Source entries: Tamelan (2021)

Tamelan (2021): Dela

Original citation: Tamelan, Thersia Magdalena. 2021. A grammar of Dela: an Austronesian language of Rote, eastern Indonesia. PhD thesis, Australian National University.

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Headword	IPA	Glosses
=a	=a	‘definite marker, the’
aeʔ	aeʔ	‘big (giant animal)’
afis	afis	‘yesterday’
afu	afu	‘dust’
ai	ai	‘fire’
aifooʔ	aifooʔ	‘moringa tree’
aiusuʔ	aiusuʔ	‘rib’
ale	ale	‘chew, digest’
alu	alu	‘pounder for mortar’
ama	ama	‘2PL VOC, you (PL)’
amaʔ	amaʔ	‘father’
ambon	aᵐbon	‘forgiveness’
ana	ana	‘3SG NOM, she, he, it’
anak	anak	‘small’
anin	anin	‘wind’
ao	ao	‘lime paste’
aoʔ	aoʔ	‘body, self’
ara	ara	‘3PL NOM, they’
ari	ari	‘in-laws’
aruʔ	aruʔ	‘shoulder’
asiŋgaraʔ	asiᵑɡaraʔ	‘scold severely’
ata	ata	‘1PL VOC, we’
atahori	atahori	‘person’
ataʔ	ataʔ	‘above, top’
ate	ate	‘slave’
ateʔ	ateʔ	‘liver’
atoran	atoran	‘regulations’
au	au	‘1SG, I, me, my’
awee	awee	‘oh, oh no (disappointment)’
Balu	ɓalu	‘clan name’
e	e	‘3SG. ACC, her, him, it’
eiʔ	eiʔ	‘leg’
eki	eki	‘shout, yell’
eko	eko	‘sift rice’
elu	elu	‘creep’
elus	elus	‘rainbow’
ena	ena	‘perfective, already’
eni	eni	‘3sg, she, her, he, him’
eni	eni	1. ‘until, since’ 2. ‘until, since’
eruʔ	eruʔ	‘gallbladder’
esa	esa	‘one’
etu	etu	‘catfish’
fa-	fa-	‘verbaliser’
faa	faa	‘some’
fae	fae	‘wake someone up, shake’
fafareʔ	fafareʔ	‘jellyfish’
fafi	fafi	‘pig’
fafo	fafo	‘k.o. plant/vine’
fai	fai	‘again’
fai	fai	‘day, time, again’
fale	fale	‘regret’
falees	falees	‘glass’
falu	falu	‘eight’
falu	falu	‘widow’
faŋgi	faᵑɡi	‘break (glass)’
fati	fati	‘feed (liquid)’
fatu	fatu	‘rock’
fauʔ	fauʔ	‘thick’
faɗuli	faɗuli	‘care about s.t.’
faʔa	faʔa	‘cut open’
fee	fee	‘give’
fela	fela	‘get up, wake up’
felas	felas	‘machete’
felis	felis	‘bridewealth’
feo	feo	‘tie’
feta	feta	‘throw a party’
fetaʔ	fetaʔ	‘grain, millet’
fetoʔ	fetoʔ	‘sister (male speaking)’
fetu	fetu	‘morning’
feuʔ	feuʔ	‘new’
feʔe	feʔe	‘still, prospective’
fii	fii	‘reeds’
fila	fila	‘wean’
filo	filo	‘whip’
filoo	filoo	‘k.o. tree’
fina	fina	‘peel (beans)’
fini	fini	‘seedling’
finiesaʔ	finiesaʔ	‘day after tomorrow’
fio	fio	‘hit’
fitiʔ	fitiʔ	‘calf’
fitiʔ	fitiʔ	‘shoot a slingshot’
fo	fo	‘IRR marker, so that (COMP), REL’
foaʔ	foaʔ	‘scar’
foi	foi	‘fall (as a tree)’
fokur	fokur	‘startle’
foo	foo	‘herd animals’
fooʔ	fooʔ	‘smell’
fora	fora	‘hone, grind’
foti	foti	‘dance (male)’
foʔi	foʔi	‘peel (coconut)’
fua	fua	‘put, accuse’
fufu	fufu	‘rot (wood)’
fufue	fufue	‘beans’
fui	fui	‘wild, guest’
fula	fula	‘get lighter skin’
fula	fula	‘month’
fulae	fulae	‘k.o. tree’
fulan	fulan	‘moon’
fuloo	fuloo	‘k.o. tree’
fuluʔ	fuluʔ	‘hair’
funi	funi	‘hide’
fureʔ	fureʔ	‘foam’
futu	futu	‘tie into a bundle’
fuu	fuu	‘blow’
haa	haa	‘four’
haa	haa	‘sting, burn (sun)’
hae	hae	‘absent (from school)’
hae	hae	‘breathe, smell’
hahae	hahae	‘take a break’
hai	hai	‘1PL EXCL, we, us’
hai	hai	‘heal’
hai	hai	‘stingray’
haitua	haitua	‘send’
hala	hala	‘kill (by stabbing)’
hambu	haᵐbu	‘get, receive’
hanas	hanas	‘hot (water)’
hando	haⁿdo	‘fetch water’
haŋga	haᵑɡa	‘inch (measure with finger)’
hani	hani	‘feed (animal)’
hano	hano	‘weave (palm mat)’
hao	hao	‘feed (human)’
hapi	hapi	‘carry under arm’
haraʔ	haraʔ	‘voice’
hasa	hasa	‘buy’
haso	haso	‘grab, catch’
hatek	hatek	‘blink’
hatuʔ	hatuʔ	‘dark’
hau	hau	‘wood, tree’
haɓo	haɓo	‘pound (betel nut)’
haɗok	haɗok	‘shiny’
haʔi	haʔi	‘take’
hefuʔ	hefuʔ	‘many’
heheli	heheli	‘choose’
heheɗuʔ	heheɗuʔ	‘k.o. small fish’
hei	hei	‘2PL, you’
hei	hei	‘yes (expressing agreement)’
hela	hela	‘divorce, leave’
helas	helas	‘pumpkin’
helo	helo	‘chant’
helu	helu	‘break (stick)’
helu	helu	‘promise’
hemba	heᵐba	‘hit (with wood)’
hendi	heⁿdi	‘get rid of, come off’
hene	hene	‘climb’
heŋge	heᵑɡe	‘tie (thread)’
heŋgu	heᵑɡu	‘bite’
heo	heo	‘gather around’
here	here	‘pick from the ground, choose’
hese	hese	‘blow (nose)’
heta	heta	‘stomp’
hetar	hetar	‘many’
hetu	hetu	‘perhaps’
heɗis	heɗis	‘illness’
hia	hia	‘respect’
hiek	hiek	‘goat’
hieʔ	hieʔ	‘k.o. corn’
hii	hii	‘like’
hinaʔ	hinaʔ	‘wound’
hira	hira	1. ‘how many’ 2. ‘several’
hita	hita	‘1PL INCL, we, us’
hitu	hitu	‘seven’
hiɗak	hiɗak	‘few’
hiʔaʔ	hiʔaʔ	‘sister-in-law, brother’s wife, husband’s sister’
hohoŋge	hohoᵑɡe	‘commit adultery’
hoi	hoi	‘put out to dry’
hokoʔ	hokoʔ	‘not’
hombo	hoᵐbo	‘make sugar drink’
honda	hoⁿda	‘throw’
hoo	hoo	‘2SG, you’
horis	horis	‘alive’
horo	horo	‘cut with a saw’
hotu	hotu	‘burn s.t.’
hukun	hukun	‘punish’
hule	hule	‘ask’
humbu	huᵐbu	‘blow (wind)’
humeeʔ	humeeʔ	‘reeds’
humu	humu	‘catch’
hundi	huⁿdi	‘banana’
hundu	huⁿdu	‘spin’
huni	huni	‘yellow’
huniʔ	huniʔ	‘turmeric, yellow’
huraʔ	huraʔ	‘pot’
huru	huru	‘collect (washing from line)’
hutaʔ	hutaʔ	‘debt’
hutu	hutu	‘head louse’
huu	huu	‘because’
huus	huus	‘shoo’
huuʔ	huuʔ	‘tree’
huʔa	huʔa	‘open (lid of a pot)’
ia	ia	‘this’
ila	ila	‘mole’
inaʔ	inaʔ	‘mother, female’
ine	ine	‘female (animals)’
ineʔ	ineʔ	‘big (e.g. tree)’
iŋgu	iᵑɡu	‘Congklak game’
iŋgu	iᵑɡu	‘village’
isiʔ	isiʔ	‘hulled rice, content’
iu	iu	‘shark’
ka-	ka-	‘verbaliser’
kaaʔ	kaaʔ	‘charcoal’
kaaʔ	kaaʔ	‘crow’
kai	kai	‘stuck’
kakaluʔ	kakaluʔ	‘gristle’
kakaʔ	kakaʔ	‘frizz hair’
kala	kala	‘lose’
kale	kale	‘bracelet’
kaler	kaler	‘nod head side to side’
kalo	kalo	‘if’
kama	kama	‘room’
kamboʔ	kaᵐboʔ	‘village’
kandi	kaⁿdi	‘fasten with buttons’
kandiʔ	kaⁿdiʔ	‘button’
kapai	kapai	‘very big, very large’
kaper	kaper	‘waive’
kapiʔ	kapiʔ	‘bag from palm leaf’
karala	karala	‘chili’
karamisi	karamisi	‘clam’
karu	karu	‘scratch’
kaus	kaus	‘nod’
kaɓin	kaɓin	‘wed’
kaɗe	kaɗe	‘burn (food)’
kaɗera	kaɗera	‘chair’
kaɗoʔ	kaɗoʔ	‘hang, hold’
kaʔe	kaʔe	‘have a chance’
kee	kee	‘yell’
keis	keis	‘touch to get attention’
keke	keke	‘hide (oneself)’
keko	keko	‘paralysed’
kii	kii	‘squeal’
kio	kio	‘make a gentle sound’
koa	koa	‘praise’
koao	koao	‘arrogant, boast’
koaot	koaot	‘arrogance’
koasa	koasa	‘power’
koe	koe	‘bent, cause to bend’
kofi	kofi	‘coffee’
koi	koi	‘bed’
kois	kois	‘touch (unintentional)’
kokis	kokis	‘cake, fritters’
kokoe	kokoe	‘persuade’
kokomuʔ	kokomuʔ	‘k.o. cucumber’
kokotoʔ	kokotoʔ	‘have spots, spotty, splotched’
koleleu	koleleu	‘look around’
kolo	kolo	‘blunt (knife)’
koloali	koloali	‘butterfly’
kolomeeʔ	kolomeeʔ	‘caterpillar ring’
kolomuuʔ	kolomuuʔ	‘termite’
kopaʔ	kopaʔ	‘coffin’
kosiʔ	kosiʔ	‘kick’
kotaʔ	kotaʔ	‘fortress’
koʔokee	koʔokee	‘crow (make the sound)’
ku-	ku-	‘verbaliser’
kua	kua	‘soup, broth’
kufa	kufa	‘peel’
kukusaʔ	kukusaʔ	‘sieve, filter’
kumbu	kuᵐbu	‘pile s.t. up, make a pile’
kundu	kuⁿdu	‘tangle’
la-	la-	‘verbaliser’
laa	laa	‘float’
lafe	lafe	‘k.o. traditional sarong’
lafo	lafo	‘mouse’
lai	lai	‘cut, slit’
laisona	laisona	‘onion, garlic’
lalaaʔ	lalaaʔ	‘k.o. tree’
lalai	lalai	‘sky’
lalaneʔ	lalaneʔ	‘verse (of scripture, song)’
lalaŋge	lalaᵑɡe	‘burn (trash)’
lalatiʔ	lalatiʔ	‘worm’
lalaʔo	lalaʔo	‘k.o. palm basket’
lali	lali	‘move’
lamat	lamat	‘grasshopper’
lambu	laᵐbu	‘lamp’
laŋge	laᵑɡe	‘detain, restrain’
lani	lani	‘sky’
lao	lao	‘walk’
laopeiʔ	laopeiʔ	‘palm leaf shoes/sandal’
lapa	lapa	‘lot’
lasaʔ	lasaʔ	‘penis’
lasi	lasi	‘jungle’
lasiʔ	lasiʔ	‘old, ripe’
latu	latu	‘sea grape’
latuʔ	latuʔ	‘ripe (mango)’
laus	laus	‘cactus’
laɓan	laɓan	‘protest,against’
laɓu	laɓu	‘drum’
laɗa	laɗa	‘rabbit fish’
laɗi	laɗi	‘tap lontar palm’
laʔi	laʔi	‘come, let’s’
lea	lea	‘pull’
lee	lee	‘stuck in throat’
leke	leke	‘drag fabric on the ground’
leko	leko	‘lie’
leleeʔ	leleeʔ	‘cloud’
lelemu	lelemu	‘smear’
leleʔ	leleʔ	‘when’
lemaʔ	lemaʔ	‘eel’
lemba	leᵐba	‘carry with pole’
lendo	leⁿdo	‘dance (women)’
lendu	leⁿdu	‘crush (chillies)’
lene	lene	‘sesame seed’
lenis	lenis	‘k.o. seashell’
leo	leo	‘clan’
leo	leo	‘stay, live’
lesu	lesu	‘pull out (knife)’
lesuaiʔ	lesuaiʔ	‘back of neck’
lesumataʔ	lesumataʔ	‘door’
leteʔ	leteʔ	‘mountain, hill’
lifu	lifu	‘puddle’
liiʔ	liiʔ	1. ‘sound’ 2. ‘hour’
lile	lile	‘thicken’
liliaʔ	liliaʔ	‘centipede’
liliiʔ	liliiʔ	‘forget’
lilisuʔ	lilisuʔ	‘spiral in head hair’
liliʔ	liliʔ	‘under arm’
lilo	lilo	‘gold’
lima	lima	‘hand, five’
litiʔ	litiʔ	‘k.o. tree’
liuali	liuali	‘troubled’
liɗeʔ	liɗeʔ	‘midrib of palm leaf’
liʔu	liʔu	‘hit with rope’
loaʔ	loaʔ	‘wide’
loe	loe	‘lower, lower something’
loe	loe	‘river’
loi	loi	‘steal’
lokeʔ	lokeʔ	‘hang’
loli	loli	‘fall, lie down’
lolir	lolir	‘to roll’
lolo	lolo	‘wind (thread) around wood’
loloa	loloa	‘massage’
lombe	loᵐbe	‘swing (knife)’
lombeʔ	loᵐbeʔ	‘98 or 100 ears of corn’
lombu	loᵐbu	‘k.o. seaweed’
londa	loⁿda	‘hang’
loo	loo	‘extend s.t.’
losa	losa	‘arrive, prep until’
loto	loto	‘mucus’
loɓeʔ	loɓeʔ	‘hang’
loɓo	loɓo	‘in too much pain’
loɗe	loɗe	‘stick out (tongue)’
loʔat	loʔat	‘k.o. palm basket’
lua	lua	‘overflow’
luat	luat	‘cave’
lulu	lulu	‘to roll (e.g. mat)’
luluu	luluu	‘k.o. tree’
lumeʔ	lumeʔ	‘vapor’
lunda	luⁿda	‘dove, pigeon’
lutu	lutu	1. ‘stone fence’ 2. ‘make stone fence’
luu	luu	‘high tide’
luu	luu	‘tears’
ma	ma	‘and, then’
ma	ma	‘reciprocal prefix’
ma	ma	‘stative prefix’
maa	maa	‘tongue’
maat	maat	‘orphan’
mae	mae	‘although’
mae	mae	‘embarrass, shy’
mafaʔ	mafaʔ	‘unripe (fruit)’
mafu	mafu	‘drunk’
maharat	maharat	‘too sweet’
maiʔ	maiʔ	‘bedbug’
maku	maku	‘lurk’
malaŋga	malaᵑɡa	‘leader, chief’
male	male	‘wilted, wither’
maleʔe	maleʔe	‘whining’
mali	mali	‘laugh’
mama	mama	‘chew (betel nut)’
mama	mama	‘mother’
mamaa	mamaa	‘yawn’
mamaloʔ	mamaloʔ	‘tiny ants’
mamanaʔ	mamanaʔ	‘place’
mana	mana	‘relativiser’
mandak	maⁿdak	‘Monday’
maŋgarauʔ	maᵑɡarauʔ	‘rubbish’
maŋgeo	maᵑɡeo	‘brave’
maŋgo	maᵑɡo	‘bowl’
maŋgu	maᵑɡu	‘tired’
mano	mano	‘k.o. fish’
manu	manu	‘chicken’
manuʔuɗu	manuʔuɗu	‘k.o. tree’
marambua	maraᵐbua	‘eagle’
masi	masi	‘salty’
masoʔ	masoʔ	‘enter’
masuʔ	masuʔ	‘smoke’
matasalaʔ	matasalaʔ	‘rarely’
mataɓai	mataɓai	‘tomato’
mataʔ	mataʔ	‘eye, front, kind’
mates	mates	‘dead’
mateʔ	mateʔ	‘uncooked’
mau	mau	‘tame’
maɗa	maɗa	‘dry’
maɗaʔ	maɗaʔ	‘dry’
maʔiluʔ	maʔiluʔ	‘deep and dark (cave, sea)’
maʔoa	maʔoa	‘trumpet’
mba-	ᵐba-	‘verbaliser’
mbaa	ᵐbaa	‘k.o. fence’
mbae	ᵐbae	‘swollen’
mbaeao	ᵐbaeao	‘half ripe (beans)’
mbaka	ᵐbaka	‘obtuse’
mbake	ᵐbake	‘deaf’
mbali	ᵐbali	‘overlooking, facing’
mbaloʔ	ᵐbaloʔ	‘wide (ears)’
mbanaʔ	ᵐbanaʔ	‘nose’
mbaniʔ	ᵐbaniʔ	‘sea slugs’
mbao	ᵐbao	‘mango’
mbaraa	ᵐbaraa	‘become old (things)’
mbasa	ᵐbasa	‘slap’
mbau	ᵐbau	‘pound’
mbau	ᵐbau	‘stab’
mbaʔi	ᵐbaʔi	‘termite’
mbaʔo	ᵐbaʔo	‘cup from palm leaf’
mbea	ᵐbea	‘dangle (tree branch)’
mbei	ᵐbei	‘little’
mbelaʔ	ᵐbelaʔ	‘corn’
mbene	ᵐbene	‘fly’
mbera	ᵐbera	‘lazy’
mbesiʔ	ᵐbesiʔ	‘throw down forcefully’
mbeɗaʔ	ᵐbeɗaʔ	‘keep, save’
mbia	ᵐbia	‘throw’
mbiaʔ	ᵐbiaʔ	‘hill’
mbila	ᵐbila	‘light up’
mbila	ᵐbila	‘red’
mbinu	ᵐbinu	‘mucus’
mbire	ᵐbire	‘eye discharge’
mbisaʔ	ᵐbisaʔ	‘medium leaf bucket’
Mboeain	ᵐboeain	‘name of a place in Oenale’
mboko	ᵐboko	‘decay, decompose’
mboli	ᵐboli	‘bald’
mboloʔ	ᵐboloʔ	‘coconut germ, coconut embryo’
mboo	ᵐboo	‘herd’
mbori	ᵐbori	‘pour’
mboro	ᵐboro	‘lontar leaf’
mboʔa	ᵐboʔa	‘pour’
mboʔi	ᵐboʔi	‘release’
mbua	ᵐbua	‘areca nut’
mbuiʔ	ᵐbuiʔ	‘bird’
mbukuʔ	ᵐbukuʔ	‘hill’
mbuniʔ	ᵐbuniʔ	‘roof’
mbunut	ᵐbunut	‘coconut husk’
mburu	ᵐburu	‘rotten/bad odor’
mbusar	ᵐbusar	‘sweat’
mbutuʔ	ᵐbutuʔ	‘bundle (vegetable)’
mbuu	ᵐbuu	‘shoo’
mbuʔu	ᵐbuʔu	‘mushroom’
mei	mei	‘table’
mela	mela	‘numb (feet)’
melumuɗu	melumuɗu	‘repulse, repugnant’
melutane	melutane	‘stale, spoiled’
memaʔ	memaʔ	‘indeed’
meŋge	meᵑɡe	‘snake’
meo	meo	‘cat’
meoaku	meoaku	‘tiger’
mera	mera	‘sick’
meru	meru	‘bitter’
mesaʔ	mesaʔ	‘alone’
mese	mese	‘press, squeeze’
mesu	mesu	‘diving’
mesuʔuɗu	mesuʔuɗu	‘hiccup’
metaʔ	metaʔ	‘k.o. fish’
mete	mete	‘look’
meti	meti	‘become dry, low tide’
meto	meto	‘dry’
meulauʔ	meulauʔ	‘beautiful’
meuʔ	meuʔ	‘clean’
meɗa	meɗa	‘feel’
meɗe	meɗe	‘k.o. seaweed’
meʔo	meʔo	‘gong’
mii	mii	‘pee, urinate’
mina	mina	‘oil’
miru	miru	‘spit’
mofa	mofa	‘grey hair’
moko	moko	‘big’
moko	moko	‘hit’
molo	molo	‘drown, sink (boat)’
monae	monae	‘big’
mook	mook	‘cup’
mopo	mopo	‘lost, disappear’
mori	mori	‘grow’
moɗo	moɗo	‘green, blue’
moɗo	moɗo	‘medicine’
moʔu	moʔu	‘fall out (of teeth or hair)’
muku	muku	‘persevere’
muluʔ	muluʔ	‘crazy’
mumuuʔ	mumuuʔ	‘insect’
mumuɗuʔ	mumuɗuʔ	‘k.o. fish’
muri	muri	‘west’
muriʔ	muriʔ	‘youngest (child)’
musi	musi	‘must’
musi	musi	‘suck, smoke’
muta	muta	‘vomit’
muti	muti	‘become white’
n-	n-	‘3SG non-syllabic subject prefix, she, he, it’
na-	na-	‘third singular syllabic subject prefix, she, he, it’
naa	naa	‘eat, consume’
naaʔ	naaʔ	‘brother (female speaking)’
nae	nae	‘chicken sleep (on tree)’
nae	nae	‘will, want (irrealis marker)’
naele	naele	‘rinse’
naeo	naeo	‘hide from someone’
nafali	nafali	‘boil (water)’
nafaɗaka	nafaɗaka	‘tiptoe’
nafaɗe	nafaɗe	‘tell’
nafi	nafi	‘sea cucumber’
nafu	nafu	‘anchor’
nahine	nahine	‘know’
naholu	naholu	‘hug (reciprocally)’
nai	nai	‘reach with hands’
nairu	nairu	‘pregnant’
naisi	naisi	‘clean (dragnet)’
nakaɗae	nakaɗae	‘stick (on a tree)’
nala	nala	‘get, perfective’
nalaa	nalaa	‘open (eyes)’
nalaɗini	nalaɗini	‘dew is forming (state)’
nalole	nalole	‘repair’
nama	nama	‘creep’
namalasi	namalasi	‘is/become old’
namalatu	namalatu	‘is/become ripe’
namaluʔu	namaluʔu	‘is/become paralysed’
namanaru	namanaru	‘is/become tall’
namanasa	namanasa	‘is angry’
namasu	namasu	‘is smoky’
namasuʔi	namasuʔi	‘is/become rich’
namatasa	namatasa	‘is/become cooked’
namatau	namatau	‘is/become scared’
namaɓera	namaɓera	‘is/become heavy’
nambarani	naᵐbarani	‘is/become brave’
nameli	nameli	‘shout out loud’
namo	namo	‘harbor’
namulu	namulu	‘crazy, mentally ill’
nana	nana	‘copy an action’
nanana	nanana	‘have pus’
nanaʔ	nanaʔ	‘pus’
nane	nane	‘swim’
nanisaʔ	nanisaʔ	‘kill, turn off (direct causation)’
naoe	naoe	‘produce water’
nasamele	nasamele	‘drown’
nasu	nasu	‘boil s.t.’
nato	nato	‘skewer’
natun	natun	‘hundred’
nau	nau	‘want’
naʔambambakeʔ	naʔaᵐbaᵐbakeʔ	‘pretend to be deaf, not listen to what people said (especially advice, negative talk)’
naʔatunu	naʔatunu	‘stumble’
naʔaɓue	naʔaɓue	‘gather’
naʔaɗoe	naʔaɗoe	‘become wet, cause to be wet (clothes)’
naʔo	naʔo	1. ‘steal’ 2. ‘thief’
nda	ⁿda	‘no, not’
ndaa	ⁿdaa	‘right, true’
ndaa	ⁿdaa	‘run into someone’
ndae	ⁿdae	‘put’
ndae	ⁿdae	‘spinach’
ndai	ⁿdai	‘climb (use in doublet ndane-ndai)’
ndai	ⁿdai	‘scoop net’
ndane	ⁿdane	‘climb (used in doublet ndane ndai)’
Ndao	ⁿdao	‘Ndao island’
Ndaos	ⁿdaos	‘Ndao people’
ndara	ⁿdara	‘horse’
ndaʔe	ⁿdaʔe	‘betel nut’
ndefaʔ	ⁿdefaʔ	‘fall (rock fence)’
ndela	ⁿdela	‘kick’
ndelas	ⁿdelas	‘lightning’
ndeli	ⁿdeli	‘ring’
ndeni	ⁿdeni	‘push’
ndiar	ⁿdiar	‘conscious’
ndika	ⁿdika	‘stick, glued’
ndikiʔ	ⁿdikiʔ	‘ear’
ndoe	ⁿdoe	‘hungry’
ndolaʔ	ⁿdolaʔ	‘hole’
ndondo	ⁿdoⁿdo	‘brush (floor)’
ndondoo	ⁿdoⁿdoo	‘curse’
ndondouʔ	ⁿdoⁿdouʔ	‘nape of the neck’
ndoto	ⁿdoto	‘k.o. bean’
nduar	ⁿduar	‘sleepy’
ndui	ⁿdui	‘scoop (liquid)’
ndukurulu	ⁿdukurulu	‘thunder’
nduli	ⁿduli	‘giant clam’
ndunaʔ	ⁿdunaʔ	‘nest’
ndunaʔ	ⁿdunaʔ	‘palm bag use to keep betel nut’
nduuʔ	ⁿduuʔ	‘star’
nela	nela	‘run’
nema	nema	‘come’
nembe	neᵐbe	‘flat land’
nendi	neⁿdi	‘bring’
neneiʔ	neneiʔ	‘mat’
nenene	nenene	‘listen’
nenoʔ	nenoʔ	‘custard apple, sweetsop’
neti	neti	‘go (towards addressee)’
neu	neu	‘go, adp to’
neʔo	neʔo	‘perhaps’
ŋga-	ᵑɡa-	‘verbaliser’
ŋgae	ᵑɡae	‘cry’
ŋgafat	ᵑɡafat	‘light, not heavy’
ŋgafur	ᵑɡafur	‘shake (hair)’
ŋgalaas	ᵑɡalaas	‘glass’
ŋgale	ᵑɡale	‘invite’
ŋgama	ᵑɡama	‘touch’
ŋganatuʔ	ᵑɡanatuʔ	‘egg yolk’
ŋgaŋga	ᵑɡaᵑɡa	‘rain heavily’
ŋgaŋgale	ᵑɡaᵑɡale	‘k.o. tree’
ŋgaŋgo	ᵑɡaᵑɡo	‘watercress’
ŋgaŋgu	ᵑɡaᵑɡu	‘tease, disturb’
ŋgani	ᵑɡani	‘step’
ŋganua	ᵑɡanua	‘k.o. herbal medicine’
ŋgao	ᵑɡao	‘take, touch’
ŋgaraɓoteʔ	ᵑɡaraɓoteʔ	‘neck’
ŋgarei	ᵑɡarei	‘Sunday, church’
ŋgari	ᵑɡari	‘throw’
ŋgaro	ᵑɡaro	‘scoop, scrub’
ŋgarui	ᵑɡarui	‘grow dense, lush (tree)’
ŋgarumuʔ	ᵑɡarumuʔ	‘land crab’
ŋgasi	ᵑɡasi	‘yell, shout’
ŋgaso	ᵑɡaso	‘grab, catch’
ŋgati	ᵑɡati	‘change’
Nggausee	ᵑɡausee	‘name of a place in Dela’
ŋgaut	ᵑɡaut	‘thorn’
ŋgaɗe	ᵑɡaɗe	‘pawn s.t.’
ŋgaɗiʔ	ᵑɡaɗiʔ	‘salary’
ŋgeŋger	ᵑɡeᵑɡer	‘shocked, surprised’
ŋgeŋgo	ᵑɡeᵑɡo	‘earthquake’
ŋgeo	ᵑɡeo	‘dirty, black’
ŋgero	ᵑɡero	‘fine, cut’
ŋgeu	ᵑɡeu	‘shave, scrape’
ŋgeɗe	ᵑɡeɗe	‘frog’
ŋgiiʔ	ᵑɡiiʔ	‘bunch (of bananas)’
ŋgiŋgina	ᵑɡiᵑɡina	‘have a musty smell’
ŋgiŋgitis	ᵑɡiᵑɡitis	‘k.o. palm bucket use to collect palm juice’
ŋginuʔ	ᵑɡinuʔ	‘stalk (fruit)’
ŋgiu	ᵑɡiu	‘k.o. fish’
ŋgoaʔ	ᵑɡoaʔ	‘stupid’
ŋgois	ᵑɡois	‘k.o. eel’
ŋgolo	ᵑɡolo	‘loose, let’
ŋgoloɓoo	ᵑɡoloɓoo	‘k.o. fish’
ŋgoma	ᵑɡoma	1. ‘canker sore’ 2. ‘have a canker sore’
ŋgouʔ	ᵑɡouʔ	‘thorn’
ŋgumaʔ	ᵑɡumaʔ	‘knife cover’
ŋguruŋgaaʔ	ᵑɡuruᵑɡaaʔ	‘k.o. seaweed’
ŋgusi	ᵑɡusi	‘clay jar’
ŋgute	ᵑɡute	‘cut (with scissors)’
nieʔ	nieʔ	‘ant’
niit	niit	‘crab’
ninilu	ninilu	‘tamarind’
niniʔ	niniʔ	‘mosquito’
ninu	ninu	‘drink’
nisa	nisa	‘kill’
noe	noe	‘rotten, melt’
nola	nola	‘howl’
noo	noo	1. ‘accompany’ 2. ‘with (COM)’ 3. ‘with (COM)’
noo	noo	‘coconut’
nore	nore	‘drag, pull’
nosi	nosi	‘leak’
noɗo	noɗo	‘crawl’
nulu	nulu	‘lead a journey’
nulu	nulu	‘ten’
nuŋgaʔ	nuᵑɡaʔ	‘k.o. tree’
nunuuʔ	nunuuʔ	‘banyan tree’
nusaʔ	nusaʔ	‘kingdom, country’
nusu	nusu	‘k.o. fish’
nuu	nuu	1. ‘go’ 2. ‘to’
nuus	nuus	‘squid’
o	o	‘also (focus marker)’
oe	oe	‘water’
Oeoi	oeoi	‘name of a place in Dela’
ofe	ofe	‘unload discharge’
okofooʔ	okofooʔ	‘road’
ola	ola	‘spit out food’
oni	oni	‘bee’
ono	ono	‘fall (a pile of books)’
osi	osi	‘garden (crops)’
otas	otas	‘garden (crops)’
pa-	pa-	‘verbaliser’
paa	paa	‘carve’
pake	pake	‘use’
pala	pala	‘distribute’
palaʔ	palaʔ	‘meat around the size of a steak’
pandeta	paⁿdeta	‘pastor minister (protestant)’
paŋga	paᵑɡa	‘roast’
papa	papa	‘father’
papaʔ	papaʔ	‘board’
parenda	pareⁿda	‘order, govern’
paresaʔ	paresaʔ	‘examine’
paria	paria	‘bitter gourd’
parluu	parluu	‘need’
partei	partei	‘group, political party’
paru	paru	‘grate’
paru	paru	‘hit with an instrument, kill animals by hitting the head(dog)’
pasa	pasa	‘install’
patees	patees	‘k.o. tree’
paɗo	paɗo	‘octopus’
paʔa	paʔa	‘tie’
peak	peak	‘neglect’
peko	peko	‘lie (in doublet)’
pendiʔ	peⁿdiʔ	‘belt used with traditional costume’
peŋai	peŋai	1. ‘sieve’ 2. ‘sieve, strain’
peŋgo	peᵑɡo	‘bend’
peɗoʔ	peɗoʔ	‘sit cross-legged’
piŋgaʔ	piᵑɡaʔ	‘plate’
piru	piru	‘throw away’
pisoʔ	pisoʔ	‘slip’
pituʔ	pituʔ	‘10 ears of corn’
poke	poke	‘blind’
poko	poko	‘beat’
pole	pole	‘make a u-turn’
poliis	poliis	‘police’
pote	pote	‘wrestle’
potoʔ	potoʔ	‘slice’
poʔa	poʔa	‘spill, pour’
pui	pui	‘sea shell’
pukar	pukar	‘give up’
puku	puku	‘put a price’
pula	pula	‘return change’
puli	puli	‘add water to sweeten drink’
pulu	pulu	‘island’
pupu	pupu	‘spit (traditional medicine)’
puras	puras	‘spit’
puraʔ	puraʔ	‘spurt’
puʔa	puʔa	‘fish with dragnet’
ra-	ra-	‘verbaliser’
raaʔ	raaʔ	‘blood’
rae	rae	‘soil, land’
raefafoʔ	raefafoʔ	‘earth, world’
raeʔ	raeʔ	‘below’
rai	rai	‘dandruff’
rai	rai	‘put out fire’
ralaʔ	ralaʔ	1. ‘inside’ 2. ‘seat of emotions (heart)’
raliʔ	raliʔ	‘cockscomb’
rama	rama	‘spear’
rambe	raᵐbe	‘mix of spices and petals’
rambiʔ	raᵐbiʔ	‘k.o. traditional cloth for women’
rambok	raᵐbok	‘rob’
randak	raⁿdak	‘k.o. bird’
randu	raⁿdu	‘call loudly’
raoʔ	raoʔ	‘coconut oil waste’
rarai	rarai	‘verbally abuse’
raraliʔ	raraliʔ	‘palm rib strainer’
raralo	raralo	‘dog (swearing)’
raso	raso	‘poison’
rata	rata	‘talk nonsense’
rates	rates	‘cemetery’
raɗat	raɗat	‘stretcher’
ree	ree	‘wave’
reken	reken	‘count’
rela	rela	‘k.o. palm basket’
relo	relo	‘sun’
reloʔ	reloʔ	‘day before yesterday’
rena	rena	‘hear’
reŋgus	reᵑɡus	‘pigeon’
reta	reta	‘clay/rock stove’
retaan	retaan	‘beach’
reʔe	reʔe	‘water recede, go down (flood)’
rifon	rifon	‘thousand’
rindi	riⁿdi	‘make wall from palm ribs’
ritiʔ	ritiʔ	‘10 or 14 ears of corn’
riɗoʔ	riɗoʔ	‘slip’
roi	roi	‘contagious’
roko	roko	‘shake’
rolo	rolo	‘go from house to house to invite people to an even’
rolo	rolo	‘wander around’
romaʔ	romaʔ	‘deep’
rombe	roᵐbe	‘fire burn’
rooʔ	rooʔ	‘leaf’
rose	rose	‘brush’
rouʔ	rouʔ	‘empty’
rouʔ	rouʔ	‘skin’
roɓat	roɓat	‘part of coconut tree’
rua	rua	‘fall, throw’
rua	rua	‘two’
ruiʔ	ruiʔ	‘bone’
ruku	ruku	‘hunchback’
rulu	rulu	‘east’
ruma	ruma	‘some, several’
rumu	rumu	‘massage’
rundu	ruⁿdu	‘accused’
rurutu	rurutu	‘rust’
rusu	rusu	‘k.o. fish’
ruʔa	ruʔa	‘two (attributive)’
sa	sa	‘no, not’
sa-	sa-	‘verbaliser’
saa	saa	‘what’
sae	sae	‘ride (horse, boat)’
safa	safa	‘bite (quickly)’
safe	safe	‘wash’
Safu	safu	‘Sabu Island’
sai	sai	‘overflow’
saiɓoa	saiɓoa	‘palm fruit’
sakasii	sakasii	‘witness’
sakaʔ	sakaʔ	‘thigh’
salaoʔ	salaoʔ	‘shadow’
sali	sali	‘diarrhea’
samanaʔ	samanaʔ	‘spirit’
sambat	saᵐbat	‘k.o. leaf bucket’
sambi	saᵐbi	‘cut (coconut shell)’
sambor	saᵐbor	‘mix’
sanahulu	sanahulu	‘ten’
sanalaʔ	sanalaʔ	‘k.o. bird’
saŋga	saᵑɡa	‘look for’
sao	sao	1. ‘marry’ 2. ‘spouse’
sapeoʔ	sapeoʔ	‘palm hat’
saraŋgaa	saraᵑɡaa	‘separate’
sarani	sarani	‘baptise’
saraʔaeʔ	saraʔaeʔ	‘sand’
sasandu	sasaⁿdu	‘kick legs (tantrum)’
sasaoʔ	sasaoʔ	‘k.o. seaweed’
sasi	sasi	‘spill’
sau	sau	‘comb’
sau	sau	‘harvest (fruit)’
saɓu	saɓu	‘soap’
saɗi	saɗi	‘as long as (conditional)’
se	se	‘3SG ACC, them’
sea	sea	‘scatter’
see	see	‘anchor (arrive at harbour)’
see	see	‘make skin itchy’
see	see	‘who, whom’
sefa	sefa	‘fillet (fish)’
sefe	sefe	1. ‘paddle’ 2. ‘paddle’
sefi	sefi	‘untie’
seka	seka	‘who, whom’
sela	sela	‘plant’
selembunuʔ	seleᵐbunuʔ	‘ceiling’
seli	seli	‘very’
seluao	seluao	‘change clothes’
seluʔ	seluʔ	‘again’
sembo	seᵐbo	‘catch fish with traditional tools’
sembo	seᵐbo	‘walk around to barter’
sena	sena	1. ‘close (ears)’ 2. ‘sell’
sendeʔ	seⁿdeʔ	‘kneel’
seŋgi	seᵑɡi	1. ‘crack’ 2. ‘pluck corn (harvest)’
sepe	sepe	‘k.o. tree’
seree	seree	‘lemon/grass’
seri	seri	‘half’
sesa	sesa	‘push something into a bag’
sese	sese	‘force to fill up (solid)’
sesena	sesena	‘fry’
sesu	sesu	‘overtake, win’
seti	seti	‘elbow s o out of the way’
seu	seu	‘pick (fruit)’
seɓa	seɓa	‘rent’
seʔa	seʔa	‘sow’
seʔu	seʔu	‘visit’
sii	sii	‘tea (cloth, book)’
sikiɗoka	sikiɗoka	‘traditional game’
silu	silu	‘look for head lice’
simbo	siᵐbo	‘receive, accept’
sina	sina	‘China, Chinese’
siniʔ	siniʔ	‘palm leaf’
sira	sira	‘3PL, they, them’
siro	siro	‘shoot’
sisi	sisi	‘meat’
siɗa	siɗa	‘tear’
siɗanaʔ	siɗanaʔ	‘sarong’
siʔu	siʔu	‘open (curtain)’
soa	soa	‘get, own’
soe	soe	‘slice’
soe	soe	‘unlucky, accursed’
soeneruʔ	soeneruʔ	‘rain cape from palm leaf’
sofe	sofe	‘full’
soi	soi	‘open’
sokaʔ	sokaʔ	‘k.o. palm basket’
soloʔ	soloʔ	‘hat’
sombu	soᵐbu	‘hunting’
soŋgo	soᵑɡo	‘traditional worship’
sonoɓais	sonoɓais	‘Timorese’
soo	soo	‘sew’
sopi	sopi	‘palm alcohol’
soro	soro	‘fish with a scoop net’
sou	sou	‘appear’
soɗa	soɗa	‘sing’
soɗe	soɗe	‘scoop’
soʔe	soʔe	‘coconut shell’
soʔu	soʔu	‘lift, appoint someone to a role’
suaŋgi	suaᵑɡi	‘bewitch’
sue	sue	‘love’
sufu	sufu	‘put out a fire’
sui	sui	‘fart’
sula	sula	‘distill (water)’
suma	suma	‘prepare palm to get juice’
sumba	suᵐba	‘take an oath, curse’
suŋguʔ	suᵑɡuʔ	‘sleep’
suraʔ	suraʔ	‘horn (cow)’
suraʔ	suraʔ	‘write’
suru	suru	‘scoop with a spoon’
susa	susa	‘sad, in a difficult situation’
suu	suu	‘carry on head’
suu	suu	‘dig’
suu	suu	‘force’
suɗi	suɗi	‘prohibitive’
ta-	ta-	‘verbaliser’
tafaʔ	tafaʔ	‘sword’
tai	tai	‘measure’
talaɗaʔ	talaɗaʔ	‘middle’
taliʔ	taliʔ	‘rope’
tane	tane	‘mud’
tao	tao	‘do, make’
tara	tara	‘hit (with a car)’
tasi	tasi	1. ‘sea, beach’ 2. ‘go fishing’
tasu	tasu	‘wok’
tataleʔ	tataleʔ	‘k.o. sea snake’
tatana	tatana	‘cover’
tati	tati	‘cut, hoe’
taɗi	taɗi	‘solicit black magic’
taʔa	taʔa	‘axe’
taʔi	taʔi	‘via’
tee	tee	‘perch, jump’
tefu	tefu	‘sugarcane’
tei	tei	1. ‘faeces’ 2. ‘defecate’
teke	teke	‘gecko’
teken	teken	‘sign’
teloʔ	teloʔ	‘egg’
telu	telu	‘three’
temeʔ	temeʔ	‘fabric’
temeʔ	temeʔ	‘whole’
tenu	tenu	‘weave’
teta	teta	‘chop’
teu	teu	‘k.o. bird’
teɓe	teɓe	‘true’
teɗe	teɗe	‘squeeze (lice)’
teʔe	teʔe	‘trap’
teʔo	teʔo	‘aunt’
tiiʔ	tiiʔ	‘sea urchin’
timba	tiᵐba	‘push’
tine	tine	‘grain field’
tiʔo	tiʔo	‘pour (small amount of liquid)’
tondos	toⁿdos	‘traditional bag (for betel nut)’
too	too	‘year’
tora	tora	‘piercing’
toronooʔ	toronooʔ	‘sibling, relative, friend’
toɗa	toɗa	‘rise (sun)’
toʔa	toʔa	‘lack, in need’
toʔi	toʔi	‘sting’
toʔo	toʔo	‘slap’
toʔo	toʔo	‘uncle’
toʔu	toʔu	‘hold’
tuaʔ	tuaʔ	‘sugar’
tuli	tuli	‘stop by’
tuŋga	tuᵑɡa	1. ‘follow’ 2. ‘obey’
tura	tura	‘rub to something’
turis	turis	‘pigeon pea’
tusi	tusi	‘massage (broken bone)’
tute	tute	‘connect’
tuteʔ	tuteʔ	‘immediately’
tutu	tutu	‘hatch’
tutu	tutu	‘punch’
tuɗa	tuɗa	‘fall’
tuʔas	tuʔas	‘rice cooked in palm leaf’
uaʔ	uaʔ	‘vein, artery’
ue	ue	‘rattan, pull grass’
ufi	ufi	‘tuber’
uku	uku	‘measure’
ula	ula	‘caterpillar’
uli	uli	‘steer, lead’
uluʔ	uluʔ	‘oldest (child)’
umbuʔ	uᵐbuʔ	‘grandchild’
ume	ume	‘house’
unus	unus	‘pile of firewood’
uru	uru	‘grass’
utaʔ	utaʔ	‘vegetable’
wae	wae	‘hey’
wee	wee	‘hey (attract attention), oh (express affection), wow (express surprise)’
wei	wei	‘oh no (express disappointment or sorrow)’
woi	woi	‘hey’
ɓa	ɓa	‘reciprocal prefix’
ɓa	ɓa	‘stative or process prefix’
ɓae	ɓae	‘pay’
ɓafaʔ	ɓafaʔ	‘mouth’
ɓaik	ɓaik	‘headhunters’
ɓale	ɓale	‘talk, converse’
ɓaliʔ	ɓaliʔ	‘return’
ɓambi	ɓaᵐbi	‘block, obstruct’
ɓanda	ɓaⁿda	‘animal’
ɓaŋgi	ɓaᵑɡi	‘divide’
ɓaŋgo	ɓaᵑɡo	‘slow’
ɓanoʔ	ɓanoʔ	‘splash (water)’
ɓaraʔai	ɓaraʔai	‘stiff, rigid’
ɓaro	ɓaro	‘talk nonsense’
ɓasa	ɓasa	‘all’
ɓasa	ɓasa	‘finish’
ɓatulai	ɓatulai	‘perhaps’
ɓau	ɓau	‘increasingly’
ɓauʔ	ɓauʔ	‘bat’
ɓaɓae	ɓaɓae	‘name’
ɓaɓaŋguluʔ	ɓaɓaᵑɡuluʔ	‘lionfish’
ɓaɓata	ɓaɓata	‘cover’
ɓaɗu	ɓaɗu	‘clothes’
ɓaʔiʔ	ɓaʔiʔ	‘grandfather’
ɓee	ɓee	‘where, which’
ɓeiʔ	ɓeiʔ	‘grandmother, great grandmother’
ɓeŋga	ɓeᵑɡa	‘spread the news’
ɓeŋge	ɓeᵑɡe	‘tired’
ɓesialuʔ	ɓesialuʔ	‘crowbar’
ɓeta	ɓeta	‘cut (coconut leaves)’
ɓetas	ɓetas	‘full’
ɓeɓa	ɓeɓa	‘palm branch’
ɓeɓelaʔ	ɓeɓelaʔ	‘flat’
ɓeʔe	ɓeʔe	‘stay up late, wake up’
ɓeʔi	ɓeʔi	‘strong’
ɓeʔutee	ɓeʔutee	‘bow down, look down’
ɓiŋga	ɓiᵑɡa	‘divide (e.g. hair)’
ɓirus	ɓirus	‘sprinkle’
ɓisa	ɓisa	‘can, able to’
ɓisu	ɓisu	‘wound, injured’
ɓito	ɓito	‘peck’
ɓiɓi	ɓiɓi	‘break (bread)’
ɓiɓi	ɓiɓi	‘lamb, goat’

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OUTOFPAPUA database: Lexicons of the West Papuan language area

Tamelan (2021): Dela

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