Source entries: Blust & Trussel (2019b)

Blust & Trussel (2019b): Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Original citation: Blust, Robert and Stephen Trussel. 2019. Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition. URL: www.trussel2.com/ACD

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Headword	IPA	Glosses
*<um>		‘verbal infix marking actor voice for intransitive verbs, and of inchoatives’
*-a		‘3sg. object’
*a		‘article’
*a		‘conjunction: and’
*a		‘exclamation, interjection’
*abaŋ		1. ‘ambush, block the way’ 2. ‘obstacle, hindrance’
*abaw		‘high, lofty’
*abuqaŋ		‘beetle’
*abus		‘ash’
*abut		‘pull up, root up’
*adamay		‘plant: Pipturus argenteus’
*adani		‘near’
*a-di		‘that, there’
*aduq		‘exclamation of pain, distress, etc.’
*a-epat		‘four (of humans)’
*agu		‘and, also’
*ajan		‘name’
*akak		‘cackling laughter’
*akaR		‘root’
*akerahaq		‘cry of a monkey’
*alali		‘halibut, sole, flounder’
*alem		‘dark, night’
*aliq		‘move, change place’
*aluluŋ		‘to howl, of dogs’
*aluŋ		‘shade, shadow’
*aluten		1. ‘burning brand’ 2. ‘charred or smoldering wood’
*ama-i		‘father (voc.)’
*amá-ŋ		‘father (voc.)’
*ama-q		‘father (voc.)’
*ambak		‘stamp or smack against’
*ambit		‘seize with the hands’
*ampaw		‘empty husk (of rice, etc.)’
*ampu		‘grandparent/ grandchild (reciprocal)’
*ampun		‘pardon, forgiveness’
*anaduq		‘long (of objects)’
*anak		1. ‘child, offspring’ 2. ‘son, daughter’ 3. ‘brother's child (man speaking), sister's child (woman speaking)’ 4. ‘young animal or plant’ 5. ‘young’ 6. ‘small (for its kind)’ 7. ‘dependent or component part of something larger’ 8. ‘native, resident, inhabitant’ 9. ‘interest on a loan’
*anak a ma-iRaq		‘neonate (lit. 'red child')’
*anak a qulu		‘first-born, eldest child (lit. 'head child')’
*anak apij		‘twin’
*anak bahi, anak babahi, anak binahi		‘wife-taking lineage’
*anak buaq		‘relative (?)’
*anak i banua		‘fellow villager, fellow community-member’
*anak i batu		‘small stones, gravel’
*anak i kahiw		‘young tree, sprout’
*anak i lesuŋ		‘rice pestle’
*anak i lima		‘little finger, pinkie’
*anak i manuk		‘chick, baby chicken’
*anak i mata		‘pupil of the eye’
*anak i panaq		‘arrow’
*anak i qaRta		‘slave (?)’
*anak i sumpit		‘blowpipe dart’
*anak i tau		‘someone else's child’
*anak ma-Ruqanay, anak (la)laki		‘wife-giving lineage’
*anak nu mata		‘pupil of the eye (‘child of the eye’)’
*añam		‘plait (mats, baskets, etc.)’
*an-anak		‘child’
*anduŋ		‘ancestors’
*añem		‘plait, braid’
*aŋaq		‘open the mouth wide’
*aŋ(e)lem		‘stench’
*a(ŋ)kit		‘bite’
*aŋkub		‘cover’
*aŋkup		1. ‘scoop up with both hands’ 2. ‘double handful’
*aniŋal		‘echo’
*anipa		‘large snake sp.’
*a-nu		‘thing whose name is unknown, avoided, or cannot be remembered: what?’
*a-nu-ku		‘my unnamed thing: mine’
*añuliŋ		‘fruit-bearing plant: Pisonia umbellifera’
*a-nu-mu		‘your unnamed thing: yours’
*a-nu-ni a		‘his/her unnamed thing: his/hers’
*apa		‘what?’
*apa apa		1. ‘something’ 2. ‘anything’ 3. ‘everything’
*apa-i		‘what? which?’
*apeled		1. ‘taste of unripe banana’ 2. ‘slightly bitter or astringent taste’
*apuk		‘dust’
*apuŋ		‘float’
*apuŋ apuŋ		‘float’
*apuni		‘tree fern’
*aRak		1. ‘walk single-file’ 2. ‘positioned one behind the other’
*aren		‘class="findlink" href="acd-ak n htm#nobility">nobility, member of the chiefly class’
*aResam		‘kind of fern’
*aRuhu		‘shore tree: Casuarina equisetifolia’
*asat		‘dry out, become dry’
*asu		‘fetch water, scoop up water’
*asuk		‘smoke, soot’
*asuŋ		‘incite, spur to action’
*atab		‘cover’
*ataŋ		‘cross’
*atas		‘high, tall’
*atay		‘death’
*atel		‘itch, itchy’
*aten		‘1p plural absolute possessive pronoun: ours (incl.)’
*ati		‘negative marker’
*atip		‘pinch together’
*a-tu		1. ‘away, outward, forward, onward’ 2. ‘towards the hearer’
*atu		‘away from speaker’
*aw		‘question particle’
*awaŋ		‘atmosphere, space between earth and sky’
*away		‘beckon with the hand’
*aya		‘father’s sister, father’s sister’s husband’
*ayuŋ		‘swing, sway, rock’
*b<in>etik		‘tattoo’
*ba		1. ‘conjunction: or, if’ 2. ‘perhaps’ 3. ‘because’
*ba		‘interjection or exclamation’
*ba		‘preposition: at, on, in, to’
*ba		‘under, below’
*ba-b<in>ahi		1. ‘woman’ 2. ‘female’
*baba		1. ‘carry a person pick-a-back’ 2. ‘ride pick-a-back’
*baba		‘father’
*baban		‘group, company, collection, swarm’
*babaq		1. ‘lower surface, bottom’ 2. ‘short, low’ 3. ‘below, beneath, under’
*babaw		‘to weed (a garden, etc.)’
*babuy banua		‘domesticated pig’
*babuy halas		‘wild pig’
*babuy lebu		‘domesticated pig’
*badas		‘grit, coarse sand, gravel’
*badiq		‘dagger’
*bagal		‘overgrown, clumsy, sluggish’
*bageqaŋ		‘molar tooth’
*bahaq		1. ‘flood’ 2. ‘to overflow, be in flood’
*bahaq		‘mouth’
*bahaR		‘loincloth’
*bahaw		1. ‘cold, of leftover food’ 2. ‘leftovers from a meal’
*bahay		‘hairy vine: Pueraria hirsuta’
*bahi		1. ‘female, woman, wife’ 2. ‘female of animals’
*bahu		‘odor, stench’
*bahuq		1. ‘odor’ 2. ‘stench’
*bajaq		1. ‘tell, inform’ 2. ‘ask, inquire’
*bak		‘clap! smack!’
*bak		‘negative marker’
*baka		‘conjunction: despite, nonetheless’
*bakaq		‘spread apart, split’
*bakas		‘loosen, undo, untie’
*bakas		‘swift, strong, energetic, fast’
*bakbak		1. ‘peel off, of skin’ 2. ‘remove the bark of a tree’
*bakes		‘belt, anything that encircles tightly’
*baku		‘scab, crust’
*bakuŋ		‘kind of pandanus’
*bala		‘pen, enclosure for domesticated animals’
*bala		‘whatever, whichever’
*balabaw		‘rat, mouse’
*balabuR		‘blurred, of vision’
*balalatuk		‘bird, the woodpecker’
*balan		‘scratch or wale on the skin’
*balaŋ		‘scar’
*balaR		‘pale, unnaturally white’
*balar		‘scratch or wale on the skin’
*balay		‘public building, community house, guest house’
*bales		‘to complete, perfect something’
*bali		‘lie, deception’
*bali		‘reverse, turn around’
*balija		‘weaver's sword ( lath used to beat in and tighten the woof)’
*baliji		‘kind of grass’
*balik		‘reverse, turn around’
*baliq		‘fracture, break’
*baliw		1. ‘change, exchange’ 2. ‘repeat, return’ 3. ‘again’
*baliw		1. ‘cluster (b) == repay, return in kind’ 2. ‘retaliate, take revenge (hence: to equalize a loss or debt)’
*baliw		1. ‘dual division, moiety == cluster (a) answer, oppose, opposite side or part’ 2. ‘partner, friend, enemy’
*baliw		‘mourn’
*balizi		‘kind of grass’
*balu		‘plant yielding useful fibers: Thespesia populnea’
*balu		‘rice pestle’
*balu		‘some, some more’
*balu		‘widow(er)’
*baluj		‘dove: probably Ducula spp.’
*baluk		‘sail’
*baluk		‘to sell’
*balun		1. ‘bind, bundle, wrap in cloth’ 2. ‘death shroud’ 3. ‘cloth(ing)’
*balunuR		‘tree with edible fruit, and medicinal uses, probably Buchanania arborescens’
*baluq		‘mourn the dead’
*balut		‘mix’
*banah		‘husband’
*banaqaR		‘radiance, as of rising sun’
*banaR		‘thorny vine: Smilax spp.’
*banaRu		‘Indian tulip tree: Thespesia populnea’
*banaw		‘thorny vine: Smilax spp.’
*bañaw		‘wash the hands’
*bandaŋan		‘goat hair decoration on a spear or staff’
*baŋa		‘wide open’
*baŋbaŋ		1. ‘butterfly, moth’ 2. ‘butterfly fish’
*baŋbaŋ		1. ‘cavity, pit, den’ 2. ‘to excavate a pit’
*baŋbaŋ		‘fish sp.’
*baŋehih		‘fragrant’
*baŋelih		‘tusk, canine tooth’
*baŋ(e)qeR		‘rotten smell, stench (as of stagnant water)’
*baŋ(e)qes		‘unpleasant smell’
*baŋi		‘bait’
*baŋi		‘cook over a fire’
*baŋkal		‘tree: Nauclea sp.’
*baŋkaq		‘boat’
*ba(ŋ)kuq		‘curve’
*baŋun		1. ‘wake someone, rouse someone from sleep’ 2. ‘erect something, put something in an upright position’
*bantiŋ		‘fling down, dash against’
*bantun		‘pull up, as out of a pit or out of water’
*banua		‘inhabited land, territory supporting the life of a community’
*baqagi		1. ‘share, inherit, inheritance’ 2. ‘to allot, divide property’
*baqak		‘split, break off’
*baqas		‘split lengthwise’
*baqbaq		1. ‘mouth, opening’ 2. ‘speak, say’
*baqeRu		1. ‘new, fresh’ 2. ‘recent(ly)’ 3. ‘youth, bachelor’ 4. ‘beautiful, in one's prime’
*baquR		‘trigger of a tension-set trap’
*baRa		‘hand, arm’
*baRa		‘pen, enclosure for domesticated animals’
*bara		‘pen, enclosure for domesticated animals’
*bara		‘support beams in a house’
*barabara		‘support beams in a house’
*baRah		‘ember’
*baRah hapuy		‘ember, glowing coal’
*baran		‘mollusk sp.’
*baraŋ		‘indefinite’
*baRani		1. ‘hero, war-leader’ 2. ‘dare to do’
*baraq		‘disaster’
*barbar		‘spread out, unfurl’
*baReqaŋ		‘molar tooth’
*barik		‘striped, streaked’
*baRiw		‘beginning to spoil, tainted (of food left uneaten too long)’
*baRu		‘small shore tree: Hibiscus tiliaceus’
*baruk		1. ‘fungus that grows on the sugar palm’ 2. ‘tinder’
*baseq		1. ‘wet’ 2. ‘wash clothes’
*batad		‘millet or sorghum sp. (unident.)’
*bataŋ		1. ‘tree trunk, fallen tree, log’ 2. ‘stem of a plant’ 3. ‘body’ 4. ‘corpse’ 5. ‘self’ 6. ‘bridge of the nose’ 7. ‘most important or preeminent thing’ 8. ‘main course of a river’ 9. ‘mushroom or bracket fungus that grows on tree trunks or decaying logs’
*batek		‘mottled design, as of a tattoo’
*batik		‘grasshopper’
*batu		‘kidney’
*batu		1. ‘stone’ 2. ‘testicle’ 3. ‘kind of banana’ 4. ‘numeral classifier for teeth (?)’
*batu hapuy		‘flint stone’
*batu-batu		‘stony, gravel’
*batuk		‘cough’
*batuk		‘skull’
*batuR		‘to plait, weave (as mats, baskets)’
*bauR		‘trigger on spring trap’
*bawbaw		‘upper surface, top, above’
*bayaD		‘pay’
*bayuR		‘tree: Pterospermum sp.’
*bebak		‘slap, beat on’
*becik		‘spatter, fly out in all directions’
*becit		‘squeeze, squirt out’
*bejbej		‘wind around’
*beka		‘split, crack open’
*bekaq		‘split, crack open’
*bekas		‘trace, track, mark, print (as footprint)’
*bekbek		1. ‘fine particles, powder which results from pounding grains, etc.’ 2. ‘pulverize grains’
*bekelaj		1. ‘spread out, unroll (mats, etc.), open out, unfold (as the hand)’ 2. ‘wide’
*bekug		‘curved, bent’
*bekuk		‘curved, bent’
*bekul		‘curved, bent’
*bekul		‘snail’
*bekut		1. ‘to bend over, bend down (of a person)’ 2. ‘hunchbacked’
*belak		‘crack, split open (as the stomach of a fish)’
*belaŋ		‘bamboo sp.’
*belaŋ		‘spotted, dappled’
*belat		‘division, partition, intervening space’
*belat		‘fish corral’
*belbel		1. ‘dull, blunt’ 2. ‘blocked, plugged’ 3. ‘stupid’
*belbel		‘hydropoesia, bodily swelling caused by water retention’
*beli		1. ‘value, price’ 2. ‘marriage prestations, brideprice’ 3. ‘purchase’
*beliq		1. ‘no, not’ 2. ‘vetative marker: don't!’
*beliq		‘to lie, tell a lie’
*belit		‘twist around’
*belit		‘viscous, sticky’
*beluk		‘bend’
*bena		1. ‘lower part of a river’ 2. ‘tidal bore’
*beñan		‘to sneeze’
*bendul		‘swelling of the body’
*bener		‘true, righteous, honest’
*beŋa		‘open the mouth’
*beŋaŋ		‘disconcert, confuse’
*beŋaŋ		1. ‘gape, open the mouth wide’ 2. ‘dazzled, amazed’
*beŋaŋ		‘open, spacious’
*beŋap		‘surprised, amazed’
*beŋaq		‘open the mouth’
*beŋat		1. ‘split, torn’ 2. ‘opening or water passage between two capes of land’
*beŋbeŋ		‘butterfly’
*beŋbeŋ		‘overcrowd’
*beŋel		‘deaf’
*beŋi		‘fragrance, pleasant odor or smell’
*beŋis		‘angry, quarrelsome’
*beŋis		‘grin widely, showing the teeth’
*beŋit		‘cry out, as in pain or fear’
*beŋkak		‘swell, increase in size’
*be(ŋ)kaŋ		‘spread apart, as the legs, or an unbent fishhook’
*be(ŋ)kaR		1. ‘to open, as a fist’ 2. ‘to blossom, of flowers’ 3. ‘split open, break up, dismantle, demolish’
*beŋkas		‘untie, undo’
*beŋkuŋ		‘bent, curve, arch’
*beŋkuq		‘bend, curve’
*beŋuŋ		‘humming sound’
*bentas		‘hack a passage through vegetation, blaze a trail’
*benteŋ		‘extended, stretched taut, put under tension’
*bentuk		‘curve’
*be(n)tuR		1. ‘glutted, sated’ 2. ‘swollen (of the belly)’
*be(n)tur		1. ‘glutted, sated’ 2. ‘swollen (of the belly)’
*benut		‘fibrous husk of coconut’
*benut		‘pull out, extract’
*beqbeq		‘mouth’
*ber		‘onomatopoetic for sound of fluttering, flying’
*beraŋ		‘width, extent across’
*beRas		1. ‘rice between harvesting and cooking’ 2. ‘husked rice’
*beRay		1. ‘give, present gifts to’ 2. ‘gift’
*berber		‘flutter, flap, sound of rapid wingbeats’
*berber		‘shiver, tremble’
*beReŋ		‘deep grunt or groan’
*beReqat		1. ‘weight, heaviness, weightiness’ 2. ‘difficult’ 3. ‘pregnant’
*beRkes		1. ‘bundle (as of firewood)’ 2. ‘package’
*beRŋi		‘night’
*beRŋi beRŋi		‘night’
*beRŋi-na		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*beRsay		1. ‘canoe paddle’ 2. ‘paddle a canoe’
*be(R)tas		‘tear, rip open (as cloth or stitches), snap (as string)’
*beRtek		‘thorn, spur, barb’
*besaq		‘wet, wash’
*besbes		‘sound of whirring or whizzing’
*besek		‘crowded’
*besiq		‘split open, burst under pressure’
*beta		‘chop down’
*betak		‘split, cleave’
*betaq		‘burst, split open’
*betaw		‘sister (man speaking)’
*betbet		‘beat, thrash’
*betek		‘spur or spine on an animal’
*betem		‘millet sp., probably foxtail millet: Setaria italica’
*beteŋ		‘millet sp., probably foxtail millet: Setaria italica’
*betik		‘tattoo’
*betiq		‘vulva, vagina’
*betu		‘appear, come into view’
*betu		‘callus, blister’
*betu		1. ‘explode’ 2. ‘explosion (as of a volcano)’
*betuŋ		‘boom’
*betus		‘burst open, as an overfilled sack’
*bezak		‘step, tread, stamp on’
*biaR		‘intestinal worm’
*biat		‘draw a bow to its full extent’’
*bibi		‘bivalve mollusk sp., lucine clam’
*bibiR		‘lower lip’
*bicik		‘splash, spatter, splatter’
*bidak		‘open, of the eyes’
*bidiŋ		‘side, edge’
*bikaq		‘open forcibly, force apart (as the eyelids with the fingers)’
*bikaq		‘split’
*bikuq		‘bend, curve’
*bikut		‘hunched over’
*bila		‘calabash tree: Crescentia spp.’
*bilaj		‘spread out in the sun to dry’
*bilak		‘shine, glitter’
*bilat		‘open the eyes wide’
*bilat		‘scar’
*bileR		‘cataract of the eye’
*bili		‘value, price’
*bilik		‘room’
*bilikuŋ		‘bend, curve’
*biliŋ		‘turn, revolve’
*bilit		‘intertwine (as strands in making rope)’
*bilu-bilu		‘large marine fish, the jackfish or trevally’
*biluk		1. ‘to wind, curve, turn to the side’ 2. ‘to tack, sail into the wind’
*binaŋa		‘mouth of a river, estuary’
*binaR		‘flash of light’
*binehiq		‘seed set aside for the next planting (esp. rice)’
*biŋaq		‘kind of volute shell’
*biŋis		‘bare the teeth’
*biŋkal		‘lump or chunk of material’
*biŋkas		‘undo, untie, spring a trap’
*biŋku		1. ‘coil, curve, bend, fold’ 2. ‘to coil, to curve, to bend, to fold’
*biŋkuk		‘curved, bent’
*biŋkuŋ		1. ‘implement with curved blade: adze’ 2. ‘hammerhead shark’
*binit		‘carry dangling from the fingertips’
*binit		‘to carry’
*bintiŋ		‘carry between two or more persons’
*bintiq		‘calf-kicking contest’
*biqak		‘split’
*biqaŋ		‘to split’
*biRaq		‘semen, smegma’
*biRaq		1. ‘wild taro, elephant's ear or itching taro, Alocasia spp.’ 2. ‘sexual itch’
*biRas		‘semen, smegma’
*biras		‘scar’
*birat		‘scar’
*birbir		‘rim, edge, border’
*biReŋ		‘dark hue, possibly dark red’
*biRiŋ		‘dark hue, possibly dark red’
*biriŋ		‘side, edge’
*birit		‘buttocks’
*birit		‘to tear, rip’
*biRu		‘fan palm: Licuala Rumphii’
*bisbis		‘sprinkle water on something’
*biseq		1. ‘wet’ 2. ‘wash the anus after defecating’
*biseqak		‘to split’
*bisul		‘boil, abscess’
*bitak		‘break, split’
*bitaquR		‘shore tree: Calophyllum inophyllum’
*bitas		‘tear, rip’
*bitbit		1. ‘pull at body part’ 2. ‘hold something dangling from the fingers’
*bities		1. ‘lower leg (below the knee)’ 2. ‘calf of the leg’
*bitik		1. ‘snare, noose trap’ 2. ‘spring up suddenly, jerk up (as a fishing line or noose trap)’
*bitil		1. ‘hungry’ 2. ‘starve’
*bitiq		1. ‘small’ 2. ‘few’
*bituka		1. ‘stomach’ 2. ‘large intestine’
*bituŋ		‘bamboo sp.’
*bituqen pitu		‘Pleiades (= 'seven stars')’
*bituqin		‘star’
*bual		‘gush or bubble up, of spring water’
*buaq		1. ‘fruit’ 2. ‘areca palm and nut’ 3. ‘grain’ 4. ‘berry’ 5. ‘seed’ 6. ‘nut’ 7. ‘endosperm of a sprouting coconut’ 8. ‘kidney’ 9. ‘heart’ 10. ‘finger’ 11. ‘calf of the leg’ 12. ‘testicle’ 13. ‘various insects’ 14. ‘scar tissue’ 15. ‘roe’ 16. ‘bud’ 17. ‘flower’ 18. ‘blossom’ 19. ‘bear fruit’ 20. ‘words, speech, or songs’ 21. ‘meaning, contents of discussion’ 22. ‘numeral classifier for roundish objects’ 23. ‘buttock’ 24. ‘Adam's apple’ 25. ‘nipple of the breast’ 26. ‘button’ 27. ‘marble’ 28. ‘tattooing’
*buaq buaq		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*buaq na batu		‘round stone (?)’
*buaq ni bities		‘calf of the leg’
*buaq ni kahiw		‘fruit (of a tree)’
*buaq ni lima		‘finger (lit. ' fruit of the hand')’
*buaq ni qatay		1. ‘heart (figurative)’ 2. ‘term of endearment’
*buat		‘harvest fruits’
*buat		‘like, similar to, resemble’
*buay		‘legumes, beans’
*bubu		‘fontanelle’
*bu-bulu		‘betel pepper: Piper betle’
*bubun		1. ‘fontanelle’ 2. ‘crown of the head’
*bubun		1. ‘well, cistern’ 2. ‘spring’
*bubuŋ		1. ‘ridge of the roof’ 2. ‘ridge of a mountain, peak’ 3. ‘deck of a boat’ 4. ‘cover the ridgepole with thatch’
*bubuŋ		1. ‘well, cistern’ 2. ‘spring’
*bubuŋ-an		1. ‘roof’ 2. ‘ridge of the roof’
*bubuŋ-en		1. ‘roof’ 2. ‘ridge of the roof’
*bubuq		‘increase, growth’
*bubuR		‘tall forest tree which emits an unpleasant odor: Sterculia foetida’
*budaq		‘foam, bubbles, lather, scum, froth’
*budaq		‘immerse, dip in water’
*budaq		1. ‘unnaturally white’ 2. ‘albino’
*budbud		‘sprinkle seed, sow seed in dibble holes’
*budu		‘tip, extremity’
*buhat		1. ‘do, make, create, perform’ 2. ‘to work’ 3. ‘to wager: deed’ 4. ‘thing’ 5. ‘creation’ 6. ‘behavior, conduct, performance’ 7. ‘work’ 8. ‘bet’ 9. ‘because, on account of, through the action of’ 10. ‘need, use for something’ 11. ‘necessary’ 12. ‘for (benefactive)’
*buhat		1. ‘to lift, stand up, arise, emerge, begin, depart, carry’ 2. ‘cargo’ 3. ‘take something’ 4. ‘take a wife’
*buhat-an		‘create’
*buhat-an		‘lifted, carried’
*buhek		‘head hair’
*buhuk		‘drunkenness, intoxication’
*bui		1. ‘swing’ 2. ‘to swing’
*bui bui		1. ‘swing’ 2. ‘to swing’
*buis		‘pull back and forth’
*bujeq		1. ‘foam, bubbles, lather, scum, froth’ 2. ‘to foam, to bubble’ 3. ‘foam at the mouth’ 4. ‘fond of talking’ 5. ‘type of white bead’
*bujeq ni wahiR		‘foam on the surface of water’
*buk		‘sound of a dull thud’
*buka		‘to open, uncover, expose’
*bukal		‘bubble up, as spring water’
*bukbuk		‘bubbling, boiling’
*bukbuk		‘hit, pound, beat’
*bukbuk		1. ‘weevil that infests wood, bamboo, and rice’ 2. ‘dust produced by the boring of this insect’ 3. ‘tooth decay, dental caries’
*bukbuk-an		‘attacked by wood worms’
*buket		‘thick, viscous’
*buku buku		‘joints, nodes’
*buku lali		‘ankle’
*buku-an		‘have joints’
*bukuh		1. ‘node (as in bamboo or sugarcane)’ 2. ‘joint’ 3. ‘knuckle’ 4. ‘knot in wood’ 5. ‘knot in string or rope’
*bukut		‘hunchback’
*bulah		‘tree, the Chinese or Philippine mahogany: Shorea albus Foxw.’
*bulan		1. ‘kind of shellfish’ 2. ‘eye of cateye shell’
*bulan		1. ‘moon, month’ 2. ‘menstruation’ 3. ‘shell disk collar piece’
*bulan		‘unnaturally white, albino’
*bulan matay		‘new moon, eclipse (lit. 'dead moon')’
*bulan-bulan		1. ‘each month, every month, monthly’ 2. ‘for months’
*bulan-bulan		‘white fish, the tarpon: Megalops cyprinoides’
*bulaR		‘unnaturally white, albino’
*bulat		‘open the eyes wide, stare with round eyes’
*bulati		1. ‘roundworm, ascaris, intestinal worm’ 2. ‘also earthworm?’
*buliq		‘cowrie shell: Cypraea mauritiana’
*buliq		‘rectum, anus, buttocks’
*buliR		1. ‘(entire) stalk of bananas’ 2. ‘ear of grain’
*bulit		‘caulk, fill up a hole or crack with viscous material’
*bulu		1. ‘body hair’ 2. ‘fur’ 3. ‘feather’ 4. ‘down’ 5. ‘floss on plant stems’ 6. ‘color’ 7. ‘type, kind’
*bulu		‘wash the hands’
*bulu bulu		‘hair’
*bulu ni babuy		1. ‘pig bristles’ 2. ‘type of sea urchin with thin black spines’
*bulu ni manuk		‘chicken feathers’
*bulu ni mata		‘eyelash’
*bulud		‘mountain’
*bulu-n		‘hair of, fur of’
*bulun		‘companion’
*buluŋ		‘dark bluish-, bluish- black’
*buluŋ		‘medicinal herbs’
*buluq		‘constellation: the Pleiades’
*bulut		‘hairy filaments of certain plants, husk’
*buna		‘bat fish: Platax spp.’
*bunaR		‘batfish: Platax spp.’
*bunat		‘plant used to stun fish: Derris elliptica’
*bunbun		1. ‘fill a hole with earth’ 2. ‘cover something with a heap of earth’
*bunduk		‘elevated ground’
*buŋ		‘deep resounding sound’
*buŋa		1. ‘flower, blossom’ 2. ‘to flower, bear flowers’ 3. ‘yield a benefit (as interest on a loan)’ 4. ‘first-born child’ 5. ‘cotton’ 6. ‘vulva (refined or evasive), skin rash, prickly heat’ 7. ‘speckled (of fish)’ 8. ‘kidneys’
*buŋa na batu		‘coral sponge’
*buŋa na kahiw		‘blossom of a fruit tree’
*buŋa ni hapuy		‘sparks from a fire’
*buŋaŋ		‘flower, blossom’
*buŋas		1. ‘first of anything’ 2. ‘first fruits’ 3. ‘prime, new, untainted, virgin’
*buŋbuŋ		‘swell up’
*buŋkaR		1. ‘take apart, dismantle’ 2. ‘break open’
*bu(ŋ)kas		‘to open, uncover’
*buŋkuk		‘bent, crooked’
*buŋkul		1. ‘swelling’ 2. ‘lump or bump under the skin’ 3. ‘wad of something’
*bu(ŋ)kuq		‘bend, bent, bowed’
*buni		‘hide, conceal’
*buñi		‘noise, sound’
*buni-buni		‘secretive’
*buntal		‘puffer fish sp.’
*buntaŋ		‘break through, of water’
*bunteR		‘round’
*bunter		‘distended, inflated (of the belly)’
*buntu		‘small hill, knoll’
*buntu buntu		‘small hill, knoll’
*buntud		‘small hill, knoll’
*buntul		‘small hill, knoll’
*buntul buntul		‘small hill, knoll’
*buntut		‘rear end of a chicken’
*buntuʔ		‘bloated, swollen (of the belly)’
*bunubun		‘rice seedling’
*bunuq		1. ‘throw at, hit, strike with a sharp object’ 2. ‘kill’ 3. ‘extinguish (a fire)’
*bunut		‘coconut husk, coir’
*buqaŋ		1. ‘discard, throw away’ 2. ‘banish’
*buqaR		‘kind of tree the leaves of which are used as poultices for boils’
*buqay		‘to sway, swing (as a cradle)’
*buqaya		1. ‘crocodile’ 2. ‘greedy’
*buqbuq		‘pour, pour out, as water or grain from a container’
*buqeni		‘ringworm: Tinea imbricata’
*buqiq		‘froth, foam’
*buRah		1. ‘spray water from the mouth’ 2. ‘spray a mixture of saliva and masticated medicinal herbs on an ailing body part in curing’
*buRah-an		‘spray’
*buRbuR		‘rice porridge, rice gruel’
*buRbuR		‘wood worm’
*buR(e)hu		‘jealous’
*buRehuʔ		‘envious, jealous’
*buri		‘palm sp: Corypha elata’
*buRiq		‘wash, as the hands’
*buRit		1. ‘hind part, rear, back’ 2. ‘base, bottom’
*burit		‘hind part, rear, back’
*burit		‘line, stripe’
*buRsuk		‘drive or force into’
*buRtaq		‘earth, soil, mud’
*burun		‘inferior type of betel nut’
*busa		‘foam, suds’
*busaw		‘glutton’
*busay		‘drive animals away’
*busbus		‘leak, spill through, stream out from a hole in a container’
*buseq		‘foam, bubbles’
*busuk		1. ‘decayed, rotten, putrid’ 2. ‘stinking’
*busuR		1. ‘hunting bow’ 2. ‘bow-like instrument used to card kapok fiber’
*buta		1. ‘mote in the eye’ 2. ‘blind’ 3. ‘blindness’
*buta-en mata		‘get a mote in the eye’
*butaq		‘tree with poisonous sap’
*butbut		‘pull up (as weeds), pluck (as feathers)’
*butbut-i		‘pull out, uproot, pluck’
*buteliR		1. ‘wart’ 2. ‘cyst’ 3. ‘non-purulent skin eruption’
*buteŋ		‘short-’
*butequl		1. ‘hard seed’ 2. ‘burl, knot in wood’
*butu		1. ‘callus, corn’ 2. ‘blister’
*butuk		‘knock, pound, beat’
*butun		‘shore tree: Barringtonia spp.’
*butuq		1. ‘testicles of animals’ 2. ‘castrate animals’
*butus		‘snap, break, as a rope under tension’
*buʔut		‘coconut husk’
*cabut		‘pull out with force’
*ca(ŋ)ket		‘sticky, stick to’
*cekas		‘quick, swift’
*cekel		‘choke, strangle’
*cekep		‘seize, grasp’
*celeb		‘sink, submerge’
*ceŋap		‘seize in the mouth or beak’
*cep(e)qak		1. ‘crack, split, break’ 2. ‘sound of cracking, splitting, breaking’
*cepuk		‘dull sound’
*cerik		‘shrill, of the voice’
*cikep		‘catch with the hands’
*cilak		‘to shine, of heavenly bodies’
*ciŋaŋ		‘gape, open the mouth’
*ci(ŋ)kuk		‘curve’
*cukcuk		‘skewer’
*cu(l)cul		‘insert’
*cupcup		‘sip, suck’
*d<um>ilaq		‘to lick (?)’
*dabuk		‘pound, beat’
*dadan		1. ‘old, of things’ 2. ‘ancient times’
*da-duha		‘two, of people’
*dahun		1. ‘leaf’ 2. ‘blade of paddle or oar’ 3. ‘‘ table’ for eating’
*dahun nu taliŋa		‘auricle or shell of the ear’
*dahun-dahun		‘foliage, leaves’
*daki		1. ‘dirt on skin’ 2. ‘dandruff’ 3. ‘tartar on teeth’
*dakit		1. ‘join along the length’ 2. ‘raft’
*dalem		1. ‘ins, area within, inner part of something’ 2. ‘between’ 3. ‘below, under’ 4. ‘deep’ 5. ‘mind, feelings, liver (fig.)’
*dalem qatay		‘hold with in (of emotions, thoughts)?’
*dalij		‘buttress root’
*dalikan		‘trivet, arrangement of three stones on which the cooking pot is placed’
*dalit		‘glue, paste, plaster, caulk’
*dalit		‘smooth, slippery’
*dalu		‘flying white ant or termite’
*da(m)paD		‘flat, level’
*daŋdaŋ		1. ‘warm oneself or something near a fire’ 2. ‘heat or dry near a fire’
*daŋkaq		‘branch’
*daŋkeq		‘branch, twig’
*da(ŋ)ket		‘stick, adhere to’
*danum		‘fresh water’
*dapan		‘sole of the foot’
*dapaR		‘flat, level, even’
*dapdap		‘tree with dense clusters of red flowers, the Indian coral tree, Erythrina indica’
*dapet		‘to place in contact with one another, come in contact, space closely’
*dapuR		‘hearth’
*daqan		‘branch, bough’
*daqan		1. ‘old, ancient’ 2. ‘formerly’
*daqan kahiw		‘branch of a tree’
*daqani		‘day’
*daqih		1. ‘forehead’ 2. ‘face’
*daqu		‘tree: Dracontomelum edule’
*daRa		‘maiden, virgin, unmarried girl’
*daRa-daRaq		‘blood’
*daRat		‘littoral sea, sea near the shore’
*daRi		‘fish: Scomberoides sp.’
*dateŋ		‘to arrive, reach a place’
*datu		‘lineage priest (?)’
*daₐ		‘locative case marker for plural personal names’
*debek		‘smack against’
*dedap		‘tree: Erythrina spp.’
*dekdek		‘pulverize, crush by pounding’
*deket		‘paste, adhesive (probably made of overcooked rice)’
*deku		‘bent, curved’
*dekuk		‘bow, bend downward’
*dekuŋ		‘to bend over’
*delem		‘dark of the moon, moonless night’
*delep		‘submerge, sink’
*de(m)pul		‘dull, blunt’
*deŋan		1. ‘with, in conjunction with’ 2. ‘companion’
*deŋeR		1. ‘to hear, listen’ 2. ‘obey’ 3. ‘hear about’ 4. ‘news’ 5. ‘fame, famous’ 6. ‘to feel, perceive through any sense other than sight’
*de(ŋ)guk		‘deep throaty sound’
*de(ŋ)kit		‘touch’
*depdep		‘tree with dense clusters of red flowers, the Indian coral tree, Erythrina indica’
*depen		‘mat’
*depuk		‘snap, crack’
*deRas		‘hasten’
*deReŋ		‘roar of groaning, moaning, roaring, etc.’
*deRes		‘swift’
*deRuŋ		‘tree: Trema orientalis’
*desek		‘thrust into, pierce with’
*-di		‘3p deixis and spatial reference: that, there (distant?)’
*di qulu		1. ‘upstream’ 2. ‘before’
*dian		‘no, not’
*diket		‘sticky, adhesive’
*dikiq		‘small’
*dilap		‘sparkle, shine’
*dilaq		1. ‘tongue’ 2. ‘tongue of tongue-and-groove joint in carpentry’
*dilep		‘flash, sparkle, shine’
*diŋa		‘to hear, listen’
*diŋdiŋ		‘cold’
*diŋdiŋ		1. ‘wall of a house’ 2. ‘partition off’
*diŋeR		‘hear’
*diŋin		‘cold’
*diqaq		‘good’
*diqdiq		1. ‘to bubble, as liquid that is starting to boil’ 2. ‘to boil, of water’
*ditaq		‘tree: Alstonia scholaris’
*du-duha		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*duha		‘two’
*duha duha		1. ‘doubt, hesitation, uncertainty’ 2. ‘to doubt, hesitate, be of two minds’
*duha duha		1. ‘two by two, two at a time’ 2. ‘two each’ 3. ‘both’
*duha-en		‘divided into two’
*dukuq		‘bend over, stoop’
*dukut		‘grass’
*dulaq		1. ‘saliva’ 2. ‘to spit’
*dulas		‘to slip or slide’
*dumpul		‘dull, blunt’
*duŋduŋ		‘shelter’
*duŋkuk		‘hunch’
*duRi		‘thorn, splinter, fish bone’
*dusuk		‘enter, penetrate’
*dutdut		‘pluck, pull out’
*duyuŋ		‘dugong’
*ebuk		‘dust, powder’
*ebun		1. ‘heap, pile, swarm, flock’ 2. ‘to swarm, assemble, gather’
*ebuR		‘sow, strew, scatter’
*edaq		1. ‘vetative’ 2. ‘don't’
*egik		‘high-pitched throaty sound’
*ekap		‘gasp for air’
*ekeŋ		‘stiff’
*ekep		‘brood, sit on eggs’
*ekit		‘squeak, shriek’
*ekuk		‘croak’
*elak		‘separate two things’
*elem		‘shade, darkness’
*elet		‘borrow, be in debt’
*eliŋ		‘high-pitched sound’
*eluŋ		‘bend, curve’
*ema		‘father's sister, possibly address term’
*ema-q		‘father's sister, possibly address term’
*embeŋ		1. ‘dam’ 2. ‘to dam a stream’
*emis		‘sweet taste’
*emit		1. ‘small in quantity, few’ 2. ‘trifling amount’
*empeŋ		‘block, obstruct, dam a stream’
*empu		1. ‘grandparent/ grandchild (recipr.)’ 2. ‘ancestor’ 3. ‘lord, master, owner’
*empu-q		‘grandfather, grandmother, ancestor (vocative)’
*emuR		‘hold in the mouth’
*ena		1. ‘catch or get caught in a trap’ 2. ‘hit mark with spear, etc.’
*enap		‘scale of a fish’
*enduR		‘thunder’
*enem enem		‘six by six, six at a time’
*enem ŋa puluq		‘six’
*eñep		‘sunken, submerged’
*eŋap		‘gasp for breath’
*eŋer		‘to growl, snarl’
*eŋgem		‘hold something inside the mouth’
*e(ŋ)guk		‘make a gurgling sound’
*e(ŋ)kak		‘choke, gasp, struggle for breath’
*e(ŋ)keb		‘cover, to cover’
*e(ŋ)kek		1. ‘subdued laughter’ 2. ‘sobbing’
*eŋkel		‘bent, stooped’
*eŋkeŋ		‘moan, hum, howl’
*e(ŋ)kik		‘shrill cry’
*eŋkut		‘guttural sound’
*eŋut		‘complain loudly’
*e(n)teŋ		‘stare, look fixedly at’
*epaŋ		1. ‘notch’ 2. ‘notched’
*epat		‘four’
*epat epat		‘four at a time’
*epeŋ		‘make a dull sound in the ears’
*epiq		‘burnt food which adheres to the pot’
*epit		‘burnt food which adheres to the pot’
*epuk		‘pop’
*epus		1. ‘stump, stub’ 2. ‘finish, complete’
*eRes		‘shrink (of living things)’
*eRiq		‘sword grass: Imperata cylindrica’
*esa esa		‘one by one’
*esak		‘cooked, ripe’
*esek		‘crowd’
*esek		‘drive in stakes or posts’
*eseŋ		‘blow the nose by pinching off one nostril’
*esuŋ		‘rice mortar’
*etel		1. ‘constipation’ 2. ‘packed hard and firm’
*eter		‘shake, vibrate, tremble’
*etes		‘chop, hack, cut off’
*etuk		‘knock, pound, thud’
*ezan		‘notched log ladder’
*g<um>arut		‘to rub against, scrape, scratch’
*gagar		‘brave, plucky’
*galu		‘stir, mix’
*ganas		‘raw energy, animal appetite’
*ga(n)tuk		‘knock against, of body parts’
*gapgap		‘stammer’
*garaŋ		‘uneven, of edges, jagged, rough’
*garaŋ-gasaŋ		‘uneven, of edges, jagged, rough’
*garis		1. ‘to brush past, rub or scrape against’ 2. ‘draw a line’
*gaRuk		‘scratch up, scrape up’
*garus		‘scratch’
*garut		‘rub against, scrape, scratch’
*gasgas		‘rub, abrade’
*gatel		1. ‘itch, feel itchy’ 2. ‘sexually stimulated’
*gatgat		1. ‘to bite something off, to chew something up’ 2. ‘to mince’
*gaway		‘tentacles of octopus, squid, jellyfish, etc.’
*gayam		‘tree: Inocarpus spp., possibly the Tahitian chestnut: Inocarpus edulis’
*gedek		‘sound of sob’
*gekgek		‘animal sound’
*gelap		‘lightning that strikes something’
*gem		‘hold in the fist’
*gemi		1. ‘suckerfish, remora: Echineis naucrates’ 2. ‘hold on by biting’’
*geŋ		‘dull resounding sound’
*gepik		‘smack of light smacking’
*gepit		‘pinch, squeeze between’
*ger		‘sound of a grunt, etc.’
*geret		‘notch, groove’
*gerit		‘sound of scraping or scratching’
*ge(s)ges		‘shiver’
*getel		‘to pinch’
*getes		‘to snap, break off, as a twig’
*getik		‘spotted, striped’
*gidik		‘to tickle’
*gigil		‘shiver, tremble’
*gikgik		‘titter, giggle’
*gila		1. ‘wild’ 2. ‘skittish’ 3. ‘insane’
*gila-gila		1. ‘wild’ 2. ‘insane’
*gilak		‘shine, glitter’
*gilap		‘radiance’
*giliŋ		‘to grind, as by rolling over’
*gi(n)tik		‘tap or beat lightly on’
*gintil		‘pimple’
*gipit		‘narrow, tight, confined’
*giri		‘to tickle’
*guham		‘fungal disease of the oral tract: thrush’
*gumi		‘moustache, beard’
*gu(n)dem		‘dark, darkened’
*gur		‘purr’
*gurit		1. ‘to scratch’ 2. ‘sound of scratching’
*guru		‘noise, tumult’
*guRun		‘sword grass, Imperata cylindrica’
*guruq		‘noise, tumult’
*gutgut		1. ‘front teeth, incisors’ 2. ‘gnaw, to bite or tear off with the incisors’
*gutgut		‘pluck, pull out’
*gutgut		‘to scratch, as an itch’
*h<in>eban		‘what is carried on the back’
*h<in>ipi		1. ‘dream’ 2. ‘was dreamt by’
*h<um>apuy		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*h<um>ateD		‘accompany, escort’
*h<um>eRet		‘tighten, fasten firmly’
*h<um>eyup		‘to blow’
*h<um>ipi		‘to dream’
*h<um>una		‘to do or go first’
*h<um>uni		‘to chirp, to crow, to sound off (birds)’
*ha		‘ligature’
*ha		‘locative particle’
*ha		‘marker of a tag question’
*ha-		‘adjectival prefix for adjectives of measure’
*ha-		‘marker of instrumental nouns’
*ha-		‘stative prefix’
*haban		‘cloth used to carry a child on the back’
*habaRat		‘south’
*habij		‘twins of the same sex’
*habit		‘long cloth wrapped around body and used for carrying’
*habuk		‘powder’
*hadiRi		‘housepost’
*hadu		‘much, many, plenty’
*hajek		‘smell, sniff, kiss’
*hakut		1. ‘transport piecemeal’ 2. ‘transport through repeated trips’
*halas		‘forest, wilderness, woods, jungle’
*halas + "dark"		‘primary forest, primeval jungle’
*halem		‘night, dark’
*halin		‘move, transfer’
*hameti		‘plant: Solanum nigrum’
*hampaR		‘unroll a mat, spread out a mat’
*hampil		‘go together’
*hamuk		‘attack, run amuck’
*handem		‘think, understand’
*haŋin		‘wind’
*haŋin-haŋin		1. ‘gust, draft, current of air’ 2. ‘rumor’
*haŋit		‘anger’
*haŋus		‘odor of burnt food’
*hanunaŋ		‘tree: Cordia dichotoma’
*hapejes		‘smart’
*hapejiq		‘smart’
*hapejis		‘smart’
*hapen		‘fishing line’
*haphap		‘feel, grope’
*hapin		1. ‘liner, layer, insulation, padding’ 2. ‘sleeping mat’
*hapiq		‘flattened, as plants to the ground’
*hapit		1. ‘press together, press between two surfaces’ 2. ‘part of the loom’
*hapuhap		‘feel, grope’
*hapun		‘dew’
*hapuy		‘fire’
*haRemaŋ		‘kind of marine eel’
*haRezan		‘notched log ladder’
*haRezan na batu		‘stone stairs’
*haRuŋ		‘snore, groan, etc.’
*hasak		1. ‘ripe’ 2. ‘cooked’
*hasaŋ		‘gills’
*hasaq		‘whet, sharpen’
*hasaq-an		‘whetstone, grindstone’
*hasek		‘dibble, plant seeds with a dibble stick’
*hasek		‘press in, cram, crowd’
*hateD		1. ‘accompany, escort, conduct, convey’ 2. ‘send’ 3. ‘return’ 4. ‘escort the bride to her husband’ 5. ‘gift of food at a wedding’ 6. ‘send bridewealth payments’
*hateD-an		‘escort, accompany (imperative)’
*hawak		‘waist, back of the waist’
*hawhaw		‘wash, rinse’
*heban		‘carry a child with a carrying cloth’
*hebun		‘group, pile’
*hebut		‘pluck, pull up (as weeds)’
*hedaw		‘stop, cease, of rain’
*hekak		‘to crow, to caw’
*hekut		‘hunched over, stoop-shouldered’
*helem		‘dark, dim’
*hema		‘tongue’
*hemay		‘cooked rice’
*hemis		‘sweet taste’
*hemut		‘smother, suffocate’
*heñaw		‘to wash’
*heŋak		‘out of breath’
*heŋaw		‘exude or escape, of air, gases or similar substances (?)’
*hepi		‘dream’
*heqe		1. ‘yes’ 2. ‘expression of agreement’
*heqeguk		‘deep guttural sound’
*heReŋ		‘groan, moan, roar, growl’
*heRet		1. ‘to bind tightly’ 2. ‘belt’
*hesi		‘flesh, meat’
*hetek		‘cut, sever, chop’
*heyaq		1. ‘shyness, embarrassment’ 2. ‘shame’
*heyup		‘blow’
*heyup-an		‘blow’
*hezam		‘borrow, lend’
*hi-		‘origin’
*hibun		‘cover with earth’
*hi-kaen		‘(??)’
*hikam		‘mat’
*hikan		‘fish’
*hiket		‘tie, bind, attach to by tying’
*hilat		‘wide open, of the eyes’
*hili		‘village, town’
*himaR		‘grease, oil, fat’
*hin-		‘verb prefix’
*hiñaw		‘wash hands, feet or face’
*hiñaw-an		‘wash’
*hiŋus		‘sniff, sniffle (as with a runny nose)’
*hinuq		‘beads, necklace’
*hipaR		‘opposite side (esp. of a river)’
*hipaR		‘sibling-’
*hipaʔ		‘lie in wait for, ambush’
*hipi		‘dream’
*hipun		‘tiny sea fish that ascends rivers in huge numbers to spawn’
*hiras		‘cut off’
*hiRup		‘sip, as soup or rice wine from a bowl’
*hisuq		‘scrub oneself by scrubbing’
*hitu		‘fish">catfish’
*hituq		‘fish">catfish’
*hiwid		‘slant’
*huab		‘yawn’
*huaji		1. ‘younger sibling of the same sex’ 2. ‘younger parallel cousin of the same sex’
*huaji-q		1. ‘younger sibling of the same sex (vocative)’ 2. ‘younger parallel cousin of the same sex (vocative)’
*huaR		‘vine: Flagellaria indica’
*hubun		‘fontanel’
*hubun		‘heap, pile, collection’
*huhuq		‘drip or drain out’
*hulaR		‘snake’
*hulem		‘dim’
*hulij		‘lie or sleep next to’
*huluR		1. ‘lower or let down, as on a rope’ 2. ‘pay out fishline’ 3. ‘launch a boat’
*huna		‘first, before, anterior in time’
*huni		‘chirp, tweet, crow, produce sound (of birds)’
*hunus		‘withdraw, pull out, extract’
*huñus		‘to molt, shed the skin’
*hupiq		‘flower spathe of areca palm’
*huqhuq		‘drip or drain out’
*huRas		‘wash body parts, cooking or eating utensils (but not clothes)’
*huRay		‘to wait, be patient’
*huRhuR		1. ‘draw string’ 2. ‘to thread a drawstring’
*huRuŋ		1. ‘roar of a current, crashing waves, etc.’ 2. ‘moan, groan (as in pain or when near death)’
*hutek		1. ‘brain’ 2. ‘marrow’
*huy		‘exclamation to express surprise, call to a friend, respond to a distant call, etc.’
*huyeʔab		‘to yawn’
*huyuŋ		‘shake, sway, as the ground in an earthquake’
*huʔu		‘2sg. subject pronoun’
*-i		‘local transitive suffix’
*i-		‘verbal prefix marking instrumental or benefactive voice’’
*i dalem		1. ‘below, beneath’ 2. ‘in’
*ia		1. ‘demonstrative pronoun and adverb: this, here’ 2. ‘that, there’
*iag		‘cry out, shout’
*iak		‘cry out, shout’
*iaqi		‘demonstrative marker of uncertain meaning’
*ias		‘particle of doubt or interrogation’
*i-atas		‘above, on top’
*iba iba		‘remainder, surplus’
*ibah		‘companion, close relative, other one’
*ibah-an		‘companion, close relative, other one’
*ibak		‘break or split off’
*ibeR		1. ‘saliva in the mouth’ 2. ‘drool’ 3. ‘desire, crave, lust for’
*ibit		‘touch, grasp’
*ibuk		‘dull, muffled sound’
*ibut		‘pull out, uproot’
*icud		‘budge, shift, move aside’
*ida		‘they, them (cf *)’
*i-di		‘that, there’
*idi		‘then, at that time’
*idus		‘nasal mucus, snot’
*ieq		‘this’
*ihap		‘count, calculate’
*ihi		‘exclamation of surprise, etc.’
*ihiq		1. ‘urine’ 2. ‘urinate’
*ijuŋ		‘nose’
*ika-		‘prefix for ordinal numerals’
*ika-duha		‘second’
*ika-enem		‘six’
*i-kahu		‘2sg., you’
*ika-lima		‘fifth (ordinal numeral)’
*ika-pitu		‘seven’
*ika-puluq		‘ten’
*ika-siwa		‘ninth’
*ika-telu		‘third’
*ika-walu		‘eight’
*ikay		‘mallet for beating bark into bark cloth’
*ikuŋ		‘tail’
*ikuR ikuR		‘trailing behind’
*ikuR ikuR ni asu		‘plant with flowers the shape of a dog's tail, used to treat abscesses’
*ikuR ni mata		‘outer corner of the eye’
*ikut		‘to follow, join with’
*ilah		‘wild, timorous, shy’
*i-lahud		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*ilap		‘flicker, of flames’
*ilap		1. ‘silhouette, shadow’ 2. ‘glimpse of something’
*ilaw		‘reflect at (a reflection, etc.)’
*ileŋ		‘turn, rotate’
*iliŋ		‘pour’
*iluR		‘spittle, saliva’
*ima		‘five’
*imbaŋ		‘weigh, balance, compare’
*imbu		‘stench, strong unpleasant odor’
*imbuk		‘nature spirit’
*i(m)pes		‘deflate, deflated, shrunken’
*impu		‘collect, heap up’
*impu		‘grandparent’
*imu		‘2p pronoun: you’
*i-na		‘that, there’
*ina		1. ‘mother, mother's sister’ 2. ‘female animal’
*ina ama		‘parents’
*ina ni lima		‘thumb’
*iná-i		‘mother, mother's sister (address, vocative)’
*iná-ŋ		‘mother, mother's sister (address, vocative)’
*in-atay		‘dead’
*inda		‘exclamation of wonder, pain, etc.’
*iŋaR		‘loud, unpleasant noise’
*iŋat		1. ‘to note, remember’ 2. ‘care, attention, caution’
*i(ŋ)kes		‘bound firmly’
*iŋkud		‘to sit’
*iŋus		‘moan or groan’
*inum		‘drink’
*inum-inum-an		‘various drinks’
*inzak		‘step on, tread on, trample’
*i-pa-ŋajan		‘to name, give a name to’
*ipen		‘tooth’
*ipes		‘cockroach’
*iput		‘narrow’
*iqi		‘exclamation of surprise, pain, etc.’
*irid		1. ‘fan’ 2. ‘to fan’
*iriŋ		1. ‘follow’ 2. ‘accompany’
*i-sai		‘who?’
*ised		‘budge, shift, move aside’
*iseR		‘budge, shift, move aside’
*isu		‘budge, shift, move aside’
*isu		‘interjection used to chase off animal’
*isud		‘budge, shift, move’
*isuR		‘budge, shift, move aside’
*isut		‘rub, scour, scrub’
*itek		‘small, become small’
*i-telu		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*ituk		‘small in amount’
*iu		‘2sg. personal pronoun: you’
*iut		‘little, small, trifling’
*iwa		‘put in the lap’
*iwaq		‘put in the lap’
*k<an>uhkuh		‘claw, talon, fingernail’
*k<in>aen		‘eat’
*k<in>ali-an		‘place that has been dug up’
*k<in>a-tau-an		‘nature, character’
*k<um>ahiw		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*k<um>aRat		‘to bite’
*k<um>utu		‘to de louse’
*ka		‘2sg. subject pronoun’
*ka-		‘past participle/ achieved state’
*ka-anak		‘have a child’
*ka-besuR		‘satisfaction, satiation’
*kabu-kabu		‘kapok tree: Ceiba pentandra’
*kabuq		‘ladle, dipper, scoop, cup’
*kabus		1. ‘run out, come to an end, of supplies’ 2. ‘poor’
*kabut		1. ‘fog, haze, mist’ 2. ‘indistinct, blurry’
*kaen kaen		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*kaen-a		‘eat it (imper.)’
*ka-epat		‘four’
*kahi-kahiw		‘wood’
*kahiw		1. ‘wood’ 2. ‘tree’
*kahkah		‘scratch up the soil’
*kahu		‘2sg., you’
*ka-isi		‘well-filled’
*kaka		‘elder sibling of the same sex’
*kakakₐ		‘to cackle’
*ka-kali		‘dig’
*kakaq		‘split’
*kalaw		‘bird: the hornbill’
*ka-lawaq		‘spider">spider’
*kalem		‘dark’
*kali		1. ‘hole in the ground’ 2. ‘to dig up, excavate, as tubers’
*kalu		‘to stir’
*kalumpaŋ		‘tree: Sterculia foetida’
*kamaliR		‘bachelor’s house, men’s house’
*kam-ami		‘1pl. excl., we’
*ka-mata		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*kama-udehi		‘rear part, stern or rudder of a boat’
*kambu		‘lower stomach, bladder’
*kambuR		‘sprinkle, scatter ( seed, etc.)’
*kambur		‘mix’
*kamet		‘do with the hand’
*kamiri		‘candlenut tree: Aleurites moluccana’
*kamit		‘scratch’
*ka(m)pet		‘plug’
*kampis		‘deflate, shrink’
*kampit		‘to adhere, stick to’
*kamu		‘2pl. nominative, you all’
*kamuniŋ		‘tree: Murraya sp.’
*kamu-yu		1. ‘2pl. nominative and genitive’ 2. ‘you all, your’
*kanaŋa		‘tree with fragrant flowers: Cananga odorata’
*kanap		‘creep, crawl’
*kanari		‘tree with edible nut, the Canarium almond: Canarium commune’
*kanarum		‘tree sp.’
*kanasay		‘fish, the mullet’
*kanawa		‘tree: Cordia spp.’
*kanawah		‘small tree bearing round, green fruit: Ehretia spp.’
*kanaway		‘kind of white bird: probably gull sp.’
*kaŋ		‘animal sound’
*kaŋa		‘open">open, as the mouth’
*kaŋeqa		‘fissured, slightly cracked’
*kaŋkaŋ		‘cramps, stiffening of the limbs, rigor mortis’
*ka-nu		‘when?’
*kapak		1. ‘beat the wings, flap the wings’ 2. ‘sound of flapping’
*kapay		‘flutter the wings’
*kapit		1. ‘pinch, press between’ 2. ‘fasten thatch together with slats in roofing a house’
*ka-pitu		‘seven times’
*kapuR		‘lime, calcium carbonate’
*kaput		1. ‘tie or clasp together’ 2. ‘to button’
*ka-qasiq		‘mercy, pity, affection’
*ka-qasiq-an		‘expression of pity or affection’
*kaq(e)pi		‘brace, splint’
*kaqit		‘to hold or pull with a hook’
*ka-Rabiqi		‘last night’
*kaRakap		‘crab sp.’
*kaRaŋ		‘small edible freshwater crab’
*karaŋ		‘coral, limestone’
*kaRat		‘to bite’
*kaRiqit		‘scratch of scratching’
*karis		‘scratch, scrape’
*kaRud		‘scrape, grate, rasp’
*kaRuki		‘sand crab’
*kasambiʔ		‘tree: Schleichera trijuga’
*kasaw		‘kind of reed-like plant (?)’
*kasaw		‘rafter, diagonal bamboo poles to which thatch panels are lashed’
*kaskas		‘loosen, untie’
*kaskas		‘scrape, scratch’
*kasusu		‘coconut crab’
*katadu		‘large green hairless stinging caterpillar’
*ka-takut		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*kataman		‘door, doorway’
*katapaŋ		‘tree sp.’
*ka-taqu		‘right hand, right side’
*ka-tau-an		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*katawan		‘fish sp.’
*ka-telu		‘all three, three together, three in total’
*katik		‘high-pitched sound of striking against something hard but not resonant’
*katimun		‘tree sp.’
*katiR		‘canoe hull, small outrigger canoe’
*katu		‘send’
*katuk		‘knock’
*kauŋ		‘reverberate, of a sound’
*kaut		1. ‘to take in one’s hand’ 2. ‘handful’
*kaway		‘tentacles of octopus, squid, jellyfish, etc.’
*kaway		1. ‘wave the hand or arms’ 2. ‘call by waving’
*kayaw		‘headhunting’
*kazaŋ		‘palm leaf awning, usually on boats’
*kebet		‘tie by binding around’
*kebit		‘touch or tap so as to draw someone's attention’
*kebkeb		‘to enclose, shut in’
*kebuR		‘agitated, of water’
*kedeŋ		1. ‘to stand’ 2. ‘stretch out, as the body’
*kek		‘squawk’
*ke(k)kek		‘to cluck’
*kelap		‘shine, sparkle, twinkle’
*kelaq		‘crack, split’
*kelas		‘to peel, skin off’
*keleŋ		‘cut into pieces’
*kembuŋ		‘swollen, filled out’
*kemel		‘take in the hand, clasp, grasp’
*kemes		‘grip, compress, squeeze’
*kemi		1. ‘suckerfish, remora: Echineis naucrates’ 2. ‘hold on by biting’
*kemiq		‘urinate’
*kempu		‘grandchild’
*ke(m)pus		‘come to an end’
*kemuR		1. ‘to hold liquid in the mouth’ 2. ‘to gargle’
*kenas		‘preserved">preserved meat or fish’
*kendal		‘tree: Cordia spp.’
*keñej		‘sink, drown’
*keŋ		‘hollow, resounding sound’
*keŋ		‘stiff, as a corpse’
*keŋkeŋ		‘shrink’
*keŋkeŋ		‘stiffs, stiffening of the limbs’
*kepik		‘dent’
*kepit		1. ‘press together’ 2. ‘pressed together’ 3. ‘carry under the arm, press between the legs’
*kepkep		‘to seize, hug, embrace’
*kepuk		‘beat, crunch, break’
*keRaŋ		‘deep reverberating sound’
*kerap		‘shine, sparkle, twinkle’
*keRas		1. ‘hard, strong, inflexible’ 2. ‘vehement’
*keRiq		‘sword grass: Imperata cylindrica’
*keriqik		‘shrill sound’
*kerit		‘scratch, grate’
*ke(R)lap		‘flash, shine’
*keRteŋ		‘kind of striped or spotted marine fish, grouper: Epinephelus spp.’
*keRut		‘to gnaw, sound of gnawing on something’
*keteb		‘to bite’
*keteŋ		‘straight’
*ketep		‘to bite’
*ketuk		‘to knock, pound’
*ketuq		‘pick, pluck, break off’
*kezeŋ		1. ‘to stand’ 2. ‘straighten out’
*kezut		‘to start, jump when startled’
*kiak		‘to squawk, as a frightened chicken’
*kiDkiD		‘to file, rasp’
*kik		‘peep, squeak, giggle’
*kikik		1. ‘to squeak, as a mouse’ 2. ‘to giggle’
*kikit		‘small, trifling’
*kilab		‘flash, sparkle’
*kila-kilat		‘shine, flash repeatedly’
*kilap		‘flash, sparkle’
*kilat		‘lightning’
*kilat		‘open the eyes wide’
*kilep		‘glance, glimpse’
*kilik		‘to tickle’
*kiliŋ		‘leaning sideways, listing (as a boat)’
*kiluq		1. ‘to bend, curve’ 2. ‘bent, curved, crooked’
*kima		‘giant clam, Tridacna gigas’
*kimet		1. ‘blink’ 2. ‘flash’
*ki(m)pes		‘deflate, shrink’
*kiŋ		‘ring’
*kiŋkiŋ		‘little finger, pinky’
*kinit		‘pinch, nip, pluck’
*ki(n)zak		‘tread, step’
*kiput		‘narrow’
*kiRam		‘axe or adze’
*kiras		‘scar’
*kiRay		‘pandanus sp., used in making mats’
*kirik		‘to tickle’
*kiseg		‘twist spasmodically, wriggle’
*kitik		‘to tick, make a ticking or light knocking sound’
*kitik		‘to tickle’
*kitkit		‘to bite, gnaw’
*kiud		1. ‘movement in coitus’ 2. ‘sexual intercourse’
*kiuk		‘peep, cheep’
*kiuq		1. ‘movement in coitus’ 2. ‘sexual intercourse’
*kiₐ		‘oblique case marker for singular personal nouns’
*kua		‘how?, How is it? What is the matter?’
*kuak		1. ‘deep cry’ 2. ‘bird with deep cry’
*kubkub		‘cover, coating’
*kubu		‘field hut in the rice fields’
*kudin		‘clay cooking pot’
*kuDkuD		‘to scrape, rasp, grate, as in grating coconuts’
*kuhkuh		‘scrape’
*kuja		‘how?, how is it? what is the matter?’
*kuk		‘sound of sob, croak, etc.’
*kukuh		‘claw, talon, fingernail’
*kukun		‘tree sp.: Schoutenia ovata’
*kukuq		‘stick to, adhere firmly’
*kulat		‘< a class="findlink" href="acd-ak o htm#open">open the eyes’
*kulat		‘bracket fungus, Polyporus spp.’
*kuliliŋ		1. ‘round about, around, in one’s surroundings’ 2. ‘go around’
*kulit		1. ‘skin’ 2. ‘hide’ 3. ‘rind’ 4. ‘bark’
*kulu		‘tree: Artocarpus sp.’
*kuluŋ		‘curl, curve’
*kuluR		‘breadfruit’
*kulut		‘curly-’
*kuman		‘tiny parasite on the body, itch mite, chicken louse’
*kumaŋ		‘hermit crab’
*kumbal		‘dry sago branch’
*kumi		‘moustache’
*kumis		‘moustache, beard’
*kumpuŋ		‘maimed, amputated, of a limb’
*kumput		‘maimed, amputated, of a limb’
*kumuR		‘gargle, rinse the mouth’
*kuŋ		‘bark of cooing or barking’
*kuŋkuŋ		1. ‘curve, curved’ 2. ‘hollow’
*kuŋkuŋ		‘shrink’
*kunij		‘turmeric: Curcuma longa’
*kunkun		‘shrink’
*ku(n)tus		‘break under tension’
*kunu		‘it is said, people say.....’
*kunut		‘pinch’
*kupkup		‘to clutch, hold tightly’
*kur		‘word used to call chickens, etc.’
*kuRapu		‘fish, the sea perch, giant rock cod, giant grouper: Epinephelus spp.’
*kuRaw		‘edible marine fish’
*kur(e)qit		‘scratch mark, line’
*kuRita		‘octopus’
*kuru		‘word used to call chickens, etc.’
*kuruq		‘noise, clamor’
*kurut		‘curly-’
*kusik		‘scream of a monkey’
*kusu		‘rub two things together, create friction, as sticks to make fire, or the hands’
*kutaña		‘ask, inquire about’
*kutu		1. ‘head louse’ 2. ‘sparks from a fire’ 3. ‘water striker (insect that walks on water)’
*l<um>akaw		‘to go’
*laba		‘big, large’
*labak		‘wide open’
*laban		‘oppose, go against someone’
*laban-an		‘oppose, go against someone’
*labeR		‘wide’
*labi		1. ‘excess’ 2. ‘more than’ 3. ‘surpass’
*labu		‘ashen, grayish’
*ladiŋ		‘cleaver, sword’
*lagi		‘emphatic particle’
*lajaq		1. ‘pepper’ 2. ‘to sting, of a wound or spices in food’
*laji		‘poison with poisonous sap, (probably Antiaris toxicaria)’
*lajih		‘fish">dolphinfish’
*lakaj		‘to stride, take a step’
*lakas		‘quick, energetic, strong’
*lakaw		1. ‘in motion’ 2. ‘go, walk’
*lakaw lakaw		‘wander about’
*laki		1. ‘male, masculine’ 2. ‘man’
*lalak		‘trochus shell’
*la-lateŋ		‘stinging nettle: Laportea spp.’
*lalej		‘housefly’
*lali		‘ankle bone (?)’
*la-limas		‘bail’
*lalin		‘move, transfer’
*laliŋ		‘ankle bone (?)’
*lalu		1. ‘more ( intensive), even more, moreso’ 2. ‘surplus’ 3. ‘to worsen (as an illness)’
*laluŋ		‘cock, rooster’
*lama		‘lie on a surface, of water’
*lamak		‘mat’
*la(m)bak		‘slam something down’
*lambeg		‘throw, cast’
*lambeR		‘roam freely, of domesticated animals that are untethered’
*lambuk		‘knock, pound, beat’
*lampaŋ		‘go’
*lampaq		‘walk, go’
*lamu		‘seaweed sp.’
*lamuk		‘mosquito’
*lamun		‘swamp grass’
*lamuR		‘dew’
*lamut		‘seaweed sp.’
*laña		‘vegetable oil’
*laŋaq		‘gape, open wide’
*laŋaw		‘bluebottle, blowfly, horsefly’
*laŋen		‘rollers for beaching a canoe’
*laŋ(e)si		‘fishy smell’
*la(ŋ)ga		‘to heat food’
*la(ŋ)gaq		‘to heat food’
*laŋit		‘sky’
*laŋkaq		1. ‘step, stride’ 2. ‘to omit or skip over’
*la(ŋ)kas		‘spirited, energetic’
*laŋkaw		‘high, tall’
*la(ŋ)ket		1. ‘stick, adhere to’ 2. ‘sticky, viscous’
*lapad		‘broad and flat’
*lapaR		‘hungry’
*lapis		‘stone slab, thin layer’
*lapuk		‘decayed, rotten, moldy, mildewed (of wood)’
*laqia		‘ginger’
*laseR		‘scrotum and testicles’
*lasuq		‘penis’
*lateŋ		‘stinging nettle: Laportea spp.’
*latu		1. ‘last burning bit’ 2. ‘to snuff out a spark’
*latuq		‘edible seaweed sp.’
*lauŋ		‘howl’
*lawan		‘kind of long fishnet’
*lawaq		‘dip net, scoop net’
*lawaq		1. ‘spider’ 2. ‘spider web’
*lawaq-lawaq		1. ‘spider’ 2. ‘spider web’
*lawi		‘long tail feathers of bird or rooster’
*lawit		‘hook’
*lebet		‘set close together, dense, luxuriant’
*lebiq		‘excess, surplus’
*lebleb		1. ‘sink, submerge’ 2. ‘overflow’
*lebuq		‘village area’
*lecit		‘squeeze out, squirt out’
*lekas		‘open, undress, remove, release’
*leken		‘coil’
*lekes		‘roll, curl up’
*leku		1. ‘bend, fold, folding part of the body’ 2. ‘curl up on the ground, of an animal’
*lem		‘in, inside’
*lemek		‘fertile, of soil’
*lemeŋ		‘wet, of soil’
*lemer		‘soaking wet’
*lemes		1. ‘stifle, suffocate’ 2. ‘drown’
*lemiq		‘to press, knead’
*leŋa		‘sesame’
*leŋen		‘forearm, lower arm’
*le(ŋ)gur		‘thunder’
*le(ŋ)kaŋ		‘separate, disunite’
*le(ŋ)kaq		‘to split open’
*leŋkiq		‘scream’
*leŋkuk		‘bend, curve’
*leŋkuŋ		‘concave, curved inward’
*le(n)tak		‘clack the tongue’
*lepak		‘break, crack off’
*lepaw		‘field hut, granary’
*lepes		‘simultaneous, at once’
*lepet		‘to fold’
*lepik		‘snap, break off (twigs, etc.)’
*lepit		‘thin layer’
*lepit		‘to fold’
*le(p)lep		‘submerge, sink’
*lepu		‘fish with poisonous dorsal spines’
*lepuq		‘fish with poisonous dorsal spines’
*leput		‘blow out, force out’
*leseq		‘nit, egg of a louse’
*lesles		‘to wring, squeeze out by twisting or wringing’
*lesuŋ		‘rice mortar’
*lian		‘to change appearance’
*liaŋ		‘cave, cavern’
*libuR		‘murky, clouded, turbid’
*licaw		‘shiny (of a smooth and polished surface)’
*likes		‘wrap firmly around, encircle tightly’
*liket		‘sticky, adhesive’
*liku		‘deep place in a river’
*likuq		‘zigzag, winding or curving’
*likut		‘curl’
*lileq		‘whirlpool’
*lilin		‘beeswax’
*liliŋ		‘askew, in a slanting direction’
*liliŋ		‘go in a circle’
*lima ŋa puluq		‘fifty’
*lima-lima		‘five by five, in groups of five’
*limas		‘bail out a canoe’
*limbun		1. ‘heap up, pile up (as earth)’ 2. ‘dam’
*limun		1. ‘to conceal’ 2. ‘concealed’
*limut		‘moss, algae’
*linaŋ		‘calm, tranquil, of the surface of water’
*linaw		‘calm, still, as the surface of water’
*linduR		‘earthquake’
*liŋ		‘ring of ringing’
*liŋ		‘word, speech’
*liŋak		‘< a class="findlink" href="acd-ak t htm#turn">turn to the side’
*li(n)tik		‘snap off, snapping or clicking click’
*linuŋ		‘calm, tranquil, of the surface of water’
*lipuq		‘village’
*liput		‘surround, encircle, as in attacking someone’
*liq(e)pit		‘press between two flat surfaces’
*lisehaq, liseqah		‘nit, egg of a hair louse’
*litek		1. ‘muddy’ 2. ‘sticky, as mud’
*liteq		‘sap of a tree or plant’
*liu		‘circle round, circumvent’
*liu		‘surpass, exceed’
*liut		‘to twist, as a limb’
*luab		1. ‘boil up, as boiling rice’ 2. ‘boil over’
*luaŋ		‘hole in the ground’
*luaq		‘spit out (food, substances alien to the body), to spew’
*luas		1. ‘outside’ 2. ‘outside area’ 3. ‘spacious, roomy’
*lubaŋ		‘hole, pit’
*lubuk		‘to pound with a pestle’
*ludaq		1. ‘saliva’ 2. ‘to spit’
*luglug		1. ‘shake something in the water’ 2. ‘shake something with water in it’
*luheq		‘tears’
*lujan		1. ‘cargo’ 2. ‘load a canoe’
*luka		‘wound’
*lukut		‘roll or crumple up’
*lulun		‘to roll up, as a mat’
*lumbar		‘set free’
*lumbu		‘plant sp.’
*lumbuŋ		‘pit, deep cavity in the ground’
*lumbuŋ		‘rice barn, granary’
*lumeŋ		‘smear’
*lumes		‘smear’
*lumiq		‘to fold, hem’
*lumpuk		‘cluster, group’
*lumu		‘soft, tender, gentle’
*lumuk		‘oily, as the hair or skin’
*lumut		‘moss, algae, seaweed’
*lumut-an		‘covered with moss’
*lumut-lumut		‘moss’
*lu(ŋ)kas		‘remove, loosen, untie’
*lupa		‘to forget’
*luqaR		1. ‘outside, wide open spaces’ 2. ‘loose’
*luqar		‘outside’
*luqemit		‘to fold, press’
*luqepit		1. ‘press between two flat surfaces’ 2. ‘to press down, crush’
*lurus		‘straight’
*luslus		1. ‘hernia’ 2. ‘to slip down, slip off, pull back the foreskin of the penis’
*lusuŋ		‘rice mortar’
*m<in>ata		‘eye’
*ma-anak		‘child’
*ma-bahu		‘smelly, stinking’
*ma-bañaw		‘wash the hands’
*ma-baseq		‘wet, moist, damp’
*ma-beReqat		1. ‘heavy’ 2. ‘burdensome’
*ma-buaq		1. ‘bear fruit’ 2. ‘fruitful, filled with fruit’
*ma-buhuk		‘drunk, intoxicated’
*ma-bujeq		‘foam’
*ma-buRuk		1. ‘rotten, as meat’ 2. ‘addled, as eggs’ 3. ‘bad, of character’
*ma-buta		‘blind’
*ma-dalit		‘smooth, slippery’
*ma-diŋin		‘cold’
*ma-diRi		‘to stand, be standing’
*ma-epat		‘divided into four (?)’
*ma-esak		‘cooked, ripe’
*ma-gatel		‘itch’
*ma-hasak		‘ripe, cooked’
*ma-hataq		‘raw, uncooked’
*ma-heRet		‘tight, firm’
*ma-heyaq		‘shame’
*ma-huab		‘to yawn, yawning’
*ma-hulem		‘dim, dark’
*mai		‘and’
*ma-iRaq		‘red’
*ma-isa		‘only, al one’
*ma-isi		‘filled with’
*maja		‘dry up, evaporate’
*maka-duha		‘do something twice (?)’
*ma-kaRat		‘bitten’
*maket		1. ‘to stick, adhere to’ 2. ‘sticky, adhesive’
*maki-empu		‘grandchild’
*ma-kiluq		‘bent, crooked, twisted’
*ma-kutu		‘having lice, lice-infested’
*malaŋ		‘misfortune, bad luck’
*ma-layu		‘wither’
*malem		‘night, darkness’
*males		‘become soft or weak (of things or people)’
*mali		‘plant: Leea spp.’
*mali-mali		‘plant, Leea spp.’
*ma-linaw		‘calm, still, as the surface of water’
*maliraŋ		‘sulphur’
*ma-lumu		‘soft, tender, gentle’
*mama		1. ‘parent’s younger sibling, junior uncle’ 2. ‘young child’s term of address for his father, vocative of <pwd>*ama</pwd>’
*ma-maja		‘dry up’
*mamaq		1. ‘chew without intending to swallow, as betel nut’ 2. ‘premasticate food to give to an infant’ 3. ‘premasticated food’
*ma-m-atay		‘as if dead?’
*m-ami		‘1pl. excl. genitive, our’
*mamin		‘fish: wrasse spp.’
*mampus		‘use, used up’
*ma-naŋis		‘to weep, to cry’
*ma-ñawa		‘breath’
*maŋa		‘prenominal marker of plurality’
*ma-ŋaen		‘to eat’
*ma-ŋali		‘to dig, dig up’
*maŋaq		‘slit, crevice’
*ma-ŋayaw		‘go headhunting’
*maŋ-inum		‘to drink (trans.)’
*maŋ-qanitu		‘make offering to spirits (?)’
*maŋ-qezen		‘bear down, press out, as in defecation or childbirth’
*maŋsit		‘sour, rancid’
*maŋsit		‘vile smell’
*ma-ñilu		‘painful sensation, teeth or joints’
*ma-nipis		‘thin (of materals)’
*ma-niwaŋ		‘thin, of people and animals’
*mantalaq		‘morning ( evening) star">star: Venus’
*manuk		‘chicken’
*ma-nuka		‘wound’
*manu(k)-manuk		‘bird’
*ma-nunuh		‘to roast’
*ma-nuRuq		‘luck’
*ma-panas		‘warm, hot’
*ma-paqit		‘bitter’
*ma-penuq		‘full’
*ma-pia		‘good’
*ma-pilay		‘lame, crippled’
*ma-piliq		‘choosy, fussy, fastidious’
*mapu		‘taro variety’
*mapu		‘unpleasant odor’
*ma-putiq		‘white’
*ma-qañud		‘drift’
*ma-qasin		‘salty’
*ma-qasiq		‘to pity, have mercy on, feel compassion for’
*ma-qasu		‘smoky’
*ma-qati		1. ‘ebb, of water in streams’ 2. ‘low tide’
*ma-qe(n)sem		‘sour’
*ma-qesak		1. ‘ripe’ 2. ‘cooked’ 3. ‘ready to eat’
*ma-qeti		‘low, of the tide’
*ma-qitem		‘black, deep blue’
*ma-qudip		1. ‘living, alive’ 2. ‘grow, flourish’ 3. ‘fresh’ 4. ‘heal, cure, revive, recover’ 5. ‘vital principle, soul, spirit’ 6. ‘flame’
*ma-qutaŋ		‘in debt, owe’
*ma-Rabun		‘mist’
*maR-anak		1. ‘give birth’ 2. ‘have a child’
*ma-Raqan		‘light in weight’
*maR-kaban		‘friends with, to be a companion of’
*maR-luheq		‘to shed tears, weep’
*ma-Ruqanay		‘male’
*ma-saki-sakit		‘to fall ill, become very sick’
*ma-sakit		‘sick, painful’
*ma-saŋa		‘fork’
*mata		1. ‘eye, face, focal point, center or most prominent part’ 2. ‘hole, aperture’ 3. ‘doorway, window’ 4. ‘budding part of plant’ 5. ‘‘eye’ of coconut’ 6. ‘knot in wood’ 7. ‘sun’ 8. ‘core of a boil’ 9. ‘blade of a knife’ 10. ‘to awaken’ 11. ‘operculum of a snail’ 12. ‘mesh of a net’ 13. ‘eye of a needle’ 14. ‘noose of a trap’ 15. ‘hearth’ 16. ‘direction of the wind’ 17. ‘head of a river’ 18. ‘spring, source’ 19. ‘lid, cover’
*mata nu bisul		‘core of a boil’
*mata nu haŋin		‘point of the compass, direction of the wind’
*mata nu hikan		‘callus on the foot (lit. ‘fish eye’)’
*mata nu kahiw		‘knot in wood’
*mata nu panaq		‘point of an arrow’
*mata nu qatay		‘mental perception’
*mata nu susu		‘nipple of the breast’
*mata nu wahiR		‘spring of water, source of a river’
*mata nu zalan		1. ‘middle of the road, most trodden part of a path or road’ 2. ‘guide who shows the way’
*ma-takaw		‘stolen’
*mata-mata		‘spy, scout, one who looks for possible danger ahead’
*ma-taŋis		‘cry’
*ma-taqu		‘know’
*ma-taqu		‘right side’
*ma-tasak		‘ripe, cooked’
*ma-tawa		‘to laugh’
*m-atay		1. ‘die’ 2. ‘dead’ 3. ‘sick’ 4. ‘tired (of)’ 5. ‘faint, lose consciousness’ 6. ‘eclipse’ 7. ‘new moon’ 8. ‘extinguished’ 9. ‘blocked (path)’ 10. ‘paralyzed’ 11. ‘numb, asleep (limbs)’ 12. ‘die down (wind)’ 13. ‘waterless (springs, rivers)’ 14. ‘dry up (plants)’ 15. ‘beaten (in a game)’ 16. ‘fixed (price)’ 17. ‘terminate a matter, reach an agreement’ 18. ‘disaster’ 19. ‘intensive, superlative’ 20. ‘desire intensely, be deeply in love’
*m-atay m-atay		1. ‘die in throngs’ 2. ‘on the verge of death’
*m-atay-an		‘lose someone through death’
*ma-teRas		‘hard, solid’
*ma-tiduR		‘sleep’
*ma-tuduq		‘leak’
*ma-tuduR		‘sleep’
*ma-tuqah		1. ‘old, of people’ 2. ‘very, extremely’ 3. ‘to die, dead (euphemism)’
*ma-udehi		‘behind, last’
*ma-wanan		‘right side’
*maymay		‘premasticated food for infants’
*ma-zaqat		‘bad, evil’
*ma-zauq		‘far’
*mekmek		‘broken to bits’
*meñak		1. ‘fat, grease’ 2. ‘ointment’
*me(n)tik		‘ant sp. with venomous bite’
*mepis		‘thin’
*mimi		1. ‘to urinate’ 2. ‘urine’
*mimis		‘new shoots of cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica)’
*miñak		1. ‘fat, grease’ 2. ‘ointment’
*minaŋa		‘mouth of a river, estuary’
*mipis		‘thin, of materials’
*miqmiq		‘urine, urinate’
*misik		‘sucking noise made as a signal to another person’
*mismis		‘to suck up, suck out’
*-mu		‘2sg. possessor and agent of passive verb’
*muda		1. ‘young (of fruits)’ 2. ‘immature’ 3. ‘light (of colors)’
*muken		‘omen dove’
*muntay		‘kind of citrus tree and its fruit’
*muquŋ		‘fish sp.’
*musaŋ		‘civet cat and similar small predatory mammals of the family Viverridae’
*mutu		‘damsel fish’
*na		‘already’
*na		‘common noun article’
*na		‘conjunction: and’
*nabek		‘breakers, surf, waves’
*nabuq		‘to fall’
*nakaw		‘steal’
*ñaman		‘tasty, delicious’
*namaw		1. ‘sheltered water: deep place in a river’ 2. ‘cove, harbor, lagoon’
*ñamit		‘taste’
*ñamuk		‘mosquito’
*namut		‘evergreen tree with decorative flowers: Cynometra ramiflora L.’
*namut-namut		‘tree: Cynometra spp.’
*nanaq		‘pus’
*naŋa		‘estuary, mouth of a river’
*naŋa		‘kind of thick rattan’
*ña(ŋ)ket		‘sticky, adhesive’
*naŋuy		‘to swim’
*ñañuk		‘speak indistinctly, mumble’
*nara		‘tree: Pterocarpus indica’
*ñaRa		‘brother (woman speaking)’
*naRah		‘tree: Pterocarpus indica’
*nasu		‘cook by boiling’
*natad		‘cleared area around house, cleared ground in village’
*nateŋ		‘vegetables’
*nati		‘young of animals’
*natuq		‘ovary of an an oviparous animal’
*ñatuq		‘hardwood tree with edible fruit and valuable timber: Palaquium spp.’
*neknek		‘gnat, sandfly, fruit fly’
*ñepñep		‘drink, slurp, suck’
*nepuq		‘stonefish’
*ñepuq		‘stonefish’
*ñeRab		‘yesterday’
*ŋa		‘linker for multiples of ten’
*ŋadas		‘palate’
*ŋa-ijan		‘when?’
*ŋajan		‘name’
*ŋak		‘raucous sound’
*ŋakŋak		‘raucous sound’
*ŋaŋ		‘inarticulate sound’
*ŋaŋa		1. ‘open the mouth wide, gape’ 2. ‘gaping’ 3. ‘opening of a fish trap, basket, etc.’
*ŋa(ŋ)ŋaŋ		‘inarticulate sound’
*ŋaRaq		‘wild duck’
*ŋarŋar		‘fragment, split-off piece’
*ŋasŋas		‘crush with the teeth’
*ŋek		‘grunt’
*ŋekŋek		‘mumble, etc.’
*ŋeŋ		‘buzz, hum’
*ŋeŋeŋ		‘buzz, hum’
*ŋeni		‘beg, ask for’
*ŋepŋep		‘to gasp, have difficulty breathing’
*ŋijuŋ		‘nose’
*ŋik		‘squeal, screech, shriek, etc.’
*ŋikŋik		‘squeal, screech, shriek, etc.’
*ŋiŋ		‘buzz, hum’
*ŋi(ŋ)ŋiŋ		‘buzz, hum’
*ŋisi		‘to grin, show the teeth’
*ŋisŋis		‘grin, show the teeth’
*ŋitŋit		‘annoyance, irritation’
*ŋuda		‘young, of plants’
*ŋuhuR		‘nasal mucus’
*ŋuk		‘grunt, moan, etc.’
*ŋukŋuk		‘grunt, moan, etc.’
*ŋulŋul		‘arthritic or rheumatic pain’
*ŋuŋ		‘buzz, hum’
*ŋu(ŋ)ŋuŋ		‘buzz, hum’
*ŋurut		‘growl, whine’
*ŋutŋut		‘throbbing pain’
*ŋutŋut		‘to gnaw’
*ni aku		‘1sg. agent’
*nihawa		1. ‘breath’ 2. ‘life force, breath soul’ 3. ‘to breathe’ 4. ‘breathe easily, feel comfort, be at ease, have ‘breathing room’’ 5. ‘to rest, take a break’
*niket		‘sticky, adhesive’
*ñikñik		‘tiny biting insect: gnat, sandfly’
*ni-ku		‘1sg genitive ( marker of non-subject agency and possession; my; by me)’
*nilaw		‘bright light’
*nilu		1. ‘intense sensation in teeth when eating sour fruit’ 2. ‘for teeth to be on edge’
*ñilu		‘painful sensation in teeth, as from eating something sour’
*niŋal		‘echo’
*niŋniŋ		‘clear, of water’
*ninih		‘shake, tremble, rock’
*niniq		‘plant sp.: Donax canniformis, used as material for making baskets’
*niniq		‘sandfly’
*nipaq		‘swamp palm: Nipa fruticans’
*nipay		‘snake’
*nipis		‘thinness (of materials)’
*niRu		‘winnowing basket’
*nituq		‘fern: Lygodium spp.’
*niuR		‘coconut’
*niwaŋ		‘thinness, of people and animals’
*nues		‘squid’
*nuka		‘wound’
*nunuk		‘tree: the banyan or strangler fig’
*nuRuq		‘luck’
*nus		‘squid, cuttlefish’
*nusa		‘island’
*p<in>aŋan		1. ‘food’ 2. ‘to feed, nourish’
*p<um>asuk		‘to enter’
*pa-		‘numeral prefix, divide into x (x = numeral)’
*pa-ampu		‘grandparent, possibly vocative’
*pa-beli		‘sell, give in exchange’
*pa-bunuq		‘killer, one who kills’
*pa-danum		‘to irrigate’
*pa-deket		‘to stick or paste on’
*pa-enem		‘divide into six (?)’
*pagal		‘neck shackle to prevent an animal from passing through fences’
*pager		1. ‘enclosure’ 2. ‘palisade around a village’ 3. ‘fence around a planted tree or cultivated field’
*pa-hapuy-an		‘fire’
*pahuq		‘mango tree and its fruit, probably Mangifera altissima’
*pai		‘where?’
*pa-inum		‘give someone something to drink’
*pa-isi		‘contents’
*pak		‘sound of a clap or smack’
*pa(ka)-ajan		‘to name, give a name to’
*pa(ka)-amax		‘treat like a father’
*paka-duha		‘twice, do something twice’
*paka-enem		‘six times’
*paka-epat		‘four times’
*pa(ka)-haŋin		‘expose to the wind’
*pa(ka)-haŋin-haŋin		‘go out for some fresh air’
*paka-lima		‘five times’
*pa(ka)-m-atay		1. ‘kill’ 2. ‘commit suicide (?)’
*pakan		‘weft thread in weaving’
*paka-pija		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*paka-pitu		‘seven times’
*pa(ka)-qasu		‘to smoke, fumigate’
*paka-qudip		‘save, spare the life of’
*paka-Rabiqi		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*pa(ka)-salaq		1. ‘to blame, accuse of error or fault’ 2. ‘to punish’
*paka-takut		‘to frighten, cause to fear’
*paka-taŋis		1. ‘to make someone cry’ 2. ‘to let someone cry’
*paka-telu		‘to triple, multiply by three’
*paka-uliq		‘return something to someone’
*paka-walu		‘eight times’
*pa-kilala		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*pakul		‘fish: triggerfish sp.(?)’
*pakut		‘to bind together’
*pa-lahud		‘sea’
*palaj		‘palm of hand, sole of foot’
*palak		‘shout in anger’
*palaŋ		‘thwart, crosspiece’
*palaqpaq		‘midrib of coconut leaf’
*pa-laRiw		1. ‘run">run away, flee’ 2. ‘flight, escape’ 3. ‘fugitive’
*palata		‘fish sp.’
*pa-lima		‘divide into five (?)’
*paliŋ		‘turn (as the prow of a boat)’
*palu		‘sago flour’
*palu		‘to hammer, to hit with a hard implement’
*pa(m)pa		‘tree: Vitex pubescens’
*panahik		‘climb’
*pa-nakaw		‘steal’
*pañaRu		‘give birth’
*panas		‘type of ginger’
*panas		‘warm, hot’
*panas-i		‘to heat up, warm up’
*panaw		‘fungus infection which produces light patches on the skin: Tinea flava or Pityriasis’
*panaw		‘go, walk away, depart’
*panay		‘dish, bowl (of clay or wood)’
*pandak		‘short in height, squat and compact in build, of a person’
*paŋ		‘bang! loud popping sound’
*paŋan		1. ‘food’ 2. ‘to feed’
*paŋedan		‘pandanus’
*paŋ-inum		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*panid		‘wing’
*paniki		‘fruit bat, flying fox: Pteropus spp.’
*pa(n)tar		‘level, flat’
*pa(n)tar		1. ‘shelf’ 2. ‘bed frame of wooden or bamboo laths’
*papa		‘father’
*papak		‘to break, chip off’
*papan		1. ‘plank, board’ 2. ‘floor boards of house’
*papaq		‘frond of a palm’
*pa-p-atay		‘kill’
*pa-penuq		‘to fill, cause to become full’
*pa-putiq		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*paqa		‘stalk or stem of a plant’
*pa-qasawa		‘marry off, cause to get married’
*paqet		‘wood-working tool: chisel’
*paqit		‘bitter(ness)’
*paqpaq		‘midrib of coconut frond’
*paqpaq		‘premasticate food for infant’
*paRa		‘collective particle’
*para		‘coconut embryo’
*paRa paRa		1. ‘storage shelf’ 2. ‘attic, loft’
*paRada		‘handle of an axe or adze’
*paRaek		‘hoarse’
*paraqu		‘boat’
*paR-epat-en		‘divide into four (?)’
*paRih		‘sting’
*paRih manuk		‘ray’
*parud		‘rasp, file’
*paRut		‘pluck, uproot’
*pa-sakit		1. ‘hurt someone’ 2. ‘make someone sick’
*pasaŋ		‘pair, matching set’
*pasaqan		‘carry on the shoulders’
*pa-siku		‘knock someone or something with the elbow’
*pasuŋ		‘cheek bone’
*pa-takut		‘to frighten, make afraid’
*pa-taŋis		1. ‘to make someone cry’ 2. ‘to let someone cry’
*pataq		‘break, broken, cut through’
*pataR		‘shelf’
*pa-taRuq		‘something given to another for safekeeping (?)’
*p-atay		‘kill’
*pa-telu		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*pa-tuba		‘to stun fish with plant poisons’
*patuRu		‘cycad: Cycas rumphii’
*pa-uliq		‘return, send back’
*pauq		‘tree: Ochrosia oppositifolia’
*paya		‘kind of small fish, probably sardine or anchovy’
*peceq		1. ‘break into several large pieces’ 2. ‘to hatch, of an egg’
*pedet		‘tight in tightly’
*peka		‘separate, disconnect’
*pekaŋ		‘stretch open or apart’
*peket		‘sticky, adhesive’
*pekuq		‘bend, curve’
*peluk		‘bend, curve’
*pened		‘formal gathering, as of chiefs’
*pened		‘stopped up, plugged’
*peŋ		‘dull sound’
*peŋa		‘fork of a branch’
*peñu		‘green turtle, Chelonia mydas’
*penuq sakay		‘overwhem in numbers?’
*pe(R)cit		‘squeeze, squirt out’
*periŋ		‘bamboo sp.’
*pes		‘sound of escaping air, etc.’
*pesak		1. ‘break into several large pieces’ 2. ‘hatch’
*pespes		1. ‘squeeze out’ 2. ‘massage’
*pesu		‘hole in something’
*pesuk		1. ‘have a hole’ 2. ‘perforated’
*peta		‘shatter, break’
*pezeŋ		‘close the eyes’
*pia		‘goodness’
*pia		‘to want, desire’
*pian		‘want, desire, wish or long for’
*picak		‘crush, press in’
*picik		‘splash, spray, sprinkle’
*picit		‘squeeze out’
*piek		‘peep, cheep’
*pihpih		‘cheeks, temples’
*p-ijan		‘when?’
*pikak		‘make a harsh throaty sound’
*pikaŋ		‘spread wide apart, as the legs or any two things joined at a point’
*pikel		‘bend, curve’
*pikik		‘chirp, squeak’
*pikit		‘sticking to, attached to, joined’
*pikul		‘bend, curve’
*pikut		‘to bend over, as a person’
*pilaɁ		‘scar’
*piliq piliq		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*piliq-an		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*pilit		‘paste, stick to’
*pilu		‘large marine fish, the jackfish or trevally’
*piluq		‘to fold’
*pin-duha		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*piŋ(e)qut		‘nasal mucus, snot’
*piŋkaw		‘bent, crooked’
*pi(ŋ)keR		‘bend, turn’
*pi(ŋ)kuk		‘bend, curve’
*piŋus		‘nasal mucus, snot’
*pi(n)tak		‘split’
*pi(n)tik		‘throb, beat’
*pipis		‘to crush or mash between two hard surfaces’
*piqek		1. ‘baby chick’ 2. ‘to peep, of chicks’
*piRah		‘roe, eggs of fish or crustacean’
*piRah-an		‘laden with roe, of a fish or crustacean’
*pirit		‘plait a cord, twist, wrap around’
*pisaw		‘kind of knife or machete’
*pispis		‘to squeeze’
*pitak		‘mud’
*pitak		‘split’
*pitik		‘to fillip, flick with the finger’
*pitu ŋa puluq		‘seven’
*pitu ŋa Ratus		‘seven hundred (700)’
*pituŋ		‘bamboo sp.’
*piut		‘relative of the third or fourth ascending or descending generation’
*puaŋ		‘title of respect’
*pucek		‘press in by force’
*pucut		‘spurt out’
*pudul		‘blunt, dull’
*pudun		1. ‘wind thread, etc. into a ball’ 2. ‘spool’
*-pudus		‘whirlwind, whirlpool’
*puk		‘pop!, plop!, splash!’
*pukaq		‘break off’
*puket		‘dragnet’
*pula		‘red’
*pulaq		‘red’
*pules		‘twist, wring’
*puliŋ		‘turn round, rotate’
*pulis		‘twist, wring’
*pulit		‘twine around’
*pulut		‘birdlime, sticky sap of breadfruit, etc.’
*puna		‘source, origin’
*punaŋ		‘source, origin’
*punas		‘wipe off, wipe out’
*punay punay		‘greenish fruit dove’
*puŋgul		‘prune, cut off the tip’
*pu(ŋ)kaq		‘break off’
*puŋu		‘bunch, cluster (of grain, fruit, areca nuts, etc.)’
*puŋun		‘bunch, cluster’
*puni		‘tree fern’
*pupu		‘pick, pluck (as fruit)’
*puqas		‘to abate, of strong feelings’
*puqpuq		‘pick, pluck (as fruit)’
*puqun		1. ‘base of a tree’ 2. ‘cause’ 3. ‘source, origin’ 4. ‘beginning’ 5. ‘foot of a hill or mountain’ 6. ‘first wife’ 7. ‘model or example (to be copied)’ 8. ‘expression for the mother’s brother’
*puqun nu kahiw		‘tree (lit. ‘foundation/ origin of wood’)’
*puqun nu laŋit		1. ‘horizon (lit. ‘foundation/ beginning of the sky’)’ 2. ‘stranger, foreigner’
*puRcit		‘spurt or gush out’
*puRiq		‘wash, as the hands’
*puRu		‘skin disease: framboesia, yaws’
*pus		‘hiss, whizzing sound’
*pusej		1. ‘navel, umbilicus’ 2. ‘mid-point or center of something’
*pusuŋ		1. ‘heart’ 2. ‘heart of banana’
*pusuq		1. ‘heart of a person or animal’ 2. ‘purple heart-shaped inflorescence of banana plant’
*pusuq		‘sticky rice cake’
*putaR		‘to turn’
*putat		‘trees in the genus Barringtonia’
*putiq		‘white’
*putput		‘puff, blow, expel air rapidly, as in using a blowgun’
*putul		‘to break off, cut off’
*putuŋ		‘bamboo used as a storage container’
*q<in>uma		‘cultivated field, garden’
*q<um>anit		‘to skin an animal’
*(q)<um>una		1. ‘to do or go first’ 2. ‘to lead’
*q<um>uzan		‘to rain’
*qabaRa		1. ‘shoulder’ 2. ‘carry on the shoulder’
*qabaRa		‘topmost hand of banana stalk’
*qabated		‘sago grub’
*qabateR		‘sago grub’
*qabatiR		‘sago grub’
*qabin		‘hold or carry under the arm’
*qabu		1. ‘ash, hearth, cinder, powder, dust’ 2. ‘gray’
*qabuk		‘dust, sawdust’
*qadep		‘front, facing part’
*qahelu		‘pestle’
*qajeŋ		‘charcoal’
*qajeŋ i batu		‘coal, anthracite’
*qala-matek		‘jungle leech, Haemadipsa spp.’
*qalap qatay		‘(lit. 'fetch the liver') capture someone's fancy’
*qalejaw		‘day’
*qalejaw-qalejaw		‘daily, every day’
*qaliliŋ		‘cateye shell’
*qali-maŋaw		‘mangrove crab’
*qali-maŋu		‘mangrove crab’
*qali-petpet		‘firefly’
*qali-puspus		1. ‘whirlwind’ 2. ‘hair whorl’
*qaliR		‘to flow’
*qaliR-an		‘place where water flows’
*qalu		‘fish: barracuda sp.’
*qalu-hipan		‘centipede’
*qalun		‘long rolling wave, swell, billow’
*qalunan		‘wooden headrest, pillow’
*qaluR		‘current, deep channel in the middle of a river’
*qamataq		‘raw, eat something raw’
*qambaR		‘tasteless, insipid’
*qambat		1. ‘ambush, block the way’ 2. ‘obstacle, hindrance’
*qamihan		‘north wind’
*qa(m)pelas		‘tree with leaves like sandpaper: Ficus spp.’
*qa(m)pus		‘come to an destroy, be destroyed’
*qanahaw		‘sugar palm: Arenga spp.’
*qaneb		‘close a door’
*qaneb-an		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*qaŋab		‘gape, open the mouth wide’
*qaŋap		‘gape, open the mouth wide’
*qaŋeRih		‘stench of spoiling fish’
*qaŋet		‘anger’
*qaŋiR		‘fetid, foul-smelling’
*qanibuŋ		‘palm, probably Oncosperma sp.’
*qanih		1. ‘harvest’ 2. ‘to harvest’
*qanilaw		1. ‘tree’ 2. ‘Grewia spp.’
*qaninu		‘shadow, reflection’
*qani-Ruan		‘small bee: Apis indica’
*qanit		‘animal skin, hide, leather’
*qanitu		1. ‘ghost, ancestral spirit’ 2. ‘nature spirit’ 3. ‘corpse’ 4. ‘owl’ 5. ‘various plants’
*qanuaŋ		‘large ruminant species: carabao, water buffalo (?)’
*qanunu		‘shadow’
*qanup-an		‘hunt’
*qanup-en		‘hunt’
*qapah		‘empty husk (of rice, etc.)’
*qapaliR		‘surgeonfish: Acanthurus spp.’
*qapij		1. ‘twins’ 2. ‘double banana’
*qapit		‘tongs, anything used to hold things together by pinching’
*qaRa		‘tree: Ficus spp.’
*qari-ñuan		‘small bee: Apis indica’
*qaRsam		‘fern sp.’
*qaRta		‘outsiders, alien people’
*qaRuas		‘young growth stage of mullet’
*qaRuhu		‘shore tree: Casuarina equisetifolia’
*qaRus		‘current, flow’
*qasiq		‘pity, compassion, affection, love, sympathy, forgiveness’
*qasu		‘fetch water, scoop up water’
*qasu		1. ‘smoke, fumes, steam’ 2. ‘to smoke (as a fire)’
*qasu qasu		‘give off smoke continuously, pour out smoke’
*qatay		1. ‘liver’ 2. ‘seat of the emotions, inner self: core, mind, will, desire, feeling, intelligence, understanding’ 3. ‘to want or wish’ 4. ‘hollow of the palm of the hand or sole of the foot’ 5. ‘pith, as of bamboo’
*qatay qatay		‘climbing plant: Wedelia biflora’
*qatay-an		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*qateluR		1. ‘egg’ 2. ‘testicle’
*qatep		‘roof, thatch’
*qati		1. ‘ebb, of water in streams’ 2. ‘low tide’
*qatimun		‘cucumber: Cucumis sativa L.’
*qatiŋ		‘sweat, perspiration’
*qatip		‘breast beam of a back loom’
*qatip		‘pinch, squeeze, press together’
*qatuan		‘deity’
*qatulay		‘fish: the big-eyed scad Trachurops crumenophthalmus’
*qatuR		1. ‘pave with stones’ 2. ‘pile or stack up, arrange, order, put in sequence’
*qauR		‘type of large bamboo’
*qawa		‘fish sp.: the milkfish, Chanos chanos’
*qawan		‘fish sp.: the milkfish, Chanos chanos’
*qawas		‘fish sp.: mullet sp., Neomyxus chaptalii’
*qayuyu		‘coconut crab: Birgus latro’
*qazay		‘chin, jaw’
*qekak		‘choke, gasp, struggle for breath’
*qekqek		‘to cough’
*qelad		‘wing’
*qelaŋ		‘intervening space’
*qelet		‘interval, space between’
*qembus		1. ‘blow hard’ 2. ‘snort, pant’
*qempeŋ		‘impede, obstruct, restrain’
*qenay qenay		‘sand’
*qeneb		‘spread all over’
*qeneb		1. ‘to close, shut’ 2. ‘door’
*qeñek		‘press down, squash’
*qeneŋ		‘quiet, still, at rest’
*qeŋkem		1. ‘enclose’ 2. ‘hold something inside the mouth’

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OUTOFPAPUA database: Lexicons of the West Papuan language area

Blust & Trussel (2019b): Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

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