Sneddon (1978a): Proto-Minahasan
Search entries
| Headword | IPA | Glosses | |
|---|---|---|---|
| *abahat | *abahat | ‘storm from the west’ |
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| *abu | *abu | ‘ash, dust’ |
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| *abut | *abut | ‘pull out’ |
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| *ade | *ade | ‘jaw’ |
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| *aga | *aɡa | ‘tree sp.’ |
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| *ahbun | *ahbun | ‘[smoke]’ |
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| *ahdan | *ahdan | ‘ladder, stairs’ |
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| *ahi | *ahi | ‘come’ |
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| *ahmut | *ahmut | ‘root’ |
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| *akad | *akad | ‘until, the extent that’ |
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| *akid | *akid | ‘scoop out rice from pot’ |
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| *aku | *aku | ‘I’ |
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| *akəl | *akəl | ‘sugar palm’; ‘Arenga saccharifera’ |
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| *alabat | *alabat | ‘fence’ |
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| *alad | *alad | ‘[enclosure for animals]’ |
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| *aliʔ | *aliʔ | ‘sheet or mat on which to sit or lie’ |
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| *aləd | *aləd | ‘support, prop up’ |
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| *amaŋ | *amaŋ | ‘father’ |
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| *amaʔ | *amaʔ | ‘father’ |
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| *amian | *amian | ‘[north, north wind]’ |
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| *ampit | *ampit | ‘[together with, in company with, take with one]’ |
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| *anak | *anak | ‘offspring, child (of someone)’ |
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| *aŋe | *aŋe | ‘go’ |
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| *antaŋ | *antaŋ | ‘rise, lift up’ |
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| *anu | *anu | ‘someone/something or other’ |
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| *api | *api | ‘fire’ |
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| *apoʔ | *apoʔ | ‘grandparent, ancestor, lord’ |
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| *apu | *apu | ‘finished, used up, finish up, use up’ |
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| *apuh | *apuh | ‘lime’ |
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| *apədu | *apədu | ‘bile, gall’ |
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| *ar₂ihi | *ar₂ihi | ‘post, pillar’ |
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| *ar₂əŋ | *ar₂əŋ | ‘[soot, black stain from smoke]’ |
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| *asaŋ | *asaŋ | ‘gills’ |
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| *asaʔ | *asaʔ | ‘whet, grind sharp’ |
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| *asin | *asin | ‘salt’ |
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| *asu | *asu | ‘dog’ |
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| *asu(h) | *asu(h) | ‘draw water, scoop up water’ |
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| *asəŋ | *asəŋ | ‘breath’ |
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| *ata | *ata | ‘slave’ |
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| *atas | *atas | ‘above, on (top)’ |
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| *ate | *ate | ‘liver’ |
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| *atus | *atus | ‘hundred’ |
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| *atəd | *atəd | ‘[transport, convey]’ |
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| *atəluh | *atəluh | ‘egg’ |
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| *atəp | *atəp | ‘roof, thatch’ |
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| *awak | *awak | ‘body’ |
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| *awəs | *awəs | ‘[enough, increase, add to]’ |
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| *ayah | *ayah | ‘bright, (morning) light’ |
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| *ayam | *ayam | ‘plait, weave’ |
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| *aʔe | *aʔe | ‘foot, leg’ |
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| *babaʔ | *babaʔ | ‘below, under’ |
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| *babi | *babi | ‘pig’ |
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| *babo | *babo | ‘above, over’ |
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| *baer | *baer | ‘pay’ |
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| *baha | *baha | ‘live coals, embers’ |
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| *bahas | *bahas | ‘husked rice’ |
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| *bahat | *bahat | ‘[pregnant]’ |
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| *baheʔ | *baheʔ | ‘swelling’ |
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| *bahiʔ | *bahiʔ | ‘hard outer wood of palm trees’ |
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| *bahuʔ | *bahuʔ | ‘[gravy, sauce, moisten food with gravy, wet, feed animals]’ |
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| *bakul | *bakul | ‘basket’ |
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| *balahan | *balahan | ‘[cucumber]’ |
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| *bale | *bale | ‘house’ |
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| *balelaŋ | *balelaŋ | ‘sulphur’ |
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| *bali | *bali | ‘accompany, escort, lead’ |
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| *balian | *balian | ‘(pagan) priest, shaman’ |
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| *balina | *balina | ‘other’ |
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| *balulaŋ | *balulaŋ | ‘skin, hide’ |
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| *balun | *balun | ‘provisions for journey’ |
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| *baluy | *baluy | ‘transform, change’ |
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| *baŋeh | *baŋeh | ‘smell bad’ |
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| *baŋkoʔ | *baŋkoʔ | ‘big’ |
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| *baŋun | *baŋun | ‘[beautiful, excellent, strong, vigorous]’ |
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| *bantaŋ | *bantaŋ | ‘large basket for storing rice’ |
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| *bantoʔ | *bantoʔ | ‘childless, infertile’ |
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| *banua | *banua | ‘[village]’ |
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| *banut | *banut | ‘coconut husk’ |
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| *baruga | *baruɡa | ‘stone house-shaped tomb’ |
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| *baruk | *baruk | ‘tinder’ |
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| *bar₁at | *bar₁at | ‘at an angle, slanting’ |
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| *bar₁uk | *bar₁uk | ‘tall, slender palm sp.’ |
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| *bar₂eŋ | *bar₂eŋ | ‘return, go back’ |
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| *bataŋ | *bataŋ | ‘[log, body (of person)]’ |
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| *bataʔ | *bataʔ | ‘child, young’ |
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| *batu | *batu | ‘stone’ |
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| *batuna | *batuna | ‘seed, pit (of fruit)’ |
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| *baya | *baya | ‘all’ |
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| *baya | *baya | ‘permit, allow, release’ |
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| *bayaŋ | *bayaŋ | ‘row’ |
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| *bayoŋ | *bayoŋ | ‘swing, dangle’ |
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| *baʔan | *baʔan | ‘sneeze’ |
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| *baʔaŋ | *baʔaŋ | ‘tooth’ |
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| *baʔbaʔ | *baʔbaʔ | ‘mouth’ |
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| *baʔkəs | *baʔkəs | ‘tie up, bind’ |
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| *baʔu(ʔu) | *baʔu(ʔu) | ‘tortoise’ |
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| *bebene | *bebene | ‘woman, female’ |
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| *behe | *behe | ‘give’ |
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| *bene | *bene | ‘woman, female’ |
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| *beneʔ | *beneʔ | ‘rice seed’ |
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| *beybey | *beybey | ‘[hang in tatters, hang down, carry by hand with the load hanging down]’ |
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| *biaʔi | *biaʔi | ‘here’ |
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| *bibih | *bibih | ‘lip(s)’ |
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| *bibit | *bibit | ‘[tug on rope, lift by rope, carry by rope, carry by handle]’ |
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| *bikoʔ | *bikoʔ | ‘small prawn’ |
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| *biliŋ | *biliŋ | ‘turn over, turn around’ |
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| *bilit | *bilit | ‘[sew, pleat, fold]’ |
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| *biŋi | *biŋi | ‘sloping, slanting’ |
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| *biŋkuŋ | *biŋkuŋ | ‘mattock’ |
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| *bintiʔ | *bintiʔ | ‘kick person's calf with shin’ |
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| *bisa | *bisa | ‘which?, where?’ |
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| *biʔis | *biʔis | ‘tick (insect)’ |
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| *bo | *bo | ‘and, with, (and) then’ |
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| *boboʔ | *boboʔ | ‘dumb, mute’ |
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| *boho | *boho | ‘chase away, drive off’ |
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| *bokbok | *bokbok | ‘hole’ |
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| *bolo | *bolo | ‘[albino, reddish, light coloured, silvery-white]’ |
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| *bow | *bow | ‘smell’ |
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| *buaʔ | *buaʔ | ‘fruit, bear fruit, areca fruit’ |
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| *bubu | *bubu | ‘fish trap’ |
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| *bubuŋ | *bubuŋ | ‘ridge of roof’ |
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| *budbud | *budbud | ‘strew, scatter’ |
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| *bue | *bue | ‘[rice grain, ear of rice, rice in husk, any ground fruit (peanut; tuber etc.), first root from rice seed]’ |
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| *buka(ʔ) | *buka(ʔ) | ‘open’ |
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| *bukbuk | *bukbuk | ‘wood borer’ |
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| *buku | *buku | ‘knee, joint, knot’ |
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| *bulbul | *bulbul | ‘feather, fur, body hair’ |
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| *buluʔ | *buluʔ | ‘thin bamboo sp.’ |
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| *buŋaŋ | *buŋaŋ | ‘flower’ |
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| *buni | *buni | ‘hide, conceal’ |
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| *bunoŋ | *bunoŋ | ‘pool, puddle’ |
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| *bunuʔ | *bunuʔ | ‘kill’ |
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| *buruk | *buruk | ‘bad, rotten’ |
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| *bur₁i | *bur₁i | ‘behind, go back, return’ |
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| *bur₂iŋ | *bur₂iŋ | ‘charcoal’ |
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| *bur₂iŋa | *bur₂iŋa | ‘egg’ |
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| *busbus | *busbus | ‘pour out, empty out’ |
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| *busəŋ | *busəŋ | ‘stopper, plug’ |
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| *buta | *buta | ‘full’ |
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| *butbut | *butbut | ‘pull out, pluck out’ |
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| *buʔbuʔ | *buʔbuʔ | ‘hole’ |
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| *buʔuk | *buʔuk | ‘hair’ |
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| *bədbəd | *bədbəd | ‘bind, tie around’ |
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| *bəkbək | *bəkbək | ‘pound, crush’ |
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| *bəlad | *bəlad | ‘spread out (to dry)’ |
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| *bəlah | *bəlah | ‘floor’ |
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| *bənaŋ | *bənaŋ | ‘debt’ |
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| *bəndu | *bəndu | ‘hard work, distress’ |
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| *bəŋi | *bəŋi | ‘night, dark’ |
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| *bəŋkow | *bəŋkow | ‘spear, lance’ |
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| *bəŋəl | *bəŋəl | ‘deaf’ |
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| *bəru | *bəru | ‘new’ |
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| *bər₁oy | *bər₁oy | ‘[hang down, lower, pour, long (of garment), slip, slide]’ |
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| *bər₂ən | *bər₂ən | ‘eye’ |
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| *bəsah | *bəsah | ‘split, crack’ |
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| *bəsuh | *bəsuh | ‘full, satisfied’ |
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| *bətiʔ | *bətiʔ | ‘[burst (of roasting corn), bake corn in ashes]’ |
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| *bətiʔis | *bətiʔis | ‘calf (of leg)’ |
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| *d/r₁aməs | *d/r₁aməs | ‘wet’ |
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| *d/r₁ar₁aŋ | *d/r₁ar₁aŋ | ‘forbid, prohibit’ |
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| *dahami | *dahami | ‘dry rice stalks, straw’ |
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| *dahas | *dahas | ‘secondary pounding of rice’ |
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| *dahaʔ | *dahaʔ | ‘blood’ |
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| *dahum | *dahum | ‘sew, plait thatch’ |
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| *dakdak | *dakdak | ‘hit with implement’ |
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| *daki | *daki | ‘grime, dirt on body’ |
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| *dalan | *dalan | ‘road, pathway’ |
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| *dalid | *dalid | ‘[platform on which the shaman dances, plank used by priest or to sleep on, long shallow wooden tray, trough]’ |
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| *daləm | *daləm | ‘inside, under, deep’ |
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| *damah | *damah | ‘resin, tree from which resin is obtained’ |
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| *dano | *dano | ‘water’ |
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| *dapdap | *dapdap | ‘tree sp.’; ‘Erythrina indica’ |
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| *datah | *datah | ‘even, level, plain, level land’ |
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| *date | *date | ‘cold’ |
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| *dayo | *dayo | ‘praise’ |
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| *daʔan | *daʔan | ‘old’ |
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| *dele | *dele | ‘palm leaf rib’ |
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| *dilaʔ | *dilaʔ | ‘tongue’ |
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| *dipdip | *dipdip | ‘cut off, cut through’ |
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| *diʔdiʔ | *diʔdiʔ | ‘boil’ |
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| *dohaŋ | *dohaŋ | ‘add to, increase’ |
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| *douʔ | *douʔ | ‘far, distant’ |
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| *dua | *dua | ‘two’ |
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| *duhi | *duhi | ‘bone’ |
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| *duhu | *duhu | ‘corner, angle’ |
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| *dukut | *dukut | ‘grass’ |
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| *dumun | *dumun | ‘nest, lair’ |
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| *duniʔ | *duniʔ | ‘rainbow’ |
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| *duyuŋ | *duyuŋ | ‘dugong’ |
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| *dəkdək | *dəkdək | ‘[pound rice for the final time]’ |
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| *dəmdəm | *dəmdəm | ‘dark’ |
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| *dəpa | *dəpa | ‘fathom, span of arms outstretched’ |
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| *ebeh | *ebeh | ‘desire, crave, saliva, slaver, salivate’ |
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| *ehdoʔ | *ehdoʔ | ‘earthquake’ |
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| *eheŋ | *eheŋ | ‘[snore]’ |
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| *eret | *eret | ‘gird, tie round’ |
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| *garot | *ɡarot | ‘scratch’ |
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| *geygey | *ɡeyɡey | ‘[carry by hand, lift up, raise, hang down, hang in tatters]’ |
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| *gio | *ɡio | ‘face, appearance’ |
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| *gogar | *ɡoɡar | ‘[break up, demolish, loosen, break off]’ |
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| *gor₁it | *ɡor₁it | ‘[slice, scrape, dig hole with point of knife, saw]’ |
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| *gərgər | *ɡərɡər | ‘shiver, tremble’ |
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| *iap | *iap | ‘count’ |
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| *iaʔi | *iaʔi | ‘this’ |
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| *ikət | *ikət | ‘[hang up on rope]’ |
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| *ila | *ila | ‘mole (on body)’ |
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| *impit | *impit | ‘[carry under arm, carry under armpit, squeeze with hand, narrow]’ |
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| *inaŋ | *inaŋ | ‘mother’ |
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| *inaʔ | *inaʔ | ‘mother’ |
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| *inaʔ | *inaʔ | ‘reduce, decrease’ |
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| *indo | *indo | ‘take, get, fetch’ |
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| *iŋkot | *iŋkot | ‘[riddle, quarrel]’ |
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| *ipag | *ipaɡ | ‘brother/sister-in-law’ |
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| *ipi | *ipi | ‘dream’ |
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| *ipus | *ipus | ‘tail’ |
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| *ipən | *ipən | ‘tooth’ |
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| *ipəs | *ipəs | ‘cockroach’ |
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| *itoʔ | *itoʔ | ‘uncle’ |
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| *itəm | *itəm | ‘black’ |
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| *k/loloati | *k/loloati | ‘worm’ |
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| *kabal | *kabal | ‘invulnerable, thick skin’ |
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| *kabisa | *kabisa | ‘when?’ |
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| *kahabiʔi | *kahabiʔi | ‘yesterday’ |
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| *kahaŋ | *kahaŋ | ‘scab’ |
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| *kahat | *kahat | ‘snatch, seize’ |
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| *kakaʔ | *kakaʔ | ‘elder sibling’ |
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| *kalasey | *kalasey | ‘[fish trap of bamboo lattice work, bamboo lattice to block floating objects in water channel]’ |
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| *kalebkeb | *kalebkeb | ‘wing’ |
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| *kali | *kali | ‘dig’ |
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| *kalimpoʔpoʔan | *kalimpoʔpoʔan | ‘butterfly’ |
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| *kami | *kami | ‘we (exclusive)’ |
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| *kampet | *kampet | ‘[grip, clutch for support (e.g. railing), climb (e.g. ladder, rocks) using hands]’ |
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| *kamu | *kamu | ‘you (plural)’ |
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| *kan | *kan | ‘food, eat’ |
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| *kantaŋ | *kantaŋ | ‘rise, go up’ |
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| *kantoŋ | *kantoŋ | ‘large, fat, castrated pig’ |
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| *kapey | *kapey | ‘wave, beckon with hand’ |
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| *karkar | *karkar | ‘scratch, dig out’ |
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| *karut | *karut | ‘scrape out, scratch out’ |
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| *kar₁is | *kar₁is | ‘stripe, streak, scratch’ |
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| *kar₁ot | *kar₁ot | ‘scratch’ |
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| *kar₂aʔkaʔ | *kar₂aʔkaʔ | ‘boil, seethe’ |
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| *kar₂ətkət | *kar₂ətkət | ‘grind teeth’ |
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| *kasili | *kasili | ‘eel’ |
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| *kaskas | *kaskas | ‘scratch’ |
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| *kaso | *kaso | ‘rafters’ |
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| *katar₂e | *katar₂e | ‘first’ |
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| *kawihi | *kawihi | ‘leftside’ |
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| *kayoŋ | *kayoŋ | ‘crab’ |
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| *kayoʔ | *kayoʔ | ‘stir, mix’ |
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| *kayu | *kayu | ‘wood, tree’ |
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| *kaʔis | *kaʔis | ‘scrape off, scratch away, make streaks’ |
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| *kehet | *kehet | ‘tap sugar palm’ |
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| *kel/r₂e | *kel/r₂e | ‘like, similar to’ |
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| *kendoŋ | *kendoŋ | ‘make rope by spinning palm fibres’ |
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| *kentoʔ | *kentoʔ | ‘lame, limp’ |
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| *ker₁et | *ker₁et | ‘shout, cry out’ |
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| *keʔkeʔ | *keʔkeʔ | ‘laugh’ |
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| *keʔol | *keʔol | ‘lame, crippled (with deformity)’ |
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| *kiak | *kiak | ‘scream, shout’ |
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| *kileʔ | *kileʔ | ‘tickle’ |
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| *kima | *kima | ‘giant calm’ |
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| *kirkir | *kirkir | ‘stingy, thrifty’ |
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| *kisiʔ | *kisiʔ | ‘torn, tear’ |
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| *kiskis | *kiskis | ‘file, grate, scrape, shave’ |
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| *kita | *kita | ‘we (inclusive)’ |
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| *kiuʔ | *kiuʔ | ‘sexual intercourse’ |
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| *kiʔit | *kiʔit | ‘follow’ |
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| *kiʔit | *kiʔit | ‘small insect’ |
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| *kiʔkiʔ | *kiʔkiʔ | ‘bite’ |
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| *ko | *ko | ‘you (singular)’ |
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| *kobkob | *kobkob | ‘cover’ |
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| *kodkod | *kodkod | ‘[hole, dig (with hands)]’ |
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| *kokoŋ | *kokoŋ | ‘head’ |
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| *kolay | *kolay | ‘taro’ |
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| *kolombiʔ | *kolombiʔ | ‘large freshwater mollusc’ |
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| *korkor | *korkor | ‘scratch’ |
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| *kotkot | *kotkot | ‘scratch’ |
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| *koʔkoʔ | *koʔkoʔ | ‘hen, fowl’ |
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| *kuhun | *kuhun | ‘tall grass sp.’; ‘Imperata cylincrica’ |
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| *kukuk | *kukuk | ‘crow (of rooster)’ |
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| *kulat | *kulat | ‘fungus, mushroom’ |
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| *kulintaŋ | *kulintaŋ | ‘xylophone’ |
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| *kulit | *kulit | ‘skin, bark’ |
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| *kumi | *kumi | ‘moustache’ |
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| *kur/nambər₂ | *kur/nambər₂ | ‘thick’ |
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| *kur₁eʔ | *kur₁eʔ | ‘earthen cooking pot’ |
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| *kur₂a | *kur₂a | ‘[do something, act, how?, why?, how much?]’ |
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| *kuse | *kuse | ‘cuscus’; ‘Phalanger sp.’ |
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| *kusu | *kusu | ‘rub’ |
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| *kutu | *kutu | ‘head louse’ |
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| *kəbit | *kəbit | ‘[pinch or pluck with fingers]’ |
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| *kəbkəb | *kəbkəb | ‘[nibble, bite off little piece]’ |
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| *kəbkəb | *kəbkəb | ‘cover’ |
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| *kəbur | *kəbur | ‘turbid, muddy’ |
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| *kədut | *kədut | ‘pinch’ |
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| *(kə)kəniŋ | *(kə)kəniŋ | ‘eyebrow’ |
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| *kəlad | *kəlad | ‘phlegm’ |
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| *kəleh | *kəleh | ‘shake, tremble’ |
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| *kələb | *kələb | ‘close with lid’ |
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| *kəmbuʔ | *kəmbuʔ | ‘well up, bubble up’ |
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| *kəmkəm | *kəmkəm | ‘cover with hand, hold in closed hand, handful’ |
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| *kəməs | *kəməs | ‘wring out, squeeze, wash clothes’ |
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| *kəntəŋ | *kəntəŋ | ‘taut, tight’ |
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| *kəpkəp | *kəpkəp | ‘embrace, hold against one's body’ |
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| *kəpəl | *kəpəl | ‘[stick on, press on]’ |
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| *kəsah | *kəsah | ‘swell’ |
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| *kəsaʔ | *kəsaʔ | ‘freshwater fish sp.’ |
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| *kəteh | *kəteh | ‘hard’ |
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| *kətkət | *kətkət | ‘nibble, gnaw’ |
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| *kətəp | *kətəp | ‘[close together, without gaps (e.g. floor boards)]’ |
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| *labah | *labah | ‘(lie) across, transverse’ |
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| *lagad | *laɡad | ‘boar’ |
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| *lagaʔ | *laɡaʔ | ‘large red tree ant’ |
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| *lahad | *lahad | ‘itch’ |
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| *lako | *lako | ‘go’ |
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| *laləd | *laləd | ‘fly (insect)’ |
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| *lampaŋ | *lampaŋ | ‘walk’ |
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| *laməd | *laməd | ‘swallow’ |
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| *lana | *lana | ‘oil’ |
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| *laŋit | *laŋit | ‘sky’ |
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| *lansat | *lansat | ‘fruit sp.’; ‘Lancium domesticum’ |
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| *lanut | *lanut | ‘tough (of meat, fibres)’ |
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| *laud | *laud | ‘sea’ |
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| *lawih | *lawih | ‘hut, shack in garden’ |
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| *lebes | *lebes | ‘overflow’ |
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| *leheʔ | *leheʔ | ‘neck’ |
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| *lekaʔ | *lekaʔ | ‘bed bug’ |
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| *lemo | *lemo | ‘citrus fruit’ |
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| *lempad | *lempad | ‘fly’ |
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| *lened | *lened | ‘still, calm’ |
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| *leno | *leno | ‘clear, pure (of water)’ |
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| *leno | *leno | ‘shadow, reflection’ |
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| *leʔad | *leʔad | ‘lean backwards’ |
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| *lia | *lia | ‘ginger’ |
|
| *likud | *likud | ‘back, carry on the back’ |
|
| *lima | *lima | ‘five’ |
|
| *limuhmuh | *limuhmuh | ‘rinse out mouth’ |
|
| *liŋkun | *liŋkun | ‘roll up’ |
|
| *linsən | *linsən | ‘fold, wrinkle’ |
|
| *lintaʔ | *lintaʔ | ‘leech’ |
|
| *liput | *liput | ‘surround, encircle’ |
|
| *loaŋ | *loaŋ | ‘wide, spacious’ |
|
| *lolo | *lolo | ‘extract, pull out’ |
|
| *londey | *londey | ‘boat, canoe’ |
|
| *loŋon | *loŋon | ‘stupid, ignorant’ |
|
| *luar₁ | *luar₁ | ‘outside’ |
|
| *luaʔ | *luaʔ | ‘vomit’ |
|
| *ludaʔ | *ludaʔ | ‘spit’ |
|
| *lueʔ | *lueʔ | ‘tears, weep’ |
|
| *lukad | *lukad | ‘watchman, guard, keep watch’ |
|
| *lulud | *lulud | ‘shin’ |
|
| *lumut | *lumut | ‘moss’ |
|
| *lunək | *lunək | ‘soft’ |
|
| *lutam | *lutam | ‘[gun, shoot]’ |
|
| *lutuʔ | *lutuʔ | ‘cook’ |
|
| *ləbuh | *ləbuh | ‘turbid, muddy’ |
|
| *ləbəŋ | *ləbəŋ | ‘bury’ |
|
| *ləkəp | *ləkəp | ‘complete, finished’ |
|
| *ləmbo | *ləmbo | ‘rise to surface, float on surface’ |
|
| *ləmbut | *ləmbut | ‘bulge, swelling’ |
|
| *ləmeʔ | *ləmeʔ | ‘[soft, gentle, tender]’ |
|
| *ləməs | *ləməs | ‘suffocate, choke, drown’ |
|
| *lənas | *lənas | ‘clean’ |
|
| *ləŋey | *ləŋey | ‘poor, needy’ |
|
| *ləŋən | *ləŋən | ‘arm (including hand)’ |
|
| *lənəd | *lənəd | ‘sink’ |
|
| *ləpət | *ləpət | ‘fold’ |
|
| *ləseʔa | *ləseʔa | ‘nit, louse egg’ |
|
| *ləsuŋ | *ləsuŋ | ‘mortar’ |
|
| *lətok | *lətok | ‘snap, explode, burst’ |
|
| *maŋuni | *maŋuni | ‘owl’ |
|
| *mataʔ | *mataʔ | ‘green, unripe, raw’ |
|
| *mehaʔ | *mehaʔ | ‘red’ |
|
| *meoŋ | *meoŋ | ‘cat’ |
|
| *muali | *muali | ‘happen, occur, become’ |
|
| *munte | *munte | ‘lemon’ |
|
| *muri | *muri | ‘behind, back, rear’ |
|
| *nabuʔ | *nabuʔ | ‘fall’ |
|
| *nanam | *nanam | ‘taste, flavour’ |
|
| *nanaʔ | *nanaʔ | ‘pus, fester’ |
|
| *naram | *naram | ‘[tame]’ |
|
| *ŋalŋal | *ŋalŋal | ‘[groan (with pain), moan (with pain)]’ |
|
| *ŋaŋa | *ŋaŋa | ‘wide open (of mouth), agape, gape’ |
|
| *ŋar₂an | *ŋar₂an | ‘name’ |
|
| *ŋaʔŋaʔ | *ŋaʔŋaʔ | ‘[chew, munch, chew betel nut]’ |
|
| *ŋilu | *ŋilu | ‘on edge (of teeth)’ |
|
| *ŋir₂uŋ | *ŋir₂uŋ | ‘nose’ |
|
| *ŋisi | *ŋisi | ‘[groan (in pain), complain, bare the teeth (in anger)]’ |
|
| *ŋər₁ər/n | *ŋər₁ər/n | ‘slow’ |
|
| *ŋər₂u | *ŋər₂u | ‘[smell of bad fish, stench, bed smell, musty smell]’ |
|
| *ŋətŋət | *ŋətŋət | ‘sting, smart (of pain)’ |
|
| *ni | *ni | ‘personal possessive/agentive noun marker’ |
|
| *nihu | *nihu | ‘winnowing basket’ |
|
| *nipis | *nipis | ‘thin’ |
|
| *nisnis | *nisnis | ‘wipe, brush’ |
|
| *ohat | *ohat | ‘vein’ |
|
| *ombal | *ombal | ‘shout, call out to’ |
|
| *p/mar₁ut | *p/mar₁ut | ‘sow, scatter’ |
|
| *padelaʔan | *padelaʔan | ‘mad, crazy’ |
|
| *pagər | *paɡər | ‘fence, enclosure’ |
|
| *paha | *paha | ‘attic, loft’ |
|
| *pahi | *pahi | ‘ray fish’ |
|
| *paku | *paku | ‘type of edible fern’ |
|
| *palad | *palad | ‘palm (of hand), sole (of foot)’ |
|
| *palaʔpaʔ | *palaʔpaʔ | ‘palm branch’ |
|
| *paliʔ | *paliʔ | ‘cut, wound’ |
|
| *paluka | *paluka | ‘shoulder’ |
|
| *paŋa | *paŋa | ‘branch, fork’ |
|
| *paŋi | *paŋi | ‘tree with edible leaves and fruit’; ‘Pangium edule’ |
|
| *paŋkur₁ | *paŋkur₁ | ‘beat (with hard object)’ |
|
| *pa(n)tik | *pa(n)tik | ‘write’ |
|
| *paras | *paras | ‘[weed, clear land]’ |
|
| *par₁ia | *par₁ia | ‘edible gourd’; ‘Momordica charantia’ |
|
| *pasaʔan | *pasaʔan | ‘carry on the shoulder’ |
|
| *pasuʔ | *pasuʔ | ‘hot’ |
|
| *pasək | *pasək | ‘put stick or post in ground’ |
|
| *patar | *patar | ‘flat, level’ |
|
| *pate | *pate | ‘die, kill’ |
|
| *patiukan | *patiukan | ‘large bee sp.’ |
|
| *paʔa | *paʔa | ‘thigh’ |
|
| *paʔan | *paʔan | ‘bait, lure’ |
|
| *paʔat | *paʔat | ‘chisel’ |
|
| *paʔit | *paʔit | ‘bitter’ |
|
| *pehos | *pehos | ‘[rub, stroke, smear, spread (ointment), massage]’ |
|
| *pekoʔ | *pekoʔ | ‘bent, crooked, bend’ |
|
| *pelaʔ | *pelaʔ | ‘wound’ |
|
| *peraʔ | *peraʔ | ‘roe, fish eggs’ |
|
| *per₁et | *per₁et | ‘bat (mammal)’ |
|
| *pihis | *pihis | ‘pinch (of something), pinch’ |
|
| *pipi | *pipi | ‘cheek’ |
|
| *pira | *pira | ‘how much?, how many?’ |
|
| *pitpit | *pitpit | ‘[blink (eyes)]’ |
|
| *pitu | *pitu | ‘seven’ |
|
| *piʔpiʔ | *piʔpiʔ | ‘[wet, urinate, wash, urine, soaking wet]’ |
|
| *pola | *pola | ‘sugarcane’ |
|
| *polo | *polo | ‘wake up, get up’ |
|
| *pondos | *pondos | ‘slender cane sort’ |
|
| *poŋkol | *poŋkol | ‘cut off, sever’ |
|
| *popo | *popo | ‘hut’ |
|
| *popolas | *popolas | ‘spleen’ |
|
| *potot | *potot | ‘short’ |
|
| *poʔot | *poʔot | ‘belly’ |
|
| *puhus | *puhus | ‘wring, squeeze, squeeze out’ |
|
| *puikan | *puikan | ‘turtle’ |
|
| *pukət | *pukət | ‘net for catching fish or animals’ |
|
| *puliŋ | *puliŋ | ‘full’ |
|
| *pulut | *pulut | ‘gum, glue, sticky’ |
|
| *puluʔ | *puluʔ | ‘decimal unit (tens)’ |
|
| *punti | *punti | ‘banana’ |
|
| *pupus | *pupus | ‘pierce’ |
|
| *pur₂ut | *pur₂ut | ‘pick up, collect, gather’ |
|
| *pusuʔ | *pusuʔ | ‘heart, blossom (of palm, banana)’ |
|
| *pusəd | *pusəd | ‘navel’ |
|
| *putiʔ | *putiʔ | ‘white’ |
|
| *pədəŋ | *pədəŋ | ‘shut eyes’ |
|
| *pəkuʔ | *pəkuʔ | ‘[snapped by being bent, bend (e.g. branch) and snap, broken]’ |
|
| *pənad | *pənad | ‘buttoks, backside’ |
|
| *pəndam | *pəndam | ‘feel, touch’ |
|
| *pəntuʔ | *pəntuʔ | ‘bitter’ |
|
| *pənət | *pənət | ‘[shut]’ |
|
| *pər₂a | *pər₂a | ‘dry’ |
|
| *pəset | *pəset | ‘crowded, cramped, tight fitting’ |
|
| *pəsut | *pəsut | ‘press, squeeze, squeeze out’ |
|
| *pəsəl | *pəsəl | ‘empty, without contents (of fruit, grain), barren’ |
|
| *pəsəl | *pəsəl | ‘squeeze, knead, massage’ |
|
| *pətik | *pətik | ‘flick off/away (with fingers)’ |
|
| *pətik | *pətik | ‘heartbeat, beat (of heart)’ |
|
| *rambun | *rambun | ‘cloud’ |
|
| *rambus | *rambus | ‘snatch away’ |
|
| *raŋdaŋ | *raŋdaŋ | ‘red’ |
|
| *raprap | *raprap | ‘slash off palm leaves’ |
|
| *raraha | *raraha | ‘girl’ |
|
| *rekoʔ | *rekoʔ | ‘bent, curved, bend’ |
|
| *rentek | *rentek | ‘[work metal, forge]’ |
|
| *rikər | *rikər | ‘wind’ |
|
| *ririh | *ririh | ‘yellow, pale, wan’ |
|
| *rurag | *ruraɡ | ‘hollow, hole (in tree)’ |
|
| *rəgəs | *rəɡəs | ‘[wind, blow (of wind)]’ |
|
| *rəŋis | *rəŋis | ‘burn’ |
|
| *rətas | *rətas | ‘break’ |
|
| *r₁antoŋ | *r₁antoŋ | ‘hang (execute)’ |
|
| *r₁ar₁aŋ | *r₁ar₁aŋ | ‘warm by fire, roast’ |
|
| *r₁ibu | *r₁ibu | ‘thousand’ |
|
| *r₁imat | *r₁imat | ‘dense, close together’ |
|
| *r₁okoʔ | *r₁okoʔ | ‘cloth, material’ |
|
| *r₁upu | *r₁upu | ‘smallpox’ |
|
| *r₁ənet | *r₁ənet | ‘[long, strech, tear, rip]’ |
|
| *r₁əŋan | *r₁əŋan | ‘do together, do at the same time, of the same age’ |
|
| *r₁əpət | *r₁əpət | ‘intense, severe, fast’ |
|
| *r₂akut | *r₂akut | ‘bind, tie, tie in a bundle’ |
|
| *r₂eʔo | *r₂eʔo | ‘thirst’ |
|
| *r₂intək | *r₂intək | ‘fine, small’ |
|
| *r₂ondor₂ | *r₂ondor₂ | ‘straight’ |
|
| *r₂əbuŋ | *r₂əbuŋ | ‘bamboo sprouts’ |
|
| *r₂əkat | *r₂əkat | ‘[disused field, stubble, dried rice stalks]’ |
|
| *sa | *sa | ‘if, when’ |
|
| *sabud | *sabud | ‘spread, scatter’ |
|
| *sabut | *sabut | ‘pluck out, pull out’ |
|
| *sahap | *sahap | ‘scoop up, scoop out’ |
|
| *saho | *saho | ‘dew’ |
|
| *saka | *saka | ‘cockfight’ |
|
| *sake | *sake | ‘ride, mount, board’ |
|
| *sakey | *sakey | ‘guest’ |
|
| *sakit | *sakit | ‘[evil spirit which causes sickness]’ |
|
| *salah | *salah | ‘nest’ |
|
| *salaksak | *salaksak | ‘rib(s)’ |
|
| *salaʔ | *salaʔ | ‘error, mistake, do wrong, make a mistake’ |
|
| *saleh | *saleh | ‘floor’ |
|
| *saluh | *saluh | ‘gutter, water channel’ |
|
| *sambey | *sambey | ‘hang (over something)’ |
|
| *samək | *samək | ‘dirty’ |
|
| *sapu | *sapu | ‘sweep’ |
|
| *saput | *saput | ‘wrap, wrap up’ |
|
| *saru | *saru | ‘facing, in front of, face’ |
|
| *sawa | *sawa | ‘large snake sp.’ |
|
| *sawat | *sawat | ‘answer, reply’ |
|
| *sawey | *sawey | ‘[pubic hair, side whiskers]’ |
|
| *saʔuh | *saʔuh | ‘mix, mingle, blend’ |
|
| *saʔut | *saʔut | ‘stem of young banana (eaten as vegetable)’ |
|
| *seaʔ | *seaʔ | ‘deviate, diverge, branch off’ |
|
| *sehed | *sehed | ‘sting (of insect)’ |
|
| *sekeʔ | *sekeʔ | ‘fight, do battle with’ |
|
| *seleŋ | *seleŋ | ‘wry neck, head twisted to one side’ |
|
| *seŋkot | *seŋkot | ‘sail’ |
|
| *sepər₂ | *sepər₂ | ‘dyke, dam, dam up, block’ |
|
| *ser₁op | *ser₁op | ‘slurp, sip’ |
|
| *sey | *sey | ‘who?’ |
|
| *seʔe | *seʔe | ‘[shoot, sprout (from ground), banana (tree and fruit)]’ |
|
| *seʔseʔ | *seʔseʔ | ‘push, shove, push out’ |
|
| *si | *si | ‘personal noun marker’ |
|
| *sia | *sia | ‘third person singular pronoun’ |
|
| *siksik | *siksik | ‘small beetle which bores in wood and crops’ |
|
| *siku | *siku | ‘elbow’ |
|
| *sikəp | *sikəp | ‘kind of hawk, snatch, seize’ |
|
| *siow | *siow | ‘nine’ |
|
| *sir₂a | *sir₂a | ‘they’ |
|
| *sir₂i | *sir₂i | ‘sift pounded rice in pan’ |
|
| *sir₂iʔ | *sir₂iʔ | ‘side, slope, bank’ |
|
| *sisi | *sisi | ‘chicken (baby fowl)’ |
|
| *siwo | *siwo | ‘cook, make’ |
|
| *soksok | *soksok | ‘eat, bite at food (of pig; dog)’ |
|
| *sompoy | *sompoy | ‘pouch, bag’ |
|
| *sondaŋ | *sondaŋ | ‘dagger, stab’ |
|
| *sopit | *sopit | ‘pinch, clamp’ |
|
| *sulah | *sulah | ‘[thorn, sharp bamboo spikes planted in ground to catch pigs, palm sp. with thorns on trunk]’ |
|
| *suliŋ | *suliŋ | ‘play the flute’ |
|
| *suliʔ | *suliʔ | ‘take revenge, repay’ |
|
| *sulu | *sulu | ‘claw, nail’ |
|
| *suluʔ | *suluʔ | ‘torch’ |
|
| *sumbiŋ | *sumbiŋ | ‘jagged, chipped’ |
|
| *suŋe | *suŋe | ‘horn (of animal)’ |
|
| *su(n)suk | *su(n)suk | ‘sharp instrument, pierce, prick’ |
|
| *supi | *supi | ‘rheumatism’ |
|
| *supu | *supu | ‘boundary, border’ |
|
| *sura | *sura | ‘sharp spike placed in ground to trap animals’ |
|
| *surat | *surat | ‘plant whose roots are used to stun fish’; ‘Milletia sericea’ |
|
| *surur | *surur | ‘comb’ |
|
| *susu | *susu | ‘breast’ |
|
| *susud | *susud | ‘each, every, every time’ |
|
| *susuh | *susuh | ‘prick, pierce’ |
|
| *susut | *susut | ‘near, approach’ |
|
| *suysuy | *suysuy | ‘follow (path, river)’ |
|
| *suysuy | *suysuy | ‘speak’ |
|
| *suʔun | *suʔun | ‘carry on the head’ |
|
| *səbu | *səbu | ‘foam, froth, extinguish fire, cool with water’ |
|
| *sədaʔ | *sədaʔ | ‘fish, eat meat’ |
|
| *səduʔ | *səduʔ | ‘hiccup’ |
|
| *sədəm | *sədəm | ‘ant’ |
|
| *səksək | *səksək | ‘cram in tightly, squeeze in’ |
|
| *səlah | *səlah | ‘big’ |
|
| *səlat | *səlat | ‘gap, space between things’ |
|
| *sələt | *sələt | ‘insert (between two things)’ |
|
| *səmud | *səmud | ‘[snout, muzzle, mouth]’ |
|
| *səndih | *səndih | ‘isolated, secluded place, defecate’ |
|
| *səŋo | *səŋo | ‘[blow]’ |
|
| *səŋsəŋ | *səŋsəŋ | ‘stopper, plug up’ |
|
| *səŋət | *səŋət | ‘[ant, black ant sp., small, light brown ant that bites fiercely]’ |
|
| *sənsən | *sənsən | ‘[satisfied, full (from eating), crammed full, gather, assemble]’ |
|
| *səpaʔ | *səpaʔ | ‘noise of smacking lips while eating, make a noise while eating’ |
|
| *səpeʔ | *səpeʔ | ‘slap with open hand’ |
|
| *səpsəp | *səpsəp | ‘suck’ |
|
| *səpun | *səpun | ‘nasal mucus’ |
|
| *səput | *səput | ‘blowpipe’ |
|
| *sərəp | *sərəp | ‘penetrate’ |
|
| *tabaŋ | *tabaŋ | ‘help’ |
|
| *tabaʔ | *tabaʔ | ‘fat (on animal body)’ |
|
| *tabaʔaŋ | *tabaʔaŋ | ‘kind of shrub’; ‘Cordyline sp.’ |
|
| *tabtab | *tabtab | ‘[chop down, chew through bamboo, cut off (branch), lop off, slash]’ |
|
| *tadəm | *tadəm | ‘sharp (of point)’ |
|
| *tahas | *tahas | ‘heartwood’ |
|
| *tahas | *tahas | ‘tree sp. (used for timber)’ |
|
| *tahaʔ | *tahaʔ | ‘plane, chop (wood) smooth’ |
|
| *tahuʔ | *tahuʔ | ‘put into, store in’ |
|
| *taktak | *taktak | ‘[chop down, chop through, fell, cut wood smooth]’ |
|
| *takur₂a | *takur₂a | ‘how much?’ |
|
| *talaʔtaʔ | *talaʔtaʔ | ‘skin disease causing pale patches on body’ |
|
| *tali | *tali | ‘rope, string’ |
|
| *talikud | *talikud | ‘turn the back, part, separate’ |
|
| *taliŋa | *taliŋa | ‘ear’ |
|
| *talo | *talo | ‘cowardly, timid’ |
|
| *talun | *talun | ‘forest’ |
|
| *tambəlaŋ | *tambəlaŋ | ‘kind of bamboo’ |
|
| *tanaʔ | *tanaʔ | ‘land, soil, ground’ |
|
| *tanəm | *tanəm | ‘plant’ |
|
| *tar₂e | *tar₂e | ‘newly, just, now’ |
|
| *tasik | *tasik | ‘sea’ |
|
| *tastas | *tastas | ‘cut through’ |
|
| *tawah | *tawah | ‘call, call to, summon’ |
|
| *taʔan | *taʔan | ‘snare, set a snare’ |
|
| *taʔap | *taʔap | ‘winnow’ |
|
| *taʔi | *taʔi | ‘faeces, dregs’ |
|
| *taʔu | *taʔu | ‘know’ |
|
| *taʔun | *taʔun | ‘year’ |
|
| *teger | *teɡer | ‘[bamboo pole (for knocking down fruit), punt, push boat with pole, boat pole]’ |
|
| *tehep | *tehep | ‘tree sp.’; ‘Artocarpus blumei’ |
|
| *teleb | *teleb | ‘fly away, fade’ |
|
| *teŋkor₂ | *teŋkor₂ | ‘beat (on gong, drum etc.) with stick’ |
|
| *tete | *tete | ‘bridge’ |
|
| *tian | *tian | ‘belly, stomach’ |
|
| *tiaʔ | *tiaʔ | ‘throw away’ |
|
| *tibaʔ | *tibaʔ | ‘oath, swear an oath’ |
|
| *tiboho | *tiboho | ‘reed sp.’ |
|
| *tiey | *tiey | ‘pig’ |
|
| *tihis | *tihis | ‘drip, leak’ |
|
| *tihoy/ʔ | *tihoy/ʔ | ‘sneeze’ |
|
| *timboy | *timboy | ‘[hold, grip, hang, dangle, swing, hold upside-down]’ |
|
| *timuh | *timuh | ‘south, south wind’ |
|
| *tina | *tina | ‘[female (of fowl, bird)’ |
|
| *tinaʔ | *tinaʔ | ‘[blue (of bruise), pale, pallid]’ |
|
| *tinaʔi | *tinaʔi | ‘intestines’ |
|
| *tiŋa | *tiŋa | ‘food caught between teeth’ |
|
| *tiŋtiŋ | *tiŋtiŋ | ‘clang, ring (noise), produce clanging noise’ |
|
| *tipuʔ | *tipuʔ | ‘pluck (fruit), fall out’ |
|
| *toktok | *toktok | ‘chop up finely’ |
|
| *toŋkoʔ | *toŋkoʔ | ‘peck, snap’ |
|
| *toŋo | *toŋo | ‘mite (insect)’ |
|
| *tonton | *tonton | ‘lower, let down’ |
|
| *tow | *tow | ‘person, born, live, grow’ |
|
| *towo | *towo | ‘liar, cheat, lie, deceive’ |
|
| *toʔod | *toʔod | ‘stand up, put up, erect’ |
|
| *tuama | *tuama | ‘man, male’ |
|
| *tuar₂i | *tuar₂i | ‘younger sibling’ |
|
| *tuba | *tuba | ‘plant used as fish poison’ |
|
| *tudaʔ | *tudaʔ | ‘stab’ |
|
| *tuduʔ | *tuduʔ | ‘point out, indicate’ |
|
| *tuhun | *tuhun | ‘[bunch, waterfall, pour down, source of river]’ |
|
| *tuma | *tuma | ‘clothes louse’ |
|
| *tumid | *tumid | ‘heel’ |
|
| *tumpa | *tumpa | ‘descend, alight’ |
|
| *tunduh | *tunduh | ‘follow’ |
|
| *tunduʔ | *tunduʔ | ‘point, finger’ |
|
| *tundək | *tundək | ‘[point, stab, indicate, point with a piece of wood, prod with finger, poke]’ |
|
| *tunu | *tunu | ‘burn, bake, roast’ |
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| *tutuŋ | *tutuŋ | ‘kindle, light, set alight’ |
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| *tuʔa | *tuʔa | ‘old’ |
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| *tuʔu | *tuʔu | ‘indeed, really, truly’ |
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| *tuʔud | *tuʔud | ‘origin, beginning, base, stump’ |
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| *tuʔun | *tuʔun | ‘place pot on fire’ |
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| *təbaʔ | *təbaʔ | ‘[slash, cut with sharpened bamboo, sharpened piece of bamboo used as a knife]’ |
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| *təbiʔ | *təbiʔ | ‘break off (piece of something)’ |
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| *təbəl | *təbəl | ‘sharp (of blade)’ |
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| *təktək | *təktək | ‘stick (post) into ground’ |
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| *təkəl | *təkəl | ‘sleep’ |
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| *təkən | *təkən | ‘stick, staff’ |
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| *təlu | *təlu | ‘three’ |
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| *tələs | *tələs | ‘buy’ |
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| *təmbir₁ | *təmbir₁ | ‘edge, side, bank’ |
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| *təmpok | *təmpok | ‘tip, point, extremity, end’ |
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| *təna | *təna | ‘hit, strike’ |
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| *tənaʔ | *tənaʔ | ‘[areca palm and nut, chew betel, fibres (of betel nut, sugarcane etc.) spat out after chewing]’; ‘Areca catechu’ |
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| *təndək | *təndək | ‘post, stake, stick (post) in ground’ |
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| *təŋtəŋ | *təŋtəŋ | ‘look at, stare at’ |
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| *təpeh | *təpeh | ‘mat’ |
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| *təpəs | *təpəs | ‘[suck, suck out, kiss, swallow]’ |
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| *təruŋ | *təruŋ | ‘shelter’ |
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| *uala | *uala | ‘tusk, canine tooth’ |
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| *ualu | *ualu | ‘eight’ |
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| *uaŋ | *uaŋ | ‘howl, yelp (of dog)’ |
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| *uasey | *uasey | ‘iron’ |
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| *uaʔ | *uaʔ | ‘slice open, disembowel’ |
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| *ubad/r | *ubad/r | ‘untie, unravel’ |
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| *uban | *uban | ‘grey hair’ |
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| *ubi | *ubi | ‘edible tuber’ |
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| *ubur | *ubur | ‘edible palm pith’ |
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| *udan | *udan | ‘rain’ |
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| *ue | *ue | ‘rattan’ |
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| *uhmun | *uhmun | ‘[sit on ground (not on perch, of hen), gather chickens under wings (of hen)]’ |
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| *ukaʔ | *ukaʔ | ‘half coconut shell’ |
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| *ukur | *ukur | ‘fate, destiny’ |
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| *ulah | *ulah | ‘snake’ |
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| *ulit | *ulit | ‘true, correct, real’ |
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| *ulu | *ulu | ‘head’ |
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| *ulud | *ulud | ‘resemble, imitate’ |
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| *ulun | *ulun | ‘rest the head’ |
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| *uləd | *uləd | ‘worm, grub, caterpillar’ |
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| *uma | *uma | ‘(dry) cultivated field, gardens’ |
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| *umaʔ | *umaʔ | ‘sheath, sheathe’ |
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| *undam | *undam | ‘medicine’ |
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| *untap | *untap | ‘blow with bellows’ |
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| *untəp | *untəp | ‘inside, interior, enter’ |
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| *unəd | *unəd | ‘[middle, centre]’ |
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| *upa(ʔ) | *upa(ʔ) | ‘hen’ |
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| *upuʔ | *upuʔ | ‘pick (rice), reap, harvest’ |
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| *usuy | *usuy | ‘seek, look for’ |
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| *utək | *utək | ‘brain’ |
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| *ədam | *ədam | ‘[lease (land), rent]’ |
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| *ələp | *ələp | ‘drink’ |
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| *ələt | *ələt | ‘[intervene, between, put between, partition, rarely, put between]’ |
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| *əmbəl | *əmbəl | ‘rattan sp.’ |
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| *əmbət | *əmbət | ‘gird, wrap around belly’ |
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| *əmis | *əmis | ‘sweet’ |
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| *əndo | *əndo | ‘day, sun’ |
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| *əŋah | *əŋah | ‘cough’ |
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| *ənteʔ | *ənteʔ | ‘strong, forceful’ |
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| *əntoʔ | *əntoʔ | ‘[stop, wait, live (in a place), long (of time), rest]’ |
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| *ə(n)tut | *ə(n)tut | ‘fart’ |
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| *ənəm | *ənəm | ‘six’ |
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| *əpat | *əpat | ‘four’ |
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| *əpeʔ | *əpeʔ | ‘taste’ |
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| *ərut | *ərut | ‘[roar, rumble (of thunder), thunder]’ |
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| *ər₂is | *ər₂is | ‘sand’ |
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| *əsa | *əsa | ‘one’ |
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| *əsəm | *əsəm | ‘sour’ |
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| *əta | *əta | ‘bran, chaff’ |
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| *əti | *əti | ‘dry up’ |
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| *ətuŋ | *ətuŋ | ‘[tilt (in order to pour out contents), lean over, lose balance, slope, rising ground]’ |