Sneddon (1978a): Proto-Minahasan
Search entries
| Headword | IPA | Glosses | |
|---|---|---|---|
| *abahat | *abahat | ‘storm from the west’ | |
| *abu | *abu | ‘ash, dust’ | |
| *abut | *abut | ‘pull out’ | |
| *ade | *ade | ‘jaw’ | |
| *aga | *aɡa | ‘tree sp.’ | |
| *ahbun | *ahbun | ‘[smoke]’ | |
| *ahdan | *ahdan | ‘ladder, stairs’ | |
| *ahi | *ahi | ‘come’ | |
| *ahmut | *ahmut | ‘root’ | |
| *akad | *akad | ‘until, the extent that’ | |
| *akid | *akid | ‘scoop out rice from pot’ | |
| *aku | *aku | ‘I’ | |
| *akəl | *akəl | ‘sugar palm’; ‘Arenga saccharifera’ | |
| *alabat | *alabat | ‘fence’ | |
| *alad | *alad | ‘[enclosure for animals]’ | |
| *aliʔ | *aliʔ | ‘sheet or mat on which to sit or lie’ | |
| *aləd | *aləd | ‘support, prop up’ | |
| *amaŋ | *amaŋ | ‘father’ | |
| *amaʔ | *amaʔ | ‘father’ | |
| *amian | *amian | ‘[north, north wind]’ | |
| *ampit | *ampit | ‘[together with, in company with, take with one]’ | |
| *anak | *anak | ‘offspring, child (of someone)’ | |
| *aŋe | *aŋe | ‘go’ | |
| *antaŋ | *antaŋ | ‘rise, lift up’ | |
| *anu | *anu | ‘someone/something or other’ | |
| *api | *api | ‘fire’ | |
| *apoʔ | *apoʔ | ‘grandparent, ancestor, lord’ | |
| *apu | *apu | ‘finished, used up, finish up, use up’ | |
| *apuh | *apuh | ‘lime’ | |
| *apədu | *apədu | ‘bile, gall’ | |
| *ar₂ihi | *ar₂ihi | ‘post, pillar’ | |
| *ar₂əŋ | *ar₂əŋ | ‘[soot, black stain from smoke]’ | |
| *asaŋ | *asaŋ | ‘gills’ | |
| *asaʔ | *asaʔ | ‘whet, grind sharp’ | |
| *asin | *asin | ‘salt’ | |
| *asu | *asu | ‘dog’ | |
| *asu(h) | *asu(h) | ‘draw water, scoop up water’ | |
| *asəŋ | *asəŋ | ‘breath’ | |
| *ata | *ata | ‘slave’ | |
| *atas | *atas | ‘above, on (top)’ | |
| *ate | *ate | ‘liver’ | |
| *atus | *atus | ‘hundred’ | |
| *atəd | *atəd | ‘[transport, convey]’ | |
| *atəluh | *atəluh | ‘egg’ | |
| *atəp | *atəp | ‘roof, thatch’ | |
| *awak | *awak | ‘body’ | |
| *awəs | *awəs | ‘[enough, increase, add to]’ | |
| *ayah | *ayah | ‘bright, (morning) light’ | |
| *ayam | *ayam | ‘plait, weave’ | |
| *aʔe | *aʔe | ‘foot, leg’ | |
| *babaʔ | *babaʔ | ‘below, under’ | |
| *babi | *babi | ‘pig’ | |
| *babo | *babo | ‘above, over’ | |
| *baer | *baer | ‘pay’ | |
| *baha | *baha | ‘live coals, embers’ | |
| *bahas | *bahas | ‘husked rice’ | |
| *bahat | *bahat | ‘[pregnant]’ | |
| *baheʔ | *baheʔ | ‘swelling’ | |
| *bahiʔ | *bahiʔ | ‘hard outer wood of palm trees’ | |
| *bahuʔ | *bahuʔ | ‘[gravy, sauce, moisten food with gravy, wet, feed animals]’ | |
| *bakul | *bakul | ‘basket’ | |
| *balahan | *balahan | ‘[cucumber]’ | |
| *bale | *bale | ‘house’ | |
| *balelaŋ | *balelaŋ | ‘sulphur’ | |
| *bali | *bali | ‘accompany, escort, lead’ | |
| *balian | *balian | ‘(pagan) priest, shaman’ | |
| *balina | *balina | ‘other’ | |
| *balulaŋ | *balulaŋ | ‘skin, hide’ | |
| *balun | *balun | ‘provisions for journey’ | |
| *baluy | *baluy | ‘transform, change’ | |
| *baŋeh | *baŋeh | ‘smell bad’ | |
| *baŋkoʔ | *baŋkoʔ | ‘big’ | |
| *baŋun | *baŋun | ‘[beautiful, excellent, strong, vigorous]’ | |
| *bantaŋ | *bantaŋ | ‘large basket for storing rice’ | |
| *bantoʔ | *bantoʔ | ‘childless, infertile’ | |
| *banua | *banua | ‘[village]’ | |
| *banut | *banut | ‘coconut husk’ | |
| *baruga | *baruɡa | ‘stone house-shaped tomb’ | |
| *baruk | *baruk | ‘tinder’ | |
| *bar₁at | *bar₁at | ‘at an angle, slanting’ | |
| *bar₁uk | *bar₁uk | ‘tall, slender palm sp.’ | |
| *bar₂eŋ | *bar₂eŋ | ‘return, go back’ | |
| *bataŋ | *bataŋ | ‘[log, body (of person)]’ | |
| *bataʔ | *bataʔ | ‘child, young’ | |
| *batu | *batu | ‘stone’ | |
| *batuna | *batuna | ‘seed, pit (of fruit)’ | |
| *baya | *baya | ‘all’ | |
| *baya | *baya | ‘permit, allow, release’ | |
| *bayaŋ | *bayaŋ | ‘row’ | |
| *bayoŋ | *bayoŋ | ‘swing, dangle’ | |
| *baʔan | *baʔan | ‘sneeze’ | |
| *baʔaŋ | *baʔaŋ | ‘tooth’ | |
| *baʔbaʔ | *baʔbaʔ | ‘mouth’ | |
| *baʔkəs | *baʔkəs | ‘tie up, bind’ | |
| *baʔu(ʔu) | *baʔu(ʔu) | ‘tortoise’ | |
| *bebene | *bebene | ‘woman, female’ | |
| *behe | *behe | ‘give’ | |
| *bene | *bene | ‘woman, female’ | |
| *beneʔ | *beneʔ | ‘rice seed’ | |
| *beybey | *beybey | ‘[hang in tatters, hang down, carry by hand with the load hanging down]’ | |
| *biaʔi | *biaʔi | ‘here’ | |
| *bibih | *bibih | ‘lip(s)’ | |
| *bibit | *bibit | ‘[tug on rope, lift by rope, carry by rope, carry by handle]’ | |
| *bikoʔ | *bikoʔ | ‘small prawn’ | |
| *biliŋ | *biliŋ | ‘turn over, turn around’ | |
| *bilit | *bilit | ‘[sew, pleat, fold]’ | |
| *biŋi | *biŋi | ‘sloping, slanting’ | |
| *biŋkuŋ | *biŋkuŋ | ‘mattock’ | |
| *bintiʔ | *bintiʔ | ‘kick person's calf with shin’ | |
| *bisa | *bisa | ‘which?, where?’ | |
| *biʔis | *biʔis | ‘tick (insect)’ | |
| *bo | *bo | ‘and, with, (and) then’ | |
| *boboʔ | *boboʔ | ‘dumb, mute’ | |
| *boho | *boho | ‘chase away, drive off’ | |
| *bokbok | *bokbok | ‘hole’ | |
| *bolo | *bolo | ‘[albino, reddish, light coloured, silvery-white]’ | |
| *bow | *bow | ‘smell’ | |
| *buaʔ | *buaʔ | ‘fruit, bear fruit, areca fruit’ | |
| *bubu | *bubu | ‘fish trap’ | |
| *bubuŋ | *bubuŋ | ‘ridge of roof’ | |
| *budbud | *budbud | ‘strew, scatter’ | |
| *bue | *bue | ‘[rice grain, ear of rice, rice in husk, any ground fruit (peanut; tuber etc.), first root from rice seed]’ | |
| *buka(ʔ) | *buka(ʔ) | ‘open’ | |
| *bukbuk | *bukbuk | ‘wood borer’ | |
| *buku | *buku | ‘knee, joint, knot’ | |
| *bulbul | *bulbul | ‘feather, fur, body hair’ | |
| *buluʔ | *buluʔ | ‘thin bamboo sp.’ | |
| *buŋaŋ | *buŋaŋ | ‘flower’ | |
| *buni | *buni | ‘hide, conceal’ | |
| *bunoŋ | *bunoŋ | ‘pool, puddle’ | |
| *bunuʔ | *bunuʔ | ‘kill’ | |
| *buruk | *buruk | ‘bad, rotten’ | |
| *bur₁i | *bur₁i | ‘behind, go back, return’ | |
| *bur₂iŋ | *bur₂iŋ | ‘charcoal’ | |
| *bur₂iŋa | *bur₂iŋa | ‘egg’ | |
| *busbus | *busbus | ‘pour out, empty out’ | |
| *busəŋ | *busəŋ | ‘stopper, plug’ | |
| *buta | *buta | ‘full’ | |
| *butbut | *butbut | ‘pull out, pluck out’ | |
| *buʔbuʔ | *buʔbuʔ | ‘hole’ | |
| *buʔuk | *buʔuk | ‘hair’ | |
| *bədbəd | *bədbəd | ‘bind, tie around’ | |
| *bəkbək | *bəkbək | ‘pound, crush’ | |
| *bəlad | *bəlad | ‘spread out (to dry)’ | |
| *bəlah | *bəlah | ‘floor’ | |
| *bənaŋ | *bənaŋ | ‘debt’ | |
| *bəndu | *bəndu | ‘hard work, distress’ | |
| *bəŋi | *bəŋi | ‘night, dark’ | |
| *bəŋkow | *bəŋkow | ‘spear, lance’ | |
| *bəŋəl | *bəŋəl | ‘deaf’ | |
| *bəru | *bəru | ‘new’ | |
| *bər₁oy | *bər₁oy | ‘[hang down, lower, pour, long (of garment), slip, slide]’ | |
| *bər₂ən | *bər₂ən | ‘eye’ | |
| *bəsah | *bəsah | ‘split, crack’ | |
| *bəsuh | *bəsuh | ‘full, satisfied’ | |
| *bətiʔ | *bətiʔ | ‘[burst (of roasting corn), bake corn in ashes]’ | |
| *bətiʔis | *bətiʔis | ‘calf (of leg)’ | |
| *d/r₁aməs | *d/r₁aməs | ‘wet’ | |
| *d/r₁ar₁aŋ | *d/r₁ar₁aŋ | ‘forbid, prohibit’ | |
| *dahami | *dahami | ‘dry rice stalks, straw’ | |
| *dahas | *dahas | ‘secondary pounding of rice’ | |
| *dahaʔ | *dahaʔ | ‘blood’ | |
| *dahum | *dahum | ‘sew, plait thatch’ | |
| *dakdak | *dakdak | ‘hit with implement’ | |
| *daki | *daki | ‘grime, dirt on body’ | |
| *dalan | *dalan | ‘road, pathway’ | |
| *dalid | *dalid | ‘[platform on which the shaman dances, plank used by priest or to sleep on, long shallow wooden tray, trough]’ | |
| *daləm | *daləm | ‘inside, under, deep’ | |
| *damah | *damah | ‘resin, tree from which resin is obtained’ | |
| *dano | *dano | ‘water’ | |
| *dapdap | *dapdap | ‘tree sp.’; ‘Erythrina indica’ | |
| *datah | *datah | ‘even, level, plain, level land’ | |
| *date | *date | ‘cold’ | |
| *dayo | *dayo | ‘praise’ | |
| *daʔan | *daʔan | ‘old’ | |
| *dele | *dele | ‘palm leaf rib’ | |
| *dilaʔ | *dilaʔ | ‘tongue’ | |
| *dipdip | *dipdip | ‘cut off, cut through’ | |
| *diʔdiʔ | *diʔdiʔ | ‘boil’ | |
| *dohaŋ | *dohaŋ | ‘add to, increase’ | |
| *douʔ | *douʔ | ‘far, distant’ | |
| *dua | *dua | ‘two’ | |
| *duhi | *duhi | ‘bone’ | |
| *duhu | *duhu | ‘corner, angle’ | |
| *dukut | *dukut | ‘grass’ | |
| *dumun | *dumun | ‘nest, lair’ | |
| *duniʔ | *duniʔ | ‘rainbow’ | |
| *duyuŋ | *duyuŋ | ‘dugong’ | |
| *dəkdək | *dəkdək | ‘[pound rice for the final time]’ | |
| *dəmdəm | *dəmdəm | ‘dark’ | |
| *dəpa | *dəpa | ‘fathom, span of arms outstretched’ | |
| *ebeh | *ebeh | ‘desire, crave, saliva, slaver, salivate’ | |
| *ehdoʔ | *ehdoʔ | ‘earthquake’ | |
| *eheŋ | *eheŋ | ‘[snore]’ | |
| *eret | *eret | ‘gird, tie round’ | |
| *garot | *ɡarot | ‘scratch’ | |
| *geygey | *ɡeyɡey | ‘[carry by hand, lift up, raise, hang down, hang in tatters]’ | |
| *gio | *ɡio | ‘face, appearance’ | |
| *gogar | *ɡoɡar | ‘[break up, demolish, loosen, break off]’ | |
| *gor₁it | *ɡor₁it | ‘[slice, scrape, dig hole with point of knife, saw]’ | |
| *gərgər | *ɡərɡər | ‘shiver, tremble’ | |
| *iap | *iap | ‘count’ | |
| *iaʔi | *iaʔi | ‘this’ | |
| *ikət | *ikət | ‘[hang up on rope]’ | |
| *ila | *ila | ‘mole (on body)’ | |
| *impit | *impit | ‘[carry under arm, carry under armpit, squeeze with hand, narrow]’ | |
| *inaŋ | *inaŋ | ‘mother’ | |
| *inaʔ | *inaʔ | ‘mother’ | |
| *inaʔ | *inaʔ | ‘reduce, decrease’ | |
| *indo | *indo | ‘take, get, fetch’ | |
| *iŋkot | *iŋkot | ‘[riddle, quarrel]’ | |
| *ipag | *ipaɡ | ‘brother/sister-in-law’ | |
| *ipi | *ipi | ‘dream’ | |
| *ipus | *ipus | ‘tail’ | |
| *ipən | *ipən | ‘tooth’ | |
| *ipəs | *ipəs | ‘cockroach’ | |
| *itoʔ | *itoʔ | ‘uncle’ | |
| *itəm | *itəm | ‘black’ | |
| *k/loloati | *k/loloati | ‘worm’ | |
| *kabal | *kabal | ‘invulnerable, thick skin’ | |
| *kabisa | *kabisa | ‘when?’ | |
| *kahabiʔi | *kahabiʔi | ‘yesterday’ | |
| *kahaŋ | *kahaŋ | ‘scab’ | |
| *kahat | *kahat | ‘snatch, seize’ | |
| *kakaʔ | *kakaʔ | ‘elder sibling’ | |
| *kalasey | *kalasey | ‘[fish trap of bamboo lattice work, bamboo lattice to block floating objects in water channel]’ | |
| *kalebkeb | *kalebkeb | ‘wing’ | |
| *kali | *kali | ‘dig’ | |
| *kalimpoʔpoʔan | *kalimpoʔpoʔan | ‘butterfly’ | |
| *kami | *kami | ‘we (exclusive)’ | |
| *kampet | *kampet | ‘[grip, clutch for support (e.g. railing), climb (e.g. ladder, rocks) using hands]’ | |
| *kamu | *kamu | ‘you (plural)’ | |
| *kan | *kan | ‘food, eat’ | |
| *kantaŋ | *kantaŋ | ‘rise, go up’ | |
| *kantoŋ | *kantoŋ | ‘large, fat, castrated pig’ | |
| *kapey | *kapey | ‘wave, beckon with hand’ | |
| *karkar | *karkar | ‘scratch, dig out’ | |
| *karut | *karut | ‘scrape out, scratch out’ | |
| *kar₁is | *kar₁is | ‘stripe, streak, scratch’ | |
| *kar₁ot | *kar₁ot | ‘scratch’ | |
| *kar₂aʔkaʔ | *kar₂aʔkaʔ | ‘boil, seethe’ | |
| *kar₂ətkət | *kar₂ətkət | ‘grind teeth’ | |
| *kasili | *kasili | ‘eel’ | |
| *kaskas | *kaskas | ‘scratch’ | |
| *kaso | *kaso | ‘rafters’ | |
| *katar₂e | *katar₂e | ‘first’ | |
| *kawihi | *kawihi | ‘leftside’ | |
| *kayoŋ | *kayoŋ | ‘crab’ | |
| *kayoʔ | *kayoʔ | ‘stir, mix’ | |
| *kayu | *kayu | ‘wood, tree’ | |
| *kaʔis | *kaʔis | ‘scrape off, scratch away, make streaks’ | |
| *kehet | *kehet | ‘tap sugar palm’ | |
| *kel/r₂e | *kel/r₂e | ‘like, similar to’ | |
| *kendoŋ | *kendoŋ | ‘make rope by spinning palm fibres’ | |
| *kentoʔ | *kentoʔ | ‘lame, limp’ | |
| *ker₁et | *ker₁et | ‘shout, cry out’ | |
| *keʔkeʔ | *keʔkeʔ | ‘laugh’ | |
| *keʔol | *keʔol | ‘lame, crippled (with deformity)’ | |
| *kiak | *kiak | ‘scream, shout’ | |
| *kileʔ | *kileʔ | ‘tickle’ | |
| *kima | *kima | ‘giant calm’ | |
| *kirkir | *kirkir | ‘stingy, thrifty’ | |
| *kisiʔ | *kisiʔ | ‘torn, tear’ | |
| *kiskis | *kiskis | ‘file, grate, scrape, shave’ | |
| *kita | *kita | ‘we (inclusive)’ | |
| *kiuʔ | *kiuʔ | ‘sexual intercourse’ | |
| *kiʔit | *kiʔit | ‘follow’ | |
| *kiʔit | *kiʔit | ‘small insect’ | |
| *kiʔkiʔ | *kiʔkiʔ | ‘bite’ | |
| *ko | *ko | ‘you (singular)’ | |
| *kobkob | *kobkob | ‘cover’ | |
| *kodkod | *kodkod | ‘[hole, dig (with hands)]’ | |
| *kokoŋ | *kokoŋ | ‘head’ | |
| *kolay | *kolay | ‘taro’ | |
| *kolombiʔ | *kolombiʔ | ‘large freshwater mollusc’ | |
| *korkor | *korkor | ‘scratch’ | |
| *kotkot | *kotkot | ‘scratch’ | |
| *koʔkoʔ | *koʔkoʔ | ‘hen, fowl’ | |
| *kuhun | *kuhun | ‘tall grass sp.’; ‘Imperata cylincrica’ | |
| *kukuk | *kukuk | ‘crow (of rooster)’ | |
| *kulat | *kulat | ‘fungus, mushroom’ | |
| *kulintaŋ | *kulintaŋ | ‘xylophone’ | |
| *kulit | *kulit | ‘skin, bark’ | |
| *kumi | *kumi | ‘moustache’ | |
| *kur/nambər₂ | *kur/nambər₂ | ‘thick’ | |
| *kur₁eʔ | *kur₁eʔ | ‘earthen cooking pot’ | |
| *kur₂a | *kur₂a | ‘[do something, act, how?, why?, how much?]’ | |
| *kuse | *kuse | ‘cuscus’; ‘Phalanger sp.’ | |
| *kusu | *kusu | ‘rub’ | |
| *kutu | *kutu | ‘head louse’ | |
| *kəbit | *kəbit | ‘[pinch or pluck with fingers]’ | |
| *kəbkəb | *kəbkəb | ‘[nibble, bite off little piece]’ | |
| *kəbkəb | *kəbkəb | ‘cover’ | |
| *kəbur | *kəbur | ‘turbid, muddy’ | |
| *kədut | *kədut | ‘pinch’ | |
| *(kə)kəniŋ | *(kə)kəniŋ | ‘eyebrow’ | |
| *kəlad | *kəlad | ‘phlegm’ | |
| *kəleh | *kəleh | ‘shake, tremble’ | |
| *kələb | *kələb | ‘close with lid’ | |
| *kəmbuʔ | *kəmbuʔ | ‘well up, bubble up’ | |
| *kəmkəm | *kəmkəm | ‘cover with hand, hold in closed hand, handful’ | |
| *kəməs | *kəməs | ‘wring out, squeeze, wash clothes’ | |
| *kəntəŋ | *kəntəŋ | ‘taut, tight’ | |
| *kəpkəp | *kəpkəp | ‘embrace, hold against one's body’ | |
| *kəpəl | *kəpəl | ‘[stick on, press on]’ | |
| *kəsah | *kəsah | ‘swell’ | |
| *kəsaʔ | *kəsaʔ | ‘freshwater fish sp.’ | |
| *kəteh | *kəteh | ‘hard’ | |
| *kətkət | *kətkət | ‘nibble, gnaw’ | |
| *kətəp | *kətəp | ‘[close together, without gaps (e.g. floor boards)]’ | |
| *labah | *labah | ‘(lie) across, transverse’ | |
| *lagad | *laɡad | ‘boar’ | |
| *lagaʔ | *laɡaʔ | ‘large red tree ant’ | |
| *lahad | *lahad | ‘itch’ | |
| *lako | *lako | ‘go’ | |
| *laləd | *laləd | ‘fly (insect)’ | |
| *lampaŋ | *lampaŋ | ‘walk’ | |
| *laməd | *laməd | ‘swallow’ | |
| *lana | *lana | ‘oil’ | |
| *laŋit | *laŋit | ‘sky’ | |
| *lansat | *lansat | ‘fruit sp.’; ‘Lancium domesticum’ | |
| *lanut | *lanut | ‘tough (of meat, fibres)’ | |
| *laud | *laud | ‘sea’ | |
| *lawih | *lawih | ‘hut, shack in garden’ | |
| *lebes | *lebes | ‘overflow’ | |
| *leheʔ | *leheʔ | ‘neck’ | |
| *lekaʔ | *lekaʔ | ‘bed bug’ | |
| *lemo | *lemo | ‘citrus fruit’ | |
| *lempad | *lempad | ‘fly’ | |
| *lened | *lened | ‘still, calm’ | |
| *leno | *leno | ‘clear, pure (of water)’ | |
| *leno | *leno | ‘shadow, reflection’ | |
| *leʔad | *leʔad | ‘lean backwards’ | |
| *lia | *lia | ‘ginger’ | |
| *likud | *likud | ‘back, carry on the back’ | |
| *lima | *lima | ‘five’ | |
| *limuhmuh | *limuhmuh | ‘rinse out mouth’ | |
| *liŋkun | *liŋkun | ‘roll up’ | |
| *linsən | *linsən | ‘fold, wrinkle’ | |
| *lintaʔ | *lintaʔ | ‘leech’ | |
| *liput | *liput | ‘surround, encircle’ | |
| *loaŋ | *loaŋ | ‘wide, spacious’ | |
| *lolo | *lolo | ‘extract, pull out’ | |
| *londey | *londey | ‘boat, canoe’ | |
| *loŋon | *loŋon | ‘stupid, ignorant’ | |
| *luar₁ | *luar₁ | ‘outside’ | |
| *luaʔ | *luaʔ | ‘vomit’ | |
| *ludaʔ | *ludaʔ | ‘spit’ | |
| *lueʔ | *lueʔ | ‘tears, weep’ | |
| *lukad | *lukad | ‘watchman, guard, keep watch’ | |
| *lulud | *lulud | ‘shin’ | |
| *lumut | *lumut | ‘moss’ | |
| *lunək | *lunək | ‘soft’ | |
| *lutam | *lutam | ‘[gun, shoot]’ | |
| *lutuʔ | *lutuʔ | ‘cook’ | |
| *ləbuh | *ləbuh | ‘turbid, muddy’ | |
| *ləbəŋ | *ləbəŋ | ‘bury’ | |
| *ləkəp | *ləkəp | ‘complete, finished’ | |
| *ləmbo | *ləmbo | ‘rise to surface, float on surface’ | |
| *ləmbut | *ləmbut | ‘bulge, swelling’ | |
| *ləmeʔ | *ləmeʔ | ‘[soft, gentle, tender]’ | |
| *ləməs | *ləməs | ‘suffocate, choke, drown’ | |
| *lənas | *lənas | ‘clean’ | |
| *ləŋey | *ləŋey | ‘poor, needy’ | |
| *ləŋən | *ləŋən | ‘arm (including hand)’ | |
| *lənəd | *lənəd | ‘sink’ | |
| *ləpət | *ləpət | ‘fold’ | |
| *ləseʔa | *ləseʔa | ‘nit, louse egg’ | |
| *ləsuŋ | *ləsuŋ | ‘mortar’ | |
| *lətok | *lətok | ‘snap, explode, burst’ | |
| *maŋuni | *maŋuni | ‘owl’ | |
| *mataʔ | *mataʔ | ‘green, unripe, raw’ | |
| *mehaʔ | *mehaʔ | ‘red’ | |
| *meoŋ | *meoŋ | ‘cat’ | |
| *muali | *muali | ‘happen, occur, become’ | |
| *munte | *munte | ‘lemon’ | |
| *muri | *muri | ‘behind, back, rear’ | |
| *nabuʔ | *nabuʔ | ‘fall’ | |
| *nanam | *nanam | ‘taste, flavour’ | |
| *nanaʔ | *nanaʔ | ‘pus, fester’ | |
| *naram | *naram | ‘[tame]’ | |
| *ŋalŋal | *ŋalŋal | ‘[groan (with pain), moan (with pain)]’ | |
| *ŋaŋa | *ŋaŋa | ‘wide open (of mouth), agape, gape’ | |
| *ŋar₂an | *ŋar₂an | ‘name’ | |
| *ŋaʔŋaʔ | *ŋaʔŋaʔ | ‘[chew, munch, chew betel nut]’ | |
| *ŋilu | *ŋilu | ‘on edge (of teeth)’ | |
| *ŋir₂uŋ | *ŋir₂uŋ | ‘nose’ | |
| *ŋisi | *ŋisi | ‘[groan (in pain), complain, bare the teeth (in anger)]’ | |
| *ŋər₁ər/n | *ŋər₁ər/n | ‘slow’ | |
| *ŋər₂u | *ŋər₂u | ‘[smell of bad fish, stench, bed smell, musty smell]’ | |
| *ŋətŋət | *ŋətŋət | ‘sting, smart (of pain)’ | |
| *ni | *ni | ‘personal possessive/agentive noun marker’ | |
| *nihu | *nihu | ‘winnowing basket’ | |
| *nipis | *nipis | ‘thin’ | |
| *nisnis | *nisnis | ‘wipe, brush’ | |
| *ohat | *ohat | ‘vein’ | |
| *ombal | *ombal | ‘shout, call out to’ | |
| *p/mar₁ut | *p/mar₁ut | ‘sow, scatter’ | |
| *padelaʔan | *padelaʔan | ‘mad, crazy’ | |
| *pagər | *paɡər | ‘fence, enclosure’ | |
| *paha | *paha | ‘attic, loft’ | |
| *pahi | *pahi | ‘ray fish’ | |
| *paku | *paku | ‘type of edible fern’ | |
| *palad | *palad | ‘palm (of hand), sole (of foot)’ | |
| *palaʔpaʔ | *palaʔpaʔ | ‘palm branch’ | |
| *paliʔ | *paliʔ | ‘cut, wound’ | |
| *paluka | *paluka | ‘shoulder’ | |
| *paŋa | *paŋa | ‘branch, fork’ | |
| *paŋi | *paŋi | ‘tree with edible leaves and fruit’; ‘Pangium edule’ | |
| *paŋkur₁ | *paŋkur₁ | ‘beat (with hard object)’ | |
| *pa(n)tik | *pa(n)tik | ‘write’ | |
| *paras | *paras | ‘[weed, clear land]’ | |
| *par₁ia | *par₁ia | ‘edible gourd’; ‘Momordica charantia’ | |
| *pasaʔan | *pasaʔan | ‘carry on the shoulder’ | |
| *pasuʔ | *pasuʔ | ‘hot’ | |
| *pasək | *pasək | ‘put stick or post in ground’ | |
| *patar | *patar | ‘flat, level’ | |
| *pate | *pate | ‘die, kill’ | |
| *patiukan | *patiukan | ‘large bee sp.’ | |
| *paʔa | *paʔa | ‘thigh’ | |
| *paʔan | *paʔan | ‘bait, lure’ | |
| *paʔat | *paʔat | ‘chisel’ | |
| *paʔit | *paʔit | ‘bitter’ | |
| *pehos | *pehos | ‘[rub, stroke, smear, spread (ointment), massage]’ | |
| *pekoʔ | *pekoʔ | ‘bent, crooked, bend’ | |
| *pelaʔ | *pelaʔ | ‘wound’ | |
| *peraʔ | *peraʔ | ‘roe, fish eggs’ | |
| *per₁et | *per₁et | ‘bat (mammal)’ | |
| *pihis | *pihis | ‘pinch (of something), pinch’ | |
| *pipi | *pipi | ‘cheek’ | |
| *pira | *pira | ‘how much?, how many?’ | |
| *pitpit | *pitpit | ‘[blink (eyes)]’ | |
| *pitu | *pitu | ‘seven’ | |
| *piʔpiʔ | *piʔpiʔ | ‘[wet, urinate, wash, urine, soaking wet]’ | |
| *pola | *pola | ‘sugarcane’ | |
| *polo | *polo | ‘wake up, get up’ | |
| *pondos | *pondos | ‘slender cane sort’ | |
| *poŋkol | *poŋkol | ‘cut off, sever’ | |
| *popo | *popo | ‘hut’ | |
| *popolas | *popolas | ‘spleen’ | |
| *potot | *potot | ‘short’ | |
| *poʔot | *poʔot | ‘belly’ | |
| *puhus | *puhus | ‘wring, squeeze, squeeze out’ | |
| *puikan | *puikan | ‘turtle’ | |
| *pukət | *pukət | ‘net for catching fish or animals’ | |
| *puliŋ | *puliŋ | ‘full’ | |
| *pulut | *pulut | ‘gum, glue, sticky’ | |
| *puluʔ | *puluʔ | ‘decimal unit (tens)’ | |
| *punti | *punti | ‘banana’ | |
| *pupus | *pupus | ‘pierce’ | |
| *pur₂ut | *pur₂ut | ‘pick up, collect, gather’ | |
| *pusuʔ | *pusuʔ | ‘heart, blossom (of palm, banana)’ | |
| *pusəd | *pusəd | ‘navel’ | |
| *putiʔ | *putiʔ | ‘white’ | |
| *pədəŋ | *pədəŋ | ‘shut eyes’ | |
| *pəkuʔ | *pəkuʔ | ‘[snapped by being bent, bend (e.g. branch) and snap, broken]’ | |
| *pənad | *pənad | ‘buttoks, backside’ | |
| *pəndam | *pəndam | ‘feel, touch’ | |
| *pəntuʔ | *pəntuʔ | ‘bitter’ | |
| *pənət | *pənət | ‘[shut]’ | |
| *pər₂a | *pər₂a | ‘dry’ | |
| *pəset | *pəset | ‘crowded, cramped, tight fitting’ | |
| *pəsut | *pəsut | ‘press, squeeze, squeeze out’ | |
| *pəsəl | *pəsəl | ‘empty, without contents (of fruit, grain), barren’ | |
| *pəsəl | *pəsəl | ‘squeeze, knead, massage’ | |
| *pətik | *pətik | ‘flick off/away (with fingers)’ | |
| *pətik | *pətik | ‘heartbeat, beat (of heart)’ | |
| *rambun | *rambun | ‘cloud’ | |
| *rambus | *rambus | ‘snatch away’ | |
| *raŋdaŋ | *raŋdaŋ | ‘red’ | |
| *raprap | *raprap | ‘slash off palm leaves’ | |
| *raraha | *raraha | ‘girl’ | |
| *rekoʔ | *rekoʔ | ‘bent, curved, bend’ | |
| *rentek | *rentek | ‘[work metal, forge]’ | |
| *rikər | *rikər | ‘wind’ | |
| *ririh | *ririh | ‘yellow, pale, wan’ | |
| *rurag | *ruraɡ | ‘hollow, hole (in tree)’ | |
| *rəgəs | *rəɡəs | ‘[wind, blow (of wind)]’ | |
| *rəŋis | *rəŋis | ‘burn’ | |
| *rətas | *rətas | ‘break’ | |
| *r₁antoŋ | *r₁antoŋ | ‘hang (execute)’ | |
| *r₁ar₁aŋ | *r₁ar₁aŋ | ‘warm by fire, roast’ | |
| *r₁ibu | *r₁ibu | ‘thousand’ | |
| *r₁imat | *r₁imat | ‘dense, close together’ | |
| *r₁okoʔ | *r₁okoʔ | ‘cloth, material’ | |
| *r₁upu | *r₁upu | ‘smallpox’ | |
| *r₁ənet | *r₁ənet | ‘[long, strech, tear, rip]’ | |
| *r₁əŋan | *r₁əŋan | ‘do together, do at the same time, of the same age’ | |
| *r₁əpət | *r₁əpət | ‘intense, severe, fast’ | |
| *r₂akut | *r₂akut | ‘bind, tie, tie in a bundle’ | |
| *r₂eʔo | *r₂eʔo | ‘thirst’ | |
| *r₂intək | *r₂intək | ‘fine, small’ | |
| *r₂ondor₂ | *r₂ondor₂ | ‘straight’ | |
| *r₂əbuŋ | *r₂əbuŋ | ‘bamboo sprouts’ | |
| *r₂əkat | *r₂əkat | ‘[disused field, stubble, dried rice stalks]’ | |
| *sa | *sa | ‘if, when’ | |
| *sabud | *sabud | ‘spread, scatter’ | |
| *sabut | *sabut | ‘pluck out, pull out’ | |
| *sahap | *sahap | ‘scoop up, scoop out’ | |
| *saho | *saho | ‘dew’ | |
| *saka | *saka | ‘cockfight’ | |
| *sake | *sake | ‘ride, mount, board’ | |
| *sakey | *sakey | ‘guest’ | |
| *sakit | *sakit | ‘[evil spirit which causes sickness]’ | |
| *salah | *salah | ‘nest’ | |
| *salaksak | *salaksak | ‘rib(s)’ | |
| *salaʔ | *salaʔ | ‘error, mistake, do wrong, make a mistake’ | |
| *saleh | *saleh | ‘floor’ | |
| *saluh | *saluh | ‘gutter, water channel’ | |
| *sambey | *sambey | ‘hang (over something)’ | |
| *samək | *samək | ‘dirty’ | |
| *sapu | *sapu | ‘sweep’ | |
| *saput | *saput | ‘wrap, wrap up’ | |
| *saru | *saru | ‘facing, in front of, face’ | |
| *sawa | *sawa | ‘large snake sp.’ | |
| *sawat | *sawat | ‘answer, reply’ | |
| *sawey | *sawey | ‘[pubic hair, side whiskers]’ | |
| *saʔuh | *saʔuh | ‘mix, mingle, blend’ | |
| *saʔut | *saʔut | ‘stem of young banana (eaten as vegetable)’ | |
| *seaʔ | *seaʔ | ‘deviate, diverge, branch off’ | |
| *sehed | *sehed | ‘sting (of insect)’ | |
| *sekeʔ | *sekeʔ | ‘fight, do battle with’ | |
| *seleŋ | *seleŋ | ‘wry neck, head twisted to one side’ | |
| *seŋkot | *seŋkot | ‘sail’ | |
| *sepər₂ | *sepər₂ | ‘dyke, dam, dam up, block’ | |
| *ser₁op | *ser₁op | ‘slurp, sip’ | |
| *sey | *sey | ‘who?’ | |
| *seʔe | *seʔe | ‘[shoot, sprout (from ground), banana (tree and fruit)]’ | |
| *seʔseʔ | *seʔseʔ | ‘push, shove, push out’ | |
| *si | *si | ‘personal noun marker’ | |
| *sia | *sia | ‘third person singular pronoun’ | |
| *siksik | *siksik | ‘small beetle which bores in wood and crops’ | |
| *siku | *siku | ‘elbow’ | |
| *sikəp | *sikəp | ‘kind of hawk, snatch, seize’ | |
| *siow | *siow | ‘nine’ | |
| *sir₂a | *sir₂a | ‘they’ | |
| *sir₂i | *sir₂i | ‘sift pounded rice in pan’ | |
| *sir₂iʔ | *sir₂iʔ | ‘side, slope, bank’ | |
| *sisi | *sisi | ‘chicken (baby fowl)’ | |
| *siwo | *siwo | ‘cook, make’ | |
| *soksok | *soksok | ‘eat, bite at food (of pig; dog)’ | |
| *sompoy | *sompoy | ‘pouch, bag’ | |
| *sondaŋ | *sondaŋ | ‘dagger, stab’ | |
| *sopit | *sopit | ‘pinch, clamp’ | |
| *sulah | *sulah | ‘[thorn, sharp bamboo spikes planted in ground to catch pigs, palm sp. with thorns on trunk]’ | |
| *suliŋ | *suliŋ | ‘play the flute’ | |
| *suliʔ | *suliʔ | ‘take revenge, repay’ | |
| *sulu | *sulu | ‘claw, nail’ | |
| *suluʔ | *suluʔ | ‘torch’ | |
| *sumbiŋ | *sumbiŋ | ‘jagged, chipped’ | |
| *suŋe | *suŋe | ‘horn (of animal)’ | |
| *su(n)suk | *su(n)suk | ‘sharp instrument, pierce, prick’ | |
| *supi | *supi | ‘rheumatism’ | |
| *supu | *supu | ‘boundary, border’ | |
| *sura | *sura | ‘sharp spike placed in ground to trap animals’ | |
| *surat | *surat | ‘plant whose roots are used to stun fish’; ‘Milletia sericea’ | |
| *surur | *surur | ‘comb’ | |
| *susu | *susu | ‘breast’ | |
| *susud | *susud | ‘each, every, every time’ | |
| *susuh | *susuh | ‘prick, pierce’ | |
| *susut | *susut | ‘near, approach’ | |
| *suysuy | *suysuy | ‘follow (path, river)’ | |
| *suysuy | *suysuy | ‘speak’ | |
| *suʔun | *suʔun | ‘carry on the head’ | |
| *səbu | *səbu | ‘foam, froth, extinguish fire, cool with water’ | |
| *sədaʔ | *sədaʔ | ‘fish, eat meat’ | |
| *səduʔ | *səduʔ | ‘hiccup’ | |
| *sədəm | *sədəm | ‘ant’ | |
| *səksək | *səksək | ‘cram in tightly, squeeze in’ | |
| *səlah | *səlah | ‘big’ | |
| *səlat | *səlat | ‘gap, space between things’ | |
| *sələt | *sələt | ‘insert (between two things)’ | |
| *səmud | *səmud | ‘[snout, muzzle, mouth]’ | |
| *səndih | *səndih | ‘isolated, secluded place, defecate’ | |
| *səŋo | *səŋo | ‘[blow]’ | |
| *səŋsəŋ | *səŋsəŋ | ‘stopper, plug up’ | |
| *səŋət | *səŋət | ‘[ant, black ant sp., small, light brown ant that bites fiercely]’ | |
| *sənsən | *sənsən | ‘[satisfied, full (from eating), crammed full, gather, assemble]’ | |
| *səpaʔ | *səpaʔ | ‘noise of smacking lips while eating, make a noise while eating’ | |
| *səpeʔ | *səpeʔ | ‘slap with open hand’ | |
| *səpsəp | *səpsəp | ‘suck’ | |
| *səpun | *səpun | ‘nasal mucus’ | |
| *səput | *səput | ‘blowpipe’ | |
| *sərəp | *sərəp | ‘penetrate’ | |
| *tabaŋ | *tabaŋ | ‘help’ | |
| *tabaʔ | *tabaʔ | ‘fat (on animal body)’ | |
| *tabaʔaŋ | *tabaʔaŋ | ‘kind of shrub’; ‘Cordyline sp.’ | |
| *tabtab | *tabtab | ‘[chop down, chew through bamboo, cut off (branch), lop off, slash]’ | |
| *tadəm | *tadəm | ‘sharp (of point)’ | |
| *tahas | *tahas | ‘heartwood’ | |
| *tahas | *tahas | ‘tree sp. (used for timber)’ | |
| *tahaʔ | *tahaʔ | ‘plane, chop (wood) smooth’ | |
| *tahuʔ | *tahuʔ | ‘put into, store in’ | |
| *taktak | *taktak | ‘[chop down, chop through, fell, cut wood smooth]’ | |
| *takur₂a | *takur₂a | ‘how much?’ | |
| *talaʔtaʔ | *talaʔtaʔ | ‘skin disease causing pale patches on body’ | |
| *tali | *tali | ‘rope, string’ | |
| *talikud | *talikud | ‘turn the back, part, separate’ | |
| *taliŋa | *taliŋa | ‘ear’ | |
| *talo | *talo | ‘cowardly, timid’ | |
| *talun | *talun | ‘forest’ | |
| *tambəlaŋ | *tambəlaŋ | ‘kind of bamboo’ | |
| *tanaʔ | *tanaʔ | ‘land, soil, ground’ | |
| *tanəm | *tanəm | ‘plant’ | |
| *tar₂e | *tar₂e | ‘newly, just, now’ | |
| *tasik | *tasik | ‘sea’ | |
| *tastas | *tastas | ‘cut through’ | |
| *tawah | *tawah | ‘call, call to, summon’ | |
| *taʔan | *taʔan | ‘snare, set a snare’ | |
| *taʔap | *taʔap | ‘winnow’ | |
| *taʔi | *taʔi | ‘faeces, dregs’ | |
| *taʔu | *taʔu | ‘know’ | |
| *taʔun | *taʔun | ‘year’ | |
| *teger | *teɡer | ‘[bamboo pole (for knocking down fruit), punt, push boat with pole, boat pole]’ | |
| *tehep | *tehep | ‘tree sp.’; ‘Artocarpus blumei’ | |
| *teleb | *teleb | ‘fly away, fade’ | |
| *teŋkor₂ | *teŋkor₂ | ‘beat (on gong, drum etc.) with stick’ | |
| *tete | *tete | ‘bridge’ | |
| *tian | *tian | ‘belly, stomach’ | |
| *tiaʔ | *tiaʔ | ‘throw away’ | |
| *tibaʔ | *tibaʔ | ‘oath, swear an oath’ | |
| *tiboho | *tiboho | ‘reed sp.’ | |
| *tiey | *tiey | ‘pig’ | |
| *tihis | *tihis | ‘drip, leak’ | |
| *tihoy/ʔ | *tihoy/ʔ | ‘sneeze’ | |
| *timboy | *timboy | ‘[hold, grip, hang, dangle, swing, hold upside-down]’ | |
| *timuh | *timuh | ‘south, south wind’ | |
| *tina | *tina | ‘[female (of fowl, bird)’ | |
| *tinaʔ | *tinaʔ | ‘[blue (of bruise), pale, pallid]’ | |
| *tinaʔi | *tinaʔi | ‘intestines’ | |
| *tiŋa | *tiŋa | ‘food caught between teeth’ | |
| *tiŋtiŋ | *tiŋtiŋ | ‘clang, ring (noise), produce clanging noise’ | |
| *tipuʔ | *tipuʔ | ‘pluck (fruit), fall out’ | |
| *toktok | *toktok | ‘chop up finely’ | |
| *toŋkoʔ | *toŋkoʔ | ‘peck, snap’ | |
| *toŋo | *toŋo | ‘mite (insect)’ | |
| *tonton | *tonton | ‘lower, let down’ | |
| *tow | *tow | ‘person, born, live, grow’ | |
| *towo | *towo | ‘liar, cheat, lie, deceive’ | |
| *toʔod | *toʔod | ‘stand up, put up, erect’ | |
| *tuama | *tuama | ‘man, male’ | |
| *tuar₂i | *tuar₂i | ‘younger sibling’ | |
| *tuba | *tuba | ‘plant used as fish poison’ | |
| *tudaʔ | *tudaʔ | ‘stab’ | |
| *tuduʔ | *tuduʔ | ‘point out, indicate’ | |
| *tuhun | *tuhun | ‘[bunch, waterfall, pour down, source of river]’ | |
| *tuma | *tuma | ‘clothes louse’ | |
| *tumid | *tumid | ‘heel’ | |
| *tumpa | *tumpa | ‘descend, alight’ | |
| *tunduh | *tunduh | ‘follow’ | |
| *tunduʔ | *tunduʔ | ‘point, finger’ | |
| *tundək | *tundək | ‘[point, stab, indicate, point with a piece of wood, prod with finger, poke]’ | |
| *tunu | *tunu | ‘burn, bake, roast’ | |
| *tutuŋ | *tutuŋ | ‘kindle, light, set alight’ | |
| *tuʔa | *tuʔa | ‘old’ | |
| *tuʔu | *tuʔu | ‘indeed, really, truly’ | |
| *tuʔud | *tuʔud | ‘origin, beginning, base, stump’ | |
| *tuʔun | *tuʔun | ‘place pot on fire’ | |
| *təbaʔ | *təbaʔ | ‘[slash, cut with sharpened bamboo, sharpened piece of bamboo used as a knife]’ | |
| *təbiʔ | *təbiʔ | ‘break off (piece of something)’ | |
| *təbəl | *təbəl | ‘sharp (of blade)’ | |
| *təktək | *təktək | ‘stick (post) into ground’ | |
| *təkəl | *təkəl | ‘sleep’ | |
| *təkən | *təkən | ‘stick, staff’ | |
| *təlu | *təlu | ‘three’ | |
| *tələs | *tələs | ‘buy’ | |
| *təmbir₁ | *təmbir₁ | ‘edge, side, bank’ | |
| *təmpok | *təmpok | ‘tip, point, extremity, end’ | |
| *təna | *təna | ‘hit, strike’ | |
| *tənaʔ | *tənaʔ | ‘[areca palm and nut, chew betel, fibres (of betel nut, sugarcane etc.) spat out after chewing]’; ‘Areca catechu’ | |
| *təndək | *təndək | ‘post, stake, stick (post) in ground’ | |
| *təŋtəŋ | *təŋtəŋ | ‘look at, stare at’ | |
| *təpeh | *təpeh | ‘mat’ | |
| *təpəs | *təpəs | ‘[suck, suck out, kiss, swallow]’ | |
| *təruŋ | *təruŋ | ‘shelter’ | |
| *uala | *uala | ‘tusk, canine tooth’ | |
| *ualu | *ualu | ‘eight’ | |
| *uaŋ | *uaŋ | ‘howl, yelp (of dog)’ | |
| *uasey | *uasey | ‘iron’ | |
| *uaʔ | *uaʔ | ‘slice open, disembowel’ | |
| *ubad/r | *ubad/r | ‘untie, unravel’ | |
| *uban | *uban | ‘grey hair’ | |
| *ubi | *ubi | ‘edible tuber’ | |
| *ubur | *ubur | ‘edible palm pith’ | |
| *udan | *udan | ‘rain’ | |
| *ue | *ue | ‘rattan’ | |
| *uhmun | *uhmun | ‘[sit on ground (not on perch, of hen), gather chickens under wings (of hen)]’ | |
| *ukaʔ | *ukaʔ | ‘half coconut shell’ | |
| *ukur | *ukur | ‘fate, destiny’ | |
| *ulah | *ulah | ‘snake’ | |
| *ulit | *ulit | ‘true, correct, real’ | |
| *ulu | *ulu | ‘head’ | |
| *ulud | *ulud | ‘resemble, imitate’ | |
| *ulun | *ulun | ‘rest the head’ | |
| *uləd | *uləd | ‘worm, grub, caterpillar’ | |
| *uma | *uma | ‘(dry) cultivated field, gardens’ | |
| *umaʔ | *umaʔ | ‘sheath, sheathe’ | |
| *undam | *undam | ‘medicine’ | |
| *untap | *untap | ‘blow with bellows’ | |
| *untəp | *untəp | ‘inside, interior, enter’ | |
| *unəd | *unəd | ‘[middle, centre]’ | |
| *upa(ʔ) | *upa(ʔ) | ‘hen’ | |
| *upuʔ | *upuʔ | ‘pick (rice), reap, harvest’ | |
| *usuy | *usuy | ‘seek, look for’ | |
| *utək | *utək | ‘brain’ | |
| *ədam | *ədam | ‘[lease (land), rent]’ | |
| *ələp | *ələp | ‘drink’ | |
| *ələt | *ələt | ‘[intervene, between, put between, partition, rarely, put between]’ | |
| *əmbəl | *əmbəl | ‘rattan sp.’ | |
| *əmbət | *əmbət | ‘gird, wrap around belly’ | |
| *əmis | *əmis | ‘sweet’ | |
| *əndo | *əndo | ‘day, sun’ | |
| *əŋah | *əŋah | ‘cough’ | |
| *ənteʔ | *ənteʔ | ‘strong, forceful’ | |
| *əntoʔ | *əntoʔ | ‘[stop, wait, live (in a place), long (of time), rest]’ | |
| *ə(n)tut | *ə(n)tut | ‘fart’ | |
| *ənəm | *ənəm | ‘six’ | |
| *əpat | *əpat | ‘four’ | |
| *əpeʔ | *əpeʔ | ‘taste’ | |
| *ərut | *ərut | ‘[roar, rumble (of thunder), thunder]’ | |
| *ər₂is | *ər₂is | ‘sand’ | |
| *əsa | *əsa | ‘one’ | |
| *əsəm | *əsəm | ‘sour’ | |
| *əta | *əta | ‘bran, chaff’ | |
| *əti | *əti | ‘dry up’ | |
| *ətuŋ | *ətuŋ | ‘[tilt (in order to pour out contents), lean over, lose balance, slope, rising ground]’ |