Source entries: Heston (2015)

Heston (2015): Fataluku Central

Original citation: Heston, Tyler M. 2015. The segmental and suprasegmental phonology of Fataluku. PhD thesis, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa.

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Headword	IPA	Glosses
a	a	‘first person singular nonsubject pronoun’
a	a	‘subject marker’
ā	aː	‘second person singular subject pronoun’
ā	aː	‘yes-no question particle (which occurs clause-finally)’
ā cene	aː tsene	‘light a fire’
ā ceru	aː tseru	‘call’
ā he'e	aː heʔe	‘stuck’
ā mire	aː mire	‘sit on (something)’
a'a	aʔa	‘on’
a'a kule	aʔa kule	‘keep calling’
a'a more	aʔa more	‘place on, put on’
a'a nāte	aʔa naːte	‘take the place of, take the postion of’
a'a pa'i	aʔa paʔi	‘try, try out’
a'ane	aʔane	‘on’
a'ape	aʔape	‘encounter unexpectedly, run into’
aca	atsa	‘chicken’
aca	atsa	‘fire’
aca tapin	atsa tapin	‘smoke’
aca ucu	atsa utsu	‘chicken egg’
aca'acak pa'i	atsaʔatsak paʔi	‘to tease, to tease someone’
aca'о̄p	atsaʔо̄p	‘ashes’
acak pa'i	atsak paʔi	1. ‘try to fix something that is broken’ 2. ‘try to kill someone through supernatural means’
acakne	atsakne	‘looking in the same direciton, lined up’
acane	atsane	‘mature (of fruit), almost ripe’
ācane	aːtsane	‘enough’
acar	atsar	‘type of spirit that leaves a person's body while they are sleeping’; ‘buan’
aci	atsi	‘see, find’
aci cene	atsi tsene	‘hand someone something’
aci lolo	atsi lolo	‘tell to, tell a story to’
aci pura	atsi pura	‘sell something to someone’
aci ta'a	atsi taʔa	‘tell someone to do something’
ācimese	aːtsimese	‘sip (a drink), take a sip’
acin	atsin	‘finding’
acu	atsu	‘enough, sufficient (when everyone has the same amount)’
acu'acupe	atsuʔatsupe	‘wander around’
acuina	atsuina	‘something fits, is equal’
acune	atsune	‘over something’
acur	atsur	‘sp. of cuscus’
afa	afa	‘first person plural inclusive subject pronoun’
afarika	afarika	‘portion, half, slice (of food)’
afi	afi	‘first person plural inclusive nonsubject pronoun’
aficālafar	afitsaːlafar	‘crocodile (respectful)’
afiri	afiri	‘first person plural inclusive pronoun (citation form)’
ahani	ahani	‘mine’
ahu	ahu	‘for, for the benefit of’
ailaci	ailatsi	‘usually, always’
ait	ait	‘maybe’
aitana	aitana	‘if’
aitula	aitula	‘maybe’
aja	aza	1. ‘rain’ 2. ‘rainy season, November to June’
aja'ira	azaʔira	‘year’
ajan mu'u	azan muʔu	‘type of small plantain’
ajane	azane	‘chew’
aka	aka	‘not’
aka ono	aka ono	‘never’
akan	akan	‘slave, slave class’
akare	akare	‘stubborn’
akatana	akatana	‘burped up food’
akate	akate	‘burp up’
ākina	aːkina	‘firm’
aku	aku	‘feces’
ākule	aːkule	‘call (with the voice)’
akumokor	akumokor	‘intestine’
alah pala	alah pala	‘slash and burn farming’
ale	ale	‘rice, uncooked rice’
ale macen	ale matsen	‘cooked rice’
ale pohen	ale pohen	‘cooked rice’
alehe	alehe	‘again’
alere	alere	‘hit (can be used for inanimate objects)’
ali	ali	‘again’
aliwana	aliwana	‘place’
ami	ami	1. ‘breast, chest (can be applied to either men or women )’ 2. ‘(breast) milk’
ami tapun	ami tapun	‘female breast’
amin	amin	‘louse’
amir	amir	‘wing’
ana	ana	‘1sg nom’
ana	ana	‘or’
anahe	anahe	‘seek, look for’
anahu	anahu	‘for me, for my benefit’
ane	ane	1. ‘exist’ 2. ‘have’
anete	anete	‘not hit’
anukai	anukai	‘thread’
apa	apa	‘mountain’
apa'apa pa'i	apaʔapa paʔi	‘naughty’
ape	ape	‘encounter’
api	api	‘fish’
api nail	api nail	‘fishing pole’
api naile	api naile	‘fish, catch fish’
api taru	api taru	‘fishing line’
apur	apur	‘with’
apure	apure	‘scoop up’
ara	ara	‘plant, tree’
arahe	arahe	‘frightened’
arakafal pa'i	arakafal paʔi	‘drop’
arakafale	arakafale	‘drop, fall’
arakalina	arakalina	‘earing’
arap	arap	‘buffalo, water buffalo’
arap ami	arap ami	‘milk, buffalo milk’
arapou	arapou	‘water buffalo’
ārohe	aːrohe	1. ‘reach, grab (as in, grab a fruit)’ 2. ‘on time (not late)’
aruma	aruma	‘clean, tidy’
arure	arure	‘cry’
aruru	aruru	‘crying’
āseile	aːseile	‘rub, scour’
asir	asir	‘salt’
asire	asire	‘add salt’
asise	asise	‘firm’
ata'atare	ataʔatare	‘keep cracking’
ātanana	aːtanana	‘question’
ātane	aːtane	‘ask, ask a question’
atare	atare	‘crack (as with a machete)’
atere	atere	‘numeral classifier for humans’
atu	atu	‘belly’
atu na'e	atu naʔe	‘pregnant’
aur	aur	‘lime (the mineral), betel lime’
awion	awion	‘plane’
baru	baru	‘new’
ben	ben	‘band’
ben uta	ben uta	‘play a drum (with sticks), play a drumset’
biasa	biasa	‘usually’
bir	bir	‘beer’
bis	bis	‘bus’
bola	bola	‘ball’
buku	buku	‘book’
ca'a	tsaʔa	‘fish poison’
ca'utapun	tsaʔutapun	‘head’
ca'uwari	tsaʔuwari	‘hair’
ca'uwele	tsaʔuwele	‘skin of the head’
cailor cailor	tsailor tsailor	‘name of a tribe’
cāl	tsaːl	1. ‘grandparent’ 2. ‘grandchild’
cāl mocor	tsaːl motsor	‘decendent’
cal nami	tsal nami	‘grandfather’
cal tupur	tsal tupur	‘grandmother’
capaku cewe	tsapaku tsewe	‘smoke a cigarette’
capuk	tsapuk	‘crab’
capur	tsapur	‘kitchen’
caruma	tsaruma	1. ‘thread’ 2. ‘needle’
catanu	tsatanu	‘sign (like a logo)’
cayare	tsajare	‘tired’
cecemālai	tsetsemaːlai	‘pineapple’
cecemālai ara	tsetsemaːlai ara	‘pineapple plant’
cecen	tsetsen	‘pineapple’
cele	tsele	‘corn’
cemaka	tsemaka	‘brain, physical brain’
ceren	tseren	‘lover (can be either boyfriend or girlfriend)’
ceru	tseru	‘call (only applies to physically calling someone with the voice, not calling someone on the telephone)’
cerun	tserun	‘vocation, calling, one's set purpose from God, destiny?’
cewe	tsewe	‘burn’
cī	tsiː	‘thunderstorm, lightening, thunder’
ci'ele	tsiʔele	‘walk’
ci'irana	tsiʔirana	‘heavy’
ci'ire	tsiʔire	‘heavy’
cicika	tsitsika	‘shoulder’
cicira'i	tsitsiraʔi	‘play’
cicira'ini	tsitsiraʔini	‘toy’
cila	tsila	‘frog’
cipicipi	tsipitsipi	‘flower’
cipito	tsipito	‘forehead’
cō	tsoː	‘far’
cō more	tsoː more	‘located far’
cō neure	tsoː neure	‘chase away’
coicoihana	tsoitsoihana	‘mortar and pestle’
coicoihana fuka	tsoitsoihana fuka	‘pestle’
Com	tsom	‘place in East Timor in the northeast of the Fataluku-speaking region’
coman	tsoman	‘will definitely’
comanan	tsomanan	‘definitely, sure’
cōnana	tsoːnana	‘farthest one’
cōne	tsoːne	‘far’
coro	tsoro	‘spear’
cū	tsuː	‘shed, hut’
cu'ale'u	tsuʔaleʔu	‘sp. of snake that is green and very poisonous’
cuare	tsuare	‘sit’
cūl	tsuːl	‘knee’
cul seisei	tsul seisei	‘knee cap’
cupu	tsupu	‘water drop’
cupucupu	tsuputsupu	‘water drops’
cura	tsura	‘mouse, rat’
cure	tsure	‘wake up’
curuk	tsuruk	‘lime, lemon’
curuk ara	tsuruk ara	‘lime tree’
depois	depois	‘afterwards’
derepenti	derepenti	‘suddenly, accidently’
designa	desiɡna	‘designate’
dewersifika	dewersifika	‘diversify’
Dili	dili	‘Dili, the capital of East Timor’
dōs	doːs	‘box’
dosi	dosi	‘cake’
doutor	doutor	‘doctor’
e	e	‘proximal demonstrative, this’
e	e	‘second person singular nonsubject pronoun’
e na'e	e naʔe	‘here’
e'ece	eʔetse	‘two at a time’
ece	etse	‘two’
eceremu	etseremu	‘think’
eceremun	etseremun	‘thought, idea’
eheni	eheni	‘yours’
ekehe	ekehe	‘count’
ele	ele	‘relative pronoun’
ele'elere	eleʔelere	‘read, spend time reading’
eleh	eleh	‘husband’
elei	elei	‘yeah, that's right, right on’
elere	elere	‘read’
ēlewe	eːlewe	‘cold (of the weather)’
eluhe	eluhe	‘want’
em ma'u	em maʔu	‘bring’
eme	eme	‘take’
emere	emere	‘first’
en	en	‘proximal demonstrative, this’
enen	enen	‘proximal demonstrative, this’
eni'i	eniʔi	‘this’
entaun	entaun	‘then, and then’
ere	ere	‘chase away’
ere	ere	‘plural marker’
erekana	erekana	‘pumkin vine’
ereke	ereke	‘crawl as a vine’
eri	eri	‘scatter’
ēri	eːri	‘you’
ērta	eːrta	‘you (emph. subj.)’
eru	eru	‘famine’
esasa	esasa	‘vegetable’
esturante	esturante	‘student’
ete	ete	‘tree, wood, plant (refers to logs or trees without leaves)’
ete ara	ete ara	‘tree’
ete karan	ete karan	‘big branch (as of a tree)’
ete kete	ete kete	‘small stick’
ete larin	ete larin	‘root’
ete lusu	ete lusu	‘casava’
ete pata	ete pata	‘log’
ete raka	ete raka	‘small branch’
ete sanak	ete sanak	‘small branch’
ete wele	ete wele	‘tree bark’
ewen	ewen	‘extremely, really, really (more emphatic than tali)’
fa'i	faʔi	‘make’
fāfāte	faːfaːte	‘four at a time’
fale	fale	‘drive (as a car)’
familia	familia	‘family’
fanar	fanar	‘female (only of animals)’
fanawana	fanawana	‘teaching’
fanawe	fanawe	‘teach’
fāne	faːne	‘feed’
fani	fani	‘delicious, sweet’
fanu	fanu	‘face’
fanu na'e	fanu naʔe	‘in front of’
fanuhene	fanuhene	‘meet, face’
faru	faru	‘shirt, T-shirt’
fata	fata	‘origin, simple’
fatahara	fatahara	‘morning’
Fataluku	fataluku	‘Fataluku’
fatatara	fatatara	‘suddenly, immediately’
fāte	faːte	‘flooded’
fāte	faːte	‘four’
fei	fei	‘pretty (can only be used of women)’
feinu	feinu	‘pretty’
fēl	feːl	‘bow, bow and arrows’
fel ka'u	fel kaʔu	‘arrow’
fel kete	fel kete	‘arrow’
fetil	fetil	‘fall, stumble’
fiare	fiare	‘believe’
fitu	fitu	‘seven’
foeh	foeh	‘grass’
folo	folo	‘blunt’
folopata	folopata	‘dull, not sharp’
foni	foni	‘distal demonstrative, that’
foni ni'i	foni niʔi	‘distal demonstrative, that’
fonin	fonin	‘distal demonstrative, that’
forsa	forsa	‘strong’
fōt	foːt	‘gun’
foto	foto	‘photo’
fūfūlehe	fuːfuːlehe	‘go back and forth’
fuhu	fuhu	‘muscle’
fūlehe	fuːlehe	‘return, go back’
gowerno	ɡowerno	‘government’
goyabas	ɡojabas	‘guava’
goyabas ara	ɡojabas ara	‘guava tree’
ha'ate	haʔate	‘sharp’
ha'i	haʔi	‘species of large tree with edible seeds that are used to make purfume’
haca	hatsa	‘partner’
hafa	hafa	‘bone’
hafa hala	hafa hala	‘very thin, very skinny’
hai	hai	‘perfective, signifies that the speaker conceives of an action as finished’
hair	hair	‘then, well, but’
hala	hala	‘only’
hapate	hapate	‘sprout, grow’
hapatu	hapatu	‘general term for edible roots (including e.g. bamboo and ginger)’
har	har	‘that, which’
hara	hara	‘clear’
harahara	harahara	‘clear’
haran	haran	‘light’
harus	harus	‘must’
hasa	hasa	‘leaf’
hau	hau	‘fog’
hau	hau	1. ‘for (the benefit of)’ 2. ‘toward’
hawarana	hawarana	‘hunting’
haware	haware	‘hunt’
he'e	heʔe	1. ‘stuck, difficult’ 2. ‘difficult’ 3. ‘scarce, hard to find’
hefe	hefe	‘know’
hei	hei	‘hey, informal greeting’
hei kinam	hei kinam	‘hey buddy, informal greeting’
helere	helere	‘run’
heru	heru	‘sweat’
hi'a	hiʔa	‘on’
hi'a ciele	hiʔa tsiele	‘step on’
hi'ahi'are	hiʔahiʔare	‘repeatedly pay, pretend to pay’
hi'amoi	hiʔamoi	‘climb’
hi'ane	hiʔane	‘on the top’
hi'ape	hiʔape	‘ride (as of the bus)’
hi'are	hiʔare	‘pay’
hi'aroun	hiʔaroun	‘pure of heart’
hi'ili	hiʔili	‘animal trap’
hici	hitsi	‘located’
hicine	hitsine	‘located’
hicipe	hitsipe	‘located towards’
hīkar	hiːkar	‘knife’
hilahila	hilahila	‘smooth, slippery’
hilate	hilate	‘smooth, soft’
hin	hin	‘because of’
hin	hin	‘reflexive’
hina	hina	‘braid (hair)’
hinta	hinta	‘cause, make’
hinu'a	hinuʔa	‘in order to’
hira	hira	‘price’
hīre	hiːre	‘wait’
hirohe	hirohe	‘arrive, reach (a destination)’
hītu	hiːtu	‘sword’
ho	ho	‘and’
hō	hoː	‘yes’
hō'ana	hoːʔana	‘burning’
hō'e	hoːʔe	‘burn’
hocatere	hotsatere	‘both’
hōcawa	hoːtsawa	1. ‘owner, lord, master’ 2. ‘Christian God’
hōk	hoːk	‘mud’
hōke	hoːke	‘muddy’
hor	hor	‘with’
hori	hori	‘leave, stop’
horu	horu	‘horn, antler’
horu	horu	‘with, together’
horun	horun	‘togetherness’
horune	horune	‘together’
hufa	hufa	‘spit something out of the mouth’
hufarana	hufarana	‘dream’
hūfina	huːfina	‘tip, top (not necessarily sharp)’
hufuraka	hufuraka	‘boil’
hūla	huːla	‘spoon’
huluhulu	huluhulu	‘on fire’
humār	humaːr	‘soul’
hura	hura	‘take food from a pan, scoop’
i	i	‘second person plural nonsubject pronoun’
ī	iː	‘and’
ī	iː	‘possessive marker’
i na'e	i naʔe	‘there’
i'a	iʔa	‘road, path, way’
i'an	iʔan	‘while’
ia	ia	‘path, way’
ia	ia	‘second person plural subject pronoun’
ia	ia	‘that’
ia tupur	ia tupur	‘mother's brother's daughter’
ica	itsa	‘feeling’
ica ci'ire	itsa tsiʔire	‘feel tired, feel sad’
ica kapare	itsa kapare	‘sad’
ica raurau	itsa raurau	‘happy’
ica tutu	itsa tutu	‘like, love’
ica tutun	itsa tutun	‘love’
ica'ini	itsaʔini	‘maybe (refering to something that is not known), sometimes’
icahici	itsahitsi	‘sometimes’
icauru	itsauru	‘chest’
icile	itsile	‘tied’
ifa	ifa	‘fall (over)’
īfāt	iːfaːt	1. ‘fourth’ 2. ‘Thursday’
ifi	ifi	‘worm’
igilejale	iɡilezale	‘church’
ihaneherana	ihaneherana	‘Monday’
ihec	ihets	‘second (in order), Tuesday’
ihemerana	ihemerana	‘first’
ihini	ihini	‘his, his own’
ikare	ikare	‘cold (of a person)’
ilah	ilah	‘sweet potato’
ilah makau	ilah makau	‘potato’
ili	ili	‘huge stone’
ilikuru	ilikuru	‘cave’
imire	imire	‘sit’
impresta	impresta	‘lend’
ina	ina	‘eye’
ina	ina	‘first person plural exlusive subject pronoun’
ina	ina	‘then’
ina	ina	‘what?’
ina ko'e	ina koʔe	‘blind’
inahara	inahara	‘seer, someone who can see something beyond’
inaleo	inaleo	‘eyebrow’
inawaya	inawaja	‘tears’
ini	ini	‘first person plural exclusive nonsubject pronoun’
inik	inik	‘sand’
inikerekere	inikerekere	‘petroglyph’
inir	inir	‘first person plural exclusive pronoun (citation form)’
ipar	ipar	‘dog’
ipil	ipil	‘tongue’
ipilana	ipilana	‘flying, flight’
ipile	ipile	‘fly (can be used of butterflies, birds, planes, etc.)’
ipilira	ipilira	‘chicken comb’
ipinaka	ipinaka	‘star’
ipiti	ipiti	‘sea turtle’
ipo	ipo	‘but’
ira	ira	‘water’
ira ina	ira ina	‘fountain’
ira tutun	ira tutun	‘drinking water’
ira'e	iraʔe	‘add water’
iraira	iraira	‘wet’
iri	iri	‘second person plural pronoun (citation form)’
irin	irin	‘forest’
irise	irise	‘urinate’
isi'isile	isiʔisile	‘tie’
isikola	isikola	‘school’
isikola lē	isikola leː	‘schoolhouse’
isile	isile	‘tie’
istura	istura	‘study’
ita	ita	‘near’
itane	itane	‘near’
itarapa'an	itarapaʔan	‘greetings’
iti'ele	itiʔele	‘kick’
iwari	iwari	‘same’
iwi	iwi	‘that’
iwi'itu	iwiʔitu	‘and then, formed from the mesal demonstrative and the topicalization clitic’
iwin	iwin	‘mesal demonstrative, that’
iwini'i	iwiniʔi	‘mesal demonstrative, that’
Jaco	zatso	‘Jaco, Jaco island, an island just off the Northeast coast of East Timor’
jaket	zaket	‘jacket’
jāmpata	zaːmpata	‘road’
japatu	zapatu	‘pair of shoes’
jatu	zatu	‘airplane’
Jawa	zawa	‘Java’
jeitu	zeitu	‘cool, neat’
jelu	zelu	‘ice’
jen	zen	‘reflexive’
jeu	zeu	1. ‘wife’ 2. ‘man's mother's brother's daughter (which men are traditionally expected to marry)’
jia	zia	‘leg’
jia fukar	zia fukar	‘toes’
jia lepen	zia lepen	‘sole, bottom of one's foot (analogous to the palm of the hand)’
jia mu'upoko	zia muʔupoko	‘calf of leg’
jia ocoh	zia otsoh	‘anklet’
jia punar	zia punar	‘calf of the leg’
jujur	zuzur	‘honest’
juka	zuka	‘cards, card game’
ka'are	kaʔare	‘empty’
ka'u	kaʔu	‘stick’
ka'ukisa	kaʔukisa	‘small’
ka'une	kaʔune	‘break along the long axis, break a round object, break in two pieces, explode’
ka'usila	kaʔusila	‘small’
kadera	kadera	‘chair’
kafa	kafa	‘eight’
kafale	kafale	1. ‘fall, drop (intrans.)’ 2. ‘throw’
kafe	kafe	‘coffee’
kafu	kafu	‘seed’
kafur	kafur	‘scratch’
kaihe	kaihe	‘file’
kailana	kailana	‘sinfulness’
kaile	kaile	1. ‘bent’ 2. ‘sin’
kaka	kaka	1. ‘older brother’ 2. ‘mother's older sister's son (if older than oneself)’
kaka tupur	kaka tupur	‘older brother's wife’
kakal	kakal	‘palm tree (exluding coconut palms)’
kalah	kalah	‘taro’
kale	kale	‘throw’
kaluse	kaluse	‘compete (as in a race)’
kama	kama	‘bed’
kanta	kanta	‘sing’
kanta	kanta	‘song’
kaparana	kaparana	‘bad, evil’
kaparasi	kaparasi	‘ugly’
kapare	kapare	1. ‘bad’ 2. ‘severe’ 3. ‘huge’
kar	kar	‘right now’
karase	karase	‘yellow’
kare	kare	‘cold’
karpenteru	karpenteru	‘carpenter’
karu'en	karuʔen	‘right now’
karunana	karunana	‘nearest one’
karune	karune	‘near’
kastiku	kastiku	‘punish’
katak	katak	‘that (as a quotative)’
katen	katen	‘thigh, part of the leg from the hip to the knee’
katuas	katuas	‘old (person), old man’
katuba	katuba	‘kind of rice cake consisting of rice wrapped in coconut leaves (which is traditionally eaten around Christmas)’
kaukaure	kaukaure	‘scratch’
kaure	kaure	1. ‘scratch’ 2. ‘loose, untie, allow’
kawa	kawa	‘short’
kawe	kawe	‘marry’
kayarana	kajarana	‘tiredness, effort’
kayare	kajare	‘tired’
ke'er	keʔer	‘ladder’
ke'ile	keʔile	‘pick something with a tool’
kekehana	kekehana	‘counting’
kēlana	keːlana	‘laughter’
kēle	keːle	‘laugh, smile’
kelici	kelitsi	‘rabbit’
kelu	kelu	‘not want’
keos	keos	‘kiosk’
kere	kere	1. ‘write’ 2. ‘writing’
kerekere	kerekere	‘write’
kerekerenana	kerekerenana	‘writing’
kete	kete	‘thin, skinny (usually in reference to wood)’
ketile	ketile	‘fly through the air (after getting launched)’
kiki'e	kikiʔe	‘bite’
kila'e	kilaʔe	‘dirty’

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OUTOFPAPUA database: Lexicons of the West Papuan language area

Heston (2015): Fataluku Central

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