OUTOFPAPUA database: Lexicons of the West Papuan language area

Reesink (2002b): Sougb

Original citation: Reesink, Ger P. 2002. A Grammar Sketch of Sougb. In Ger P. Reesink (ed.), Languages of the Eastern Bird's Head, 181-276. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.

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Headword IPA Glosses
aa

‘question particle’

a-a-

‘instrumental’

ab-ab-

‘2SG possessive prefix’

abaaba

‘husband's father, daughter's husband’

abaaba

‘just, still, yet’

acecacec

‘around’

acgecimacɡecim

‘wound up’

acgeijacɡeiɟ

‘to request’

acgunogacɡunoɡ

‘to happen’

agaaɡa

‘body’

agacinaɡacin

‘to wrap’

agarougbaɡarouɡb

‘short’

agasaɡas

‘long, tall’

agauaɡau

‘unripe’

agceicaɡceic

‘to ask’

agonaaɡona

‘elder brother (ego is male)’

agtoaɡto

‘younger brother (ego is male)’

ahaaha

‘to look after, to raise (animals)’

-ahan-ahan

‘to cut (grass)’

ahauahau

‘afraid’

ahauwaahauwa

‘fear’

aigaaiɡa

‘to cross’

aihiroaihiro

‘to put s.t. to dry in the sun’

aimoaimo

‘to follow’

ainesaines

‘visible’

aingmoaiŋmo

‘get into (canoe, car)’

-aires-aires

‘eye’

aisaaisa

‘when (referring to past events)’

aisebaaiseba

‘when (referring to future events)’

aitait

‘to burn’

akeinaakeina

‘father, daddy’

am-am-

‘1DU exclusive possessive prefix’

amaniamani

‘1DU exclusive personal pronoun’

amaninamanin

‘1DU exclusive reflexive pronoun, 1DU exclusive emphatic pronoun pronoun’

amuhunloamuhunlo

‘to lie on one's belly’

-an-an

‘possessive suffix’

anan

‘with respect to, concerning, about’

an-an-

‘1DU inclusive possessive prefix’

anaianai

‘because’

anaraanara

‘with respect to what’

ang

‘Anggi (name of lake)’

araara

‘what, something’

araututarautut

‘to teach’

are mes mohuare mes mohu

‘nasal mucus’

arebaareba

‘sick’

aregareɡ

‘relative clause marker’

aregwaareɡwa

‘poison’

aremougbaremouɡb

‘goods’

aretaret

‘food’

argesarɡes

‘to leave’

argoufuarɡouɸu

‘money’

ariari

‘week’

arjagaarɟaɡa

‘weak’

arougbarouɡb

‘to push, to command, to order’

aroulerarouler

‘brideprice’

arsesarses

‘to disturb’

asesaasesa

‘true’

-at-at

‘to eat’

atgeicatɡeic

‘strong’

atouatou

‘to sleep, lie down’

atroatro

‘to throw down forcefully’

atugatuɡ

‘comb’

audaud

‘to, towards’

augwanauɡwan

‘all’

augwoauɡwo

‘freely’

auloaulo

‘to continue’

auwohoauwoho

‘to accuse (falsely)’

awaawa

‘grandmother’

awcirawcir

‘butterfly’

ayserajser

‘crocodile’

b-b-

‘2SG’

b-b-

‘resultative prefix’

baba

‘bird’

banban

‘you (SG)’

banibani

‘2SG personal pronoun’

baninbanin

‘2SG reflexive pronoun, 2SG emphatic pronoun’

Bei merbei mer

‘Indonesian language’

beinbein

‘foreign’

bemehibemehi

‘hawk’

besabesa

‘bird of paradise’

bogoboɡo

‘sky, heaven’

bogometkoboɡometko

‘cloth (kind of)’

bomjougbbomɟouɡb

‘Timor people’

Bomjouh merbomɟouh mer

‘language of Timor’

bormeibormei

‘table, platform’

bougwenabouɡwena

‘fly (insect)’

Brandabranda

‘Holland’

brimogobrimoɡo

‘gun’

bumabuma

‘not yet’

cabecabe

‘day after tomorrow’

cemagacemaɡa

‘brains’

cicircicir

‘to sleep, sleepy’

cicirebe-cicirebe-

‘sleepy’

cimobicimobi

‘three days from now’

cinogocinoɡo

‘ground, land, place’

cugbcuɡb

‘connecting beam in house’

cugubicuɡubi

‘three days ago’

cumcum

‘shortly, in a while, later’

d-d-

‘1SG, CONNECTIVE’

dagdaɡ

‘like’

dagaidaɡai

‘introduces a quote’

dagirodaɡiro

‘how’

damehitodamehito

‘younger sister’

damowadamowa

‘elder sister’

dangadaŋa

‘thus, so that’

danidani

‘1SG personal pronoun’

danindanin

‘1SG reflexive pronoun, 1SG emphatic pronoun’

daradara

‘with, and’

daudau

‘from’

dauntobadauntoba

‘in order that’

daurodauro

‘from where’

debdeb

‘to keep, to hold onto’

deb dododeb dodo

‘kind of inheritance, something that one can keep or that stays’

debimbindebimbin

‘all the time’

debindebin

‘altogether’

debindebin

‘payback’

debindebin

‘solid, firm’

decicijideciciɟi

‘slowly’

dedemedadedemeda

‘fast, quickly’

degigouhdeɡiɡouh

‘very well’

deiddeid

‘again’

deinyomdeinjom

‘enough’

depdep

‘on top’

deseinodeseino

‘opposite’

diaradiara

‘net’

digirodiɡiro

‘towards where’

dobadoba

‘but’

dobnarodobnaro

‘but not’

docdoc

‘front’

doc eigo andoc eiɡo an

‘to like’

doc meidoc mei

‘liver’

doc mocdoc moc

‘to forget’

dohudohu

‘water’

doudou

‘for, to’

dougwodouɡwo

‘to block off’

dousdous

‘only’

dukurijebe-dukuriɟebe-

‘cold’

ebeb

‘to cry’

eb-eb-

‘to do’

eb debineb debin

‘to believe, to have faith’

ebaeba

‘do, affect’

ebebaebeba

‘daughter-in-law’

ebehiberaebehibera

‘wide’

ebehitoebehito

‘sister's child, grandchild’

ebeijebeiɟ

‘until’

ebesebes

‘nose’

ebetbetebetbet

‘to explain’

ebreraebrera

‘to fall (of leaves)’

ècèc

‘to pick, to walk, to speak’

écéc

‘to light’

écéc

‘to peel, to open’

écéc

‘to sneeze’

ec misisec misis

‘to close (door)’

ecguecɡu

‘bad’

ecicecic

‘to tell (a story), to count, to read, to talk’

ecijeciɟ

‘to return’

ecinagaecinaɡa

‘to know’

ecincuwaecincuwa

‘thin’

edaeda

‘to go’

edeiyaedeija

‘to visit’

edeskwesiedeskwesi

‘slippery’

-edgi-edɡi

‘left’

ediedi

‘throw’

ed-imed-im

‘enemied with’

ediseicediseic

‘envious’

edrekedrek

‘to surpass’

egipeɡip

‘unmarried male, unmarried man’

ehiehi

‘to fell, to cut down’

ehironehiron

‘to search’

ehisaiehisai

‘to live’

eiceic

‘take’

eiceic

‘to use’

eic doueic dou

‘to give’

eic gomomeic ɡomom

‘to kill, to give death’

eic moseic mos

‘courageous’

eicaeica

‘to hit, hit by, to touch something’

eiceeice

‘to satisfy’

eice-eice-

‘satisfied (with food)’

eigouheiɡouh

‘good’

eigtoueiɡtou

‘to sit’

eigtou dougwoeiɡtou douɡwo

‘to comfort’

eigtou emateitijeroeiɡtou emateitiɟero

‘impatient’

eihweihw

‘away’

eihwe digeihwe diɡ

‘to move (home)’

eihwedaeihweda

‘to go away, to leave’

eijaeiɟa

‘to call’

eijoheiɟoh

‘light’

eikneieiknei

‘thin’

eiktoreiktor

‘to lean against’

eimimaneimiman

‘amazed’

einanaeinana

‘many’

einegeineɡ

‘to turn’

einesaeinesa

‘to enter’

einortoeinorto

‘near’

eisaeisa

‘to get up’

eisaugbeisauɡb

‘to ascend’

eititoginieititoɡini

‘now, nowadays’

eiyaeija

‘to see’

eiya garijeija ɡariɟ

‘to ask for help’

-ek-ek

‘to drink’

ekekaekeka

‘to groan’

ekrisekris

‘to tear (paper)’

em-em-

‘IRREALIS, 1PL exclusive possessive prefix’

emaugbwanemauɡbwan

‘we all (exclusive)’

emenemen

‘we (exclusive)’

emeniemeni

‘1PL exclusive personal pronoun’

emeninemenin

‘1PL exclusive reflexive pronoun, 1PL exclusive emphatic pronoun’

emtretaemtreta

‘cold’

enen

‘say’

enggesrougweŋɡesrouɡw

‘to make a feast’

enieni

‘3SG personal pronoun’

enihaeniha

‘under, underneath’

eninenin

‘3SG reflexive pronoun, 3SG emphatic pronoun’

ensens

‘to show, to reveal’

eraera

‘or’

erbaerba

‘to throw’

erbacecerbacec

‘to surround’

ereierei

‘to deceive’

erijeriɟ

‘pain’

erleicerleic

‘zest, industrious’

eroero

‘not’

eroheroh

‘dry (of clothes)’

-es-es

‘hole, inside’

eses

‘to plant, to shoot’

esaesa

‘to send’

esaesa

‘to stand’

esa dougwoesa douɡwo

‘to protect, to guard’

esaraesara

‘to fight’

esijesiɟ

‘near’

esijesiɟ

‘to hit’

esinsenesinsen

‘to repair (fence, bridge, car)’

esinsinesinsin

‘to construct’

eskrahaeskraha

‘clear’

eskwaeskwa

‘to jump’

esrougbesrouɡb

‘warm, hot’

esrougbesrouɡb

‘wedding feast’

esulo(u)esulo(u)

‘to give advice’

-et-et

‘to eat’

etatahaetataha

‘to ruin’

-etkwa-etkwa

‘to cut, to cut up’

etugbetuɡb

‘deaf’

eya dougwoeja douɡwo

‘to check’

g-ɡ-

‘NOMINALISER’

gabaɡaba

‘north’

gacɡac

‘south’

gadaɡada

‘west, up’

gahaniɡahani

‘red’

gaihɡaih

‘east, down there, towards the east’

gamoɡamo

‘four days ago’

garaɡara

‘who’

gedigɡediɡ

‘that’

geniɡeni

‘this, here’

gibecaɡibeca

‘day before yesterday’

gihidaɡihida

‘female, woman’

gijiɡiɟi

‘male’

giyaɡija

‘yesterday’

godehɡodeh

‘child’

gojiɡoɟi

‘large’

gomomnaɡomomna

‘law’

gorougbɡorouɡb

‘heart’

gouwedocɡouwedoc

‘last one’

gragaɡraɡa

‘one just now’

grebɡreb

‘recent’

grongɡroŋ

‘which’

gugwaɡuɡwa

‘very’

gureitoɡureito

‘few, little’

gusɡus

‘other’

habihabi

‘then, after, first’

hang(ga)haŋ(ɡa)

‘so’

hiberahibera

‘wide’

hinogohinoɡo

‘snake’

hobhob

‘already’

hobuhobu

‘pig’

hoguhoɡu

‘four’

homhom

‘one’

homoihomoi

‘three’

hop-jer-aihop-ɟer-ai

‘twelve’

hop-jer-emhop-ɟer-em

‘eleven’

hop-jer-oguhop-ɟer-oɡu

‘fourteen’

hop-jer-omoihop-ɟer-omoi

‘thirteen’

hosahosa

‘how much, how many’

hoseihosei

‘fish’

hugahanihuɡahani

‘type of cloth that is a more precious trading cloth than kain timur

hwaihwai

‘two’

hwejhweɟ

‘pig’

-idgo-idɡo

‘back, behind’

igbegenaiɡbeɡena

‘elder brother (female ego)’

igdeiɡde

‘sun’

igdobiɡdob

‘unmarried female, virgin’

ihiihi

‘child, offspring, leaf’

ihi gihidaihi ɡihida

‘daughter, brother's child’

ihi gijiihi ɡiɟi

‘son, brother's child’

ihidaihida

‘daughter’

ij

‘canoe’

ijiiɟi

‘sugarcane’

ijiraiɟira

‘about’

Ijom meriɟom mer

‘Hatam language’

ikdebesikdebes

‘shame’

ikdebirikdebir

‘plate’

iktiaiktia

‘front of house’

-im-im

‘reciprocal suffix’

imim

‘mother, mother's sister, father's sister’

imaima

‘other’

imbaimba

‘mother-in-law’

-in-in

‘DIRECTIONAL’

-ina-ina

‘shadow, reflection’

inaina

‘father, father's brother’

ind-ind-

‘1SG possessive prefix’

indeicindeic

‘true’

indinaindina

‘shadow, reflection’

inggaiŋɡa

‘that, this one which’

ingmaiŋma

‘some’

inomdainomda

‘lightning’

inyomusinjomus

‘bow’

-ir-ir

‘PL’

-ir-ir

‘voice, sound, speech, language’

-irgo-irɡo

‘face’

irgo meiirɡo mei

‘neck’

iriririr

‘opposite’

irs meiirs mei

‘jaw’

-is-is

‘arse’

-isen-isen

‘right, true’

isiisi

‘son’

ititoginiititoɡini

‘now’

jemeitoɟemeito

‘younger brother (female ego)’

jemowaɟemowa

‘grandfather’

kabakaba

‘then’

katakatakatakata

‘words’

keitakeita

‘axe’

keptakepta

‘machete’

ketmeiketmei

‘knife’

kitkit

‘female’

l-l-

‘3PL’

lanilani

‘3DU personal pronoun’

laninlanin

‘3DU reflexive pronoun, 3DU emphatic pronoun’

legaleɡa

‘fence’

legidaleɡida

‘women’

lenlen

‘they’

lenileni

‘3PL personal pronoun’

leninlenin

‘3PL reflexive pronoun, 3PL emphatic pronoun’

li-li-

‘PL prefix’

ligijiliɡiɟi

‘men’

likbumlikbum

‘other person’

limogolimoɡo

‘beads, necklace’

lolo

‘garden, ground, world, environment’

lobaloba

‘night’

logodehloɡodeh

‘children’

lohoslohos

‘warm day’

lonalona

‘day’

lone hogulone hoɡu

‘four days from now’

lonehibilonehibi

‘tomorrow’

lonemenlonemen

‘morning’

lonoglonoɡ

‘firm ground’

loslos

‘rain’

losoglosoɡ

‘afternoon’

lotnalotna

‘quiet’

lusudlusud

‘people’

magarougbmaɡarouɡb

‘to look for’

maj-maɟ-

‘2DU possessive prefix’

majanmaɟan

‘your (DU)’

mam-mam-

‘1PL inclusive possessive prefix’

mamanimamani

‘1PL inclusive personal pronoun’

mamaninmamanin

‘1PL inclusive reflexive pronoun, 1PL inclusive emphatic pronoun’

Manukwarmanukwar

‘Manokwari’

mar-mar-

‘3DU possessive prefix’

marijmariɟ

‘breast’

maroungmenamarouŋmena

‘maroungmena’

me-me-

‘3SG prefix’

meberamebera

‘coast’

mecicip keb taibamecicip keb taiba

‘eyebrow’

mecicip keb tainyamecicip keb tainja

‘eyelash’

medagammedaɡam

‘big’

medocmedoc

‘in front of’

medoc meimedoc mei

‘liver’

meigomeiɡo

‘vulva’

meijouhudameiɟouhuda

‘descendants’

meijouhwmeiɟouhw

‘meaning, custom, function’

meiyomeijo

‘under’

mej-meɟ-

‘2PL possessive prefix’

mejenmeɟen

‘your (PL)’

menmen

‘mountain’

mena mogmogmena moɡmoɡ

‘evil spirit’

menaumenau

‘new’

meneisameneisa

‘deep’

mer-mer-

‘3PL possessive prefix’

meramera

‘price’

mera eisaugbmera eisauɡb

‘expensive’

Merayumeraju

‘Malay’

mericebe-mericebe-

‘thirsty’

metbometbo

‘shallow’

meyahmejah

‘very’

mihmih

‘dog’

mincminc

‘cloth’

minc duhuminc duhu

‘cloth type that is more expensive type of kain timur

misismisis

‘door’

modmod

‘top’

modimodi

‘hair’

mògmòɡ

‘cup’

mògmòɡ

‘meat, flesh’

mógmóɡ

‘thorn, sharp (point)’

mogomoɡo

‘drop’

mogutmoɡut

‘empty’

mohonmohon

‘old, long time ago’

mohopmohop

‘claw’

mohorbedamohorbeda

‘knee’

mohumohu

‘liquid’

mohu-mohumohu-mohu

‘wet’

monggamoŋɡa

‘that one, (it) is there’

monggabamoŋɡaba

‘that one (to the north)’

monggacmoŋɡac

‘that one (to the south)’

monggadamoŋɡada

‘that one (up, to the west)’

monggaihmoŋɡaih

‘that one (down, to the east)’

monggenimoŋɡeni

‘this one, (it) is here’

monggromoŋɡro

‘which one’

Morei mermorei mer

‘Borai (Mansim) language’

mose-hwaimose-hwai

‘twenty’

mos-hogumos-hoɡu

‘forty’

mos-homoimos-homoi

‘thirty’

Moskonamoskona

‘Moskona’

mosmosmosmos

‘rough (of surface)’

mos-senggaimos-seŋɡai

‘seventy’

mos-senggemmos-seŋɡem

‘sixty’

mos-senggogumos-seŋɡoɡu

‘ninety’

mos-senggomoimos-seŋɡomoi

‘eighty’

mos-sergemmos-serɡem

‘fifty’

moumou

‘thoughts’

mougbmouɡb

‘industrious’

mougbmouɡb

‘to shine’

mougreitomouɡreito

‘small’

mougtmouɡt

‘head, leader’

musebe-musebe-

‘to have a cold’

nana

‘soul’

namcirnamcir

‘very, extremely’

nananinanani

‘1DU inclusive personal pronoun’

nananinnananin

‘1DU inclusive reflexive pronoun, 1DU inclusive emphatic pronoun’

naronaro

‘not’

naugbnauɡb

‘for, in order to’

naugwaranauɡwara

‘for what (why)’

ngaŋa

‘that’

nosanosa

‘past, earlier, first, before’

nuhw(a)nuhw(a)

‘stomach’

-o-o

‘INDICATIVE, CITATION’

obogougboboɡouɡb

‘tear (cloth), torn’

obohoukougbobohoukouɡb

‘torn’

obohubaobohuba

‘to laugh’

obrugbobruɡb

‘break (glass, other brittle stuff)’

ococ

‘heart’

ococ

‘to wear sarong, to tie thatch’

oc momsoc moms

‘to listen’

ocogneiocoɡnei

‘to hide (s t., s o.)’

odod

‘to fold (cloth)’

od na debod na deb

‘to hope’

odoodo

‘to carry (in hand)’

ogdocoɡdoc

‘according’

ogmacrooɡmacro

‘to spy’

ogooɡo

‘to cook’

ogodoɡod

‘to hit’

ogomoɡom

‘heavy’

ogoroɡor

‘black’

ogoufuoɡouɸu

‘white’

oguoɡu

‘to write’

ohoh

‘to fly’

ohoh

‘to pay’

ohooho

‘name’

ohomaohoma

‘to pull out weeds’

ohoraohora

‘leg’

ohuohu

‘liquid’

ohutohut

‘weave’

ohweiohwei

‘to desire’

okdocokdoc

‘to stop’

okeniokeni

‘but’

oktaokta

‘blunt’

omomomom

‘to die’

omomtomomomtom

‘wrinkled’

opop

‘to put’

-os-os

‘to hold’

os douos dou

‘to promise’

oslosloosloslo

‘to feel, to rub’

otkototkot

‘to demolish’

oto gotooto ɡoto

‘to refuse’

ouou

‘to wear, to greet’

ouciouci

‘to gather (s t.), to collect’

oudesaoudesa

‘to think, to guess’

oufoouɸo

‘to buy a bride, to trade’

oufoouɸo

‘to close (door, wall)’

oufoouɸo

‘to whistle, to sing’

ouforohoouɸoroho

‘intelligent, wise’

ouforohoouɸoroho

‘smart’

oufuouɸu

‘between’

ougbouɡb

‘to run, to flee’

ougwanouɡwan

‘to cook’

ougwoouɡwo

‘corner’

ouhdaouhda

‘to run away’

ouhwouhw

‘to trade, to sell’

oukdauoukdau

‘to move from’

oumaouma

‘to buy, to pay’

oumanouman

‘to hear’

oumeremaoumerema

‘thick’

ounoun

‘to press’

ousous

‘break (stick, arm)’

ousaousa

‘to help’

ousa deisaousa deisa

‘to agree’

outout

‘build’

ouwanouwan

‘to want, to desire’

ouw(e)ouw(e)

‘finished, to finish’

ouwginouwɡin

‘to run hither’

owadaowada

‘to descend’

pakpak

‘mister’

-r-r

‘PL (human nouns)’

ragaraɡa

‘just’

-ro-ro

‘intensifying suffix’

-s-s

‘CERTAINTY’

sabokusaboku

‘tobacco’

Sana mersana mer

‘Meyah language’

sansunsansun

‘clothes’

sese

‘at, to, into, in’

senggaiseŋɡai

‘seven’

senggemseŋɡem

‘six’

senggoguseŋɡoɡu

‘nine’

senggomoiseŋɡomoi

‘eight’

sergemserɡem

‘five’

setansetan

‘middle’

sisi

‘friend’

sijosiɟo

‘thanks’

sirsir

‘hunger, famine’

sirasira

‘hand’

sirebe-sirebe-

‘hungry’

sisasisa

‘ten’

sisen-homsisen-hom

‘eleven’

sisen-hwaisisen-hwai

‘twelve’

smougbsmouɡb

‘fire’

sogosoɡo

‘wood, tree’

sogougbsoɡouɡb

‘servant, slave’

sogougb mehisoɡouɡb mehi

‘servant’

sohomougbsohomouɡb

‘rich’

sohougbsohouɡb

‘to adopt a child’

soramasorama

‘fifteen’

sorama-hop-jer-ai-namasorama-hop-ɟer-ai-nama

‘seventeen’

sorama-hop-jer-em-namasorama-hop-ɟer-em-nama

‘sixteen’

sorama-hop-jer-ogu-namasorama-hop-ɟer-oɡu-nama

‘nineteen’

sorama-hop-jer-omoi-namasorama-hop-ɟer-omoi-nama

‘eighteen’

Sougbsouɡb

‘Sougb language group’

Sougb mersouɡb mer

‘Sougb language’

sowasowa

‘wife’

srasra

‘arm, hand’

susu

‘bee’

sudsud

‘oldest, person’

sude-homsude-hom

‘twenty’

sudgasudɡa

‘raincape’

sugsuɡ

‘at, if, when’

sugirosuɡiro

‘at where’

suwasuwa

‘husband’

swgidaswɡida

‘woman’

taibataiba

‘top, above’

tainyatainja

‘below’

tatebitatebi

‘shortly’

tebeitebei

‘star’

terimdaterimda

‘continue, long’

terimderoterimdero

‘not long’

touatoua

‘also’

tramtram

‘corn’

tutu

‘house’

uu

‘mind, thought’

uaua

‘behaviour’

ucinaucina

‘road’

ucinohonucinohon

‘old cloth’

ucugbucuɡb

‘to return, again’

uf

‘thatch’

-ug-uɡ

‘classifier for counting humans or higher animals’

ug

‘body (self), flesh’

ugwodiuɡwodi

‘cuscus’

uhubauhuba

‘husband's sister, brother's wife (female-in-law of same sex)’

umauma

‘husband's brother, sister's husband (male possessor), brother's wife, wife's sister (female posessor)’

umsums

‘ear’

ums mesums mes

‘inside of ear’

unun

‘loincloth’

unouno

‘mother's brother’

untun homuntun hom

‘hundred’

untun sisauntun sisa

‘thousand’

-us-us

‘skin’

usus

‘relative’

usbausba

‘sister's husband, wife's brother (male-in-law of same sex)’

utuhutuh

‘intact’

y-j-

‘2PL’

yaja

‘yes’

yanijani

‘2DU personal pronoun’

yaninjanin

‘2DU reflexive pronoun, 2DU emphatic pronoun’

yenijeni

‘2PL personal pronoun’

yeninjenin

‘2PL reflexive pronoun, 2DU emphatic pronoun’