan, tabuhan (sejenis), sejenis tabuhan yang hitam, rumahnya hitam dan besar’

Noun. ‘ceremonial objects, ceremonial goods’; ‘barang adat’

Locational. ‘SEA, there (seawards), location which is further down (towards the sea) than the speaker is located’; ‘bawah, sana, di sana, tempat yang berada lebih rendah daripada posisi penutur (ke arah laut)’

Noun. ‘weaving tool, weaving tool (a kind of), thin piece of wood for weaving’; ‘alat tenun, alat tenun (sejenis), sebatang kayu tipis untuk bertenun’

Noun. ‘burden stick, wooden stick to carry things on the shoulders’; ‘alat pemikul, alat pemikul barang di bahu’

Noun. ‘k. of basket, basket (kind of), kind of woven basket to store things’; ‘sj. anyaman, anyaman (sejenis), sejenis anyaman untuk menyimpan barang’

Noun. ‘cage, cage (for pigs), cage for pigs’; ‘kandang, kandang (babi), kandang babi’

1. Verb. ‘pierce, to make an ear hole using a thin sharp stick’; ‘menusuk, tusuk (telinga), proses memasukkan potongan lidi untuk melubangi telinga buat anting’

2. Verb. ‘menutup sesuatu (misalnya mata botol) dengan menusuk penutupnya ke dalam’

Verb. ‘look back’; ‘menoleh ke belakang, menoleh (ke balakang)’

Noun. ‘stupid’; ‘bodoh’

Noun. ‘earthquake’; ‘gempa bumi’

Noun. ‘protector, protector (on fields), wooden protection to keep the rain water from carrying away the soil on the field’; ‘pematang’

Proper Noun. ‘Bliko Lolo’

Noun. ‘clear, clear (eyes)’; ‘terang, terang (mata)’

Noun. ‘k. of weaving tool, weaving tool (kind of), stick with thread that is pushed between the weaving threads’; ‘sj. alat tenun, alat tenun (sejenis), batang untuk memasukkan benang tenun di antara benang lain’

Verb. ‘look down, to gaze quickly towards the ground’; ‘melihat ke bawah, melihat ke bawah sebentar, tidak lama’

Noun. ‘very small, tiny, small, very small or tiny (for things)’; ‘kecil sekali, kecil (sekali), kecil sekali (untuk benda)’

Verb. ‘fall (tears)’; ‘meneteskan (air mata), tetes (air mata), meneteskan air mata’

Verb. ‘pregnant, pregnant (heavy with young), pregnant (only for animals)’; ‘bunting, bunting (untuk binatang saja)’

Noun. ‘guava’; ‘jambu’

Verb. ‘rest, take a rest, to take a test’; ‘beristirahat’

1. Noun. ‘full, crowded, full (of people for example)’; ‘penuh, ramai, penuh sesak (misalnya dengan orang)’

2. Noun. ‘covered, covered (with clouds), cloudy, to cover the sky (only for clouds)’; ‘tertutup, mendung, tertutup (awan), menutupi langit (dalam konteks awan saja)’

3. Noun. ‘fog’; ‘kabut’

Noun. ‘field, square, open space, big open space, such as a field or a square in a village’; ‘lapangan, tempat yang luas’

Noun. ‘corner’; ‘tikungan’

Verb. ‘want’; ‘menginginkan’

Noun. ‘clever’; ‘pintar’

Noun. ‘lazy’; ‘malas’

Noun. ‘obstacle’; ‘hambatan’

Noun. ‘thread winder, weaving tool (a kind of), tool to wind threat, it is made from wood and pinced into the soil or a bottle’; ‘penggulung benang, alat bertenun (sejenis), alat gulung benang, terbuat dari kayu dan ditusuk di tanah atau botol’

Particle. ‘??, unexpectedly, surprisingly’

Question word. ‘why’; ‘kenapa, mengapa, sebab apa’

Place name. ‘Bo Slama’

Verb. ‘lift’; ‘mengangkat’

Noun. ‘ball’

Compound. ‘basket ball’

Verb. ‘pick, harvest, to pick banana hearts’; ‘memetik, petik, memetik jantung pisang’

Verb. ‘allowed’

Verb. ‘make candlenut lamp, make a candlenut lamp, process of fixing a mix of candlenut and cotton on a bamboo stick to create an oil lamp’; ‘membuat lampu kemiri, buat lampu kemiri, proses melekatkan campuran kemiri dan kapas ke bambu untuk membuat lampu’

Personal name. ‘Boli’

Noun. ‘jackfruit glue, glue (from jackfruit), kind of glue made from jackfuits’; ‘lem nangka, lem terbuat dari nangka’

Noun. ‘ballpen’

Noun. ‘men food, food (for male), food that only men are allowed to eat’; ‘makanan laki-laki, bagian dari makanan yang hanya boleh dimakan laki-laki’

Verb. ‘cotton blossom, blossom (cotton), to bloom (cotton plant which is the basic material to produce a cotton thread)’; ‘bunga kapas, berbunga (kapas), berbunga (kapas yang menjadi bahan dasar untuk membuat benang)’

Verb. ‘burp’; ‘bersendawa’

Noun. ‘ritual stone in garden, stone (for rituals), big stone specifically used for rituals located in a garden field outside the village’; ‘batu adat di kebun, batu (untuk acara adat), sebuah batu besar yang terletak di kebun dan digunakan untuk kebutuhan upacara adat’

Verb. ‘bored’

Verb. ‘crack candlenut, crack (candlenuts), to crack a candlenut (the first hit)’; ‘meniti kemiri, titi kemiri, meniti kemiri (pukulan pertama)’

Honorific. ‘youngest sibling, youngest (of siblings), form of address for an adult that is the last child in a family’; ‘bungsu, panggilan untuk orang dewasa yang menjadi anak terakhir dalam keluarga’

Noun. ‘sand’; ‘pasir’

Noun. ‘bottle’; ‘botol’

Verb. ‘scattered, something is scattered over an area, such as candlenuts under a tree’; ‘berhamburan, berhamburan, misalnya kemiri di bawah pohon, dll’

Verb. ‘assemble’; ‘mengumpulkan’

Verb. ‘carry, hold, to hold or carry a person, for example a child’; ‘menggendong, menggendong anak atau orang’

Noun. ‘bottle’

Verb. ‘bounce’; ‘melanting, melambung, melanting dan melambung’

Verb. ‘bark’; ‘menggonggong’

Noun. ‘lush, lush (beard), lush, such as beard or moustache’; ‘lebat, lebat (jenggot), lebat, misalnya jenggot atau kumis’

Noun. ‘problem’; ‘hambatan, harm’

Noun. ‘ivory model from wood, ivory (wooden model), ivory model made from wood for ceremonial purposes’; ‘model gading dari kayu, gading (dari kayu), model gading yang terbuat dari kayu untuk kebutuhan acara adat’

Noun. ‘coconut bowl, bowl (coconut), bowl made from a coconut half that is used to drink palmwine or water’; ‘tempurung, tempurung yang digunakan untuk minum tuak atau air’

Noun. ‘potential marriage partner, marriage candidate, person that is part of a clan which provides suitable marriage partners according to the traditional law’; ‘ikan ayam, calon (menurut adat), seseorang dari suku yang layak untuk memberi calon pasangan nikah menurut adat (kadang disebut ikan ayam)’

Noun. ‘bean sp’

Noun. ‘young chicken, chicken (young)’; ‘ayam remaja’

Noun. ‘kidney’; ‘ginjal’

Verb. ‘do’

Noun. ‘buffet’

Adjective. ‘white’; ‘putih’

Noun. ‘night, evening, time of the day when it's dark’; ‘malam’

Verb. ‘part of wedding ceremony, wedding ceremony (part of), part of the wedding ceremony, where the couple is not allowed to leave the house for the first three nights of their marriage’; ‘bagian dari acara pernikahan, acara nikah (bagian), bagian dari acara pernikahan dimana pasangan tidak diperbolehkan untuk meninggalkan rumah (selama tiga hari)’

1. Verb. ‘turn on’

2. Verb. ‘open’

Negator. ‘not’

Verb. ‘open’; ‘membuka, buka’

Noun. ‘book’

Verb. ‘shield, protect, to protect something, such as young trees with a fence from being eaten by animals’; ‘memele, peleh, lindungi, memeleh sesuatu (melindungi), seperti misalnya pohon muda dengan pagar supaya tidak dimakan binatang’

Noun. ‘flower’; ‘bunga’

Verb. ‘descend’; ‘turun’

Verb. ‘full, full (after having eaten), being full after having eaten’; ‘kenyang, kenyang sesudah makan’

Adverb. ‘in hurry’

Noun. ‘cotton bow, weaving tool (kind of), bow to clean cotton further after having used the cotton mill’; ‘alat bertenun, alat tenun (sejenis), alat bertenun untuk membersihkan kapas dengan lebih halus, sesudah menggunakan ''malok''’

Noun. ‘small pieces of cotton, cotton (small pieces)’; ‘bagian kapas kecil, kapas (dalam bentuk kecil), bulatan kapas yang kecil’

Numeral. ‘eight’; ‘delapan, lapan’

Verb. ‘mix’

Verb. ‘soak’

Noun. ‘pitcher’

Noun. ‘story’

Verb. ‘tell’

Personal name. ‘Cici’

Adjective. ‘suitable’

Noun. ‘candy’

‘3PL’; ‘3j’

Pronoun. ‘3PL IRR’

Verb. ‘wear two sarongs, wear (two sarongs), to wear more than one sarong because of feeling cold’; ‘memakai dua sarung, pakai (dua sarung), memakai lebih dari satu sarung karena dingin’

Pronoun. ‘3PL POSS AL, their, their (for alienable nouns, which means that they can be seperated from their possessor)’; ‘their, mereka punya, mereka punya (untuk kata-kata yang 'alienable', artinya dapat dipisahkan dengan pemiliknya)’

Adjective. ‘close, near’; ‘dekat’

Noun. ‘region’

Pronoun. ‘theirs, things that belongs to them’; ‘yang mereka punya, kepunyaan mereka, sesuatu dalam bentuk jamak yang menjadi kepunyaan orang (=mereka)’

Noun. ‘meat’

Locational. ‘in’

Verb. ‘wake up late, to wake up late’; ‘bangun terlambat, bangun (terlambat)’

Conjunction. ‘and’

Pronoun. ‘3PL, they’; ‘mereka’

1. Noun. ‘empty, plain’; ‘kosong, tanpa apa-apa’

2. Noun. ‘husked rice, rice (husked)’; ‘beras’

3. Noun. ‘whole candlenut, candlenut (whole), candlenut that is already peeled but still whole’; ‘kemiri bulat, kemiri bulat (utuh), kemiri yang sudah dikupas dan masih utuh’

Verb. ‘hit (drum), to hit a drum’; ‘memukul genderang, pukul genderang’

Verb. ‘get’

Noun. ‘kitchen’

Preposition. ‘from’

Noun. ‘house dress, dress (at home), long dress to be worn at home by women’; ‘gaun, gaun panjang yang dipakai perempuan di rumah’

Verb. ‘carry in sarong, carry (sarong), to carry something by rolling it into one's shirt or sarong’; ‘membawa dalam sarung, membawa (sarung), membawa sesuatu dalam sarung atau baju’

Noun. ‘trousers’; ‘celana’

Verb. ‘crash, collide, to collide or to crash into something’; ‘menabrak’

Noun. ‘delegation’

Noun. ‘bald’; ‘botak’

Adverb. ‘like that’

‘Demon’

Conjunction. ‘with’

Verb. ‘carry, to carry something by holding it with the hands in front of one's body’; ‘gendong, membawa sesuatu dengan memegangnya di tangan di depan tubuh (menggendong)’

1. Verb. ‘hear’; ‘mendengar’

2. Verb. ‘listen’; ‘mendengarkan’

Locational. ‘front’

Noun. ‘village’

Verb. ‘hit, hit (bamboo), to hit the bamboo that is used to set fire with the purpose of making the fire bigger’; ‘memukul, pukul (bambu), memukul-mukul bambu supaya api bisa menyala lebih besar’

Noun. ‘council’

1. Adverb. ‘adding, too, more, also’; ‘tambah, juga, lebih, menambah’

2. Particle. ‘?’

Preposition. ‘LOC’

Verb. ‘answered’

Verb. ‘blow (wind)’; ‘bertiup (angin)’

Noun. ‘person’; ‘orang’

Conjunction. ‘or’; ‘atau’

Adverb. ‘of necessity’; ‘terpaksa’

1. Verb. ‘carry, to carry on back and shoulders’; ‘membawa, membawa sesuatu yang diletakkan di atas punggung’

2. Verb. ‘bite, to carry something away in between teeth, such as a dog takes something to eat’; ‘menggigit lari, gigit lari, menggigit makanan (misalnya anjing membawa lari makanan)’

Noun. ‘cucumber’; ‘ketimun, mentimun’

Verb. ‘stand’; ‘berdiri’

Adverb. ‘progressive, progressive (in progress)’; ‘sedang’

Noun. ‘discipline’

1. Adjective. ‘long’; ‘panjang’

2. Adjective. ‘far’; ‘jauh’

Noun. ‘prayer’

Adverb. ‘in the past, past’; ‘dulu’

Noun. ‘money’; ‘duit, uang’

Verb. ‘pick, harvest, to pick (harvest), such as long beans, tomatoes, peanuts, etc.’; ‘memetik, memetik (kacang panjang, tomat, kacang tanah, etc.)’

Verb. ‘copulate, copulate (animals)’; ‘bersetubuh, bersetubuh (binatang)’

Verb. ‘lift, to lift one's trousers with the hands because they are loose’; ‘mengangkat, angkat, mengangkat celana karena longgar’

Verb. ‘store, save, to store harvest from the gardens and fields’; ‘menyimpan, simpan, menyimpan hasil kebun’

Verb. ‘scrub, to scrub a body with soap’; ‘gosok, menggosok badan dengan sabun’

Verb. ‘carry on back, carry, to carry something on the back’; ‘gendong di belakang, gendong, menggendong di belakang’

Verb. ‘guard’; ‘menjaga’

Verb. ‘follow, to follow someone’; ‘mengikuti’

Place name. ‘Dori Pêwut (Joining the bees)’

Verb. ‘rub, to rub’; ‘gosok, menggosok’

Noun. ‘box’

Verb. ‘burn, to push firewood into the fireplace to make the fire stronger’; ‘membakar, bakar, memasukkan kayu ke dalam tungku untuk membakarnya’

Conjunction. ‘with’; ‘dengan’

Personal name. ‘Dua’

Numeral. ‘two’

Numeral. ‘twelve’

Verb. ‘fly around, fly (mosquito), to fly (for a fly or a mosquito that is flying around a person's head)’; ‘terbang di kepala, terbang (nyamuk), terbang (dalam konteks lalat atau nyamuk yang terbang di sekitar kepala orang)’

Noun. ‘?’

Verb. ‘visit, to visit’; ‘mengunjungi’

Noun. ‘place for garden, place (for garden), place / a spot which is suitable for a gardenfield’; ‘tempat yang cocok untuk membuka kebun, tempat (untuk buka kebun)’

Place name. ‘Dulir’

Verb. ‘swim’; ‘berenang’

Verb. ‘smoke, to smoke (cigarette)’; ‘merokok, mengisap (rokok)’

Verb. ‘sit down, sit down (flies), to sit down (for fruit flies and the likes)’; ‘menghinggapi, menghinggapi (dalam konteks lalat)’

Verb. ‘rub, to rub’; ‘menggosok’

Verb. ‘sell’; ‘menjual, jual’

Verb. ‘suck’; ‘mengisap’

Verb. ‘see’; ‘melihat’

Noun. ‘k. of seed, seed (a kind of), kind of eatable seeds, similar to balam seeds, but smaller’; ‘sj. biji, biji (sejenis), sejenis biji yang dapat dimakan, mirip dengan biji balam tetapi lebih kecil’

Noun. ‘river, stream, small river or stream’; ‘sungai, kali, kali yang berukuran sedang atau kecil’

Noun. ‘bunch’; ‘rumpun’

Verb. ‘crush chili, crush (chili), to crush chilies using a spoon’; ‘menggerus lombok, gerus, hancurkan (lombok), menggerus lombok memakai sendok’

Verb. ‘mix liquids, mix, to mix liquids together’; ‘mencampur cairan, campur, mencampur cairan, seperti minuman’

Verb. ‘turn, to turn around a corner’; ‘berbelok’

Noun. ‘margin’; ‘pinggir’

1. Noun. ‘garden, field’; ‘kebun’

2. Noun. ‘condition, maybe’; ‘keadaan, mungkin’

Noun. ‘bamboo ladder, ladder (bamboo), think long bamboo that has hacks to allow people to use it as a ladder’; ‘tangga bambu, sebatang bambu yang cabangnya dipotong supaya orang bisa memakainya sebagai tangga’

Noun. ‘pair of chicken, chicken (a pair), two chickens tied together at their feed, so that they can be carried easily’; ‘pasangan ayam, ayam (pasangan), dua ekor ayam yang diikat supaya dapat diangkat dengan gampang’

1. Verb. ‘shake’; ‘menggoyangkan’

2. Verb. ‘weaving process, weaving process (kind of), process when weaving’; ‘proses dalam bertenun, proses tenun (sejenis), salah satu proses dalam bertenun’

Verb. ‘crush chili, crush (chili), to crush chilis using a stone tool’; ‘mengulek lombok, mengulek (lombok), melumatkan lombok dengan menggunakan ulek’

Verb. ‘cut small, cut (small), to cut into small pieces’; ‘potong kecil-kecil, potong (kecil), memotong kecil-kecil’

Noun. ‘meat’; ‘daging’

1. Verb. ‘miss, not go through, fail, something doesn't work out as intended’; ‘tidak jadi, gagal, sesuatu tidak jadi, tidak kena atau gagal’

2. Verb. ‘mistake’; ‘salah’

Noun. ‘period in time, period, time, period in time or a date for a ceremony’; ‘waktu, waktu untuk melakukan upacara adat’

Noun. ‘whet stone, stone to whet something such as a knife or an arrow’; ‘batu asah, batu asa, batu asah untuk menajamkan pisau atau anak panah’

1. Noun. ‘mother’; ‘ibu’

2. Honorific. ‘mom’; ‘êma’

Noun. ‘bucket’

Noun. ‘dust’; ‘debu’

Adverb. ‘only’; ‘saja’

Noun. ‘land, soil, ground’; ‘tanah’

Adjective. ‘pleasant’

Question word. ‘who’; ‘siapa’

Numeral. ‘six’

Noun. ‘mug’

Numeral. ‘six’; ‘enam’

Verb. ‘drink’; ‘minum’

Noun. ‘palm, palm (hand, foot), palm (of hand or foot)’; ‘telapak, telapak (tangan, kaki)’

Verb. ‘grab, to grab’; ‘mengangkut’

1. Verb. ‘become’; ‘menjadi’

2. Verb. ‘use, to use something’; ‘memakai, menggunakan, pakai’

3. Verb. ‘wear, to wear something’; ‘memakai, memakai (baju)’

Verb. ‘cry’; ‘menangis’

Verb. ‘drop, to drop something voluntarily’; ‘kasih jatuh, jatuhkan, kasih jatuh (menjatuhkan) sesuatu atau kasih jatuh sesuatu dengan sengaja’

Verb. ‘sharpen’; ‘meruncingkan’

Verb. ‘agree’; ‘setuju’

Place name. ‘Europe’

Adverb. ‘everything’; ‘semua’

Noun. ‘ice’

‘know’; ‘tahu’

Verb. ‘bring’; ‘membawa’

Noun. ‘things’; ‘barang’

1. Verb. ‘catch’; ‘manangkap, menangkap’

2. Verb. ‘pick, pick (fruit), to pick (a fruit)’; ‘memetik, memetik (buah), memetik buah’

3. Verb. ‘reach, arrive, to arrive or to reach’; ‘tiba’

Noun. ‘mouth’; ‘mulut’

Verb. ‘talk, talk (ceremonial), ceremonial speaking using ritual language’; ‘omong adat, omong-omong dalam acara adat’

Verb. ‘accuse’; ‘menuduh’

Noun. ‘animal’; ‘binatang’

Noun. ‘tongue’; ‘lidah’

Proper Noun. ‘Flores’

Verb. ‘take photo’

Personal name. ‘Fredi’

‘1SG POSS INAL’; ‘saya punya’

‘1SG’

1. Noun. ‘painful’; ‘sakit’

2. Noun. ‘strong, heavily’; ‘kuat, keras’

Verb. ‘wounded’; ‘terluka’

Verb. ‘sit cross legged, sit (cross legged), to sit cross legged’; ‘duduk bersila, duduk (bersila)’

Noun. ‘spear’; ‘tombak’

1. Verb. ‘finish plate, finish (plate), to eat the last bit on the plate’; ‘menghabiskan, habiskan (piring), menghabiskan sisa makanan di piring’

2. Verb. ‘clean’; ‘membersihkan, bersihkan’

Verb. ‘ask, to ask a question’; ‘bertanya’

Verb. ‘dig’; ‘menggali’

Noun. ‘picture’

Question word. ‘where’; ‘mana, di mana, ke mana, dari mana, di/ke/dari mana’

Verb. ‘disturb’

Verb. ‘replace’

Adverb. ‘very’; ‘sangat, sekali’

Adverb. ‘repetitive, shout (repetitive), to shout intensely and without stopping’; ‘bertubi-tubi, berteriak sangat kuat dan tanpa henti’

Noun. ‘general lines’

Verb. ‘grate, grate (coconut), grate coconut’; ‘kukur, kukur (kelapa), mengukur kelapa’

Verb. ‘count, to count’; ‘menghitung, hitung’

Verb. ‘hang, hung’; ‘tergantung’

Verb. ‘slice, to slice’; ‘mengiris’

Verb. ‘gather’; ‘berhimpun, berkumpul’

Verb. ‘hug, to lay an arm around somebody’; ‘merangkul, rangkul, merangkul seseorang dengan sebelah tangan’

1. Verb. ‘cross, to cross (a street or the like), to get to the other side of something’; ‘menyeberang, menyeberang, misalnya jalan’

2. Verb. ‘pass, to pass something’; ‘melewati, lewat’

Noun. ‘style’

Verb. ‘sound, sound of unclear origin’; ‘berbunyi, bunyi yang sumbernya belum jelas’

Noun. ‘trunk, tree trunk on the ground because a tree was cut down’; ‘batang, batang yang tertinggal di tanah karena pohonnya dipotong’

1. Verb. ‘go HIGH, go up, ascend, to ascend, to go to a higher place away from the deictic centre’; ‘naik, mendaki ke tempat yang lebih tinggi daripada posisi penutur sekarang’

2. Verb. ‘enter’; ‘masuk’

Verb. ‘laugh’; ‘tertawa’

Noun. ‘kind of ceremony, ceremony (kinf of), kind of ceremony which is related to pregnancy’; ‘sj. upacara adat, upacara (sejenis), sejenis upacara adat yang berhubungan dengan kehamilan’

Verb. ‘hash, to hash, to cut into small pieces’; ‘mencincang, cincing’

Verb. ‘shivering’; ‘menggigil’

Verb. ‘bleat, sound (goat), sound of a goat, to bleat’; ‘mengembik, bunyi kambing, bunyi suara kambing’

Noun. ‘glass’

Verb. ‘sleep, lie down, lie, to lie down but not necessarily sleeping’; ‘tidur, berbaring, berbaring atau tidur’

Verb. ‘check’; ‘memeriksa’

Adjective. ‘jealous’; ‘iri hati, cemburu’

Verb. ‘exchange’; ‘menukar, tukar, tukar-menukar’

Verb. ‘pass on, to pass on knowledge, language or a story from generation to generation’; ‘meneruskan, meneruskan bahasa, pengetahuan, ceritera dari generasi ke generasi’

Verb. ‘put into a new container, move, to move something from one container into another container’; ‘memindahkan, memindahkan sesuatu di dalam tempat ke tempat yang lain’

Noun. ‘generation’

Verb. ‘fry’; ‘menggoreng, goreng’

Verb. ‘eat without chewing, eat (without teeth), to eat without chewing because of broken or missing teeth’; ‘makan tanpa mengunyah, makan (tanpa gigi), makan tanpa menghancurkan (karena gigi terganggu, rusak, dan sebagainya)’

Verb. ‘cut small, cut (cooked meat), to cut into small pieces (meat)’; ‘potong kecil-kecil, potong (danging masak), memotong kecil-kecil (daging yang sudah matang)’

Noun. ‘church’

Noun. ‘young woman, woman (young)’; ‘pemudi’

Verb. ‘search for, search, look for, to search, to look for’; ‘mencari’

Noun. ‘different, foreign’; ‘berbeda, beda’

Verb. ‘rub’

Verb. ‘not want’; ‘tidak mau’

Verb. ‘sprain’; ‘terpelecok’

Adverb. ‘every’; ‘setiap’

Verb. ‘complete’; ‘genap’

Noun. ‘itchy’; ‘gatal’

Verb. ‘broken’; ‘putus, putus atau patah’

1. Verb. ‘break, to break’; ‘patahkan, membuat putus atau mematahkan’

2. Conjunction. ‘until’; ‘sampai’

Verb. ‘get rotten, rotten, to get rotten’; ‘menjadi busuk, busuk’

1. Verb. ‘ascend, go up, to ascend, to go to a higher place away from the deictic centre’; ‘naik, mendaki ke tempat yang lebih tinggi daripada posisi penutur sekarang’

2. Verb. ‘enter’; ‘masuk’

Verb. ‘reproduce, get descendants’; ‘memperbanyak, memperbanyak keturunan’

Verb. ‘bite, to bite’; ‘menggigit, gigit’

Verb. ‘search for headlice, search (headlice), to search for headlice on someone's head’; ‘mencari kutu di kepala, cari (kutu)’

Verb. ‘grind’

Noun. ‘k. of basket, basket (kind of), woven bag with a rope to transport betel nuts’; ‘sj. anyaman, anyaman (sejenis), tempat khusus untuk sirih pinang dengan tali, ukurannya lebih kecil daripada meteng’

Adjective. ‘sour’; ‘asam’

Place name. ‘Giwa Lolo’

Noun. ‘earring, earring (kind of), kind of earring that was worn by women in the past’; ‘anting-anting, anting yang dipakai oleh perempuan tua pada masa lampau’

Noun. ‘forbidden, forbidden according to traditional rules’; ‘dilarang, haram, terlarang, terlarang dalam adat, pantang’

Noun. ‘glas’

Verb. ‘play, to play’; ‘bermain’

Verb. ‘mix, to mix’; ‘campur, mencampur’

Verb. ‘pass, pass (forest), to pass through the forest by making the path using a machete’; ‘melewati, lewati, melewati hutan dengan cara membuat jalan sendiri (pakai parang atau alat lainnya)’

Verb. ‘help, to help a family member, or to give a contribution in form of money or valuables (for a ceremony, ex: marriage)’; ‘membantu, bantu, membantu anggota keluarga, atau memberikan kontribusi dalam bentuk uang atau benda berharga (misalnya untuk acara adat atau acara pernikahan)’

Verb. ‘pound together, pound (in a group), to pound rice or corn together with two or more people’; ‘menumbuk bersama, tumbuk (bersama), menumbuk (padi, jagung, dll.) dengan dua orang atau lebih’

Verb. ‘touch’; ‘menyentuh, sentuh’

Verb. ‘run around, to run around without any goal’; ‘berlari-lari, lari-lari, berlari-lari tanpa tujuan’

Noun. ‘sloping, to lie in a sloping position’; ‘miring, tidur dalam posisi miring’

Verb. ‘look around, to look around searching for something’; ‘melihat-lihat dan mencari, lihat (cari), melihat-lihat untuk mencari’

Verb. ‘try, work hard, to try hard’; ‘berusaha’

Verb. ‘peel, to peel cassava’; ‘mengupas, kupas, mengupas ubi kayu’

Verb. ‘call’; ‘memanggil’

Verb. ‘pray’; ‘mengaji’

Noun. ‘smooth’; ‘halus, licin’

Noun. ‘whole candlenut, candlenut (whole and peeled), whole candlenut without shell’; ‘kemiri utuh, kemiri (utuh), kemiri yang sudah dititi dan tetap utuh’

Verb. ‘send’; ‘mengirim’