Sneddon (1978a): Proto-Minahasan
Search entries
| Headword | IPA | Glosses | |
|---|---|---|---|
| *abahat | *abahat | ‘storm from the west’ (eng) | |
| *abu | *abu | ‘ash, dust’ (eng) | |
| *abut | *abut | ‘pull out’ (eng) | |
| *ade | *ade | ‘jaw’ (eng) | |
| *aga | *aɡa | ‘tree sp.’ (eng) | |
| *ahbun | *ahbun | ‘[smoke]’ (eng) | |
| *ahdan | *ahdan | ‘ladder, stairs’ (eng) | |
| *ahi | *ahi | ‘come’ (eng) | |
| *ahmut | *ahmut | ‘root’ (eng) | |
| *akad | *akad | ‘until, the extent that’ (eng) | |
| *akid | *akid | ‘scoop out rice from pot’ (eng) | |
| *aku | *aku | ‘I’ (eng) | |
| *akəl | *akəl | ‘sugar palm’ (eng); ‘Arenga saccharifera’ (lat) | |
| *alabat | *alabat | ‘fence’ (eng) | |
| *alad | *alad | ‘[enclosure for animals]’ (eng) | |
| *aliʔ | *aliʔ | ‘sheet or mat on which to sit or lie’ (eng) | |
| *aləd | *aləd | ‘support, prop up’ (eng) | |
| *amaŋ | *amaŋ | ‘father’ (eng) | |
| *amaʔ | *amaʔ | ‘father’ (eng) | |
| *amian | *amian | ‘[north, north wind]’ (eng) | |
| *ampit | *ampit | ‘[together with, in company with, take with one]’ (eng) | |
| *anak | *anak | ‘offspring, child (of someone)’ (eng) | |
| *aŋe | *aŋe | ‘go’ (eng) | |
| *antaŋ | *antaŋ | ‘rise, lift up’ (eng) | |
| *anu | *anu | ‘someone/something or other’ (eng) | |
| *api | *api | ‘fire’ (eng) | |
| *apoʔ | *apoʔ | ‘grandparent, ancestor, lord’ (eng) | |
| *apu | *apu | ‘finished, used up, finish up, use up’ (eng) | |
| *apuh | *apuh | ‘lime’ (eng) | |
| *apədu | *apədu | ‘bile, gall’ (eng) | |
| *ar₂ihi | *ar₂ihi | ‘post, pillar’ (eng) | |
| *ar₂əŋ | *ar₂əŋ | ‘[soot, black stain from smoke]’ (eng) | |
| *asaŋ | *asaŋ | ‘gills’ (eng) | |
| *asaʔ | *asaʔ | ‘whet, grind sharp’ (eng) | |
| *asin | *asin | ‘salt’ (eng) | |
| *asu | *asu | ‘dog’ (eng) | |
| *asu(h) | *asu(h) | ‘draw water, scoop up water’ (eng) | |
| *asəŋ | *asəŋ | ‘breath’ (eng) | |
| *ata | *ata | ‘slave’ (eng) | |
| *atas | *atas | ‘above, on (top)’ (eng) | |
| *ate | *ate | ‘liver’ (eng) | |
| *atus | *atus | ‘hundred’ (eng) | |
| *atəd | *atəd | ‘[transport, convey]’ (eng) | |
| *atəluh | *atəluh | ‘egg’ (eng) | |
| *atəp | *atəp | ‘roof, thatch’ (eng) | |
| *awak | *awak | ‘body’ (eng) | |
| *awəs | *awəs | ‘[enough, increase, add to]’ (eng) | |
| *ayah | *ayah | ‘bright, (morning) light’ (eng) | |
| *ayam | *ayam | ‘plait, weave’ (eng) | |
| *aʔe | *aʔe | ‘foot, leg’ (eng) | |
| *babaʔ | *babaʔ | ‘below, under’ (eng) | |
| *babi | *babi | ‘pig’ (eng) | |
| *babo | *babo | ‘above, over’ (eng) | |
| *baer | *baer | ‘pay’ (eng) | |
| *baha | *baha | ‘live coals, embers’ (eng) | |
| *bahas | *bahas | ‘husked rice’ (eng) | |
| *bahat | *bahat | ‘[pregnant]’ (eng) | |
| *baheʔ | *baheʔ | ‘swelling’ (eng) | |
| *bahiʔ | *bahiʔ | ‘hard outer wood of palm trees’ (eng) | |
| *bahuʔ | *bahuʔ | ‘[gravy, sauce, moisten food with gravy, wet, feed animals]’ (eng) | |
| *bakul | *bakul | ‘basket’ (eng) | |
| *balahan | *balahan | ‘[cucumber]’ (eng) | |
| *bale | *bale | ‘house’ (eng) | |
| *balelaŋ | *balelaŋ | ‘sulphur’ (eng) | |
| *bali | *bali | ‘accompany, escort, lead’ (eng) | |
| *balian | *balian | ‘(pagan) priest, shaman’ (eng) | |
| *balina | *balina | ‘other’ (eng) | |
| *balulaŋ | *balulaŋ | ‘skin, hide’ (eng) | |
| *balun | *balun | ‘provisions for journey’ (eng) | |
| *baluy | *baluy | ‘transform, change’ (eng) | |
| *baŋeh | *baŋeh | ‘smell bad’ (eng) | |
| *baŋkoʔ | *baŋkoʔ | ‘big’ (eng) | |
| *baŋun | *baŋun | ‘[beautiful, excellent, strong, vigorous]’ (eng) | |
| *bantaŋ | *bantaŋ | ‘large basket for storing rice’ (eng) | |
| *bantoʔ | *bantoʔ | ‘childless, infertile’ (eng) | |
| *banua | *banua | ‘[village]’ (eng) | |
| *banut | *banut | ‘coconut husk’ (eng) | |
| *baruga | *baruɡa | ‘stone house-shaped tomb’ (eng) | |
| *baruk | *baruk | ‘tinder’ (eng) | |
| *bar₁at | *bar₁at | ‘at an angle, slanting’ (eng) | |
| *bar₁uk | *bar₁uk | ‘tall, slender palm sp.’ (eng) | |
| *bar₂eŋ | *bar₂eŋ | ‘return, go back’ (eng) | |
| *bataŋ | *bataŋ | ‘[log, body (of person)]’ (eng) | |
| *bataʔ | *bataʔ | ‘child, young’ (eng) | |
| *batu | *batu | ‘stone’ (eng) | |
| *batuna | *batuna | ‘seed, pit (of fruit)’ (eng) | |
| *baya | *baya | ‘all’ (eng) | |
| *baya | *baya | ‘permit, allow, release’ (eng) | |
| *bayaŋ | *bayaŋ | ‘row’ (eng) | |
| *bayoŋ | *bayoŋ | ‘swing, dangle’ (eng) | |
| *baʔan | *baʔan | ‘sneeze’ (eng) | |
| *baʔaŋ | *baʔaŋ | ‘tooth’ (eng) | |
| *baʔbaʔ | *baʔbaʔ | ‘mouth’ (eng) | |
| *baʔkəs | *baʔkəs | ‘tie up, bind’ (eng) | |
| *baʔu(ʔu) | *baʔu(ʔu) | ‘tortoise’ (eng) | |
| *bebene | *bebene | ‘woman, female’ (eng) | |
| *behe | *behe | ‘give’ (eng) | |
| *bene | *bene | ‘woman, female’ (eng) | |
| *beneʔ | *beneʔ | ‘rice seed’ (eng) | |
| *beybey | *beybey | ‘[hang in tatters, hang down, carry by hand with the load hanging down]’ (eng) | |
| *biaʔi | *biaʔi | ‘here’ (eng) | |
| *bibih | *bibih | ‘lip(s)’ (eng) | |
| *bibit | *bibit | ‘[tug on rope, lift by rope, carry by rope, carry by handle]’ (eng) | |
| *bikoʔ | *bikoʔ | ‘small prawn’ (eng) | |
| *biliŋ | *biliŋ | ‘turn over, turn around’ (eng) | |
| *bilit | *bilit | ‘[sew, pleat, fold]’ (eng) | |
| *biŋi | *biŋi | ‘sloping, slanting’ (eng) | |
| *biŋkuŋ | *biŋkuŋ | ‘mattock’ (eng) | |
| *bintiʔ | *bintiʔ | ‘kick person's calf with shin’ (eng) | |
| *bisa | *bisa | ‘which?, where?’ (eng) | |
| *biʔis | *biʔis | ‘tick (insect)’ (eng) | |
| *bo | *bo | ‘and, with, (and) then’ (eng) | |
| *boboʔ | *boboʔ | ‘dumb, mute’ (eng) | |
| *boho | *boho | ‘chase away, drive off’ (eng) | |
| *bokbok | *bokbok | ‘hole’ (eng) | |
| *bolo | *bolo | ‘[albino, reddish, light coloured, silvery-white]’ (eng) | |
| *bow | *bow | ‘smell’ (eng) | |
| *buaʔ | *buaʔ | ‘fruit, bear fruit, areca fruit’ (eng) | |
| *bubu | *bubu | ‘fish trap’ (eng) | |
| *bubuŋ | *bubuŋ | ‘ridge of roof’ (eng) | |
| *budbud | *budbud | ‘strew, scatter’ (eng) | |
| *bue | *bue | ‘[rice grain, ear of rice, rice in husk, any ground fruit (peanut; tuber etc.), first root from rice seed]’ (eng) | |
| *buka(ʔ) | *buka(ʔ) | ‘open’ (eng) | |
| *bukbuk | *bukbuk | ‘wood borer’ (eng) | |
| *buku | *buku | ‘knee, joint, knot’ (eng) | |
| *bulbul | *bulbul | ‘feather, fur, body hair’ (eng) | |
| *buluʔ | *buluʔ | ‘thin bamboo sp.’ (eng) | |
| *buŋaŋ | *buŋaŋ | ‘flower’ (eng) | |
| *buni | *buni | ‘hide, conceal’ (eng) | |
| *bunoŋ | *bunoŋ | ‘pool, puddle’ (eng) | |
| *bunuʔ | *bunuʔ | ‘kill’ (eng) | |
| *buruk | *buruk | ‘bad, rotten’ (eng) | |
| *bur₁i | *bur₁i | ‘behind, go back, return’ (eng) | |
| *bur₂iŋ | *bur₂iŋ | ‘charcoal’ (eng) | |
| *bur₂iŋa | *bur₂iŋa | ‘egg’ (eng) | |
| *busbus | *busbus | ‘pour out, empty out’ (eng) | |
| *busəŋ | *busəŋ | ‘stopper, plug’ (eng) | |
| *buta | *buta | ‘full’ (eng) | |
| *butbut | *butbut | ‘pull out, pluck out’ (eng) | |
| *buʔbuʔ | *buʔbuʔ | ‘hole’ (eng) | |
| *buʔuk | *buʔuk | ‘hair’ (eng) | |
| *bədbəd | *bədbəd | ‘bind, tie around’ (eng) | |
| *bəkbək | *bəkbək | ‘pound, crush’ (eng) | |
| *bəlad | *bəlad | ‘spread out (to dry)’ (eng) | |
| *bəlah | *bəlah | ‘floor’ (eng) | |
| *bənaŋ | *bənaŋ | ‘debt’ (eng) | |
| *bəndu | *bəndu | ‘hard work, distress’ (eng) | |
| *bəŋi | *bəŋi | ‘night, dark’ (eng) | |
| *bəŋkow | *bəŋkow | ‘spear, lance’ (eng) | |
| *bəŋəl | *bəŋəl | ‘deaf’ (eng) | |
| *bəru | *bəru | ‘new’ (eng) | |
| *bər₁oy | *bər₁oy | ‘[hang down, lower, pour, long (of garment), slip, slide]’ (eng) | |
| *bər₂ən | *bər₂ən | ‘eye’ (eng) | |
| *bəsah | *bəsah | ‘split, crack’ (eng) | |
| *bəsuh | *bəsuh | ‘full, satisfied’ (eng) | |
| *bətiʔ | *bətiʔ | ‘[burst (of roasting corn), bake corn in ashes]’ (eng) | |
| *bətiʔis | *bətiʔis | ‘calf (of leg)’ (eng) | |
| *d/r₁aməs | *d/r₁aməs | ‘wet’ (eng) | |
| *d/r₁ar₁aŋ | *d/r₁ar₁aŋ | ‘forbid, prohibit’ (eng) | |
| *dahami | *dahami | ‘dry rice stalks, straw’ (eng) | |
| *dahas | *dahas | ‘secondary pounding of rice’ (eng) | |
| *dahaʔ | *dahaʔ | ‘blood’ (eng) | |
| *dahum | *dahum | ‘sew, plait thatch’ (eng) | |
| *dakdak | *dakdak | ‘hit with implement’ (eng) | |
| *daki | *daki | ‘grime, dirt on body’ (eng) | |
| *dalan | *dalan | ‘road, pathway’ (eng) | |
| *dalid | *dalid | ‘[platform on which the shaman dances, plank used by priest or to sleep on, long shallow wooden tray, trough]’ (eng) | |
| *daləm | *daləm | ‘inside, under, deep’ (eng) | |
| *damah | *damah | ‘resin, tree from which resin is obtained’ (eng) | |
| *dano | *dano | ‘water’ (eng) | |
| *dapdap | *dapdap | ‘tree sp.’ (eng); ‘Erythrina indica’ (lat) | |
| *datah | *datah | ‘even, level, plain, level land’ (eng) | |
| *date | *date | ‘cold’ (eng) | |
| *dayo | *dayo | ‘praise’ (eng) | |
| *daʔan | *daʔan | ‘old’ (eng) | |
| *dele | *dele | ‘palm leaf rib’ (eng) | |
| *dilaʔ | *dilaʔ | ‘tongue’ (eng) | |
| *dipdip | *dipdip | ‘cut off, cut through’ (eng) | |
| *diʔdiʔ | *diʔdiʔ | ‘boil’ (eng) | |
| *dohaŋ | *dohaŋ | ‘add to, increase’ (eng) | |
| *douʔ | *douʔ | ‘far, distant’ (eng) | |
| *dua | *dua | ‘two’ (eng) | |
| *duhi | *duhi | ‘bone’ (eng) | |
| *duhu | *duhu | ‘corner, angle’ (eng) | |
| *dukut | *dukut | ‘grass’ (eng) | |
| *dumun | *dumun | ‘nest, lair’ (eng) | |
| *duniʔ | *duniʔ | ‘rainbow’ (eng) | |
| *duyuŋ | *duyuŋ | ‘dugong’ (eng) | |
| *dəkdək | *dəkdək | ‘[pound rice for the final time]’ (eng) | |
| *dəmdəm | *dəmdəm | ‘dark’ (eng) | |
| *dəpa | *dəpa | ‘fathom, span of arms outstretched’ (eng) | |
| *ebeh | *ebeh | ‘desire, crave, saliva, slaver, salivate’ (eng) | |
| *ehdoʔ | *ehdoʔ | ‘earthquake’ (eng) | |
| *eheŋ | *eheŋ | ‘[snore]’ (eng) | |
| *eret | *eret | ‘gird, tie round’ (eng) | |
| *garot | *ɡarot | ‘scratch’ (eng) | |
| *geygey | *ɡeyɡey | ‘[carry by hand, lift up, raise, hang down, hang in tatters]’ (eng) | |
| *gio | *ɡio | ‘face, appearance’ (eng) | |
| *gogar | *ɡoɡar | ‘[break up, demolish, loosen, break off]’ (eng) | |
| *gor₁it | *ɡor₁it | ‘[slice, scrape, dig hole with point of knife, saw]’ (eng) | |
| *gərgər | *ɡərɡər | ‘shiver, tremble’ (eng) | |
| *iap | *iap | ‘count’ (eng) | |
| *iaʔi | *iaʔi | ‘this’ (eng) | |
| *ikət | *ikət | ‘[hang up on rope]’ (eng) | |
| *ila | *ila | ‘mole (on body)’ (eng) | |
| *impit | *impit | ‘[carry under arm, carry under armpit, squeeze with hand, narrow]’ (eng) | |
| *inaŋ | *inaŋ | ‘mother’ (eng) | |
| *inaʔ | *inaʔ | ‘mother’ (eng) | |
| *inaʔ | *inaʔ | ‘reduce, decrease’ (eng) | |
| *indo | *indo | ‘take, get, fetch’ (eng) | |
| *iŋkot | *iŋkot | ‘[riddle, quarrel]’ (eng) | |
| *ipag | *ipaɡ | ‘brother/sister-in-law’ (eng) | |
| *ipi | *ipi | ‘dream’ (eng) | |
| *ipus | *ipus | ‘tail’ (eng) | |
| *ipən | *ipən | ‘tooth’ (eng) | |
| *ipəs | *ipəs | ‘cockroach’ (eng) | |
| *itoʔ | *itoʔ | ‘uncle’ (eng) | |
| *itəm | *itəm | ‘black’ (eng) | |
| *k/loloati | *k/loloati | ‘worm’ (eng) | |
| *kabal | *kabal | ‘invulnerable, thick skin’ (eng) | |
| *kabisa | *kabisa | ‘when?’ (eng) | |
| *kahabiʔi | *kahabiʔi | ‘yesterday’ (eng) | |
| *kahaŋ | *kahaŋ | ‘scab’ (eng) | |
| *kahat | *kahat | ‘snatch, seize’ (eng) | |
| *kakaʔ | *kakaʔ | ‘elder sibling’ (eng) | |
| *kalasey | *kalasey | ‘[fish trap of bamboo lattice work, bamboo lattice to block floating objects in water channel]’ (eng) | |
| *kalebkeb | *kalebkeb | ‘wing’ (eng) | |
| *kali | *kali | ‘dig’ (eng) | |
| *kalimpoʔpoʔan | *kalimpoʔpoʔan | ‘butterfly’ (eng) | |
| *kami | *kami | ‘we (exclusive)’ (eng) | |
| *kampet | *kampet | ‘[grip, clutch for support (e.g. railing), climb (e.g. ladder, rocks) using hands]’ (eng) | |
| *kamu | *kamu | ‘you (plural)’ (eng) | |
| *kan | *kan | ‘food, eat’ (eng) | |
| *kantaŋ | *kantaŋ | ‘rise, go up’ (eng) | |
| *kantoŋ | *kantoŋ | ‘large, fat, castrated pig’ (eng) | |
| *kapey | *kapey | ‘wave, beckon with hand’ (eng) | |
| *karkar | *karkar | ‘scratch, dig out’ (eng) | |
| *karut | *karut | ‘scrape out, scratch out’ (eng) | |
| *kar₁is | *kar₁is | ‘stripe, streak, scratch’ (eng) | |
| *kar₁ot | *kar₁ot | ‘scratch’ (eng) | |
| *kar₂aʔkaʔ | *kar₂aʔkaʔ | ‘boil, seethe’ (eng) | |
| *kar₂ətkət | *kar₂ətkət | ‘grind teeth’ (eng) | |
| *kasili | *kasili | ‘eel’ (eng) | |
| *kaskas | *kaskas | ‘scratch’ (eng) | |
| *kaso | *kaso | ‘rafters’ (eng) | |
| *katar₂e | *katar₂e | ‘first’ (eng) | |
| *kawihi | *kawihi | ‘leftside’ (eng) | |
| *kayoŋ | *kayoŋ | ‘crab’ (eng) | |
| *kayoʔ | *kayoʔ | ‘stir, mix’ (eng) | |
| *kayu | *kayu | ‘wood, tree’ (eng) | |
| *kaʔis | *kaʔis | ‘scrape off, scratch away, make streaks’ (eng) | |
| *kehet | *kehet | ‘tap sugar palm’ (eng) | |
| *kel/r₂e | *kel/r₂e | ‘like, similar to’ (eng) | |
| *kendoŋ | *kendoŋ | ‘make rope by spinning palm fibres’ (eng) | |
| *kentoʔ | *kentoʔ | ‘lame, limp’ (eng) | |
| *ker₁et | *ker₁et | ‘shout, cry out’ (eng) | |
| *keʔkeʔ | *keʔkeʔ | ‘laugh’ (eng) | |
| *keʔol | *keʔol | ‘lame, crippled (with deformity)’ (eng) | |
| *kiak | *kiak | ‘scream, shout’ (eng) | |
| *kileʔ | *kileʔ | ‘tickle’ (eng) | |
| *kima | *kima | ‘giant calm’ (eng) | |
| *kirkir | *kirkir | ‘stingy, thrifty’ (eng) | |
| *kisiʔ | *kisiʔ | ‘torn, tear’ (eng) | |
| *kiskis | *kiskis | ‘file, grate, scrape, shave’ (eng) | |
| *kita | *kita | ‘we (inclusive)’ (eng) | |
| *kiuʔ | *kiuʔ | ‘sexual intercourse’ (eng) | |
| *kiʔit | *kiʔit | ‘follow’ (eng) | |
| *kiʔit | *kiʔit | ‘small insect’ (eng) | |
| *kiʔkiʔ | *kiʔkiʔ | ‘bite’ (eng) | |
| *ko | *ko | ‘you (singular)’ (eng) | |
| *kobkob | *kobkob | ‘cover’ (eng) | |
| *kodkod | *kodkod | ‘[hole, dig (with hands)]’ (eng) | |
| *kokoŋ | *kokoŋ | ‘head’ (eng) | |
| *kolay | *kolay | ‘taro’ (eng) | |
| *kolombiʔ | *kolombiʔ | ‘large freshwater mollusc’ (eng) | |
| *korkor | *korkor | ‘scratch’ (eng) | |
| *kotkot | *kotkot | ‘scratch’ (eng) | |
| *koʔkoʔ | *koʔkoʔ | ‘hen, fowl’ (eng) | |
| *kuhun | *kuhun | ‘tall grass sp.’ (eng); ‘Imperata cylincrica’ (lat) | |
| *kukuk | *kukuk | ‘crow (of rooster)’ (eng) | |
| *kulat | *kulat | ‘fungus, mushroom’ (eng) | |
| *kulintaŋ | *kulintaŋ | ‘xylophone’ (eng) | |
| *kulit | *kulit | ‘skin, bark’ (eng) | |
| *kumi | *kumi | ‘moustache’ (eng) | |
| *kur/nambər₂ | *kur/nambər₂ | ‘thick’ (eng) | |
| *kur₁eʔ | *kur₁eʔ | ‘earthen cooking pot’ (eng) | |
| *kur₂a | *kur₂a | ‘[do something, act, how?, why?, how much?]’ (eng) | |
| *kuse | *kuse | ‘cuscus’ (eng); ‘Phalanger sp.’ (lat) | |
| *kusu | *kusu | ‘rub’ (eng) | |
| *kutu | *kutu | ‘head louse’ (eng) | |
| *kəbit | *kəbit | ‘[pinch or pluck with fingers]’ (eng) | |
| *kəbkəb | *kəbkəb | ‘[nibble, bite off little piece]’ (eng) | |
| *kəbkəb | *kəbkəb | ‘cover’ (eng) | |
| *kəbur | *kəbur | ‘turbid, muddy’ (eng) | |
| *kədut | *kədut | ‘pinch’ (eng) | |
| *(kə)kəniŋ | *(kə)kəniŋ | ‘eyebrow’ (eng) | |
| *kəlad | *kəlad | ‘phlegm’ (eng) | |
| *kəleh | *kəleh | ‘shake, tremble’ (eng) | |
| *kələb | *kələb | ‘close with lid’ (eng) | |
| *kəmbuʔ | *kəmbuʔ | ‘well up, bubble up’ (eng) | |
| *kəmkəm | *kəmkəm | ‘cover with hand, hold in closed hand, handful’ (eng) | |
| *kəməs | *kəməs | ‘wring out, squeeze, wash clothes’ (eng) | |
| *kəntəŋ | *kəntəŋ | ‘taut, tight’ (eng) | |
| *kəpkəp | *kəpkəp | ‘embrace, hold against one's body’ (eng) | |
| *kəpəl | *kəpəl | ‘[stick on, press on]’ (eng) | |
| *kəsah | *kəsah | ‘swell’ (eng) | |
| *kəsaʔ | *kəsaʔ | ‘freshwater fish sp.’ (eng) | |
| *kəteh | *kəteh | ‘hard’ (eng) | |
| *kətkət | *kətkət | ‘nibble, gnaw’ (eng) | |
| *kətəp | *kətəp | ‘[close together, without gaps (e.g. floor boards)]’ (eng) | |
| *labah | *labah | ‘(lie) across, transverse’ (eng) | |
| *lagad | *laɡad | ‘boar’ (eng) | |
| *lagaʔ | *laɡaʔ | ‘large red tree ant’ (eng) | |
| *lahad | *lahad | ‘itch’ (eng) | |
| *lako | *lako | ‘go’ (eng) | |
| *laləd | *laləd | ‘fly (insect)’ (eng) | |
| *lampaŋ | *lampaŋ | ‘walk’ (eng) | |
| *laməd | *laməd | ‘swallow’ (eng) | |
| *lana | *lana | ‘oil’ (eng) | |
| *laŋit | *laŋit | ‘sky’ (eng) | |
| *lansat | *lansat | ‘fruit sp.’ (eng); ‘Lancium domesticum’ (lat) | |
| *lanut | *lanut | ‘tough (of meat, fibres)’ (eng) | |
| *laud | *laud | ‘sea’ (eng) | |
| *lawih | *lawih | ‘hut, shack in garden’ (eng) | |
| *lebes | *lebes | ‘overflow’ (eng) | |
| *leheʔ | *leheʔ | ‘neck’ (eng) | |
| *lekaʔ | *lekaʔ | ‘bed bug’ (eng) | |
| *lemo | *lemo | ‘citrus fruit’ (eng) | |
| *lempad | *lempad | ‘fly’ (eng) | |
| *lened | *lened | ‘still, calm’ (eng) | |
| *leno | *leno | ‘clear, pure (of water)’ (eng) | |
| *leno | *leno | ‘shadow, reflection’ (eng) | |
| *leʔad | *leʔad | ‘lean backwards’ (eng) | |
| *lia | *lia | ‘ginger’ (eng) | |
| *likud | *likud | ‘back, carry on the back’ (eng) | |
| *lima | *lima | ‘five’ (eng) | |
| *limuhmuh | *limuhmuh | ‘rinse out mouth’ (eng) | |
| *liŋkun | *liŋkun | ‘roll up’ (eng) | |
| *linsən | *linsən | ‘fold, wrinkle’ (eng) | |
| *lintaʔ | *lintaʔ | ‘leech’ (eng) | |
| *liput | *liput | ‘surround, encircle’ (eng) | |
| *loaŋ | *loaŋ | ‘wide, spacious’ (eng) | |
| *lolo | *lolo | ‘extract, pull out’ (eng) | |
| *londey | *londey | ‘boat, canoe’ (eng) | |
| *loŋon | *loŋon | ‘stupid, ignorant’ (eng) | |
| *luar₁ | *luar₁ | ‘outside’ (eng) | |
| *luaʔ | *luaʔ | ‘vomit’ (eng) | |
| *ludaʔ | *ludaʔ | ‘spit’ (eng) | |
| *lueʔ | *lueʔ | ‘tears, weep’ (eng) | |
| *lukad | *lukad | ‘watchman, guard, keep watch’ (eng) | |
| *lulud | *lulud | ‘shin’ (eng) | |
| *lumut | *lumut | ‘moss’ (eng) | |
| *lunək | *lunək | ‘soft’ (eng) | |
| *lutam | *lutam | ‘[gun, shoot]’ (eng) | |
| *lutuʔ | *lutuʔ | ‘cook’ (eng) | |
| *ləbuh | *ləbuh | ‘turbid, muddy’ (eng) | |
| *ləbəŋ | *ləbəŋ | ‘bury’ (eng) | |
| *ləkəp | *ləkəp | ‘complete, finished’ (eng) | |
| *ləmbo | *ləmbo | ‘rise to surface, float on surface’ (eng) | |
| *ləmbut | *ləmbut | ‘bulge, swelling’ (eng) | |
| *ləmeʔ | *ləmeʔ | ‘[soft, gentle, tender]’ (eng) | |
| *ləməs | *ləməs | ‘suffocate, choke, drown’ (eng) | |
| *lənas | *lənas | ‘clean’ (eng) | |
| *ləŋey | *ləŋey | ‘poor, needy’ (eng) | |
| *ləŋən | *ləŋən | ‘arm (including hand)’ (eng) | |
| *lənəd | *lənəd | ‘sink’ (eng) | |
| *ləpət | *ləpət | ‘fold’ (eng) | |
| *ləseʔa | *ləseʔa | ‘nit, louse egg’ (eng) | |
| *ləsuŋ | *ləsuŋ | ‘mortar’ (eng) | |
| *lətok | *lətok | ‘snap, explode, burst’ (eng) | |
| *maŋuni | *maŋuni | ‘owl’ (eng) | |
| *mataʔ | *mataʔ | ‘green, unripe, raw’ (eng) | |
| *mehaʔ | *mehaʔ | ‘red’ (eng) | |
| *meoŋ | *meoŋ | ‘cat’ (eng) | |
| *muali | *muali | ‘happen, occur, become’ (eng) | |
| *munte | *munte | ‘lemon’ (eng) | |
| *muri | *muri | ‘behind, back, rear’ (eng) | |
| *nabuʔ | *nabuʔ | ‘fall’ (eng) | |
| *nanam | *nanam | ‘taste, flavour’ (eng) | |
| *nanaʔ | *nanaʔ | ‘pus, fester’ (eng) | |
| *naram | *naram | ‘[tame]’ (eng) | |
| *ŋalŋal | *ŋalŋal | ‘[groan (with pain), moan (with pain)]’ (eng) | |
| *ŋaŋa | *ŋaŋa | ‘wide open (of mouth), agape, gape’ (eng) | |
| *ŋar₂an | *ŋar₂an | ‘name’ (eng) | |
| *ŋaʔŋaʔ | *ŋaʔŋaʔ | ‘[chew, munch, chew betel nut]’ (eng) | |
| *ŋilu | *ŋilu | ‘on edge (of teeth)’ (eng) | |
| *ŋir₂uŋ | *ŋir₂uŋ | ‘nose’ (eng) | |
| *ŋisi | *ŋisi | ‘[groan (in pain), complain, bare the teeth (in anger)]’ (eng) | |
| *ŋər₁ər/n | *ŋər₁ər/n | ‘slow’ (eng) | |
| *ŋər₂u | *ŋər₂u | ‘[smell of bad fish, stench, bed smell, musty smell]’ (eng) | |
| *ŋətŋət | *ŋətŋət | ‘sting, smart (of pain)’ (eng) | |
| *ni | *ni | ‘personal possessive/agentive noun marker’ (eng) | |
| *nihu | *nihu | ‘winnowing basket’ (eng) | |
| *nipis | *nipis | ‘thin’ (eng) | |
| *nisnis | *nisnis | ‘wipe, brush’ (eng) | |
| *ohat | *ohat | ‘vein’ (eng) | |
| *ombal | *ombal | ‘shout, call out to’ (eng) | |
| *p/mar₁ut | *p/mar₁ut | ‘sow, scatter’ (eng) | |
| *padelaʔan | *padelaʔan | ‘mad, crazy’ (eng) | |
| *pagər | *paɡər | ‘fence, enclosure’ (eng) | |
| *paha | *paha | ‘attic, loft’ (eng) | |
| *pahi | *pahi | ‘ray fish’ (eng) | |
| *paku | *paku | ‘type of edible fern’ (eng) | |
| *palad | *palad | ‘palm (of hand), sole (of foot)’ (eng) | |
| *palaʔpaʔ | *palaʔpaʔ | ‘palm branch’ (eng) | |
| *paliʔ | *paliʔ | ‘cut, wound’ (eng) | |
| *paluka | *paluka | ‘shoulder’ (eng) | |
| *paŋa | *paŋa | ‘branch, fork’ (eng) | |
| *paŋi | *paŋi | ‘tree with edible leaves and fruit’ (eng); ‘Pangium edule’ (lat) | |
| *paŋkur₁ | *paŋkur₁ | ‘beat (with hard object)’ (eng) | |
| *pa(n)tik | *pa(n)tik | ‘write’ (eng) | |
| *paras | *paras | ‘[weed, clear land]’ (eng) | |
| *par₁ia | *par₁ia | ‘edible gourd’ (eng); ‘Momordica charantia’ (lat) | |
| *pasaʔan | *pasaʔan | ‘carry on the shoulder’ (eng) | |
| *pasuʔ | *pasuʔ | ‘hot’ (eng) | |
| *pasək | *pasək | ‘put stick or post in ground’ (eng) | |
| *patar | *patar | ‘flat, level’ (eng) | |
| *pate | *pate | ‘die, kill’ (eng) | |
| *patiukan | *patiukan | ‘large bee sp.’ (eng) | |
| *paʔa | *paʔa | ‘thigh’ (eng) | |
| *paʔan | *paʔan | ‘bait, lure’ (eng) | |
| *paʔat | *paʔat | ‘chisel’ (eng) | |
| *paʔit | *paʔit | ‘bitter’ (eng) | |
| *pehos | *pehos | ‘[rub, stroke, smear, spread (ointment), massage]’ (eng) | |
| *pekoʔ | *pekoʔ | ‘bent, crooked, bend’ (eng) | |
| *pelaʔ | *pelaʔ | ‘wound’ (eng) | |
| *peraʔ | *peraʔ | ‘roe, fish eggs’ (eng) | |
| *per₁et | *per₁et | ‘bat (mammal)’ (eng) | |
| *pihis | *pihis | ‘pinch (of something), pinch’ (eng) | |
| *pipi | *pipi | ‘cheek’ (eng) | |
| *pira | *pira | ‘how much?, how many?’ (eng) | |
| *pitpit | *pitpit | ‘[blink (eyes)]’ (eng) | |
| *pitu | *pitu | ‘seven’ (eng) | |
| *piʔpiʔ | *piʔpiʔ | ‘[wet, urinate, wash, urine, soaking wet]’ (eng) | |
| *pola | *pola | ‘sugarcane’ (eng) | |
| *polo | *polo | ‘wake up, get up’ (eng) | |
| *pondos | *pondos | ‘slender cane sort’ (eng) | |
| *poŋkol | *poŋkol | ‘cut off, sever’ (eng) | |
| *popo | *popo | ‘hut’ (eng) | |
| *popolas | *popolas | ‘spleen’ (eng) | |
| *potot | *potot | ‘short’ (eng) | |
| *poʔot | *poʔot | ‘belly’ (eng) | |
| *puhus | *puhus | ‘wring, squeeze, squeeze out’ (eng) | |
| *puikan | *puikan | ‘turtle’ (eng) | |
| *pukət | *pukət | ‘net for catching fish or animals’ (eng) | |
| *puliŋ | *puliŋ | ‘full’ (eng) | |
| *pulut | *pulut | ‘gum, glue, sticky’ (eng) | |
| *puluʔ | *puluʔ | ‘decimal unit (tens)’ (eng) | |
| *punti | *punti | ‘banana’ (eng) | |
| *pupus | *pupus | ‘pierce’ (eng) | |
| *pur₂ut | *pur₂ut | ‘pick up, collect, gather’ (eng) | |
| *pusuʔ | *pusuʔ | ‘heart, blossom (of palm, banana)’ (eng) | |
| *pusəd | *pusəd | ‘navel’ (eng) | |
| *putiʔ | *putiʔ | ‘white’ (eng) | |
| *pədəŋ | *pədəŋ | ‘shut eyes’ (eng) | |
| *pəkuʔ | *pəkuʔ | ‘[snapped by being bent, bend (e.g. branch) and snap, broken]’ (eng) | |
| *pənad | *pənad | ‘buttoks, backside’ (eng) | |
| *pəndam | *pəndam | ‘feel, touch’ (eng) | |
| *pəntuʔ | *pəntuʔ | ‘bitter’ (eng) | |
| *pənət | *pənət | ‘[shut]’ (eng) | |
| *pər₂a | *pər₂a | ‘dry’ (eng) | |
| *pəset | *pəset | ‘crowded, cramped, tight fitting’ (eng) | |
| *pəsut | *pəsut | ‘press, squeeze, squeeze out’ (eng) | |
| *pəsəl | *pəsəl | ‘empty, without contents (of fruit, grain), barren’ (eng) | |
| *pəsəl | *pəsəl | ‘squeeze, knead, massage’ (eng) | |
| *pətik | *pətik | ‘flick off/away (with fingers)’ (eng) | |
| *pətik | *pətik | ‘heartbeat, beat (of heart)’ (eng) | |
| *rambun | *rambun | ‘cloud’ (eng) | |
| *rambus | *rambus | ‘snatch away’ (eng) | |
| *raŋdaŋ | *raŋdaŋ | ‘red’ (eng) | |
| *raprap | *raprap | ‘slash off palm leaves’ (eng) | |
| *raraha | *raraha | ‘girl’ (eng) | |
| *rekoʔ | *rekoʔ | ‘bent, curved, bend’ (eng) | |
| *rentek | *rentek | ‘[work metal, forge]’ (eng) | |
| *rikər | *rikər | ‘wind’ (eng) | |
| *ririh | *ririh | ‘yellow, pale, wan’ (eng) | |
| *rurag | *ruraɡ | ‘hollow, hole (in tree)’ (eng) | |
| *rəgəs | *rəɡəs | ‘[wind, blow (of wind)]’ (eng) | |
| *rəŋis | *rəŋis | ‘burn’ (eng) | |
| *rətas | *rətas | ‘break’ (eng) | |
| *r₁antoŋ | *r₁antoŋ | ‘hang (execute)’ (eng) | |
| *r₁ar₁aŋ | *r₁ar₁aŋ | ‘warm by fire, roast’ (eng) | |
| *r₁ibu | *r₁ibu | ‘thousand’ (eng) | |
| *r₁imat | *r₁imat | ‘dense, close together’ (eng) | |
| *r₁okoʔ | *r₁okoʔ | ‘cloth, material’ (eng) | |
| *r₁upu | *r₁upu | ‘smallpox’ (eng) | |
| *r₁ənet | *r₁ənet | ‘[long, strech, tear, rip]’ (eng) | |
| *r₁əŋan | *r₁əŋan | ‘do together, do at the same time, of the same age’ (eng) | |
| *r₁əpət | *r₁əpət | ‘intense, severe, fast’ (eng) | |
| *r₂akut | *r₂akut | ‘bind, tie, tie in a bundle’ (eng) | |
| *r₂eʔo | *r₂eʔo | ‘thirst’ (eng) | |
| *r₂intək | *r₂intək | ‘fine, small’ (eng) | |
| *r₂ondor₂ | *r₂ondor₂ | ‘straight’ (eng) | |
| *r₂əbuŋ | *r₂əbuŋ | ‘bamboo sprouts’ (eng) | |
| *r₂əkat | *r₂əkat | ‘[disused field, stubble, dried rice stalks]’ (eng) | |
| *sa | *sa | ‘if, when’ (eng) | |
| *sabud | *sabud | ‘spread, scatter’ (eng) | |
| *sabut | *sabut | ‘pluck out, pull out’ (eng) | |
| *sahap | *sahap | ‘scoop up, scoop out’ (eng) | |
| *saho | *saho | ‘dew’ (eng) |