Blust & Trussel (2019a): Proto-Austronesian
Search entries
Headword | IPA | Glosses | |
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*<in> | ‘perfective marker’ (eng) |
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*<um> | ‘verbal infix marking actor voice’ (eng) |
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*-a | ‘imperative suffix’ (eng) |
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*-a | ‘subjunctive suffix’ (eng) |
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*a | ‘hesitation particle’ (eng) |
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*a | ‘ligature’ (eng) |
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*aba | ‘father’ (eng) |
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*aCab | ‘cover’ (eng) |
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*aCas | ‘high, tall’ (eng) |
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*aCay | ‘death’ (eng) |
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*adaS | ‘bring, take along’ (eng) |
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*adi | ‘no, not’ (eng) |
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*a-enem | ‘six (of humans)’ (eng) |
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*a-esa | ‘one (of humans)’ (eng) |
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*ai | ‘come’ (eng) |
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*ai | ‘interjection, exclamation of surprise, incredulity, etc.’ (eng) |
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*ajem | 1. ‘heart’ (eng) 2. ‘mind’ (eng) |
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*aken | ‘1sg oblique’ (eng) |
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*aki | ‘grandfather, ancestor’ (eng) |
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*aku | 1. ‘1sg nominative’ (eng) 2. ‘I’ (eng) |
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*ala | 1. ‘take, get, fetch, obtain’ (eng) 2. ‘marry’ (eng) |
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*ala-en | ‘take’ (eng) |
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*alap | ‘fetch, get, take’ (eng) |
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*alaq | ‘fetch, get, take’ (eng) |
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*alaq-en | ‘take’ (eng) |
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*alikas | ‘quick, fast’ (eng) |
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*alim | ‘forget’ (eng) |
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*a(lR)im | ‘pancreas, spleen’ (eng) |
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*aluja | ‘to paddle’ (eng) |
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*alujah | ‘ant sp.’ (eng) |
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*amax | ‘father’ (eng) |
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*amen | ‘1pl ex oblique’ (eng) |
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*ami | ‘1pl. excl. nominative pronoun, we ( exclusive)’ (eng) |
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*amin | 1. ‘all’ (eng) 2. ‘finished’ (eng) |
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*amu | ‘2pl. nominative pronoun’ (eng) |
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*-an | 1. ‘verbal suffix marking locative voice’ (eng) 2. ‘nominal suffix marking location’ (eng) |
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*aNak | 1. ‘child, offspring’ (eng) 2. ‘son, daughter’ (eng) 3. ‘interest on a loan’ (eng) |
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*aN-aNak | ‘child’ (eng) |
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*aNay | ‘insect of the order *Isoptera*: termite, white ant’ (eng) |
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*aŋay | ‘departure (?)’ (eng) |
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*apa | ‘carry on the back’ (eng) |
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*apu | ‘grandparent/ grandchild (reciprocal)’ (eng) |
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*apuR | ‘betel chew’ (eng) |
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*aRi | 1. ‘come’ (eng) 2. ‘toward the speaker’ (eng) 3. ‘let’s go!’ (eng) |
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*asa | ‘one’ (eng) |
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*asaŋ | ‘village’ (eng) |
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*aSik | ‘to sweep, remove trash’ (eng) |
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*asu | ‘dog’ (eng) |
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*ata | ‘1pl. incl. possessive pronoun: our’ (eng) |
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*atuR | ‘stone wall’ (eng) |
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*au | ‘yes’ (eng) |
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*aya | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
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*aya | ‘exclamation of annoyance, surprise, etc.’ (eng) |
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*b<aR>eŋbeŋ | ‘buzz’ (eng) |
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*b<in>ahi | ‘woman, wife’ (eng) |
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*b<in>eCik | ‘tattoo’ (eng) |
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*b<in>elaq | ‘to have been split, cloven in two’ (eng) |
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*b<in>uRuk | ‘to have become rotten’ (eng) |
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*b<um>aliw | ‘buy’ (eng) |
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*b<um>asuq | ‘to wash’ (eng) |
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*baba | 1. ‘carry a person pick-a-back’ (eng) 2. ‘ride pick-a-back’ (eng) |
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*ba-bahi | ‘woman, female’ (eng) |
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*babaw | 1. ‘upper surface, top’ (eng) 2. ‘highlands’ (eng) 3. ‘on, upon, over, above’ (eng) |
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*babuy | ‘pig’ (eng) |
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*babuy-an | ‘pig’ (eng) |
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*baCaR | ‘broomcorn millet: *Panicum miliaceum*’ (eng) |
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*bahi | ‘female’ (eng) |
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*bajaq | 1. ‘know, understand’ (eng) 2. ‘ask, inquire’ (eng) |
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*bajiw | ‘edible mushroom sp.’ (eng) |
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*bakaŋ | ‘bowlegged’ (eng) |
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*bakaR | ‘kind of basket’ (eng) |
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*bakbak | ‘clap’ (eng) |
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*bakes | 1. ‘belt’ (eng) 2. ‘tie around the waist’ (eng) |
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*baki | ‘grandfather’ (eng) |
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*bakuŋ | ‘lily-like plant: *Crinum asiaticum* L.’ (eng) |
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*balalaCuk | ‘bird: the woodpecker’ (eng) |
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*balaŋa | ‘shallow earthenware cooking pot or pan’ (eng) |
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*balbal | 1. ‘beating stick’ (eng) 2. ‘to beat, beat (esp. clothes in washing them)’ (eng) |
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*baleŋ | ‘preserve meat in salt or brine’ (eng) |
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*bales | 1. ‘to answer, retaliate’ (eng) 2. ‘reciprocate good or evil’ (eng) |
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*bali | ‘wind’ (eng) |
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*baliw | ‘buy, sell’ (eng) |
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*baliw | ‘return’ (eng) |
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*baluN | ‘bind, bundle’ (eng) |
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*baNaR | ‘thorny vine: *Smilax* spp.’ (eng) |
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*baNaS | ‘male (of animals)’ (eng) |
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*baNaw | ‘thorny vine: *Smilax* spp.’ (eng) |
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*banaw | ‘lake’ (eng) |
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*bañaw | ‘wash the body’ (eng) |
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*baŋaS | ‘tree: *Melia azedarach*’ (eng) |
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*baŋaw | ‘paddy bug, foul-smelling insect that preys on rice in the field’ (eng) |
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*baŋbaŋ | ‘butterfly, moth’ (eng) |
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*baŋbaŋ | ‘resound resounding sound’ (eng) |
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*baŋeliS | 1. ‘tusk’ (eng) 2. ‘canine tooth’ (eng) |
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*baŋ(e)qeR | ‘rotten smell, stench’ (eng) |
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*baŋeS | ‘skin’ (eng) |
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*baŋeSiS | ‘fragrant’ (eng) |
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*baŋuN | ‘wake up, get out of bed’ (eng) |
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*baŋun | ‘Japanese cypress: *Chamaecyparis obtusa*’ (eng) |
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*baNiC | ‘to skin, flay’ (eng) |
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*baqeRuh | 1. ‘new’ (eng) 2. ‘bachelor’ (eng) |
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*baqeSiŋ | ‘sneeze’ (eng) |
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*baqi | ‘grandmother’ (eng) |
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*baRah | ‘ember, glowing coal’ (eng) |
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*baRaŋ | ‘rib (?)’ (eng) |
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*baRaq | ‘lung’ (eng) |
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*baRat | ‘cross’ (eng) |
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*baRat | ‘cucumber: *Cucumis sativus*’ (eng) |
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*barat | ‘cross’ (eng) |
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*baReq | ‘abscess, boil, swelling on the body’ (eng) |
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*baRija | ‘weaver's sword ( lath used to beat in and tighten the woof)’ (eng) |
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*baRiuS | ‘typhoon’ (eng) |
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*baRuj | ‘dove: probably *Ducula* spp.’ (eng) |
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*baSaq | 1. ‘flood’ (eng) 2. ‘to overflow, be in flood’ (eng) |
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*baSaw | 1. ‘cold, of leftover food’ (eng) 2. ‘leftovers from a meal’ (eng) |
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*baSay | ‘hairy vine: *Pueraria hirsuta*’ (eng) |
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*basbas | ‘hit, strike’ (eng) |
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*basbas | ‘sprinkle’ (eng) |
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*baseq | ‘wash clothes’ (eng) |
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*basuq | ‘to wash’ (eng) |
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*batu | ‘to throw’ (eng) |
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*batux | 1. ‘stone’ (eng) 2. ‘testicle’ (eng) |
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*bayu | ‘to pound rice’ (eng) |
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*beCeŋ | ‘millet sp., probably foxtail millet: *Setaria italica*’ (eng) |
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*beCik | ‘tattoo’ (eng) |
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*beCu | ‘callus, blister’ (eng) |
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*bedul | ‘swelling of the body’ (eng) |
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*bejbej | 1. ‘wrap around repeatedly, bind by wrapping’ (eng) 2. ‘bundle of wrapped material’ (eng) |
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*bekas | ‘swift, fast’ (eng) |
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*bekas | ‘to spring a trap’ (eng) |
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*bekbek | ‘sound of breaking, etc.’ (eng) |
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*bekuC | 1. ‘to bend over, bend down (of a person)’ (eng) 2. ‘hunchbacked’ (eng) |
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*belaq | ‘part of something split’ (eng) |
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*beli | ‘to buy’ (eng) |
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*benan | ‘deer of the genus *Cervus*, either the sika deer or sambar deer’ (eng) |
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*beNbeN | ‘banana: *Musa sapientum* L.’ (eng) |
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*beNelem | ‘overcast, twilight’ (eng) |
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*beŋbeŋ | ‘block’ (eng) |
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*beŋbeŋ | ‘buzz, hum’ (eng) |
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*beNuC | ‘pull out, extract’ (eng) |
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*beRas | 1. ‘rice between harvesting and cooking’ (eng) 2. ‘husked rice’ (eng) |
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*beRas-an | ‘container in which rice is stored’ (eng) |
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*beRay | ‘give’ (eng) |
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*beRek | ‘domesticated pig’ (eng) |
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*beReqaŋ | ‘molar tooth’ (eng) |
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*beriq | ‘split, tear open’ (eng) |
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*beRŋaw | ‘bluebottle, large fly’ (eng) |
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*beRŋi-n | ‘night’ (eng) |
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*beRuS | ‘plant: *Rhus semialata*’ (eng) |
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*bes | ‘whizzing sound’ (eng) |
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*besuR | ‘satisfied from having eaten enough, satiated’ (eng) |
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*betak | ‘crack, split open (as dry ground)’ (eng) |
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*beties | ‘calf of the leg’ (eng) |
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*betik | 1. ‘snap the fingers’ (eng) 2. ‘flick with the finger, fillip’ (eng) |
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*betuŋ | ‘bamboo of very large diameter, probably *Dendrocalamus* sp.’ (eng) |
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*biaC | ‘draw a bow to its full extent’ (eng) |
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*biCuka | ‘stomach’ (eng) |
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*bilaŋ | 1. ‘to count, calculate’ (eng) 2. ‘hold valuable’ (eng) |
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*biliN | ‘to follow after someone, walk behind’ (eng) |
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*bineSiq | ‘seed set aside for the next planting’ (eng) |
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*biŋiC | ‘moody, irritable’ (eng) |
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*biNiC | ‘hold in the hand’ (eng) |
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*biqel | ‘goiter’ (eng) |
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*biqiR | ‘off-, off- balance’ (eng) |
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*biqut | ‘curved, crooked, bent’ (eng) |
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*biraŋ | ‘anger, angry’ (eng) |
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*biRaq | ‘wild taro, elephant's ear or itching taro, *Alocasia* spp.’ (eng) |
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*biRaS | ‘roe, fish eggs’ (eng) |
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*biRaSu | ‘cane grass, *Miscanthus* sp.’ (eng) |
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*biRbiR | ‘lip’ (eng) |
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*birbir | ‘shiver, shake, tremble’ (eng) |
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*biriC | ‘to tear, rip’ (eng) |
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*bisuR | ‘satisfied from having eaten enough, satiated’ (eng) |
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*bitbit | ‘pull at some part of the body’ (eng) |
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*bituqen | ‘star’ (eng) |
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*bua | ‘foam, bubbles, froth’ (eng) |
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*buak | ‘bubbling up (as spring water)’ (eng) |
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*bual | ‘spring, source of fresh water’ (eng) |
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*buaq | ‘fruit’ (eng) |
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*buay | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
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*bubu | ‘conical bamboo basket trap for fish’ (eng) |
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*bubu | ‘grandparent’ (eng) |
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*bubuR | ‘jellyfish’ (eng) |
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*buCa | 1. ‘mote in the eye’ (eng) 2. ‘blind’ (eng) 3. ‘blindness’ (eng) |
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*buCa-en maCa | ‘get a mote in the eye’ (eng) |
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*buCaq | ‘foam, froth’ (eng) |
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*buCbuC | ‘pull up (as weeds), pluck (as feathers)’ (eng) |
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*buCu | 1. ‘callus, corn’ (eng) 2. ‘blister’ (eng) |
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*buCuq | ‘testicles’ (eng) |
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*buhaŋ | ‘hole, pit’ (eng) |
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*buhet | ‘squirrel’ (eng) |
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*bujeq | ‘foam, bubbles, lather, scum, froth’ (eng) |
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*bukas | ‘release, undo’ (eng) |
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*bukeS | ‘head hair’ (eng) |
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*bukij | 1. ‘mountain’ (eng) 2. ‘forested inland mountain areas’ (eng) |
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*bukuN | ‘back (anat.)’ (eng) |
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*bula | ‘to give’ (eng) |
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*bulaN | 1. ‘moon, month’ (eng) 2. ‘menstruation’ (eng) |
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*bulaR | 1. ‘cataract of the eye’ (eng) 2. ‘hazy or blurred vision’ (eng) |
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*bulaw | ‘golden colored’ (eng) |
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*bulaw-an | ‘gold’ (eng) |
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*bulbul | ‘dust, pulverized stone’ (eng) |
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*buled | ‘mountain’ (eng) |
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*buleS | ‘tree, the Chinese or Philippine mahogany: *Shorea albus* Foxw.’ (eng) |
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*buli- | ‘prefix of the *qali, *kali- series’ (eng) |
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*bulilik | ‘lizard sp.’ (eng) |
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*buluN | ‘companion’ (eng) |
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*buluq | 1. ‘type of slender bamboo’ (eng) 2. ‘*Schizostachyum* spp.’ (eng) |
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*bunabun | ‘rice seedling’ (eng) |
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*bunaj | ‘sand’ (eng) |
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*buNbuN | 1. ‘fontanelle’ (eng) 2. ‘crown of the head’ (eng) |
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*buŋa | ‘flower, blossom’ (eng) |
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*buŋuh | ‘head’ (eng) |
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*buŋuR | ‘tree sp.’ (eng) |
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*buNi | ‘to hide, conceal’ (eng) |
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*buNuq | ‘constellation: the Pleiades’ (eng) |
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*buNuq | ‘throw at, hit with a projectile’ (eng) |
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*bunuR | 1. ‘to swell’ (eng) 2. ‘swollen’ (eng) |
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*bunuS | ‘machete’ (eng) |
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*buqaya | ‘crocodile’ (eng) |
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*buRaw | ‘drive off, chase away, expel’ (eng) |
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*buRay | ‘flower’ (eng) |
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*buReS | ‘spray water from the mouth’ (eng) |
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*buRuk | 1. ‘rotten meat’ (eng) 2. ‘addled eggs’ (eng) 3. ‘bad character’ (eng) |
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*buSuk | ‘drunkenness, intoxication’ (eng) |
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*busuR | ‘enemy’ (eng) |
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*busuR | ‘hunting bow’ (eng) |
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*buuŋ | ‘buzzing or humming sound’ (eng) |
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*C<in>akaw | 1. ‘what is stolen, stolen goods’ (eng) 2. ‘was stolen (past tense of direct passive)’ (eng) |
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*C<in>aliS | 1. ‘was made into rope’ (eng) 2. ‘what was made into rope’ (eng) |
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*C<in>apa | ‘smoke’ (eng) |
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*C<in>aqi | ‘small intestine’ (eng) |
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*C<in>aqiS | ‘sew’ (eng) |
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*C<in>uNuh | ‘roast’ (eng) |
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*C<um>abu | ‘to wrap’ (eng) |
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*C<um>aki | ‘defecate’ (eng) |
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*C<um>aliS | ‘to tie with rope, fasten with rope’ (eng) |
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*C<um>aŋis | ‘to weep, cry, mourn’ (eng) |
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*C<um>apu | ‘to sweep’ (eng) |
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*C<um>aqi | ‘to defecate’ (eng) |
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*C<um>aqiS | ‘to sew’ (eng) |
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*C<um>ubuq | ‘to sprout, to grow’ (eng) |
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*C<um>ugCug | ‘knock or bump the head’ (eng) |
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*C<um>uNuh | ‘to roast (intr.)’ (eng) |
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*C<um>uSuR | ‘to string beads, etc.’ (eng) |
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*CabCab | ‘clap, beat, hack’ (eng) |
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*Cabu | ‘to wrap’ (eng) |
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*Ca-Capuh | ‘broom’ (eng) |
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*Ca-CaqiS | ‘sew’ (eng) |
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*CaCaw | ‘pupil of the eye’ (eng) |
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*Ca-Cawa | ‘to laugh’ (eng) |
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*Cakaw | ‘steal’ (eng) |
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*Cakaw-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
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*Caki | ‘feces, excreta’ (eng) |
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*Cali | ‘cultivated taro: *Colocasia esculenta*’ (eng) |
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*Caliŋa | ‘ear’ (eng) |
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*Caliŋa nu kaSiw | ‘wood ear, semicircular edible fungus which grows on tree trunks’ (eng) |
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*CaliS | ‘rope, cord, twine, string’ (eng) |
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*CaluN | 1. ‘fallow land’ (eng) 2. ‘secondary forest’ (eng) |
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*CaNem | 1. ‘grave’ (eng) 2. ‘to bury’ (eng) |
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*CaNem-en | ‘what is buried or planted’ (eng) |
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*Caŋelaj | ‘elephant grass, miscanthus grass: *Themeda gigantea*’ (eng) |
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*Caŋila | ‘ear’ (eng) |
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*Caŋis | 1. ‘weep, cry’ (eng) 2. ‘mourn’ (eng) 3. ‘to beseech’ (eng) |
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*Caŋis-an | ‘to cry over something or someone’ (eng) |
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*CaNum | ‘carry water’ (eng) |
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*Capa | ‘to smoke fish or meat for preservation’ (eng) |
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*Capaŋ | ‘patch, as on clothing’ (eng) |
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*Capel | 1. ‘patch’ (eng) 2. ‘to patch’ (eng) |
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*Capuh | ‘sweep’ (eng) |
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*Caqi | ‘feces, excrement’ (eng) |
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*CaqiS | ‘to sew’ (eng) |
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*CaqiS-an | ‘sew’ (eng) |
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*Caqu | ‘to know how, be able to, be skilled at’ (eng) |
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*Caqu-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
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*CaSaw | ‘open-’ (eng) |
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*Cau | ‘person, human being’ (eng) |
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*Cau Cau | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
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*Cau nu maCa | ‘pupil of the eye (‘person of the eye’)’ (eng) |
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*Cawa | ‘to laugh’ (eng) |
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*CawiN | ‘year’ (eng) |
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*Cazem | ‘sharp (of point or blade)’ (eng) |
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*Cebak | ‘smack against’ (eng) |
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*Cebej | ‘spring of water, spring water’ (eng) |
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*Cebiq | ‘split, divide, break off’ (eng) |
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*Cebuj | ‘natural spring, fresh water spring’ (eng) |
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*Cebuk | ‘thud’ (eng) |
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*CebuN | ‘smoke’ (eng) |
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*Cebuŋ | ‘to meet, come together’ (eng) |
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*CebuS | ‘sugarcane: *Saccharum officinarum*’ (eng) |
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*CegCeg | ‘beat, pound, hit’ (eng) |
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*CegCeg | ‘to beat, pound on’ (eng) |
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*CekCek | ‘pierce, penetrate’ (eng) |
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*Ceked | ‘to rest, take a break from work or other activity’ (eng) |
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*CekeS | ‘kind of very slender bamboo’ (eng) |
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*Celaq | ‘crack, split, fissure’ (eng) |
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*CelCel | ‘beat, pound’ (eng) |
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*Ceme-Cemel | ‘uncultivated land’ (eng) |
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*Cemel | 1. ‘grass, herbs’ (eng) 2. ‘medicine’ (eng) |
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*Cenek | ‘thorn’ (eng) |
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*CeRab | ‘belch’ (eng) |
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*Cesek | ‘insert, pierce, penetrate’ (eng) |
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*Cidu | ‘spoon, ladle, dipper’ (eng) |
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*Cikel | ‘return, go back’ (eng) |
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*CiŋaS | ‘food particles caught between the teeth’ (eng) |
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*Ciqaw | ‘fish sp.’ (eng) |
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*-Cu | 1. ‘spatio- deixis and spatio- temporal reference: that’ (eng) 2. ‘there, then’ (eng) |
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*Cubuq | ‘plant sprout’ (eng) |
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*CugCug | ‘hit something against something else’ (eng) |
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*CugCug | ‘knock or bump the head’ (eng) |
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*Cukul | ‘huddle, bow the head’ (eng) |
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*Culi | ‘deaf’ (eng) |
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*Cumay | ‘Formosan black bear’ (eng) |
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*Cumek | 1. ‘pulverize’ (eng) 2. ‘crumble’ (eng) |
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*CumeS | 1. ‘clothes louse’ (eng) 2. ‘body louse’ (eng) |
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*CuŋCuŋ | ‘make a booming sound’ (eng) |
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*CuNuh | ‘roast food over a fire’ (eng) |
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*CuNuh-an | ‘to roast’ (eng) |
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*CuqelaN | 1. ‘condylar bone’ (eng) 2. ‘bone of fauna exclusive of fish’ (eng) |
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*CuquR | ‘tree: *Bischofia javanica*’ (eng) |
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*Curis | ‘scratch a line’ (eng) |
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*CuSuR | ‘string together, as beads’ (eng) |
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*CuSuR-en | ‘strung, be skewered’ (eng) |
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*Cuzuq | ‘index finger’ (eng) |
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*d<um>akep | 1. ‘to catch, capture’ (eng) 2. ‘embrace’ (eng) |
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*d<um>akiS | ‘climb, ascend’ (eng) |
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*d<um>ilaq | ‘to lick’ (eng) |
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*da | ‘locative case marker (probably for plural personal names; cf. *di, *du)’ (eng) |
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*da-amax | ‘father’ (eng) |
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*dadaN | 1. ‘old, of things’ (eng) 2. ‘ancient times’ (eng) |
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*da-duSa | ‘two, of people’ (eng) |
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*dajam | ‘accustomed to, tame’ (eng) |
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*dajem | ‘chills, as of malaria’ (eng) |
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*dakep | 1. ‘catch, seize’ (eng) 2. ‘embrace’ (eng) |
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*dakep-en | ‘caught, captured’ (eng) |
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*dakeS | ‘tree: the camphor laurel: *Cinnamomum* spp.’ (eng) |
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*daki | 1. ‘dirt on skin’ (eng) 2. ‘dandruff’ (eng) |
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*dakiS | ‘climb, ascend’ (eng) |
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*dakuC | ‘snatch, grab’ (eng) |
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*dalayap | ‘kind of citrus tree and fruit’ (eng) |
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*dalem | 1. ‘in, inside’ (eng) 2. ‘deep’ (eng) |
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*damaR | ‘tree resin used in torches (?)’ (eng) |
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*damuq | ‘dew’ (eng) |
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*damuq | ‘menstrual blood?’ (eng) |
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*danaw | ‘lake’ (eng) |
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*daŋdaŋ | 1. ‘broil’ (eng) 2. ‘warm oneself or something near a fire’ (eng) |
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*daŋdaŋ-an | ‘place something near a fire’ (eng) |
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*daNi | 1. ‘soon, presently’ (eng) 2. ‘almost’ (eng) |
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*daNum | ‘fresh water’ (eng) |
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*danum-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
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*dapa | ‘palm of the hand’ (eng) |
||
*dapaN | 1. ‘sole of the foot’ (eng) 2. ‘footprint’ (eng) |
||
*dapuR | ‘pile up, as stones’ (eng) |
||
*daqaN | ‘old, ancient’ (eng) |
||
*daqaNi | ‘day’ (eng) |
||
*daqiS | 1. ‘forehead’ (eng) 2. ‘face’ (eng) |
||
*daqu | ‘soapberry: *Sapindus mukrossi*, *S. saponaria*’ (eng) |
||
*daRa | ‘Formosan maple: *Liquidambar formosana*’ (eng) |
||
*daRaq | 1. ‘blood’ (eng) 2. ‘to bleed’ (eng) 3. ‘menstruate’ (eng) |
||
*daReq | ‘soil, probably clay’ (eng) |
||
*daRiŋ | ‘groan, moan’ (eng) |
||
*daRiq | ‘soil, probably clay’ (eng) |
||
*daSdaS | ‘chest (anat.)’ (eng) |
||
*dataR | ‘flat, flat or level land’ (eng) |
||
*dawiN | ‘far’ (eng) |
||
*daya | ‘upriver, toward the interior’ (eng) |
||
*debdeb | ‘chest’ (eng) |
||
*dekdek | ‘to tamp down, compact something’ (eng) |
||
*dekeC | ‘paste, adhesive (probably made of overcooked rice)’ (eng) |
||
*dekep | ‘embrace’ (eng) |
||
*dekiŋ | ‘to bark, of a deer’ (eng) |
||
*deles | ‘bowstring’ (eng) |
||
*demdem | ‘brood, hold a grudge, remember, keep still’ (eng) |
||
*demdem | 1. ‘gloom, darkness’ (eng) 2. ‘dark, overcast, gloomy’ (eng) |
||
*deŋdeŋ | 1. ‘thunder’ (eng) 2. ‘roaring or thunderous sound’ (eng) |
||
*deŋeR | 1. ‘to hear’ (eng) 2. ‘sound’ (eng) |
||
*depah | ‘fathom’ (eng) |
||
*depuŋ | ‘venomous snake’ (eng) |
||
*deRdeR | ‘thunder’ (eng) |
||
*deRuŋ | ‘distant rolling thunder’ (eng) |
||
*deruŋ | ‘deep booming boom’ (eng) |
||
*detdet | ‘packed tightly together’ (eng) |
||
*di | ‘locative case marker (probably for singular personal names; *cf.* *<pwd>da</pwd>, *<pwd>du</pwd>)’ (eng) |
||
*dikeC | ‘sticky, adhesive’ (eng) |
||
*dikit | ‘little, few, small in amount’ (eng) |
||
*dilaq | ‘to lick’ (eng) |
||
*diNaŋ | 1. ‘rust’ (eng) 2. ‘hematite’ (eng) |
||
*di-ni | ‘here’ (eng) |
||
*diRi | ‘to stand’ (eng) |
||
*diRus | ‘bathe’ (eng) |
||
*disdis | ‘cut, slice’ (eng) |
||
*diteq | ‘sticky substance’ (eng) |
||
*dua | ‘over there, yonder’ (eng) |
||
*du-duSa | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*duhduh | ‘thunder’ (eng) |
||
*dukduk | ‘ginger’ (eng) |
||
*dukduk | ‘to thrust into a hole, as a stick to catch a crab’ (eng) |
||
*duma | 1. ‘someone’ (eng) 2. ‘other people’ (eng) 3. ‘different’ (eng) |
||
*du(ŋ)kuŋ | ‘bend, curve’ (eng) |
||
*duRi | ‘thorn’ (eng) |
||
*duSa | ‘two’ (eng) |
||
*duSa duSa | 1. ‘two by two, two at a time’ (eng) 2. ‘two each’ (eng) |
||
*duSa-en | ‘divided into two’ (eng) |
||
*edem | ‘soak, dye’ (eng) |
||
*-en | 1. ‘verbal suffix marking patient or undergoer voice’ (eng) 2. ‘nominal suffix marking product of an action or thing affected by an action’ (eng) |
||
*enem | ‘six’ (eng) |
||
*esa | ‘one’ (eng) |
||
*g<um>aruC | ‘to comb’ (eng) |
||
*gaCel | ‘itch, feel itchy’ (eng) |
||
*gaRaŋ | ‘small edible freshwater crab’ (eng) |
||
*garaŋ | ‘fierce, intense, as of appetite or temper’ (eng) |
||
*garuC | ‘comb’ (eng) |
||
*gayaŋ | ‘hunting spear’ (eng) |
||
*geCel | ‘to pinch’ (eng) |
||
*gemel | ‘take in the hand, clasp, grasp’ (eng) |
||
*gemgem | 1. ‘fist’ (eng) 2. ‘hold in the fist’ (eng) |
||
*gereC | ‘slit an animal's throat’ (eng) |
||
*gerger | ‘shake, shiver, tremble’ (eng) |
||
*geriC | ‘gnaw of ripping, gnawing, etc.’ (eng) |
||
*getil | ‘to pinch’ (eng) |
||
*giŋgiŋ | ‘cold, shivering’ (eng) |
||
*giRiŋ | ‘ring’ (eng) |
||
*gisgis | ‘rub, scrape against’ (eng) |
||
*guCguC | ‘pluck, pull out’ (eng) |
||
*guCguC | ‘to scratch, as an itch’ (eng) |
||
*gumuN | ‘body hair’ (eng) |
||
*guŋguŋ | ‘deep resounding sound’ (eng) |
||
*gurgur | ‘boil of boiling water’ (eng) |
||
*guRiCa | ‘octopus’ (eng) |
||
*guris | 1. ‘line’ (eng) 2. ‘scratch a line’ (eng) |
||
*guSam | ‘fungal disease of the oral tract: thrush’ (eng) |
||
*gusgus | ‘to scrape, scratch, rub’ (eng) |
||
*gusi | ‘gums’ (eng) |
||
*gutgut | ‘front teeth, incisors’ (eng) |
||
*haŋut | ‘smell, odor’ (eng) |
||
*hesek | ‘drive in stakes or posts’ (eng) |
||
*hisep | ‘suck, inhale’ (eng) |
||
*hukaq | ‘loosen, open’ (eng) |
||
*hulhul | ‘to bark, of a dog’ (eng) |
||
*huRaC | 1. ‘artery, blood vessel, blood vein’ (eng) 2. ‘muscle’ (eng) 3. ‘nerve’ (eng) 4. ‘sinew’ (eng) 5. ‘tendon’ (eng) |
||
*-i | ‘imperative suffix’ (eng) |
||
*i | ‘exclamation of wonder, disgust, etc.’ (eng) |
||
*i | ‘in’ (eng) |
||
*i | ‘personal article’ (eng) |
||
*i aCas | ‘above, on top’ (eng) |
||
*i babaw | ‘above, on top of’ (eng) |
||
*ia | 1. ‘3sg. personal pronoun: he, she’ (eng) 2. ‘him, her, it’ (eng) |
||
*i-aku | ‘1sg., I, me’ (eng) |
||
*i-amen | ‘1pl. ex oblique’ (eng) |
||
*i-ami | ‘1pl. excl. nominative, we’ (eng) |
||
*ian | ‘dwell, reside, live in a place’ (eng) |
||
*ia-ni | 1. ‘this’ (eng) 2. ‘here’ (eng) |
||
*ibaS | ‘companion, close relative, other one’ (eng) |
||
*i-Cu | ‘that (2p)’ (eng) |
||
*idas | ‘affine of Ego's generation’ (eng) |
||
*ijan | ‘when?’ (eng) |
||
*i-kaSu | ‘2sg., you’ (eng) |
||
*ikuD | ‘to follow’ (eng) |
||
*ikud | ‘to sit’ (eng) |
||
*ikuR | ‘tail’ (eng) |
||
*iluR | ‘river channel’ (eng) |
||
*ima | ‘who?’ (eng) |
||
*imah | ‘drink’ (eng) |
||
*ina | ‘mother, mother's sister’ (eng) |
||
*in-alap | ‘take’ (eng) |
||
*iná-q | ‘mother, mother's sister (address, vocative)’ (eng) |
||
*iŋ(e)pis | ‘thin (of material objects)’ (eng) |
||
*iŋsuŋ | ‘wooden rice mortar’ (eng) |
||
*i-ni | ‘this, here’ (eng) |
||
*ini | ‘negative marker: no, not’ (eng) |
||
*i-nu | ‘place which is unknown or cannot be remembered: where?’ (eng) |
||
*inu | ‘where?’ (eng) |
||
*ipit | 1. ‘near, come near’ (eng) 2. ‘edge, border’ (eng) |
||
*iRik | ‘thresh with the feet (as rice)’ (eng) |
||
*isa | ‘one’ (eng) |
||
*isa isa | 1. ‘distributive’ (eng) 2. ‘one-by-one, one at a time’ (eng) |
||
*isa-ŋa | ‘remaining one’ (eng) |
||
*iSeq | ‘urine, urinate’ (eng) |
||
*isi | 1. ‘flesh (of humans, animals, fruits, tubers)’ (eng) 2. ‘reside’ (eng) 3. ‘blade of a knife’ (eng) 4. ‘inhabitants, residents’ (eng) |
||
*iSiq | ‘urine, urinate’ (eng) |
||
*iSu | ‘2sg. personal pronoun: you’ (eng) |
||
*ita | ‘we (incl.)’ (eng) |
||
*iten | ‘1p plural absolute possessive pronoun: ours (incl.)’ (eng) |
||
*iten | ‘we (incl.)’ (eng) |
||
*i-ti | 1. ‘1p deixis and spatial reference: this’ (eng) 2. ‘here’ (eng) |
||
*iuk | ‘citrus fruit (both orange and pomelo?)’ (eng) |
||
*k<aN>uSkuS | ‘claw, talon, fingernail’ (eng) |
||
*k<ar>uSkuS | ‘scrape, scratch something from a surface’ (eng) |
||
*k<in>a-Cau-an | ‘nature, character’ (eng) |
||
*k<in>aCu | 1. ‘was brought’ (eng) 2. ‘what was brought’ (eng) |
||
*k<in>aen | ‘eat’ (eng) |
||
*k<in>aen-an | ‘eat’ (eng) |
||
*k<in>alih-an | ‘place that has been dug up’ (eng) |
||
*k<in>aRaC-an | ‘bite of an animal’ (eng) |
||
*k<in>uja | ‘what has been said/done (to cause someone to react)?’ (eng) |
||
*k<um>aCu | ‘to bring, to carry along’ (eng) |
||
*k<um>aen | ‘to eat’ (eng) |
||
*k<um>ahuS | ‘scoop up’ (eng) |
||
*k<um>ali | ‘to dig up, excavate, as tubers’ (eng) |
||
*k<um>aRaC | ‘to bite’ (eng) |
||
*k<um>aRaw | ‘to scratch an itch’ (eng) |
||
*k<um>aSiw | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*k<um>auS | ‘to scoop up, as with a fish net’ (eng) |
||
*k<um>eRet | ‘cut something slender’ (eng) |
||
*k<um>etun | ‘chop up, as firewood’ (eng) |
||
*k<um>iRim | ‘to seek, search, look for’ (eng) |
||
*k<um>ita | ‘to see’ (eng) |
||
*k<um>uCu | ‘to de louse’ (eng) |
||
*k<um>uja | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*k<um>uRi | ‘to rake’ (eng) |
||
*k<um>uSkuS | ‘to scrape’ (eng) |
||
*ka | ‘conditional, if’ (eng) |
||
*ka | ‘conjunctive particle, and’ (eng) |
||
*ka | ‘oblique case marker for plural personal names’ (eng) |
||
*ka- | ‘formative for abstract nouns of quality’ (eng) |
||
*ka- | ‘marker of past time in temporal expressions’ (eng) |
||
*ka- | ‘stative marker in irrealis constructions, counterpart to <pwd>*ma-</pwd> in realis constructions’ (eng) |
||
*ka- -an | ‘formative for abstract nouns (often deverbal)’ (eng) |
||
*ka- -an | ‘formative for nouns of location’ (eng) |
||
*ka- -an | ‘marker of the adversative passive’ (eng) |
||
*ka-aCay | ‘kill (?)’ (eng) |
||
*ka-aCay-an | ‘lose someone through death (?)’ (eng) |
||
*ka-bajaq | ‘know, understand’ (eng) |
||
*kabal | ‘clothing’ (eng) |
||
*kabaR | ‘clothing’ (eng) |
||
*kabit | ‘hook’ (eng) |
||
*kabus | ‘shrimp, lobster’ (eng) |
||
*ka-CaSaw-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*ka-Cau-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*kaCu | ‘bring, carry’ (eng) |
||
*ka-dataR-an | ‘plain, region of level land’ (eng) |
||
*kaen | ‘eat’ (eng) |
||
*kaen-an | 1. ‘place where one eats’ (eng) 2. ‘food’ (eng) |
||
*kaen-ay | ‘will eat’ (eng) |
||
*kaen-en | ‘eat’ (eng) |
||
*kaen-i | ‘eat it!’ (eng) |
||
*kahuS | ‘scoop up’ (eng) |
||
*kahut | 1. ‘to take in one’s hand’ (eng) 2. ‘handful’ (eng) |
||
*kaija | ‘when? (in the past)’ (eng) |
||
*kak | ‘sound of a cackle, loud laugh, etc.’ (eng) |
||
*kaka | ‘elder sibling’ (eng) |
||
*kakaCu | ‘spider’ (eng) |
||
*ka-kaen-an | ‘place where one eats’ (eng) |
||
*ka-kaen-en | ‘edible things, food’ (eng) |
||
*kakak | ‘caw, cackle’ (eng) |
||
*ka-kalih | ‘dig’ (eng) |
||
*k-aku | ‘1sg oblique: to me, for me’ (eng) |
||
*ka-kuRi | ‘rake’ (eng) |
||
*kalaw | ‘bird sp.’ (eng) |
||
*kalaw | ‘eyebrow’ (eng) |
||
*kali | ‘canal, ditch’ (eng) |
||
*kali- | ‘prefix for words with a sensitive reference to the spirit world (cf. <pwd>*qali-</pwd>)’ (eng) |
||
*kalih | 1. ‘hole in the ground’ (eng) 2. ‘to dig up, excavate, as tubers’ (eng) |
||
*kaluŋkuŋ | ‘deep resounding sound’ (eng) |
||
*kamay | ‘hand’ (eng) |
||
*kamaya | ‘plant sp.: *Diospyros discolor*’ (eng) |
||
*k-ami | ‘1pl. excl. nominative pronoun, we ( exclusive)’ (eng) |
||
*k-amu | ‘2pl. nominative, you all’ (eng) |
||
*kamu-yu | ‘2pl. nominative, you all’ (eng) |
||
*kaNasay | ‘fish: the mullet’ (eng) |
||
*kaNawaS | ‘small tree bearing round, green fruit: *Ehretia* spp.’ (eng) |
||
*kaŋkaŋ | ‘resounding sound’ (eng) |
||
*ka-nu | 1. ‘interrogative’ (eng) 2. ‘probably 'when?'’ (eng) |
||
*ka-pajay-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*ka-piliq-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*kapit | ‘fasten together by sewing or tying’ (eng) |
||
*ka-pitu-an | ‘seven’ (eng) |
||
*kapkap | ‘feel in the dark, grope’ (eng) |
||
*kapua | ‘silk cotton, kapok’ (eng) |
||
*ka-qudip-an | ‘livelihood’ (eng) |
||
*ka-Rabi-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*kaRaC | ‘to bite’ (eng) |
||
*kaRaC-i | ‘bite (imperative)’ (eng) |
||
*kaRaw | ‘to scratch an itch’ (eng) |
||
*kaRi | ‘word, speech, language’ (eng) |
||
*karkar | ‘scratch up the earth, as a fowl’ (eng) |
||
*kaRus | ‘scrape’ (eng) |
||
*karus | ‘to scratch, scrape’ (eng) |
||
*karut | ‘scrape, rasp’ (eng) |
||
*kaS(e)pal | ‘thick, of solid objects’ (eng) |
||
*kaSi-kaSiw | ‘wood’ (eng) |
||
*kaSiw | 1. ‘wood’ (eng) 2. ‘tree’ (eng) |
||
*kaSiw-en | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*kaSkaS | ‘scratch up the soil, as a chicken looking for food’ (eng) |
||
*kaSu | ‘2sg., you’ (eng) |
||
*ka-tanem-an | ‘area that is planted(?)’ (eng) |
||
*katawa | ‘castor bean: *Ricinus communis* L.’ (eng) |
||
*ka-telu | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*kati | ‘exhortation to call a person or animal’ (eng) |
||
*katkat | ‘come undone, of stitches’ (eng) |
||
*kauS | ‘scoop up, as with a fish net’ (eng) |
||
*ka-wanaN | ‘right ( side, hand, direction)’ (eng) |
||
*kawaS | ‘talk, talk about, discuss’ (eng) |
||
*kawaS | 1. ‘year, season’ (eng) 2. ‘sky, heaven’ (eng) |
||
*kaway | ‘net bag used by men for carrying things on back’ (eng) |
||
*kawayan | ‘bamboo, *Bambusa* spp., probably *Bambusa spinosa*’ (eng) |
||
*kawil | ‘fishhook’ (eng) |
||
*ka-wiRi | ‘left side or direction’ (eng) |
||
*kawit | ‘hook’ (eng) |
||
*kawkaw | ‘sickle for harvesting grain’ (eng) |
||
*ka-zalan-an | ‘improvised trail, trail made by passing through?’ (eng) |
||
*kebkeb | ‘to lie prone, face down’ (eng) |
||
*kedi | ‘small in size or amount’ (eng) |
||
*kedip | ‘to blink’ (eng) |
||
*kelem | ‘dark, overcast, visually obscure’ (eng) |
||
*kelip | ‘to blink’ (eng) |
||
*kemkem | ‘bite down hard’ (eng) |
||
*keNa | 1. ‘ensnared, caught in a trap’ (eng) 2. ‘suffer, undergo, be struck by something’ (eng) 3. ‘entrapped or deceived’ (eng) 4. ‘hit the mark, be ‘on target’, correct, right, true’ (eng) |
||
*keŋkeŋ | ‘hollow, resounding sound’ (eng) |
||
*kepit | 1. ‘press together’ (eng) 2. ‘pressed together’ (eng) |
||
*keRan | ‘scab on a wound’ (eng) |
||
*keRaŋ | ‘dry’ (eng) |
||
*keRaŋ | ‘scab, crust on a wound’ (eng) |
||
*keRet | 1. ‘cut something slender or soft’ (eng) 2. ‘reap crops’ (eng) |
||
*keret | ‘to sever, cut off’ (eng) |
||
*keRet-en | ‘cut’ (eng) |
||
*keriq | ‘chatter’ (eng) |
||
*keRiw | 1. ‘hemp plant’ (eng) 2. ‘hemp’ (eng) |
||
*keRkeR | ‘shake, tremble’ (eng) |
||
*keRuŋ | ‘sound">resound’ (eng) |
||
*keseR | ‘strength, vigor, force’ (eng) |
||
*keskes | ‘scratch, scrape’ (eng) |
||
*ketil | ‘pinch off’ (eng) |
||
*ketun | ‘cut, sever’ (eng) |
||
*kezem | ‘close the eyes’ (eng) |
||
*kezuC | ‘to jerk suddenly, jump when startled’ (eng) |
||
*ki | ‘oblique case marker for personal nouns’ (eng) |
||
*ki- | ‘prefixed to a noun means ‘to get, obtain, collect, gather’ (noun)’ (eng) |
||
*kiaw | ‘puling sound of a bird’ (eng) |
||
*kiCiŋ | ‘body part’ (eng) |
||
*ki-CuNuh | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*kidiq | ‘to tickle’ (eng) |
||
*kikuR | ‘tail’ (eng) |
||
*kilala | 1. ‘to know (a person), recognize, be acquainted with’ (eng) 2. ‘to feel, perceive’ (eng) |
||
*kiluŋ | ‘curve’ (eng) |
||
*kiŋeR | ‘to hear’ (eng) |
||
*kiŋkiŋ | ‘ring’ (eng) |
||
*kipit | 1. ‘narrow’ (eng) 2. ‘pinch between tongs, etc.’ (eng) |
||
*kiRim | ‘seek, search, look for’ (eng) |
||
*kiRim-en | ‘look’ (eng) |
||
*kiRkiR | ‘rasp, file’ (eng) |
||
*kiRus | ‘scrape’ (eng) |
||
*kiSkiS | ‘scrape off’ (eng) |
||
*kiskis | ‘to shave, scrape off’ (eng) |
||
*k-ita | ‘we (incl.)’ (eng) |
||
*kita | ‘to see’ (eng) |
||
*kita-en | ‘see’ (eng) |
||
*ki-tunuh | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*kiwkiw | 1. ‘to wave, wag ( tail)’ (eng) 2. ‘to stir (people) up’ (eng) |
||
*-ku | ‘1sg genitive ( marker of non-subject agency and possession; my; by me)’ (eng) |
||
*ku | ‘oblique of common nouns (cf. *ki, *ka)’ (eng) |
||
*kuan | 1. ‘hamlet’ (eng) 2. ‘kin-based residential unit’ (eng) |
||
*kuaw | ‘kind of bird and the sound of its call’ (eng) |
||
*kuCkuC | ‘roll up, curl up tightly’ (eng) |
||
*kuCux | ‘head louse’ (eng) |
||
*kudem | ‘dark’ (eng) |
||
*kuden | ‘clay cooking pot’ (eng) |
||
*kudeŋ | ‘clay cooking pot’ (eng) |
||
*kudis | 1. ‘scurfy skin disease’ (eng) 2. ‘scabies’ (eng) |
||
*kudkud | ‘hoof, lower leg of an ungulate’ (eng) |
||
*kuja | ‘how?, how is it? what is the matter?’ (eng) |
||
*kukuŋ | ‘small bird that produces a deep resounding call’ (eng) |
||
*kulaC | ‘bracket fungus, *Polyporus* spp.’ (eng) |
||
*kulay | ‘worm, insect’ (eng) |
||
*kuliC | ‘rind, peeling of fruits or tubers’ (eng) |
||
*kumeS | ‘pubic hair’ (eng) |
||
*kumiS | ‘pubic hair’ (eng) |
||
*ku(ŋ)kuŋ | 1. ‘deep resonant sound’ (eng) 2. ‘name of a bird with deep resonant cry’ (eng) |
||
*kuŋkuŋ | 1. ‘deep resounding sound’ (eng) 2. ‘slit-gong, hollowed tree trunk used to send messages’ (eng) |
||
*kuNkuN | ‘Formosan hill partridge’ (eng) |
||
*kupit | ‘press together, close tightly’ (eng) |
||
*kurap | ‘ringworm’ (eng) |
||
*kuRi | ‘rake’ (eng) |
||
*kuris | 1. ‘scurfy skin disease’ (eng) 2. ‘scabies’ (eng) |
||
*kurkur | ‘dig in the soil’ (eng) |
||
*kuSa | ‘work’ (eng) |
||
*kuSkuS | ‘claw, talon, fingernail’ (eng) |
||
*kuSkuS | ‘scrape’ (eng) |
||
*kuti | ‘vulva, vagina’ (eng) |
||
*kutkut | ‘scrape off’ (eng) |
||
*kuya | ‘defect’ (eng) |
||
*l<um>edep | ‘to dive, swim under water’ (eng) |
||
*l<um>ubaŋ | ‘to bury, place in a pit or hole’ (eng) |
||
*l<um>udaq | ‘to spit’ (eng) |
||
*labaw | ‘rat’ (eng) |
||
*labeR | ‘roam freely, of domesticated animals that are untethered’ (eng) |
||
*labiq | ‘excess, surplus’ (eng) |
||
*laCeŋ | ‘stinging nettle: *Laportea* spp.’ (eng) |
||
*lahud | ‘downstream, toward the sea’ (eng) |
||
*lahuN | ‘steam, vapor’ (eng) |
||
*lajam | ‘familiar with, accustomed to’ (eng) |
||
*lakat | ‘walk, take a step’ (eng) |
||
*lakup | ‘cover, wrapping’ (eng) |
||
*lalay | ‘cicada’ (eng) |
||
*la-lima | ‘five (in counting people)’ (eng) |
||
*lama | ‘old, former’ (eng) |
||
*lamlam | ‘impetuous’ (eng) |
||
*laŋaw | ‘housefly’ (eng) |
||
*laŋaw-en | ‘infested with flies, covered with flies’ (eng) |
||
*laŋ(e)si | ‘unpleasant odor’ (eng) |
||
*laŋiC | ‘sky’ (eng) |
||
*laŋu | ‘vertigo’ (eng) |
||
*la(n)tuk | ‘curve’ (eng) |
||
*lapaq | ‘to cut up, butcher, slaughter an animal’ (eng) |
||
*lapis | ‘flying squirrel’ (eng) |
||
*laplap | ‘loose (as of clothing)’ (eng) |
||
*lapus | ‘untie (a knot), undress, remove clothes’ (eng) |
||
*laRaŋ | ‘to forbid’ (eng) |
||
*laRiw | ‘run, run away, flee, escape’ (eng) |
||
*lasuq | 1. ‘hot’ (eng) 2. ‘blistered by heat’ (eng) |
||
*lawa | ‘wide’ (eng) |
||
*lawaq | 1. ‘spider’ (eng) 2. ‘spider web’ (eng) |
||
*lawaR | ‘flying squirrel’ (eng) |
||
*lawas | 1. ‘internode of bamboo’ (eng) 2. ‘section of something’ (eng) |
||
*lawas | ‘wide, broad’ (eng) |
||
*laway | ‘thread, yarn’ (eng) |
||
*layap | ‘to fly’ (eng) |
||
*layaR | ‘sail’ (eng) |
||
*layu | ‘wither, wilt’ (eng) |
||
*lebeŋ | ‘to bury’ (eng) |
||
*lebleb | ‘foggy, misty, overcast, gloomy, of weather preceding rain’ (eng) |
||
*lecik | ‘fly off, of solid bits or water droplets’ (eng) |
||
*ledep | ‘to dive, swim under water’ (eng) |
||
*ledled | ‘to rub the eyes’ (eng) |
||
*lekab | ‘open, uncover’ (eng) |
||
*lekuq | 1. ‘bend’ (eng) 2. ‘bending part, joint’ (eng) |
||
*lemek | ‘soft’ (eng) |
||
*lemlem | 1. ‘dark, of weather’ (eng) 2. ‘overcast’ (eng) |
||
*lepaw | ‘hut’ (eng) |
||
*lezep | ‘submerge, disappear under water’ (eng) |
||
*lidam | ‘tongue’ (eng) |
||
*liduŋ | 1. ‘shelter, cover, protection’ (eng) 2. ‘shade’ (eng) |
||
*likaC | ‘lightning’ (eng) |
||
*likaw | ‘curve, bend, winding’ (eng) |
||
*likeS | ‘mosquito’ (eng) |
||
*likud | ‘back’ (eng) |
||
*likud-an | ‘back area, place at the back?’ (eng) |
||
*liku-likud | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*liku-likud-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*lima | ‘five’ (eng) |
||
*liŋaw | ‘shadow’ (eng) |
||
*liNuŋ | ‘calm, tranquil, of the surface of water’ (eng) |
||
*linuR | ‘earthquake’ (eng) |
||
*lipas | ‘to pass, pass by’ (eng) |
||
*lipen | ‘tooth’ (eng) |
||
*lipet | ‘to fold, fold over’ (eng) |
||
*lipuC | ‘disappear behind something that envelops or blocks the view’ (eng) |
||
*liqeR | ‘neck’ (eng) |
||
*liseqeS | ‘nit, egg of a hair louse’ (eng) |
||
*litlit | ‘wind around, bind by winding around’ (eng) |
||
*liuS | ‘a’ (eng) |
||
*lubaŋ | ‘burial pit’ (eng) |
||
*lubuk | ‘bag, sack’ (eng) |
||
*luCuŋ | ‘Formosan rock monkey: *Macaca cyclopis*’ (eng) |
||
*ludaq | ‘saliva’ (eng) |
||
*luem | ‘ripe’ (eng) |
||
*lukeNaw | ‘Formosan clouded leopard’ (eng) |
||
*lukuC | ‘parasitic plant sp.’ (eng) |
||
*luluj | ‘shin’ (eng) |
||
*luluN | ‘to roll up, as a mat’ (eng) |
||
*luNuŋ | ‘cloud’ (eng) |
||
*lupaS | ‘spit, spit out’ (eng) |
||
*lupas | ‘peach’ (eng) |
||
*luSeq | ‘tears’ (eng) |
||
*lutay | ‘weak, exhausted’ (eng) |
||
*lutuk | ‘Formosan hare: Lepus sinensis formosus’ (eng) |
||
*m<in>aCa | ‘eye’ (eng) |
||
*m<in>aCay | ‘burial ground (?)’ (eng) |
||
*ma- | ‘future prefix’ (eng) |
||
*ma- | ‘stative prefix’ (eng) |
||
*ma-aCay | 1. ‘die’ (eng) 2. ‘dead’ (eng) 3. ‘eclipse of sun or moon’ (eng) |
||
*ma-ala | ‘take’ (eng) |
||
*ma-alap | ‘take’ (eng) |
||
*ma-anak | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*ma-b<in>ahi | ‘female, woman’ (eng) |
||
*ma-bajaq | ‘know, understand’ (eng) |
||
*ma-bali | ‘wind’ (eng) |
||
*ma-bañaw | ‘wash the body’ (eng) |
||
*ma-baSaw | ‘cooled off, as cooked food that has been left to sit too long’ (eng) |
||
*ma-belaq | ‘split, in two’ (eng) |
||
*ma-besuR | ‘satiated, full from eating’ (eng) |
||
*ma-buCa | ‘blind’ (eng) |
||
*ma-bunuR | 1. ‘to swell’ (eng) 2. ‘swollen’ (eng) |
||
*ma-buRaw | ‘drive’ (eng) |
||
*ma-buSuk | ‘drunk, intoxicated’ (eng) |
||
*maCa | ‘eye, focal point, center or most prominent part’ (eng) |
||
*ma-Cakaw | ‘to steal’ (eng) |
||
*ma-Caŋis | ‘cry’ (eng) |
||
*ma-Caqu | ‘know’ (eng) |
||
*ma-Cawa | ‘to laugh’ (eng) |
||
*ma-CuNuh | ‘roast’ (eng) |
||
*ma-dajam | ‘accustomed to, tame’ (eng) |
||
*ma-dajem | ‘chills, as of malaria’ (eng) |
||
*ma-dalem | ‘deep’ (eng) |
||
*ma-dalis | ‘smooth, slippery’ (eng) |
||
*ma-daRaq | ‘blood’ (eng) |
||
*ma-demdem | ‘gloom’ (eng) |
||
*ma-hemis | ‘sweet’ (eng) |
||
*ma-kaen | ‘will eat (?)’ (eng) |
||
*maka-enem | ‘six times (frequentative multiplicative)’ (eng) |
||
*maka-lima | ‘five times’ (eng) |
||
*maka-pija | ‘(for) how many days?’ (eng) |
||
*maka-pitu | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*ma-kaRaC | ‘bitten’ (eng) |
||
*maka-Sepat | ‘four times’ (eng) |
||
*maka-walu | ‘eight times (frequentative, multiplicative)’ (eng) |
||
*ma-keseR | ‘vigor’ (eng) |
||
*ma-kiRim | ‘found?’ (eng) |
||
*ma-kuCu | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*ma-kuja | ‘what are you doing? what’s happening?’ (eng) |
||
*ma-kuliC | ‘skinny, thin, underweight’ (eng) |
||
*ma-laŋu | ‘dizzy, drunk’ (eng) |
||
*ma-laRiw | ‘run, run away, flee’ (eng) |
||
*ma-lebleb | ‘foggy, misty, overcast, gloomy, of weather preceding rain’ (eng) |
||
*ma-lima-N | ‘fifty’ (eng) |
||
*maliqi | ‘pregnant’ (eng) |
||
*ma-litlit | ‘or become wound around something’ (eng) |
||
*mamah | ‘father’s brother’ (eng) |
||
*ma-najam | 1. ‘accustomed to, familiar with’ (eng) 2. ‘tame’ (eng) |
||
*maNaŋ | ‘sharp’ (eng) |
||
*ma-ŋilu | ‘painful, as of teeth on edge from eating something very sour’ (eng) |
||
*ma-Nipis | ‘thin (of materials)’ (eng) |
||
*ma-Niwaŋ | ‘thin, of persons and animals’ (eng) |
||
*manu | ‘interrogative marker: which?’ (eng) |
||
*manuk | ‘chicken’ (eng) |
||
*ma-Nuka | ‘wound’ (eng) |
||
*ma-paqiC | ‘bitter’ (eng) |
||
*ma-piliq | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*ma-piNay | ‘lame, crippled’ (eng) |
||
*ma-pizpiz | ‘close’ (eng) |
||
*ma-pukaw | ‘dim, of vision’ (eng) |
||
*ma-puNi | ‘white’ (eng) |
||
*ma-puSaN | ‘twenty’ (eng) |
||
*ma-qaCi | 1. ‘ebb, of water in streams’ (eng) 2. ‘low tide’ (eng) |
||
*ma-qajaw | ‘sunny, hot’ (eng) |
||
*ma-qataq | ‘raw, unripe’ (eng) |
||
*maqaw | ‘plant: *Litsea cubeba* (Lour.)’ (eng) |
||
*ma-qetaq | ‘raw, unripe, green (fruit), uncooked’ (eng) |
||
*ma-qudem | ‘dark, cloudy’ (eng) |
||
*ma-quSaw | ‘thirst’ (eng) |
||
*ma-quzaN | ‘rain’ (eng) |
||
*maR-amax | ‘father and child’ (eng) |
||
*maR-buaq | ‘bear fruit’ (eng) |
||
*maRe-anak | ‘parent and child’ (eng) |
||
*maR-ina | ‘mother and child’ (eng) |
||
*maR-luSeq | ‘to shed tears, weep’ (eng) |
||
*maR-qani | 1. ‘harvest’ (eng) 2. ‘to harvest’ (eng) |
||
*maS | ‘and’ (eng) |
||
*ma-Sasak | 1. ‘ripe’ (eng) 2. ‘cooked’ (eng) |
||
*ma-SateD | ‘escort, accompany’ (eng) |
||
*ma-Sepat | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*ma-SeReC | ‘tight, firm’ (eng) |
||
*ma-Seyaq | ‘shame’ (eng) |
||
*ma-Sikad | 1. ‘ashamed’ (eng) 2. ‘shy’ (eng) 3. ‘modest’ (eng) |
||
*ma-Suab | ‘to yawn, yawning’ (eng) |
||
*ma-Suaw | ‘to yawn’ (eng) |
||
*ma-Sulem | ‘dim, dark’ (eng) |
||
*mata nu qalejaw | ‘sun (‘ eye of the day’)’ (eng) |
||
*ma-takut | ‘fear’ (eng) |
||
*ma-talaw | ‘fear’ (eng) |
||
*ma-taŋa | ‘will open?’ (eng) |
||
*-matek | ‘jungle leech, *Haemadipsa* spp.’ (eng) |
||
*ma-telu | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*ma-tuduR | ‘to sleep’ (eng) |
||
*ma-tunuh | ‘roast’ (eng) |
||
*ma-tuqaS | ‘old, of people’ (eng) |
||
*ma-tuqaS tuqaS | ‘old, elder, senior’ (eng) |
||
*ma-ulaw | ‘dazed, confused’ (eng) |
||
*-meCaq | ‘paddy leech’ (eng) |
||
*-medaw | ‘dizzy, giddy’ (eng) |
||
*mesmes | ‘grasp, grip, squeeze’ (eng) |
||
*metmet | ‘to hold tightly’ (eng) |
||
*mi- | ‘prefix marking possession of some object’ (eng) |
||
*mi-da-duSa | ‘do something with someone else, perform an action together’ (eng) |
||
*mu- | ‘movement prefix’ (eng) |
||
*mudaq | 1. ‘young (of fruits)’ (eng) 2. ‘immature’ (eng) |
||
*mujiŋ | ‘face (human)’ (eng) |
||
*mujiŋ-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*mula | ‘to plant’ (eng) |
||
*mulmul | ‘hold in the mouth and suck’ (eng) |
||
*mumu | ‘Formosan blind mole: *Talpa micrura insularis* (Swinhoe)’ (eng) |
||
*muRmuR | ‘gargle, rinse the mouth’ (eng) |
||
*N<um>aŋuy | ‘to swim’ (eng) |
||
*-na | 1. ‘distal spatio-temporal deixis: that, there’ (eng) 2. ‘then’ (eng) |
||
*Na | ‘already’ (eng) |
||
*Na | ‘conjunction: and’ (eng) |
||
*na | ‘genitive of plural personal names’ (eng) |
||
*na | ‘linker marking emphatic attribution’ (eng) |
||
*Nabek | ‘breakers, surf, waves’ (eng) |
||
*NaCeŋ | ‘vegetables’ (eng) |
||
*najam | 1. ‘accustomed to, familiar with’ (eng) 2. ‘tame’ (eng) |
||
*Nali | ‘cicada’ (eng) |
||
*Namat | ‘iron ( metal)’ (eng) |
||
*n-ami | ‘1pl. excl. genitive, our’ (eng) |
||
*ñamñam | ‘tasty, delicious (?)’ (eng) |
||
*n-amu | ‘2pl. genitive, your, by you’ (eng) |
||
*ñamuR | ‘dew’ (eng) |
||
*naNaq | ‘pus’ (eng) |
||
*Naŋuy | ‘to swim’ (eng) |
||
*na-nu | ‘what(?)’ (eng) |
||
*Naqeji | ‘boundary between adjacent rice fields’ (eng) |
||
*naRa | ‘to wait’ (eng) |
||
*Nasu | ‘cook by boiling’ (eng) |
||
*nasuk | ‘cook by boiling’ (eng) |
||
*NataD | ‘outside’ (eng) |
||
*ñawñaw | ‘rinse, wash’ (eng) |
||
*nay | ‘deictic particle: this’ (eng) |
||
*Nayad | ‘plant: *Sambucus formosana*’ (eng) |
||
*nema | ‘what thing?’ (eng) |
||
*nemnem | ‘think’ (eng) |
||
*Neŋ | ‘look, see’ (eng) |
||
*NeŋNeŋ | ‘stare, look fixedly’ (eng) |
||
*ŋabŋab | ‘bite off the surface of something’ (eng) |
||
*ŋajan | ‘name’ (eng) |
||
*ŋajay | ‘saliva, drivel’ (eng) |
||
*ŋalŋal | ‘to chew, masticate’ (eng) |
||
*ŋaŋa | ‘open the mouth’ (eng) |
||
*ŋawŋaw | 1. ‘sound produced by an animal’ (eng) 2. ‘unintelligible muttering of a person’ (eng) |
||
*ŋayaw | ‘headhunting’ (eng) |
||
*ŋeCŋeC | ‘gnash the teeth’ (eng) |
||
*ŋerŋer | ‘growl’ (eng) |
||
*ŋesŋes | ‘to pant, be out of breath’ (eng) |
||
*ŋetŋet | ‘gnaw, nibble’ (eng) |
||
*ŋiCŋiC | ‘show annoyance or irritation’ (eng) |
||
*ŋidaw | ‘toothless’ (eng) |
||
*ŋilu | ‘painful sensation in teeth, as from eating something sour’ (eng) |
||
*ŋipen | ‘tooth’ (eng) |
||
*ŋiSŋiS | ‘beard’ (eng) |
||
*ŋitŋit | ‘gnaw’ (eng) |
||
*ŋusŋus | ‘to snore, growl, grunt’ (eng) |
||
*ŋuSuN | ‘nosebleed’ (eng) |
||
*ŋusuq | 1. ‘nasal area’ (eng) 2. ‘snout’ (eng) |
||
*ŋuSuR | ‘nasal mucus’ (eng) |
||
*-ni | 1. ‘proximal spatio-temporal deixis: this, here’ (eng) 2. ‘now’ (eng) |
||
*ni | 1. ‘genitive case marker for singular personal names and pronouns’ (eng) 2. ‘marker of possession, part-to-whole relationships, and agency of a non-actor voice verb’ (eng) |
||
*ni-a | ‘3sg. agent/possessor’ (eng) |
||
*Nibu | ‘lair, den of an animal’ (eng) |
||
*Nihib | ‘rock shelter, cave under a rock’ (eng) |
||
*ni-ia | ‘he. genitive, his, it’ (eng) |
||
*ni-ima | ‘whose?’ (eng) |
||
*nimas | ‘bailer in a canoe’ (eng) |
||
*nipen | ‘tooth’ (eng) |
||
*Nipis | ‘thinness (of materials)’ (eng) |
||
*NiSawa | 1. ‘breath’ (eng) 2. ‘to breathe’ (eng) |
||
*n-ita | 1. ‘1st pers. incl. genitive’ (eng) 2. ‘our’ (eng) |
||
*Nitaq | ‘type of soil, clay’ (eng) |
||
*Niteq | ‘sap of a tree or plant’ (eng) |
||
*Niwaŋ | ‘thinness, slenderness’ (eng) |
||
*-nu | ‘2sg possessor and non-subject agent’ (eng) |
||
*-nu | ‘marker of uncertainty’ (eng) |
||
*nu | ‘genitive case marker for common nouns (cf. *na, *ni)’ (eng) |
||
*nu | ‘if, when (in future)’ (eng) |
||
*nu- | ‘future marker with words for days’ (eng) |
||
*Nuka | ‘wound’ (eng) |
||
*nuka | ‘to make hemp yarn’ (eng) |
||
*numa | ‘how?’ (eng) |
||
*nunuh | ‘female breast’ (eng) |
||
*NuqeS | ‘bone marrow’ (eng) |
||
*Nusuŋ | ‘rice mortar’ (eng) |
||
*Nutud | ‘join two things to give added length (rope, bamboo, etc.)’ (eng) |
||
*p<in>a-kaen | ‘was fed by someone’ (eng) |
||
*p<in>anaq | ‘shoot with a bow’ (eng) |
||
*p<in>espes | ‘massage’ (eng) |
||
*p<um>anaq | ‘shoot with a bow’ (eng) |
||
*p<um>ataS | ‘to tattoo, make designs’ (eng) |
||
*p<um>ekpek | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*p<um>espes | ‘to massage’ (eng) |
||
*p<um>iliq | ‘to choose, select, pick out’ (eng) |
||
*pa | ‘still, yet, til now, first (before doing something else)’ (eng) |
||
*pa- | ‘causative prefix’ (eng) |
||
*pa-aCay | ‘kill’ (eng) |
||
*pa-aluja | ‘to paddle’ (eng) |
||
*pa-añud | ‘set a drift’ (eng) |
||
*pa-bajaq | ‘know’ (eng) |
||
*pa-beRay | ‘to give’ (eng) |
||
*paCak | ‘spotted, speckled, as the skin of an animal’ (eng) |
||
*pa-Caŋis | 1. ‘to make someone cry’ (eng) 2. ‘to let someone cry’ (eng) |
||
*p-aCay-en | ‘kill’ (eng) |
||
*pacek | 1. ‘wooden nail, dowel’ (eng) 2. ‘drive in, as a wooden nail or dowel’ (eng) |
||
*pa-daNum | ‘to irrigate’ (eng) |
||
*pa-dekeC | ‘to stick or paste on’ (eng) |
||
*padeŋ | ‘to extinguish, douse a fire’ (eng) |
||
*paen | ‘bait’ (eng) |
||
*paheku | ‘bracken, edible fern that grows by rivers: Athyrium esculentum’ (eng) |
||
*pa-hinzam | ‘lend’ (eng) |
||
*pahpah | ‘flower (?)’ (eng) |
||
*paid | ‘fan’ (eng) |
||
*pajay | 1. ‘rice in the field’ (eng) 2. ‘rice plant’ (eng) |
||
*pajiS | ‘enemy’ (eng) |
||
*pa-ka- | ‘causative of stative verbs’ (eng) |
||
*pa-kaCu | ‘to send’ (eng) |
||
*paka-duSa | ‘twice, do something twice’ (eng) |
||
*pa-kaen | ‘to feed’ (eng) |
||
*pa-kaen-en | ‘to feed, be fed’ (eng) |
||
*pa-ka-keseR | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*pa-kita | ‘to show’ (eng) |
||
*pakpak | 1. ‘to clap, flap the wings’ (eng) 2. ‘sound of clapping or flapping’ (eng) |
||
*paleCuk | ‘shoot, sound of shooting’ (eng) |
||
*pa-likaw | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*pa-likud | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*paliq | ‘internal organ, probably spleen or pancreas’ (eng) |
||
*paliSi | 1. ‘taboo, ritual purify’ (eng) 2. ‘purifying rite’ (eng) |
||
*paliSi-an | ‘taboo’ (eng) |
||
*paliSi-en | ‘taboo’ (eng) |
||
*pa-litlit | ‘to make something wind around something else’ (eng) |
||
*palu | ‘to hammer, pound, hit’ (eng) |
||
*palu-palu | ‘pound, mallet, instrument for pounding or hammering’ (eng) |
||
*panaq | 1. ‘throw something at a target’ (eng) 2. ‘shoot with bow and arrow’ (eng) |
||
*paNaw | ‘go, walk away, depart’ (eng) |
||
*paŋa | 1. ‘fork of a branch’ (eng) 2. ‘any forked structure’ (eng) 3. ‘bifurcation’ (eng) |
||
*paŋaq | ‘fork’ (eng) |
||
*paŋudaN | ‘pandanus’ (eng) |
||
*paNid | ‘wing’ (eng) |
||
*paNij | ‘wing’ (eng) |
||
*paNiŋ | ‘door’ (eng) |
||
*pa(n)tuk | ‘to knock, strike against’ (eng) |
||
*pa-p-aCay | ‘kill’ (eng) |
||
*pa-pespes | ‘to massage’ (eng) |
||
*pa-pija | ‘how many? (of people)’ (eng) |
||
*pa-pitu | ‘seven (of humans)’ (eng) |
||
*paqa | ‘thigh’ (eng) |
||
*paqeju | ‘gall, gall bladder’ (eng) |
||
*pa-qetut | ‘to fart, break wind’ (eng) |
||
*paqiC | 1. ‘hotness of taste, spiciness’ (eng) 2. ‘bitterness’ (eng) |
||
*paqpaq | ‘chew’ (eng) |
||
*pa-qudip | ‘care for, raise (an animal)’ (eng) |
||
*pa-qumah-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*pa-quzaN | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*paR- | ‘divide into x (x = numeral)’ (eng) |
||
*paRa | 1. ‘storage shelf’ (eng) 2. ‘attic, loft’ (eng) |
||
*paRaw | ‘hoarse’ (eng) |
||
*paR-enem-en | ‘do six times’ (eng) |
||
*paRiS | ‘sting’ (eng) |
||
*paR-isa-an | ‘to unite, combine in one’ (eng) |
||
*pariuk | ‘earthenware cooking pot’ (eng) |
||
*paR-Sepat-en | ‘do four times’ (eng) |
||
*paR-walu-en | ‘do eight times’ (eng) |
||
*pasaqaN | 1. ‘shoulder pole’ (eng) 2. ‘carry with a shoulder pole’ (eng) |
||
*pa-SateD | ‘send (?)’ (eng) |
||
*pasek | 1. ‘wooden nail, dowel’ (eng) 2. ‘drive in, as a wooden nail, dowel, or fencepost’ (eng) |
||
*pa-Sezam | ‘lend’ (eng) |
||
*paspas | ‘beat out, thresh’ (eng) |
||
*pasu | ‘cheek bone’ (eng) |
||
*pasuk | ‘enter’ (eng) |
||
*pa-susu | ‘give the breast to, nurse a child’ (eng) |
||
*pa-susu-en | ‘to nurse, give a child the breast (to be sucked)’ (eng) |
||
*pat-a | ‘four (in counting certain referents)’ (eng) |
||
*pataS | ‘tattoo’ (eng) |
||
*pataS-an | ‘tattoo’ (eng) |
||
*pa-tumaNa | ‘to make someone listen’ (eng) |
||
*pa-tuzuq | ‘to point out, give directions (?)’ (eng) |
||
*pa-uSa | ‘to send away’ (eng) |
||
*pa-utaq | ‘cause to vomit’ (eng) |
||
*peceq | ‘break into several large pieces’ (eng) |
||
*peCik | ‘snap, as the fingers or a slingshot’ (eng) |
||
*pedek | ‘wink, blink’ (eng) |
||
*pedel | ‘to wring out, as water from wet clothes’ (eng) |
||
*pedped | ‘press together, pack solid’ (eng) |
||
*pekpek | ‘beat, hit’ (eng) |
||
*pelus | ‘slip off’ (eng) |
||
*peñu | ‘sea turtle’ (eng) |
||
*peNuq | ‘full, of a container’ (eng) |
||
*peReq | ‘squeeze out juice, wring out water’ (eng) |
||
*peRes | ‘squeeze out juice, extract liquid by squeezing’ (eng) |
||
*perus | ‘slip or slide off’ (eng) |
||
*peSiq | 1. ‘squeeze out juice’ (eng) 2. ‘squirt out’ (eng) |
||
*pespes | ‘squeeze, massage’ (eng) |
||
*pespes-i | ‘massage (imperative)’ (eng) |
||
*pi- | ‘causative of location’ (eng) |
||
*piad | ‘dish, plate’ (eng) |
||
*piak | 1. ‘baby chick’ (eng) 2. ‘peeping of chick’ (eng) |
||
*pija pija | ‘some, several’ (eng) |
||
*pijax | 1. ‘interrogative of quantity: how much?, how many?’ (eng) 2. ‘adjective of indefinite quantity: some, several, a few’ (eng) |
||
*pijpij | ‘close together’ (eng) |
||
*pikpik | ‘sound of patting or tapping’ (eng) |
||
*piku | ‘bend, curve’ (eng) |
||
*pikuq | 1. ‘to bend, curve’ (eng) 2. ‘bent, curved’ (eng) |
||
*piliq | 1. ‘to choose, to select’ (eng) 2. ‘to pick out’ (eng) |
||
*piliq-i | ‘choose it!’ (eng) |
||
*piluk | 1. ‘crippled’ (eng) 2. ‘bent or twisted, of the leg or foot’ (eng) |
||
*piNay | ‘lame, crippled’ (eng) |
||
*pin-duSa | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*piŋi | ‘cheek’ (eng) |
||
*pipi | ‘female genitalia (child’s word?)’ (eng) |
||
*pi-pitu | ‘seven each’ (eng) |
||
*piRaS | ‘roe, eggs of fish or crustacean’ (eng) |
||
*piRaS-an | ‘laden with roe, of a fish or crustacean’ (eng) |
||
*pisel | 1. ‘pinch, squeeze’ (eng) 2. ‘knead’ (eng) |
||
*piSpiS | ‘cheeks, temples’ (eng) |
||
*pispis | ‘hair on the temples’ (eng) |
||
*pitpit | 1. ‘pinch, squeeze, press between two surfaces’ (eng) 2. ‘pluck, pick off’ (eng) |
||
*pitpit | ‘to beat, whip’ (eng) |
||
*pitpit-en | ‘pinch’ (eng) |
||
*pitu | ‘seven’ (eng) |
||
*pitu pitu | ‘seven by seven, seven at a time’ (eng) |
||
*piuk | ‘dent, dimple’ (eng) |
||
*pu- | ‘causative of motion’ (eng) |
||
*puCaq | ‘foam, froth, lather’ (eng) |
||
*pu-Caqi | ‘to defecate’ (eng) |
||
*pu-daNum | ‘to water, irrigate’ (eng) |
||
*pudu | ‘fruit of the betel pepper’ (eng) |
||
*puduN | 1. ‘ball of thread’ (eng) 2. ‘spool’ (eng) |
||
*puja | ‘navel, umbilical cord’ (eng) |
||
*pujek | ‘navel, umbilical cord’ (eng) |
||
*pukaw | ‘night-’ (eng) |
||
*puki | ‘vulva, vagina’ (eng) |
||
*pukpuk | ‘to hammer, pound, beat’ (eng) |
||
*pulu | ‘handle’ (eng) |
||
*puluC | ‘plant: *Urena lobata*’ (eng) |
||
*puluŋ | ‘collection, gathering, assembly’ (eng) |
||
*puluq | ‘group of ten’ (eng) |
||
*puna-punay | ‘greenish fruit dove’ (eng) |
||
*punay | ‘greenish fruit dove’ (eng) |
||
*pu-ŋajan | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*puŋuN | ‘bunch, cluster (of grain, fruit, areca nuts, etc.)’ (eng) |
||
*puNi | ‘whiteness’ (eng) |
||
*punti | ‘banana’ (eng) |
||
*punuq | ‘brain, marrow’ (eng) |
||
*puRuq | ‘bird, the quail’ (eng) |
||
*puSaN | ‘twice’ (eng) |
||
*puteq | ‘gummy secretion’ (eng) |
||
*putput | ‘to pluck, pull out’ (eng) |
||
*putun | ‘to break off, cut off, as a limb’ (eng) |
||
*q<in>umah | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*q<um>ajaw | ‘to shine, of the sun’ (eng) |
||
*q<um>aŋqaŋ | ‘to bark, of a dog’ (eng) |
||
*q<um>aNiC | ‘to skin an animal’ (eng) |
||
*q<um>aNup | ‘to hunt, go hunting’ (eng) |
||
*q<um>esep | ‘suck’ (eng) |
||
*q<um>etut | ‘to fart, break wind’ (eng) |
||
*(q)<um>uNah | 1. ‘to do or go first’ (eng) 2. ‘to lead’ (eng) |
||
*q<um>uzaN | 1. ‘to rain’ (eng) 2. ‘it is raining’ (eng) |
||
*qa | ‘interrogative particle’ (eng) |
||
*qa | ‘locative particle’ (eng) |
||
*qabaŋ | ‘boat, canoe’ (eng) |
||
*qabaRa | ‘shoulder’ (eng) |
||
*qabaRa-an | ‘shoulder (?)’ (eng) |
||
*qabaS | ‘notch cut in a tree’ (eng) |
||
*qabu | ‘ash, cinder, powder’ (eng) |
||
*qabu-an | ‘ash’ (eng) |
||
*qaCay | ‘liver’ (eng) |
||
*qaCeb | ‘deadfall trap to catch small mammals’ (eng) |
||
*qaCi | ‘ebb, of water in streams’ (eng) |
||
*qaCi- | ‘prefix variant of the *qali/kali- set’ (eng) |
||
*qaCipa | ‘soft-shelled turtle’ (eng) |
||
*qadiS | ‘hawk sp. ( harrier?)’ (eng) |
||
*qajaw | ‘day’ (eng) |
||
*qajiS | ‘boundary’ (eng) |
||
*qalad | ‘fence, wall’ (eng) |
||
*qaleb | ‘knee’ (eng) |
||
*qalep | ‘beckon, wave’ (eng) |
||
*qali- | ‘prefix for words with a sensitive reference to the spirit world (cf. <pwd>*kali-</pwd>)’ (eng) |
||
*qa-lima | ‘hand’ (eng) |
||
*qalima | ‘hand’ (eng) |
||
*qali-puju | ‘hair whorl’ (eng) |
||
*qali-puju-an | ‘hair whorl’ (eng) |
||
*qali-puspus | ‘whirlwind’ (eng) |
||
*qalupaR | ‘persimmon’ (eng) |
||
*qaluR | ‘current, deep channel in the middle of a river’ (eng) |
||
*qalu-Sipan | ‘centipede’ (eng) |
||
*qamiS | ‘north wind’ (eng) |
||
*qamiS-an | 1. ‘north’ (eng) 2. ‘winter’ (eng) |
||
*qaNa | 1. ‘stranger’ (eng) 2. ‘enemy’ (eng) |
||
*qaNeb | ‘close a door’ (eng) |
||
*qaNeb | ‘door’ (eng) |
||
*qaNeb-an | ‘door panel’ (eng) |
||
*qaŋeliC | ‘stench of burning substances’ (eng) |
||
*qaŋeRiS | ‘stench of spoiling fish’ (eng) |
||
*qaŋeRu | ‘stench of spoiled or souring organic matter’ (eng) |
||
*qaŋeseR | ‘stench of urine’ (eng) |
||
*qaŋeSit | ‘stench, musky odor of an animal’ (eng) |
||
*qaŋqaŋ | ‘barking of a dog’ (eng) |
||
*qa-ni | 1. ‘this’ (eng) 2. ‘here’ (eng) |
||
*qaNi | ‘weaving spindle’ (eng) |
||
*qaNi- | ‘variant of the *qali/kali- prefix’ (eng) |
||
*qani | ‘proximal deictic: this’ (eng) |
||
*qanibuŋ | ‘fruit-bearing bush or tree’ (eng) |
||
*qaNiC | ‘animal skin, hide, leather’ (eng) |
||
*qaNiCu | 1. ‘ghost, spirit of the dead’ (eng) 2. ‘owl’ (eng) |
||
*qaNi-matek | ‘jungle leech, *Haemadipsa* spp.’ (eng) |
||
*qaNi-meCaq | ‘paddy leech’ (eng) |
||
*qaNiŋu | ‘' shadow, reflection’ (eng) |
||
*qaniS | 1. ‘harvest’ (eng) 2. ‘to harvest’ (eng) |
||
*qaNuaŋ | ‘large ruminant species: carabao, water buffalo (?)’ (eng) |
||
*qañud | ‘drift on a current, carried away by flowing water’ (eng) |
||
*qaNuNaŋ | ‘tree: *Cordia dichotoma*’ (eng) |
||
*qanup | ‘to hunt wild game’ (eng) |
||
*qaNup-an | ‘hunt’ (eng) |
||
*qaNup-en | ‘hunt’ (eng) |
||
*qanus | ‘plant: *Begonia aptera* (Hay)’ (eng) |
||
*qapejux | ‘gall, gall bladder, bile’ (eng) |
||
*qapiC | ‘tongs, anything used to hold things together by pinching’ (eng) |
||
*qapid | ‘braid, twine’ (eng) |
||
*qapucuk | ‘peak of a mountain’ (eng) |
||
*qapuR | ‘lime, calcium’ (eng) |
||
*qaqay | ‘foot, leg’ (eng) |
||
*qaRaw | ‘snatch, take away by force, rob’ (eng) |
||
*qaRem | ‘pangolin, scaly anteater’ (eng) |
||
*qaReNu | ‘plant, *Phragmites* spp.’ (eng) |
||
*qaRidaŋ | ‘bean, pea (generic)’ (eng) |
||
*qaRiw | ‘dry’ (eng) |
||
*qaRsem | ‘sourness, acidity’ (eng) |
||
*qasawa | ‘spouse: husband, wife’ (eng) |
||
*qaseb | ‘smoke’ (eng) |
||
*qaSelu | ‘pestle’ (eng) |
||
*qasepa | ‘astringent’ (eng) |
||
*qasiN | ‘saltiness, salty taste’ (eng) |
||
*qasiRa | ‘salt’ (eng) |
||
*qasiRa-en | ‘salt’ (eng) |
||
*qataq | ‘eat something raw’ (eng) |
||
*qatimela | ‘flea’ (eng) |
||
*qatip | ‘part of the loom’ (eng) |
||
*qatip-an | ‘part of the loom’ (eng) |
||
*qauŋ | ‘to howl, of a dog’ (eng) |
||
*qauR | ‘bamboo sp.’ (eng) |
||
*qawqaw | ‘to bark, of a dog’ (eng) |
||
*qayam | ‘bird’ (eng) |
||
*qazi | 1. ‘no, not’ (eng) 2. ‘negator of verbs and adjectives (cf *, *, *)’ (eng) |
||
*qebel | ‘smoke’ (eng) |
||
*qeCah | ‘rice husk, rice bran’ (eng) |
||
*qeCeŋ | ‘obstruction, barrier’ (eng) |
||
*qeCeŋeN | ‘black’ (eng) |
||
*qeCqeC | ‘tight, constricted’ (eng) |
||
*qeCuR | ‘sexual arousal, sexual excitement’ (eng) |
||
*qedet | ‘press down on’ (eng) |
||
*qekuŋ | ‘owl’ (eng) |
||
*qeleC | ‘interval, intervening space’ (eng) |
||
*qelqel | ‘chew, gnaw on’ (eng) |
||
*qelud | ‘housepost, pillar’ (eng) |
||
*qemin | ‘all’ (eng) |
||
*qemqem | ‘hold in the closed mouth’ (eng) |
||
*qemu | ‘sticky rice cake’ (eng) |
||
*qenay | ‘sand’ (eng) |
||
*qeNeb | ‘spread all over’ (eng) |
||
*qeNeb | 1. ‘to close, to shut’ (eng) 2. ‘door’ (eng) |
||
*qeNuR | ‘animal trail’ (eng) |
||
*qenuR-an | ‘animal haunt, place frequented by animals’ (eng) |
||
*qepit | ‘squeeze, press between’ (eng) |
||
*qesak | 1. ‘ripe’ (eng) 2. ‘cooked’ (eng) 3. ‘ready to eat’ (eng) |
||
*qesep | ‘sip, suck’ (eng) |
||
*qesir | ‘hiss, sizzle’ (eng) |
||
*qetaq | ‘eat something raw’ (eng) |
||
*qetut | ‘fart, flatulence’ (eng) |
||
*qia | ‘confirm (probably of affirmation or confirmation)’ (eng) |
||
*qiaw | ‘animal cry’ (eng) |
||
*qiCeluR | ‘egg’ (eng) |
||
*qiCqiC | ‘nibble off, gnaw off’ (eng) |
||
*qiduS | ‘spoon, ladle’ (eng) |
||
*qidus | ‘spoon, ladle’ (eng) |
||
*qijap | 1. ‘resent, blame’ (eng) 2. ‘resentment, jealousy’ (eng) |
||
*qiluS | ‘wipe after defecating’ (eng) |
||
*qiNaS | ‘moon, month’ (eng) |
||
*qiNeb | ‘door’ (eng) |
||
*qinep | ‘lie down to sleep’ (eng) |
||
*qiNuaŋ | ‘large ruminant species’ (eng) |
||
*qipiŋ | ‘incline one's head to the side’ (eng) |
||
*qipit | 1. ‘pincer of crustaceans’ (eng) 2. ‘tongs’ (eng) 3. ‘press together, pinch, squeeze’ (eng) |
||
*qiRik | ‘thresh with the feet, as rice’ (eng) |
||
*qiSqiS | ‘to rub hard on a surface’ (eng) |
||
*qiSu | ‘shark’ (eng) |
||
*qitik | 1. ‘small, little’ (eng) 2. ‘few’ (eng) |
||
*qiuŋ | ‘natural sound’ (eng) |
||
*qiut | ‘copulate, have sexual intercourse’ (eng) |
||
*qu | ‘grammatical particle’ (eng) |
||
*quaŋ | ‘empty, vacant’ (eng) |
||
*quaŋ | ‘howl’ (eng) |
||
*quay | ‘rattan, *Calamus* sp.’ (eng) |
||
*qubaN | ‘gray hair’ (eng) |
||
*qubiS | ‘pubic hair’ (eng) |
||
*quCaN | ‘scrub-land, bush’ (eng) |
||
*qudaŋ | ‘shrimp, crayfish, lobster’ (eng) |
||
*qudaS | ‘gray hair’ (eng) |
||
*qudem | ‘dark, dull (of light or color)’ (eng) |
||
*qudip | ‘life, alive’ (eng) |
||
*qujiŋ | ‘charcoal’ (eng) |
||
*qukut | ‘hunched over, bowed (as with age)’ (eng) |
||
*qulas | ‘dewdrop’ (eng) |
||
*qulej | ‘type of small worm’ (eng) |
||
*qules | ‘clothing’ (eng) |
||
*qulu qulu | ‘head-end, upper part’ (eng) |
||
*quluh | ‘head’ (eng) |
||
*qulu-qulu | ‘tadpole, polywog’ (eng) |
||
*qumah | ‘swidden, work a swidden’ (eng) |
||
*quman | ‘repeat oneself monotonously’ (eng) |
||
*qumaŋ | ‘hermit crab’ (eng) |
||
*qumuR | ‘fill the mouth with food or water’ (eng) |
||
*(q)uNah | ‘first, before, anterior in time’ (eng) |
||
*quNuNaŋ | ‘tree with sticky fruits: *Cordia* spp.’ (eng) |
||
*quNuq | ‘beads, necklace of beads’ (eng) |
||
*qupid | ‘braid’ (eng) |
||
*qupuŋ | ‘bunch, cluster’ (eng) |
||
*quriaw | ‘noise, clamor’ (eng) |
||
*quSaw | ‘thirst’ (eng) |
||
*quSaw-an | ‘thirst’ (eng) |
||
*quSeNap | ‘fish scale’ (eng) |
||
*quSeŋeC | ‘anger, angry’ (eng) |
||
*qusiR | ‘pursuit (as of enemies or game)’ (eng) |
||
*quSuŋ | ‘edible mushroom (generic)’ (eng) |
||
*qutiN | ‘penis’ (eng) |
||
*quyaS | 1. ‘to sing’ (eng) 2. ‘song, tune, melody’ (eng) |
||
*quzaN | ‘rain’ (eng) |
||
*quzan-en | ‘rain’ (eng) |
||
*R<um>ahap | ‘to sow seeds’ (eng) |
||
*Rabi-an | ‘evening, night’ (eng) |
||
*Rabiqi | 1. ‘late afternoon, evening’ (eng) 2. ‘evening meal’ (eng) |
||
*Rabi-Rabi | ‘every night, happening every night’ (eng) |
||
*RabiS | ‘small knife’ (eng) |
||
*RabuC | ‘uproot, pull out by the roots’ (eng) |
||
*RaCus | ‘hundred’ (eng) |
||
*Rahap | ‘seeds for sowing’ (eng) |
||
*rakat | ‘walk’ (eng) |
||
*RameC | ‘root’ (eng) |
||
*Rames | ‘squeeze, knead’ (eng) |
||
*ramig | ‘cold (of weather)’ (eng) |
||
*RamiS | ‘root’ (eng) |
||
*Ra-RauS | ‘dip net’ (eng) |
||
*RaSuŋ | ‘ambush, attack from concealment’ (eng) |
||
*rauC | ‘peel rattan, bamboo’ (eng) |
||
*RauS | ‘scoop net’ (eng) |
||
*rawraw | ‘to rinse’ (eng) |
||
*Raya | ‘big, large’ (eng) |
||
*Reken | ‘coil’ (eng) |
||
*reken | ‘coil’ (eng) |
||
*ReŋeC | ‘angry, annoyed’ (eng) |
||
*reŋeC | ‘angry, annoyed’ (eng) |
||
*reŋiC | ‘grimace at pain’ (eng) |
||
*Riaq | ‘sword grass: *Imperata cylindrica*’ (eng) |
||
*RibaS | ‘demolish’ (eng) |
||
*Ribawa | 1. ‘swell’ (eng) 2. ‘swelling, tumor’ (eng) |
||
*Rimeja | ‘sword grass: *Imperata cylindrica*’ (eng) |
||
*RiNaS | ‘long feathers used for personal adornment’ (eng) |
||
*RiNaS-an | ‘male of Swinhoe’s blue pheasant’ (eng) |
||
*Rinu | ‘winnowing basket’ (eng) |
||
*RiNuk | ‘Japanese raspberry: *Rubus parvifolius* (Linn.), *Rubus taiwanianus* (Matsum.)’ (eng) |
||
*Riqek | ‘thresh grain by trampling’ (eng) |
||
*riSriS | 1. ‘hoe up weeds’ (eng) 2. ‘weed a garden’ (eng) |
||
*Ritu | ‘loquat tree and fruit: *Eriobotrya deflexa*’ (eng) |
||
*Rubu | ‘nest, lair’ (eng) |
||
*Rudaŋ | ‘old, of people’ (eng) |
||
*Rumaq | ‘house’ (eng) |
||
*RuqaNay | ‘male’ (eng) |
||
*RuSRuS | ‘to scrape smooth, to plane a surface’ (eng) |
||
*Rusuk | ‘ribcage’ (eng) |
||
*S<in>ebaN | ‘what is carried on the back’ (eng) |
||
*s<um>akay | ‘to walk’ (eng) |
||
*s<um>akut | ‘to carry, transport, move something’ (eng) |
||
*S<um>apaR | ‘unroll, spread out a mat’ (eng) |
||
*S<um>apuy | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*S<um>ateD | ‘accompany, escort’ (eng) |
||
*s<um>ebuS | ‘to hiss or steam, of water touching a fire’ (eng) |
||
*S<um>eŋad | ‘to breathe’ (eng) |
||
*s<um>epsep | ‘to suck, sip’ (eng) |
||
*S<um>eReC | ‘tighten, fasten firmly’ (eng) |
||
*S<um>eyup | ‘to blow’ (eng) |
||
*s<um>iku | 1. ‘to elbow’ (eng) 2. ‘to push or jab with the elbow’ (eng) |
||
*s<um>uksuk | ‘to enter, penetrate, pierce’ (eng) |
||
*s<um>ulud | ‘to push’ (eng) |
||
*s<um>uNaR | ‘to shine, radiate light’ (eng) |
||
*S<um>uni | ‘to chirp, to crow, to sound off (birds)’ (eng) |
||
*s<um>upay | ‘to whet, grate, sharpen’ (eng) |
||
*s<um>usu | ‘to suckle, suck at the breast’ (eng) |
||
*Sa | ‘ligature’ (eng) |
||
*Sa | ‘locative particle’ (eng) |
||
*Sa- | ‘marker of instrumental nouns’ (eng) |
||
*Sa- | ‘stative prefix’ (eng) |
||
*sa | ‘locative marker’ (eng) |
||
*sa | ‘nominative case marker for plural personal names’ (eng) |
||
*sa | ‘one (clitic form of *esa)’ (eng) |
||
*SabaN | ‘cloth used to carry a child on the back’ (eng) |
||
*SabaRat | ‘south wind (?)’ (eng) |
||
*sabay | ‘do something together with others’ (eng) |
||
*Sabij | ‘twins of the same sex’ (eng) |
||
*Sabit | ‘long cloth wrapped around body and used for carrying’ (eng) |
||
*sabsab | 1. ‘slurp up food or water, eat like a pig or dog’ (eng) 2. ‘gulp down’ (eng) |
||
*SadiRi | ‘housepost’ (eng) |
||
*Sadu | ‘many, much, plenty’ (eng) |
||
*saheNaR | ‘to shine, of the sun’ (eng) |
||
*Sajek | 1. ‘smell’ (eng) 2. ‘to smell (transitive)’ (eng) |
||
*Sajek-en | ‘to smell’ (eng) |
||
*sakal | ‘restraining device on animals’ (eng) |
||
*saka-pitu | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*sakat | ‘rise">rise, climb up’ (eng) |
||
*sakay | ‘walk’ (eng) |
||
*sakeC | ‘muntjac, barking deer’ (eng) |
||
*saksak | ‘hack, chop into pieces’ (eng) |
||
*SakuC | 1. ‘transport piecemeal’ (eng) 2. ‘tranport through repeated trips’ (eng) |
||
*sakut | ‘to carry, transport, move something’ (eng) |
||
*Salas | ‘forest, wilderness, woods’ (eng) |
||
*salaw | ‘to pour, of heavy rain’ (eng) |
||
*saleŋ | ‘pine tree, pitch pine’ (eng) |
||
*saliw | ‘buy, sell’ (eng) |
||
*Samaq | ‘plant: *Lactuca indica* Linn., and *Sonchus oleraceus* Linn.’ (eng) |
||
*samaq | ‘remnant, leftover’ (eng) |
||
*SameCi | ‘plant: *Solanum nigrum*’ (eng) |
||
*Samud | ‘plant, sesame: *Sesamum indicum*’ (eng) |
||
*samuR | 1. ‘to mix’ (eng) 2. ‘mixture’ (eng) |
||
*Sanaq | ‘river otter’ (eng) |
||
*saŋeday | ‘lean or rest on’ (eng) |
||
*saNiw | ‘whetstone’ (eng) |
||
*sapaq | ‘stream, river’ (eng) |
||
*SapaR | ‘unroll a mat, spread out a mat’ (eng) |
||
*sapaw | ‘field hut’ (eng) |
||
*sapay | ‘drape over the shoulder or from a line, as a cloth’ (eng) |
||
*Sapejiq | ‘smart’ (eng) |
||
*sapet | ‘grab with the hand, catch’ (eng) |
||
*Sapiq | ‘flattened’ (eng) |
||
*Sapit | ‘press together, press between two surfaces’ (eng) |
||
*SapSap | ‘feel, grope’ (eng) |
||
*sa-puluq | ‘ten’ (eng) |
||
*SapuSap | ‘feel, grope’ (eng) |
||
*saput | ‘to pick up with something to avoid getting dirty or burned’ (eng) |
||
*Sapuy | ‘fire’ (eng) |
||
*saqit | 1. ‘hook’ (eng) 2. ‘to hang up’ (eng) |
||
*saqsaq | ‘bamboo which has been split and flattened’ (eng) |
||
*SaRuŋ | ‘snore, groan, etc.’ (eng) |
||
*Sasak | 1. ‘ripe’ (eng) 2. ‘cooked’ (eng) |
||
*Sasaq | ‘whet, sharpen’ (eng) |
||
*Sasaq-an | ‘whetstone, grindstone’ (eng) |
||
*Sa-Sepat | ‘four (of humans)’ (eng) |
||
*sa-supay-an | ‘whetstone’ (eng) |
||
*SateD | 1. ‘accompany, escort’ (eng) 2. ‘send, return’ (eng) |
||
*SateD-an | ‘escort, accompany (imperative)’ (eng) |
||
*Sauni | ‘in a little while, momentarily, later’ (eng) |
||
*Saw | ‘question particle’ (eng) |
||
*Sawak | ‘waist, back of the waist’ (eng) |
||
*Sawiki | ‘betel nut: nut of *Areca catechu*’ (eng) |
||
*SawSaw | ‘wash, rinse’ (eng) |
||
*SayaN | ‘termite’ (eng) |
||
*SebaN | ‘carry a child with a carrying cloth’ (eng) |
||
*sebu | ‘bladder’ (eng) |
||
*SebuC | ‘pluck, pull up (as weeds)’ (eng) |
||
*sebuS | 1. ‘douse a fire, extinguish a fire with water’ (eng) 2. ‘to hiss, as water on fire’’ (eng) |
||
*sedu | ‘hiccough’ (eng) |
||
*sejep | ‘enter, penetrate’ (eng) |
||
*Sekak | ‘to crow, to caw’ (eng) |
||
*Seked | ‘stop an activity, take a break, rest’ (eng) |
||
*sekel | ‘bend, bow’ (eng) |
||
*seksek | 1. ‘to stuff, cram in’ (eng) 2. ‘crowded’ (eng) |
||
*SekuC | ‘hunched over, stoop-shouldered’ (eng) |
||
*Selem | ‘dark, dim’ (eng) |
||
*selem | 1. ‘sink, immerse oneself in water, dive into the water’ (eng) 2. ‘to set, of the sun’ (eng) |
||
*selsel | ‘insert, cram in’ (eng) |
||
*Sema | ‘tongue’ (eng) |
||
*Semay | ‘cooked rice’ (eng) |
||
*Semut | ‘smother’ (eng) |
||
*Señaw | ‘to wash’ (eng) |
||
*Seŋad | ‘to breathe’ (eng) |
||
*Seŋaw | ‘to breathe (?)’ (eng) |
||
*seŋet | ‘to sting or bite, of an insect’ (eng) |
||
*seŋseŋ | ‘cork, stopper, plug’ (eng) |
||
*Sepat | ‘four’ (eng) |
||
*Sepi | ‘dream’ (eng) |
||
*sepiq | ‘break off fruit or branches’ (eng) |
||
*sepsep | ‘sip, suck’ (eng) |
||
*sepsep-en | ‘suck’ (eng) |
||
*sequŋ | ‘horn of an animal’ (eng) |
||
*SeReC | 1. ‘to bind tightly’ (eng) 2. ‘belt’ (eng) |
||
*Sesi | ‘flesh, meat’ (eng) |
||
*Setek | ‘cut, sever, chop’ (eng) |
||
*Seyaq | 1. ‘shyness, embarrassment’ (eng) 2. ‘shame’ (eng) |
||
*Seyup | ‘blow’ (eng) |
||
*Seyup-an | ‘blow’ (eng) |
||
*Sezam | ‘borrow, lend’ (eng) |
||
*Si- | ‘origin’ (eng) |
||
*Si- | ‘to wear, put on clothes, etc.’ (eng) |
||
*Si- | ‘verbal prefix marking instrumental or benefactive voice’ (eng) |
||
*si | ‘nominative case marker for singular personal names or kin terms used as personal names’ (eng) |
||
*si amax | ‘father (ref.)’ (eng) |
||
*si ia | ‘3sg. personal pronoun: he, she, it’ (eng) |
||
*si ia | 1. ‘demonstrative pronoun and adverb: this, here’ (eng) 2. ‘that, there’ (eng) |
||
*siap | ‘chick’ (eng) |
||
*sibu | ‘urine’ (eng) |
||
*Sidi | ‘Formosan serow, mountain goat’ (eng) |
||
*sidu | ‘spoon, ladle’ (eng) |
||
*sihikay | ‘maggot’ (eng) |
||
*si-ima | ‘who?’ (eng) |
||
*Sijap | ‘broom’ (eng) |
||
*Sika- | ‘prefix for ordinal numbers’ (eng) |
||
*Sikad | 1. ‘ashamed’ (eng) 2. ‘shy’ (eng) |
||
*Sika-duSa | ‘second’ (eng) |
||
*Si-kaen | ‘eat’ (eng) |
||
*Sika-lima | ‘fifth (ordinal numeral)’ (eng) |
||
*Sikam | ‘mat’ (eng) |
||
*Sikan | ‘fish’ (eng) |
||
*Sika-pitu | ‘seven’ (eng) |
||
*Sika-puluq | ‘ten’ (eng) |
||
*Sika-Siwa | ‘ninth’ (eng) |
||
*Sika-telu | ‘third’ (eng) |
||
*Siket | ‘tie, bind, attach to by tying’ (eng) |
||
*sikux | ‘elbow’ (eng) |
||
*Si-lahud | ‘wind from the sea (?)’ (eng) |
||
*silaq | ‘split’ (eng) |
||
*SimaR | ‘grease, oil, fat’ (eng) |
||
*Simu | ‘2p pronoun: you’ (eng) |
||
*Sin- | ‘verb prefix’ (eng) |
||
*Sina | ‘plant: *Erechtites* spp.’ (eng) |
||
*siNaR | ‘sun’ (eng) |
||
*Siñaw | ‘to wash’ (eng) |
||
*Siñaw-an | ‘wash’ (eng) |
||
*Siŋus | ‘sniff, sniffle (as with a runny nose)’ (eng) |
||
*SiNuq | ‘beads, necklace’ (eng) |
||
*SipaR | ‘opposite side (esp. of a river)’ (eng) |
||
*Sipes | ‘cockroach’ (eng) |
||
*Sipi | ‘dream’ (eng) |
||
*sipiŋ | ‘supernumerary, as an extra finger or toe’ (eng) |
||
*sipit | 1. ‘tongs, pincers, claw of a crab or lobster’ (eng) 2. ‘to pinch or squeeze’ (eng) |
||
*sipsip | ‘sip, suck’ (eng) |
||
*SipuR | ‘to count’ (eng) |
||
*siRa | ‘yesterday’ (eng) |
||
*SiRup | ‘sip, as soup or rice wine from a bowl’ (eng) |
||
*siRup | ‘to sip, as through a straw’ (eng) |
||
*SiSiN | ‘omen bird: *Alcippe* spp.’ (eng) |
||
*Siwa | ‘nine’ (eng) |
||
*siwaq | ‘fissure, split in something’ (eng) |
||
*Siwid | ‘slant’ (eng) |
||
*siwsiw | 1. ‘to cheep’ (eng) 2. ‘baby chick’ (eng) |
||
*Su- | ‘take off, remove (+ noun)’ (eng) |
||
*su | ‘nominative case marker for common nouns’ (eng) |
||
*Suab | ‘yawn’ (eng) |
||
*Suaji | ‘younger sibling’ (eng) |
||
*Suaji-an | ‘called or regarded as siblings (?)’ (eng) |
||
*Suaw | ‘yawn’ (eng) |
||
*suiq | ‘bird: the sandpiper (?)’ (eng) |
||
*suked | 1. ‘prop, support’ (eng) 2. ‘to prop up or support’ (eng) |
||
*suksuk | 1. ‘pierce, penetrate’ (eng) 2. ‘insert’ (eng) |
||
*sukud | ‘walking stick, cane, staff’ (eng) |
||
*SulaR | ‘snake’ (eng) |
||
*Sulem | ‘dim’ (eng) |
||
*suleN | ‘insert, plug’ (eng) |
||
*suli | ‘to reverse, turn around’ (eng) |
||
*Sulij | ‘lie or sleep next to’ (eng) |
||
*SulSul | ‘to masturbate’ (eng) |
||
*sulud | ‘push’ (eng) |
||
*SuluR | ‘lower or let down, as on a rope’ (eng) |
||
*suNaR | ‘light, radiance’ (eng) |
||
*suŋa | ‘do wrong, do in reverse’ (eng) |
||
*Suni | ‘chirp’ (eng) |
||
*SuNus | ‘withdraw, pull out, extract’ (eng) |
||
*supay | ‘whet’ (eng) |
||
*Supiq | ‘plant shoot’ (eng) |
||
*supsup | ‘sip, suck’ (eng) |
||
*suqaR | ‘thorn’ (eng) |
||
*SuqSuq | ‘drip or drain out’ (eng) |
||
*suquN | ‘carry on the head’ (eng) |
||
*SuRas | ‘wash body parts, cooking or eating utensils (but not clothes)’ (eng) |
||
*SuRay | 1. ‘to pass, of time’ (eng) 2. ‘to pass time idly’ (eng) |
||
*SuReNa | ‘snow’ (eng) |
||
*SuRSuR | 1. ‘draw string’ (eng) 2. ‘to thread a drawstring’ (eng) |
||
*suRuq | ‘to call on a person to do something’ (eng) |
||
*SuRut | ‘pull, draw’ (eng) |
||
*SuRut-en | ‘pull’ (eng) |
||
*susu | 1. ‘female breast’ (eng) 2. ‘udder’ (eng) |
||
*susuN | ‘to stack up’ (eng) |
||
*SuSuq | ‘drip or drain out’ (eng) |
||
*Suyeʔab | ‘to yawn’ (eng) |
||
*Suʔu | ‘2sg. agent/possessor’ (eng) |
||
*t<in>aNek | ‘boiled foods other than rice?’ (eng) |
||
*t<in>ektek | ‘was chopped up’ (eng) |
||
*t<in>enun | 1. ‘was woven by someone’ (eng) 2. ‘what was woven’ (eng) |
||
*t<in>enun-an | ‘woven cloth’ (eng) |
||
*t<in>uduq | ‘drip’ (eng) |
||
*t<um>aNek | ‘to cook anything but rice’ (eng) |
||
*t<um>anem | ‘to plant’ (eng) |
||
*t<um>aRah | ‘to wait’ (eng) |
||
*t<um>aRaq | ‘to adze wood, hew wood with an adze’ (eng) |
||
*t<um>azem | ‘sharp’ (eng) |
||
*t<um>ebek | ‘to pierce, to stab’ (eng) |
||
*t<um>enun | ‘to weave’ (eng) |
||
*t<um>iktik | ‘to tattoo someone’ (eng) |
||
*t<um>imaNa | ‘to hear, listen’ (eng) |
||
*t<um>uba | ‘to stun fish with plant poison’ (eng) |
||
*t<um>ukad | ‘to climb, as a mountain or steps’ (eng) |
||
*t<um>umaNa | ‘to hear, listen’ (eng) |
||
*t<um>uzuq | ‘to point at, point out, lecture or instruct, give advice’ (eng) |
||
*t<um>əktək | ‘to chop, hack, cut off’ (eng) |
||
*-ta | ‘1pl. incl. genitive suffix’ (eng) |
||
*ta- | ‘1pl. incl. nominative and hortative pronoun’ (eng) |
||
*ta-amax | ‘father (ref.)’ (eng) |
||
*tabaN | ‘head trophy, trophy taken in headhunting (?)’ (eng) |
||
*tabi | ‘plough’ (eng) |
||
*tabtab | 1. ‘slurp up food or water’ (eng) 2. ‘eat like a pig or dog’ (eng) 3. ‘gulp down’ (eng) |
||
*tabukul | ‘casting net for fishing’ (eng) |
||
*tadaw | ‘kind of large knife’ (eng) |
||
*tageRaŋ | ‘ribcage’ (eng) |
||
*ta-ina | ‘mother (ref.)’ (eng) |
||
*taina | ‘female, of animals’ (eng) |
||
*takep | ‘to lay something on top of another’ (eng) |
||
*takes | 1. ‘to wrap around’ (eng) 2. ‘embrace, hug’ (eng) |
||
*takis | ‘sword’ (eng) |
||
*taktak | ‘clatter, clack’ (eng) |
||
*taktak | 1. ‘to fall, of many things at once’ (eng) 2. ‘to dislodge the contents of a container by knocking it against something’ (eng) |
||
*taku | 1. ‘dipper, scoop’ (eng) 2. ‘to scoop, ladle up’ (eng) |
||
*takut | ‘fear’ (eng) |
||
*talaw | 1. ‘fear, fearful’ (eng) 2. ‘coward’ (eng) |
||
*taliuk | ‘turn, go around’ (eng) |
||
*tama | 1. ‘appropriate, suitable, right’ (eng) 2. ‘fit together’ (eng) 3. ‘hit the mark’ (eng) |
||
*tamtam | ‘smack the lips’ (eng) |
||
*tamuhuŋ | ‘hat, head covering’ (eng) |
||
*taNah | ‘red’ (eng) |
||
*tañam | ‘try, taste’ (eng) |
||
*tanaq | ‘plant: *Aralia decaisneana* (Hance)’ (eng) |
||
*taNaS | 1. ‘village’ (eng) 2. ‘place of residence’ (eng) |
||
*tanayan | ‘bamboo sp.’ (eng) |
||
*taNek | ‘to cook anything but rice’ (eng) |
||
*taNek-en | ‘cook’ (eng) |
||
*tanem-an | ‘area that is planted(?)’ (eng) |
||
*taŋa | ‘to open’ (eng) |
||
*taNiud | ‘mulberry tree and fruit: *Morus formosensis* (Hotta)’ (eng) |
||
*tapeS | ‘winnow’ (eng) |
||
*tapeS-i | ‘to winnow’ (eng) |
||
*tapis | ‘loincloth (?)’ (eng) |
||
*tapun | ‘gather, assemble’ (eng) |
||
*tapus | ‘end, complete, finish’ (eng) |
||
*taqan | 1. ‘snare trap’ (eng) 2. ‘set a snare trap’ (eng) |
||
*taR- | ‘prefix marking spontaneous or involuntary action’ (eng) |
||
*taRah | ‘to wait’ (eng) |
||
*taRaq | ‘hewing with an adze’ (eng) |
||
*taRaq-i | ‘Adze it!, Hew it!’ (eng) |
||
*ta(R)kes | ‘wrap around, encircle’ (eng) |
||
*taRuqan | 1. ‘field hut’ (eng) 2. ‘temporary shelter used when working for extended periods in fields far from the village’ (eng) |
||
*tastas | ‘sever, cut through, rip out stitches’ (eng) |
||
*tata | ‘collateral consanguine of the first ascending generation’ (eng) |
||
*tatak | ‘hoe’ (eng) |
||
*ta-telu | ‘three (of humans)’ (eng) |
||
*ta-tenun-an | ‘loom’ (eng) |
||
*tebaS | ‘to cut, clear vegetation’ (eng) |
||
*tebek | ‘pierce, stab’ (eng) |
||
*tebteb | ‘to cut’ (eng) |
||
*tebuS | ‘sugarcane: *Saccharum officinarum*’ (eng) |
||
*teda | ‘leftover, remainder’ (eng) |
||
*teguŋ | ‘to boom, sound">resound’ (eng) |
||
*tekep | 1. ‘cover’ (eng) 2. ‘to cover with a flat surface’ (eng) |
||
*tekiq | 1. ‘high-pitched sound’ (eng) 2. ‘chirp of a gecko’ (eng) |
||
*tektek | ‘chopping to pieces, cutting up, as meat or vegetables’ (eng) |
||
*tektek | ‘gecko, house lizard (onom.)’ (eng) |
||
*tektek-en | 1. ‘chopped into pieces, be minced, as meat or vegetables’ (eng) 2. ‘what is chopped up or minced’ (eng) |
||
*tekuŋ | ‘to rap, knock, make a booming sound’ (eng) |
||
*telu | ‘three’ (eng) |
||
*teneb | ‘to immerse, put under water’ (eng) |
||
*teñeb | ‘submerge’ (eng) |
||
*tenem | ‘sea, ocean’ (eng) |
||
*teŋiC | ‘grimace at pain’ (eng) |
||
*teŋteŋ | ‘drone, droning tone’ (eng) |
||
*tenun | ‘to weave ( cloth)’ (eng) |
||
*tenun-an | ‘loom’ (eng) |
||
*tenun-en | ‘woven by someone’ (eng) |
||
*tepeŋ | ‘to measure quantities, as amounts of grain’ (eng) |
||
*tepik | ‘pat, light slap’ (eng) |
||
*tepuk | ‘hit, sound of hitting, clapping, thumping’ (eng) |
||
*teRebeS | ‘tree: *Zelkova Formosana*’ (eng) |
||
*teRteR | ‘to tremble, shiver’ (eng) |
||
*terter | ‘shiver, tremble’ (eng) |
||
*ti | 1. ‘1p deixis and spatial reference: this’ (eng) 2. ‘here’ (eng) |
||
*tiaN | ‘abdomen, belly’ (eng) |
||
*tibuk | ‘pound, throb’ (eng) |
||
*tik | ‘sound of tapping or flicking (of finger, small implement, etc.) against something’ (eng) |
||
*tikel | ‘bend’ (eng) |
||
*tiktik | ‘to tap, strike lightly on a hard surface’ (eng) |
||
*tiktik | ‘to tattoo’ (eng) |
||
*tikuRas | ‘bird: the Formosan bamboo partridge’ (eng) |
||
*timaNa | ‘to hear, listen’ (eng) |
||
*timij | ‘chin, jaw’ (eng) |
||
*timu | ‘salt’ (eng) |
||
*timuR | ‘south or east wind’ (eng) |
||
*timuRmuR | ‘rinse the mouth’ (eng) |
||
*timus | ‘salt’ (eng) |
||
*tinun | ‘to weave cloth’ (eng) |
||
*ti-pitu | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*tiR(e)peS | ‘spittle’ (eng) |
||
*tirtir | ‘shiver, tremble’ (eng) |
||
*titik | ‘to beat on something loudly’ (eng) |
||
*titu | 1. ‘puppy’ (eng) 2. ‘young animal in general?’ (eng) |
||
*tubah | ‘plant with roots that are pounded and put in rivers to stun fish: *Derris elliptica*’ (eng) |
||
*tudiŋ | ‘to point out’ (eng) |
||
*tuduq | 1. ‘to leak, drip, as a leaky roof’ (eng) 2. ‘drop of water’ (eng) |
||
*tuduq-an | ‘to drip’ (eng) |
||
*tuduq-en | ‘to drip’ (eng) |
||
*tuduR | ‘to sleep’ (eng) |
||
*tuduS | ‘knee’ (eng) |
||
*tuiq | ‘bird sp.’ (eng) |
||
*tukad | 1. ‘sloping upward’ (eng) 2. ‘to climb a mountain’ (eng) |
||
*tuked | ‘prop, support’ (eng) |
||
*tuktuk | 1. ‘beak of a bird’ (eng) 2. ‘to peck’ (eng) |
||
*tuktuk | 1. ‘to knock, pound, beat’ (eng) 2. ‘crush’ (eng) |
||
*tuktuk | ‘top, summit, crown’ (eng) |
||
*tuku | ‘prop, post’ (eng) |
||
*tukud | ‘prop, support’ (eng) |
||
*tukul | ‘to sprout, begin to grow’ (eng) |
||
*tulani | ‘bamboo nose flute’ (eng) |
||
*tumaNa | ‘to hear, listen’ (eng) |
||
*tuNa | ‘freshwater eel’ (eng) |
||
*tunuh-an | ‘to roast’ (eng) |
||
*tuqaS | 1. ‘old, of people’ (eng) 2. ‘primary forest, old forest’ (eng) |
||
*tuqaS tuqaS | ‘old’ (eng) |
||
*tuqed | 1. ‘tree stump’ (eng) 2. ‘stubble’ (eng) |
||
*tuqtuq | ‘to hammer, pound, crush’ (eng) |
||
*tuquN | ‘evergreen tree, probably *Acacia confusa*’ (eng) |
||
*turis | ‘scratch a line, make a long shallow cut’ (eng) |
||
*tuRtuR | ‘resonant sound’ (eng) |
||
*tuRukuk | ‘chicken’ (eng) |
||
*tusuk | ‘pierce, skewer or string together’ (eng) |
||
*tutuh | ‘beat, pound, bump, thump’ (eng) |
||
*tutur | ‘cooing of a dove’ (eng) |
||
*tutut | ‘sparrow or similar bird’ (eng) |
||
*tuzuq | 1. ‘to point at, point out’ (eng) 2. ‘give directions’ (eng) |
||
*tuzuq-en | ‘point’ (eng) |
||
*ua | ‘exclamation of surprise, etc.’ (eng) |
||
*ubuC | ‘pluck, pull out’ (eng) |
||
*udu | ‘grass’ (eng) |
||
*ujuŋ | ‘nose’ (eng) |
||
*uka | ‘negative existential: there is none’ (eng) |
||
*ulaŋ | ‘repeat, do again’ (eng) |
||
*ulaw | ‘confusion, perplexity’ (eng) |
||
*um-adaS | ‘bring’ (eng) |
||
*um-ai | ‘to come’ (eng) |
||
*um-ala | ‘to fetch, get, take’ (eng) |
||
*um-alaq | ‘fetch, get, take’ (eng) |
||
*umaN | ‘again’ (eng) |
||
*um-aŋay | ‘to leave, depart (?)’ (eng) |
||
*um-aRi | ‘to come’ (eng) |
||
*umaS | ‘to pickle, preserve meat or fish’ (eng) |
||
*um-imah | ‘to drink’ (eng) |
||
*umuR | ‘hold in the mouth’ (eng) |
||
*um-uSa | ‘to go, to walk’ (eng) |
||
*um-utaq | ‘to vomit’ (eng) |
||
*uNay | ‘sliver, splinter, foreign body embedded in the flesh’ (eng) |
||
*uŋay | ‘ritually sacrificed monkey?’ (eng) |
||
*uNuq | ‘beads, necklace’ (eng) |
||
*upup | ‘bullfrog’ (eng) |
||
*uReŋ | ‘horn of an animal’ (eng) |
||
*uSa | ‘go’ (eng) |
||
*u-Siwa | ‘nine (of things?)’ (eng) |
||
*utan | ‘taro variety’ (eng) |
||
*utaq | ‘vomit’ (eng) |
||
*utaq-an | ‘vomit (imperative)’ (eng) |
||
*utaq-en | ‘vomit’ (eng) |
||
*waCaN | ‘deep pool or pond’ (eng) |
||
*waCa-waCaN | ‘small pond(?)’ (eng) |
||
*-wadaŋ | ‘collarbone, clavicle’ (eng) |
||
*wakwak | 1. ‘bird sp.’ (eng) 2. ‘to caw, crow’ (eng) |
||
*walay | ‘thread’ (eng) |
||
*walu | ‘eight’ (eng) |
||
*waNan | ‘right ( side, hand, direction)’ (eng) |
||
*wanaN | ‘right ( side, hand, direction)’ (eng) |
||
*waNiS | ‘tusk of wild boar’ (eng) |
||
*waNiS-an | ‘wild boar’ (eng) |
||
*waNu | ‘honeybee’ (eng) |
||
*waqay | ‘foot, leg’ (eng) |
||
*waqit | 1. ‘barb, point’ (eng) 2. ‘canine tooth?’ (eng) |
||
*waray | ‘to separate, as two people’ (eng) |
||
*waRi | 1. ‘day’ (eng) 2. ‘sun’ (eng) 3. ‘dry in the sun’ (eng) |
||
*-waRwaR | ‘rainbow’ (eng) |
||
*waSaw | ‘leaf’ (eng) |
||
*watawat | ‘wave, flutter (as a flag)’ (eng) |
||
*wa-walu | ‘eight (of humans)’ (eng) |
||
*wili | ‘return, come back’ (eng) |
||
*wiŋawiŋ | ‘wag, shake, move repeatedly from side to side’ (eng) |
||
*wiRi | ‘left side or direction’ (eng) |
||
*witiwit | ‘wag, swing from side to side’ (eng) |
||
*ya | ‘nominative case marker for singular common nouns’ (eng) |
||
*zalan | 1. ‘path, made by a human as opposed to an animal’ (eng) 2. ‘way or means to do something’ (eng) |
||
*zalan-an | ‘passage way, place where one has walked’ (eng) |
||
*zalan-zalan | ‘small path or trail’ (eng) |
||
*za(ŋ)kuC | ‘grab, grasp, seize’ (eng) |
||
*zaRami | ‘rice straw’ (eng) |
||
*zaRem | ‘needle’ (eng) |
||
*zaRum | ‘needle’ (eng) |
||
*zawa | ‘millet sp.: *Setaria italica* (?)’ (eng) |
||
*za-zalan | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng) |
||
*zekzek | ‘to tread, trample on’ (eng) |
||
*zulu | ‘earlier, in advance’ (eng) |