Blust & Trussel (2019b): Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
Search entries
| Headword | IPA | Glosses | |
|---|---|---|---|
| *qe(n)sem | ‘sour’ |
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| *qentek | ‘stamp on’ |
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| *qentep | ‘close, shut’ |
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| *qenuR | ‘animal path, trail’ |
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| *qenuR-an | ‘animal haunt, place frequented by animals’ |
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| *qeRut | ‘bind tightly’ |
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| *qeta | ‘rice husk, rice bran’ |
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| *qetak | ‘slam down, ram down’ |
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| *qeteŋ | ‘obstruction, barrier’ |
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| *qetes | ‘chop, hack, cut off’ |
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| *qeti | 1. ‘ebb tide’ 2. ‘coral reefs and sandbanks exposed at low tide’ 3. ‘evaporate, dry up, of water in cooking, in a river, etc.’ |
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| *qeti | ‘fish’ |
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| *qeti | 1. ‘stop, end, finish, complete’ 2. ‘finished, used up’ |
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| *qetqet | ‘tight, constricted’ |
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| *qetut | 1. ‘fart, flatulence’ 2. ‘expression of disbelief or denial’ |
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| *qezen | ‘bear’ |
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| *qi | ‘exclamation of pain, fear, excitement, etc.’ |
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| *qi | ‘genitive marker (cf *)’ |
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| *qibaw | ‘edible shellfish’ |
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| *qila | ‘any natural mark on human skin: birthmark, freckle, mole’ |
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| *qilaŋ | ‘lose, disappear, be lost (as possessions)’ |
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| *qila-qila | ‘have dark blotches on the skin’ |
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| *qilaw | 1. ‘torch’ 2. ‘illuminate’ |
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| *qilem | ‘dim, dark, obscure’ |
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| *qilih | ‘mountain’ |
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| *qimpas | ‘paid off, of a debt’ |
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| *qi(m)pun | 1. ‘collect, collection’ 2. ‘to gather, heap up’ |
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| *qina | ‘astonish of astonishment, fright, etc.’ |
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| *qiŋet | ‘angry, upset’ |
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| *qiŋga | 1. ‘until, as far as’ 2. ‘limit, boundary’ |
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| *qio | 1. ‘affirm’ 2. ‘expression of affirmation’ |
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| *qipil | ‘hardwood tree: *Intsia bijuga*, *Afzelia bijuga*’ |
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| *qipit | 1. ‘pincer of crustaceans’ 2. ‘press together, pinch, squeeze’ |
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| *qiris | ‘cut, slice’ |
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| *qis | ‘interjection of disapproval or disgust’ |
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| *qisaq | ‘interjection of negative emotive force’ |
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| *qisep | ‘suck’ |
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| *qitaq | ‘aggressive’ |
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| *qiteluR | 1. ‘egg’ 2. ‘testicle’ |
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| *qiteluR ni manuk | ‘chicken egg’ |
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| *qitem | ‘black’ |
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| *qitiŋ | ‘bunch of bananas’ |
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| *qitqit | ‘gnaw, nibble at’ |
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| *qiuk | ‘cluck, squawk’ |
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| *qiuŋ | ‘buzz of buzzing or droning’ |
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| *qu | ‘exclamation of acknowledgement, surprise, etc.’ |
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| *quban | ‘gray hair’ |
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| *qubi | ‘yam: *Dioscorea alata Linn.*’ |
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| *qubuj | ‘heart of palm, palm-cabbage’ |
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| *qubus | ‘finished, gone’ |
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| *quhaw | ‘thirst’ |
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| *quhenap | ‘scale of fish’ |
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| *quhuŋ | ‘edible mushroom’ |
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| *qukaq | ‘loosen, open’ |
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| *qulej | ‘maggot, caterpillar, larva of a metamorphosing insect’ |
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| *qulej bulu-an | ‘hair’ |
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| *qulej qulej | 1. ‘lots of worms’ 2. ‘crawling with worms, extremely wormy’ |
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| *qulej-an | ‘have worms’ |
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| *qulej-en | ‘infested with worms, worm-eaten’ |
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| *qules | 1. ‘clothing’ 2. ‘wrapping’ |
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| *quli | ‘knead, mix together’ |
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| *qulin | 1. ‘rudder’ 2. ‘steer (a boat)’ |
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| *quliŋ | 1. ‘rudder’ 2. ‘steer (a boat)’ |
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| *qulu | 1. ‘head’ 2. ‘top part’ 3. ‘leader, chief’ 4. ‘headwaters’ 5. ‘handle of a bladed implement’ 6. ‘prow of a boat’ 7. ‘first, first-born’ |
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| *qulu ni batu | ‘stubborn’ |
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| *qulu ni wahiR | ‘head’ |
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| *qulu tuhud | ‘knee’ |
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| *qulu tuhud | ‘knee’ |
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| *qulu-an | ‘head-end, upper part’ |
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| *qulun | ‘outsiders, alien people’ |
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| *qulun | ‘rest the head on’ |
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| *qulun-an | ‘place where one rests the head: wooden headrest’ |
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| *quma | 1. ‘swiddden’ 2. ‘work a swidden’ |
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| *qumaŋ qumaŋ | ‘hermit crab’ |
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| *qumay | ‘unicorn fish, *Naso* spp.’ |
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| *qumi | ‘unicorn fish, *Naso* spp.’ |
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| *qumpan | 1. ‘bait’ 2. ‘fodder’ |
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| *qumun | ‘earth oven’ |
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| *qunap qunap | ‘fish scales (collective?)’ |
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| *qunej | 1. ‘pith of plants or trees’ 2. ‘core or middle of something’ |
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| *quŋal | ‘mournful howl of a dog’ |
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| *qu(ŋ)kaq | ‘pry open’ |
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| *quŋkut | ‘hunched over, bowed (as with age)’ |
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| *quntu | ‘tusks of a boar’ |
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| *qunus | ‘move along’ |
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| *qunus qunus | ‘move along’ |
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| *qunzur | ‘thrust out, extend forward’ |
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| *qupa | ‘hen, egg-laying chicken’ |
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| *ququs | ‘chew’ |
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| *qurit | ‘stroke, stripe, line’ |
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| *quruŋ | 1. ‘gather, collect’ 2. ‘swarm around’ |
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| *quRut | ‘massage’ |
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| *qusuŋ | ‘carry between two persons’ |
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| *qutan | 1. ‘small, wild herbaceous plants’ 2. ‘scrub-land, bush’ |
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| *qutaŋ | ‘debt’ |
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| *qutek | 1. ‘brain’ 2. ‘marrow’ |
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| *qutin | ‘penis’ |
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| *qutud | ‘fish sp.’ |
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| *qutun | ‘green jobfish: *Aprion virescens*’ |
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| *qutut | 1. ‘flatulence’ 2. ‘to fart’ |
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| *quzan | ‘rain’ |
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| *quzan batu | ‘hail (lit. ‘ stone rain’)’ |
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| *quzan batu | ‘hail, hailstone’ |
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| *quzan buaq | 1. ‘hail’ 2. ‘hailstone’ |
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| *quzan quzan | ‘rain intermittently’ |
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| *quzan-i | ‘to rain on (something)’ |
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| *quzuŋ | 1. ‘mountain peak, cape of land’ 2. ‘tip of anything’ |
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| *Rabiqi | 1. ‘late afternoon, evening’ 2. ‘evening meal’ 3. ‘yesterday’ |
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| *Rabuk | 1. ‘decaying wood’ 2. ‘dust, powder’ |
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| *Rabun | 1. ‘drizzling rain, mist’ 2. ‘fog’ |
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| *Rabut | ‘uproot, pull out by the roots’ |
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| *Radut | ‘pluck, pull out’ |
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| *Rahuŋ | ‘ambush, attack from concealment’ |
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| *ra-ina | ‘mother’ |
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| *rakaq | ‘open’ |
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| *raket | ‘sticky, adhesive’ |
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| *Rakit | 1. ‘lay long objects side by side’ 2. ‘raft’ |
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| *Rakut | ‘tie together’ |
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| *ra(m)bek | ‘strike, break’ |
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| *Rambia | ‘sago palm’ |
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| *ra(m)buk | ‘knock, pound, beat’ |
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| *rambuk | ‘knock, pound, beat’ |
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| *Ramut | ‘fibrous roots, as of grass’ |
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| *Raŋa | ‘open the mouth wide’ |
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| *Raŋa | ‘spider conch: *Lambis lambis*’ |
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| *Raŋak | ‘spider conch: *Lambis lambis*’ |
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| *RaŋaR | ‘spider conch: *Lambis lambis*’ |
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| *raŋ(e)pas | ‘to plunder, rob’ |
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| *raŋkep | ‘unite, do simultaneously’ |
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| *ra(ŋ)kup | ‘cup in the cupped hands’ |
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| *Raŋu | ‘dry’ |
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| *Rantaŋ | ‘carry’ |
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| *ra(n)tas | ‘cut through, tear’ |
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| *rapat | ‘to attack’ |
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| *rapet | ‘join together, attach tightly’ |
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| *Rapus | 1. ‘to bind, tie the hands or feet, as a person in detention, or an animal to be slaughtered’ 2. ‘restraining rope’ |
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| *Raqan | ‘lightness (weight)’ |
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| *Raqup | ‘cup the hands’ |
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| *rara | ‘red’ |
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| *Rataq | ‘coconut milk’ |
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| *Ratas | ‘milk’ |
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| *Ratas | ‘sever, tear’ |
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| *Ratus | ‘hundred’ |
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| *raut | ‘peel rattan’ |
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| *rawan | ‘strong emotion’ |
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| *Rebek | ‘to fly’ |
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| *rebuk | ‘dry rot in wood’ |
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| *rebuŋ | ‘plant shoot. esp. bamboo shoot’ |
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| *rebut | ‘to tear out’ |
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| *recik | ‘speckled, stained’ |
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| *rekut | ‘curl’ |
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| *rembur | ‘mix together’ |
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| *Remek | 1. ‘crush, pulverize’ 2. ‘crumble’ |
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| *remek | 1. ‘crush">crush, pulverize’ 2. ‘crumble’ |
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| *re(m)pak | ‘brittle, crumbly, friable’ |
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| *Re(m)puk | ‘crumbling, of wood’ |
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| *rempun | ‘gather together’ |
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| *remuk | ‘crumble, fall to bits’ |
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| *Reneg | ‘press down’ |
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| *Reŋet | ‘angry, annoyed’ |
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| *reŋet | ‘angry’ |
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| *re(ŋ)geŋ | ‘dull resonance’ |
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| *re(ŋ)guk | ‘deep throaty sound’ |
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| *reŋit | ‘grimace at pain’ |
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| *re(ŋ)kaq | ‘force open’ |
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| *Re(ŋ)kem | ‘grasp in the fist’ |
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| *Re(ŋ)keŋ | ‘shrink, contract’ |
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| *reŋut | 1. ‘wrinkled’ 2. ‘frown’ |
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| *re(n)zak | ‘step on, place one's foot on’ |
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| *Repak | ‘break to pieces’ |
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| *repek | 1. ‘brittle, friable’ 2. ‘to crumble’ |
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| *repuk | ‘fragile, brittle, easily broken, of wood’ |
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| *reput | ‘brittle to brittleness, of wood’ |
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| *retuk | ‘hit, pound, chop’ |
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| *riba | ‘lap’ |
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| *Ribu | ‘thousand’ |
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| *ribut | ‘storm’ |
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| *rikas | ‘quick, fast’ |
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| *Ri(m)pit | 1. ‘squeeze between’ 2. ‘pinch, take between fingers’ |
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| *rimpuk | ‘strike together’ |
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| *rimpuŋ | ‘tie">tie the feet together’ |
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| *riŋis | ‘bare the teeth in smiling or laughing’ |
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| *rintik | ‘steady dripping, as of sweat or drizzling rain’ |
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| *riqas | ‘split’ |
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| *Risi | ‘tear, split, cut’ |
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| *Risiq | ‘tear, split, cut’ |
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| *Ruab | ‘high tide, tidal flow’ |
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| *Rujan | ‘cargo, load (on a boat)’ |
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| *Rumbia | ‘sago palm’ |
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| *rumpak | ‘thud, strike against’ |
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| *ru(n)duŋ | ‘shelter’ |
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| *ru(ŋ)guŋ | ‘thunder’ |
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| *Ruŋkeb | ‘cover over, cover up’ |
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| *Runut | ‘plant fibers’ |
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| *rupuk | ‘crack’ |
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| *Ruqanay | ‘male’ |
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| *rusuk | ‘pierce, stab’ |
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| *rutas | ‘sever, tear’ |
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| *s<in>aŋelaR | ‘food that is dry roasted’ |
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| *s<um>unaR | ‘to shine, radiate light’ |
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| *sa buliR | ‘one stem, one stalk’ |
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| *sabaŋ | ‘estuary, shore near the mouth of a river’ |
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| *sa-buaq | ‘one (unit)’ |
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| *sabuR | 1. ‘to sow, scatter’ 2. ‘scattered about’ 3. ‘splash water on something’ |
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| *saet | ‘spear, to spear’ |
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| *sagu | ‘processed sago, prepared starch from the sago palm’ |
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| *sai | ‘who?’ |
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| *sai sai | ‘who’ |
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| *sakaŋ | ‘bowlegged’ |
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| *sakaRu | ‘reef’ |
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| *sakay | ‘catch a ride, join a group, ride on something’ |
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| *sakay | ‘to climb, ascend, rise up’ |
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| *sakep | ‘catch, seize’ |
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| *sakil | 1. ‘rest the foot on’ 2. ‘touch or knock with the foot’ |
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| *sakit | ‘sick, painful’ |
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| *saku | ‘extract the pith from the sago palm’ |
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| *saku | ‘needlefish, young of *Istiophorus* spp.’ |
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| *saku-layaR | ‘sailfish, swordfish’ |
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| *sakup | ‘to catch’ |
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| *saladeŋ | ‘male deer, buck (?)’ |
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| *salaq | 1. ‘wrong, in error (of behavior)’ 2. ‘miss (a target)’ 3. ‘mistake, error, fault’ |
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| *salaq salaq | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
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| *salaR | ‘nest’ |
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| *saleR | ‘floor of a house’ |
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| *saliR | ‘to flow, of water’ |
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| *sama-sama | ‘with no difference, equally to both’ |
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| *sambak | ‘hit, strike a heavy blow’ |
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| *sa(m)bar | ‘seize in the mouth or beak’ |
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| *sampay | ‘drape over the shoulder or from a line, as a cloth’ |
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| *sampay | ‘up to, as far as, until’ |
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| *sampay-an | ‘clothes cloth, place to hang washed clothing’ |
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| *sanaR | ‘to shine, of the sun’ |
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| *sanday | ‘to lean or rest on’ |
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| *sandeR | ‘lean against, lean or incline on’ |
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| *sandiR | ‘lean against, lean or incline on’ |
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| *saŋa | ‘bifurcation, fork of a branch’ |
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| *sa-ŋa-puluq | ‘ten’ |
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| *sa-ŋa-Ratus | ‘one hundred’ |
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| *saŋa-saŋa | ‘starfish’ |
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| *saŋelaR | ‘to stir-fry, cook in a frying pan without oil’ |
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| *sa(ŋ)kit | ‘tie, fasten together’ |
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| *sanu | ‘person whose name is avoided or cannot be remembered: So-and-so’ |
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| *sapa | ‘what?’ |
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| *sapak | 1. ‘crack, split, break’ 2. ‘sound of cracking, splitting, breaking’ |
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| *sapu | 1. ‘to wipe off or brush off’ 2. ‘broom’ |
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| *sapuk | ‘fine dust, airborne dust’ |
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| *saput | 1. ‘burial shroud’ 2. ‘to enshroud a corpse’ |
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| *saqebit | 1. ‘hook on to something’ 2. ‘entangle’ |
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| *saq(e)buR | ‘to strew, sow, sprinkle’ |
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| *saRep | ‘save, rescue’ |
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| *saRman | ‘outrigger float’ |
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| *saRu | ‘comb’ |
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| *saRuk | ‘step into clothing, put on a sarong’ |
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| *saruk | 1. ‘scoop up in a net’ 2. ‘fetch water by scooping up’ |
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| *saRup | ‘scoop up with both hands’ |
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| *saRup | ‘sing in unison’ |
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| *saRut | ‘answer, reply’ |
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| *sasah | ‘cut or collect palm leaves for roofing’ |
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| *sau | 1. ‘word’ 2. ‘talk’ 3. ‘conversation’ 4. ‘language’ |
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| *sauq | ‘anchor’ |
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| *saut | ‘comb’ |
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| *sawa | ‘python’ |
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| *sawaq | ‘channel’ |
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| *sebuh | 1. ‘douse a fire, extinguish a fire with water’ 2. ‘to hiss, as water on fire’ |
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| *sedep | ‘to set (of the sun)’ |
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| *sekaŋ | ‘crossbar, strut, something to hold things apart’ |
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| *sekep | ‘keep secret, cover up’ |
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| *sekuk | ‘to sob, choke, have broken respiration’ |
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| *selep | ‘enter, penetrate’ |
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| *selet | ‘insert between’ |
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| *selu | ‘fish with a thin, elongated body: long tom’ |
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| *se(m)bek | ‘muffled sound of a gasp, etc.’ |
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| *sendem | ‘brood, think, be silent’ |
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| *sendiR | ‘to lean on or against’ |
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| *seŋ(e)hij | ‘acrid, pungent, of odor’ |
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| *seŋ(e)hit | ‘acrid, pungent, of odor’ |
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| *seŋet | ‘acrid, pungent, of odor’ |
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| *se(ŋ)ger | ‘feel fit, healthy’ |
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| *seŋkar | 1. ‘transverse beams that support the roof of a house’ 2. ‘thwart or ribs of a boat’ |
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| *sepaŋ | ‘thorn’ |
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| *sepet | ‘obstruct’ |
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| *sepsep-i | ‘to sip, to suck’ |
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| *serep | ‘penetrate’ |
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| *si ida | ‘they’ |
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| *siDsiD | ‘sail along the coast, follow the coast in voyaging’ |
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| *siga | ‘spark, bright light’ |
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| *sihul | ‘to whistle’ |
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| *siji | ‘separate the chaff from the grain’ |
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| *sika | ‘to chase away or shoo off small animals’ |
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| *sikek | ‘kingfisher: *Halcyon* spp.’ |
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| *siksik | 1. ‘scale of fish, lizard or snake’ 2. ‘shell of turtle or tortoise’ |
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| *sikut | ‘bent, of the arm’ |
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| *sila | ‘outpouring of light’ |
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| *silak | ‘beam of light’ |
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| *silap | ‘sparkle, dazzle’ |
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| *silaq | ‘outpouring of light’ |
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| *silaw | ‘dazzling, of light’ |
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| *sileŋ | ‘look askance’ |
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| *sili | ‘dazzle’ |
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| *simbuR | ‘to sprinkle’ |
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| *simpa | ‘slanting, sloping’ |
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| *simpaŋ | 1. ‘side path, branch or fork in path or stream’ 2. ‘take a side path or way’ 3. ‘crossroads’ |
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| *si(m)pet | ‘close, shut off’ |
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| *sinaR | ‘sun’ |
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| *sindar | ‘light, bright’ |
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| *si(n)duk | ‘spoon, ladle’ |
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| *siŋaR | 1. ‘ray of light’ 2. ‘to shine’ |
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| *siŋ(e)qit | ‘fit snugly, as bowstring in arrow notch’ |
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| *siŋkab | ‘open, uncover’ |
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| *si(ŋ)ket | ‘stick, adhere to’ |
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| *si(ŋ)kuk | ‘have a stiff or bent arm’ |
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| *siŋkul | ‘bent, of the arm’ |
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| *siRa | ‘red, reddish color of flames’ |
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| *sirak | ‘outpouring of light’ |
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| *siRaq | ‘reddish, color of flames’ |
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| *siraq | ‘to split open’ |
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| *siRi | ‘shrub: *Cordyline*, *Dracaena*’ |
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| *sisi | ‘small snail or periwinkle’ |
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| *sisir | 1. ‘comb, comb-like structure’ 2. ‘rake, harrow’ |
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| *sit | ‘sputter of sputtering, sizzling, etc.’ |
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| *sitsit | ‘hiss’ |
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| *siuk | 1. ‘hiss’ 2. ‘whistle’ |
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| *siwa | ‘nine’ |
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| *siwaŋ | 1. ‘gap, open space’ 2. ‘groove’ |
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| *sual | 1. ‘root up the ground, of a pig’ 2. ‘uproot’ |
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| *suaR | ‘lift up with a lever, lever up, root up’ |
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| *suat | ‘kind of comb’ |
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| *suat | ‘root up, lever up’ |
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| *suba | ‘spit, saliva’ |
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| *sudu | ‘spoon, ladle, scoop’ |
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| *suduk | ‘spoon, ladle, spade, shovel’ |
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| *suja | ‘pitfall or trail spikes made of sharpened bamboo’ |
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| *suka | ‘tree: *Gnetum gnemon*’ |
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| *suksuk-i | ‘to insert, cram, stuff’ |
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| *suku | 1. ‘one quarter’ 2. ‘designation for a division of society, probably a lineage’ |
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| *sukul | ‘cornered, unable to escape’ |
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| *sukul | ‘to measure vertically’ |
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| *sukun | ‘breadfruit sp.’ |
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| *sulam | ‘pierce or remove with a needle’ |
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| *suled | ‘insert, plug’ |
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| *sulen | ‘insert, plug’ |
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| *suli | ‘plant shoot, sprout, cutting’ |
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| *suli | ‘taro’ |
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| *sulig | ‘fish, the fusilier: *Caesionidae* sp.’ |
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| *suliq | ‘to reverse, turn around’ |
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| *sulsul | ‘follow the edge of a body of water, as in going upstream’ |
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| *suluŋ | ‘put on clothing, wrap around body’ |
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| *suluŋ | ‘shelter’ |
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| *suluq | ‘torch, probably of dried palm frond’ |
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| *sumaŋed | 1. ‘soul of a living being’ 2. ‘soul of the rice plant’ |
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| *sumaŋet nu pajay | ‘soul of the rice plant’ |
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| *sumpit | ‘blowpipe, blowgun’ |
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| *sunaR | ‘light, radiance’ |
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| *su(ŋ)kab | ‘to open, break open’ |
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| *su(ŋ)kit | ‘pick or knock down fruit with a pole’ |
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| *suŋkit | 1. ‘pierce, as wth a needle’ 2. ‘extract by piercing’ |
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| *su(ŋ)kuk | ‘hang one's head’ |
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| *suŋut | ‘labial circle’ |
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| *sunuR | ‘set fire to, smoke out’ |
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| *supaq | ‘to spit, expectorate’ |
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| *supu | ‘boundary, border’ |
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| *suqan | ‘digging stick’ |
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| *surup | 1. ‘enter, penetrate’ 2. ‘to set, of the sun’ |
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| *susu | ‘banana or plantain sp.’ |
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| *susun | ‘to stack up, pile in layers’ |
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| *susuq | ‘edible snail’ |
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| *sutsut | ‘to lose weight, grow thin’ |
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| *t<an>uzuq | ‘index finger’ |
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| *t<in>alih | 1. ‘was made into rope’ 2. ‘what was made into rope’ |
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| *t<in>anek | ‘boiled foods other than rice’ |
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| *t<in>apa | ‘smoke’ |
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| *t<in>aqay | ‘intestines’ |
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| *t<in>aqi | ‘small intestine’ |
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| *t<in>uduR | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
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| *t<in>unuh | ‘roast’ |
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| *t<um>akut | ‘become afraid’ |
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| *t<um>alih | ‘to twist into rope (?)’ |
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| *t<um>anek | ‘to cook anything but rice’ |
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| *t<um>aqi | ‘to defecate’ |
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| *t<um>ubuq | ‘to sprout, to grow’ |
||
| *t<um>ugtug | ‘knock or bump the head’ |
||
| *t<um>unuh | ‘to roast (intr.)’ |
||
| *ta- | ‘prefix marking spontaneous or involuntary action’ |
||
| *taba | ‘cut with a knife’ |
||
| *tabad | ‘to cut, make an incision’ |
||
| *taban | 1. ‘booty, war captive’ 2. ‘what is taken in war’ 3. ‘elopement, captured bride’ |
||
| *tabaŋ | ‘help, assist’ |
||
| *tabun | ‘to cover with earth, sand, etc.’ |
||
| *tabuni | ‘placenta, afterbirth’ |
||
| *tabuq | 1. ‘scoop up water’ 2. ‘water scoop or dipper’ |
||
| *tabuqan | ‘yellowjacket wasp’ |
||
| *tabuR | ‘to strew, scatter, as seed’ |
||
| *tabuRi | ‘conch shell trumpet’ |
||
| *tabuRiq | ‘conch shell trumpet’ |
||
| *tada | ‘natural cock spur (cf *, artificial cockspur)’ |
||
| *tahan | ‘abode, place of residence’ |
||
| *tahaw | ‘outdoors, outside’ |
||
| *tahep | ‘winnow’ |
||
| *tahep-an | ‘winnow’ |
||
| *tahep-i | ‘to winnow’ |
||
| *tahep-i | ‘winnow’ |
||
| *tahiq | ‘to sew’ |
||
| *ta-huaji | 1. ‘younger sibling of the same sex’ 2. ‘younger parallel cousin of the same sex’ |
||
| *tak | ‘bang!’ |
||
| *takaw | ‘steal’ |
||
| *taki | ‘feces, excreta’ |
||
| *takub | ‘thin covering, eyelid’ |
||
| *takub-takub | ‘eyelid’ |
||
| *talaq | ‘morning ( evening) star: Venus’ |
||
| *talas | ‘break, burst’ |
||
| *tales | ‘taro: *Colocasia esculenta*’ |
||
| *talih | ‘rope, cord, twine, string’ |
||
| *ta-likud | ‘turn the back on’ |
||
| *taliŋa | 1. ‘ear’ 2. ‘kind of tree fungus’ |
||
| *taliŋa nu kahiw | ‘wood ear, semicircular edible fungus which grows on tree trunks’ |
||
| *talisay | ‘shore tree with edible nuts: *Terminalia catappa*’ |
||
| *talu | ‘to lose, be defeated’ |
||
| *taluk | ‘young plant shoot’ |
||
| *taluki | ‘kind of fabric ( silk?)’ |
||
| *talun | 1. ‘fallow land’ 2. ‘secondary forest’ |
||
| *tama | 1. ‘enter, penetrate’ 2. ‘bold, of persons’ |
||
| *tamaq | 1. ‘appropriate, suitable’ 2. ‘fit together’ 3. ‘hit the mark’ |
||
| *tamaq | 1. ‘enter, penetrate’ 2. ‘bold, of persons’ |
||
| *t-amax | ‘father’ |
||
| *tambak | 1. ‘dam, dyke, embankment’ 2. ‘to fill a hole with earth’ 3. ‘to heap up’ |
||
| *tambak | ‘hit, pound on’ |
||
| *tambal | ‘to mend, patch’ |
||
| *tambar | ‘antidote (as for snakebite)’ |
||
| *tamiaŋ | ‘kind of bamboo’ |
||
| *tamiŋ | ‘type of shield’ |
||
| *tamiq | ‘to taste, try’ |
||
| *tamis | ‘to taste, try’ |
||
| *tampek | ‘slap, hit with open hand’ |
||
| *tampuk | ‘clap, thud’ |
||
| *tanek | ‘to cook’ |
||
| *tanek-en | ‘cook’ |
||
| *tanem | 1. ‘grave’ 2. ‘to bury’ 3. ‘to plant’ |
||
| *tanem-i | ‘to plant on or in’ |
||
| *taneq | ‘earth, soil, land’ |
||
| *taneq pulut | ‘clay, sticky earth’ |
||
| *taneq tumbuq | ‘anthill, termite mound (lit, ‘growing earth’)’ |
||
| *taŋ | ‘sound of a clang or bang’ |
||
| *taŋa | ‘to gape stupidly, gawk’ |
||
| *taŋad | ‘look upward’ |
||
| *taŋada | ‘to look upward’ |
||
| *taŋan | ‘finger, toe’ |
||
| *taŋaR | ‘to seize with the teeth, hold by biting’ |
||
| *taŋeb | ‘lid, cover’ |
||
| *taŋelaj | ‘elephant grass, miscanthus grass: *Themeda gigantea*’ |
||
| *taŋga | ‘Indian cork tree: *Millingtonia hortensis*’ |
||
| *taŋga | 1. ‘rung of a ladder’ 2. ‘runged ladder’ |
||
| *taŋila | ‘ear’ |
||
| *taŋiRi | ‘Spanish mackerel, kingfish: *Scomberomorini* spp.’ |
||
| *taŋis | 1. ‘weep, cry’ 2. ‘mourn’ |
||
| *taŋis-an | ‘to cry over something or someone’ |
||
| *taŋis-i | ‘to cry for, cry over, mourn, bewail, weep for the dead’ |
||
| *taŋis-taŋis | ‘to weep continuously or incessantly’ |
||
| *ta(ŋ)kas | ‘agile, quick, swift, energetic’ |
||
| *taŋkas | ‘loosen, untie’ |
||
| *taŋkay | ‘stem of a plant, stalk’ |
||
| *ta(ŋ)kep | ‘seize, catch’ |
||
| *ta(ŋ)kep | ‘to fold over, double’ |
||
| *taŋkep | ‘catch, as by covering’ |
||
| *ta(ŋ)kub | ‘to close or cover up’ |
||
| *tani | ‘here’ |
||
| *tanum | ‘fill with water’ |
||
| *tapa | ‘to smoke fish or meat for preservation’ |
||
| *tapak | ‘visible’ |
||
| *tapaŋ | ‘patch, as on clothing’ |
||
| *tapel | ‘patch, as on clothing’ |
||
| *tapi | ‘to winnow’ |
||
| *tapik | ‘pat, slap lightly’ |
||
| *tapis | ‘to skim over the surface’ |
||
| *tapuk | ‘flock together’ |
||
| *taq | ‘negative marker: no, not’ |
||
| *taqay | ‘feces, excrement’ |
||
| *taq(e)mis | ‘sweet’ |
||
| *taqen | ‘set a snare’ |
||
| *taq(e)pil | ‘in layers, adjacent to one another’ |
||
| *taqi | ‘feces, excrement’ |
||
| *taqi nu haŋin | ‘wind-driven fragments of cloud, light scudding clouds’ |
||
| *taqi nu lalej | ‘dark mole’ |
||
| *taqih-an | ‘sew’ |
||
| *taqu | ‘right side’ |
||
| *taqu | ‘to know how, be able to, be skilled at’ |
||
| *taqu-an | ‘to know’ |
||
| *taqun | ‘year, season’ |
||
| *tara | ‘cock spur’ |
||
| *taRaq | ‘unicorn fish: *Acanthurus unicornis*’ |
||
| *taRaqan | ‘squirrel fish: *Holocentrus* spp.’ |
||
| *taRin | ‘snare trap’ |
||
| *taris | ‘scratch a line’ |
||
| *taRum | ‘indigo plant and dye: *Indigofera suffruticosa* (Mill.) and *Indigofera tinctoria* L.’ |
||
| *taRuq | 1. ‘to store, put away for safekeeping, hide valuables’ 2. ‘to place a bet in gambling’ 3. ‘lay an egg’ |
||
| *taRus | ‘to reach, extend to’ |
||
| *taRutum | ‘porcupine fish’ |
||
| *taRutuŋ | ‘porcupine fish, puffer fish, *Diodon* sp.’ |
||
| *tasak | ‘ripe’ |
||
| *tasik | ‘sea, saltwater’ |
||
| *tasim | ‘sharp’ |
||
| *tasim-i | ‘sharp’ |
||
| *ta-talih | ‘cord’ |
||
| *ta-tawa | ‘to laugh’ |
||
| *tatuqu | ‘true, real’ |
||
| *tau | ‘person, human being’ |
||
| *tau nu mata | ‘pupil of the eye (‘person of the eye’)’ |
||
| *tau tau | 1. ‘human effigy’ 2. ‘pupil of the eye’ |
||
| *tau-mata | ‘person, human being’ |
||
| *ta-umpu | ‘grandparent/ grandchild (referential term used reciprocally)’ |
||
| *tawa | ‘to laugh’ |
||
| *tawan | ‘kind of fruit tree: *Pometia pinnata*’ |
||
| *taytay | ‘single log bridge (?)’ |
||
| *tazem | ‘sharp’ |
||
| *tazim | 1. ‘sharp point’ 2. ‘to whet,’ |
||
| *tebah | ‘to cut, clear vegetation’ |
||
| *tebak | ‘fall with a loud smack’ |
||
| *tebaŋ | ‘to fell trees’ |
||
| *tebej | ‘spring of water’ |
||
| *tebel | 1. ‘thick, of objects’ 2. ‘dense, of crowds’ |
||
| *tebiq | 1. ‘split, divide, break off’ 2. ‘section of a betel nut’ |
||
| *tebuh | ‘sugarcane: *Saccharum officinarum*’ |
||
| *tebuh | ‘sugarcane: *Saccharum officinarum*’ |
||
| *tebuk | ‘fall with a dull thud’ |
||
| *tebuR | ‘natural spring, fresh water spring’ |
||
| *tebus | ‘redeem, ransom’ |
||
| *teduŋ | ‘take shelter, cover the head’ |
||
| *tegaŋ | ‘dry, dehydrated’ |
||
| *tegas | ‘clear, straightforward’ |
||
| *tegel | ‘unyielding, obstinate, inflexible, stubborn’ |
||
| *teger | ‘unyielding, obstinate, inflexible, stubborn’ |
||
| *tegteg | ‘knock, pound, beat’ |
||
| *teguk | ‘to gulp, swallow all at once’ |
||
| *tek | ‘thump!’ |
||
| *teka | ‘elder sibling of the same sex’ |
||
| *teka | 1. ‘to come, arrive’ 2. ‘reach as far as’ 3. ‘reach a destination’ 4. ‘to complete’ |
||
| *tekas | ‘come to rest in a definite place, settle">settle down, as birds on a tree’ |
||
| *teked | ‘prop, support’ |
||
| *tekek | ‘dull throaty sound’ |
||
| *teken | 1. ‘downward pressure’ 2. ‘bamboo punting pole’ |
||
| *teken-teken | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *tektek | ‘pierce, penetrate’ |
||
| *tekub | ‘to cover, shut’ |
||
| *tekuk | ‘bend or pull down (as a branch)’ |
||
| *tekuŋ | ‘bow the head’ |
||
| *tekuq | ‘bend, hook’ |
||
| *tela | ‘split, crack’ |
||
| *telaq | ‘sexual heat, sexual excitement’ |
||
| *telaq | ‘split, crack, fissure’ |
||
| *teleb | ‘sink, vanish from sight’ |
||
| *telem | ‘sink, disappear under water’ |
||
| *telen | ‘to swallow’ |
||
| *teli | ‘female genitalia’ |
||
| *telu-ŋa-puluq | ‘thirty’ |
||
| *telu-telu | ‘three each, three by three’ |
||
| *te(m)bek | ‘tap, thump’ |
||
| *tempak | ‘split, break off’ |
||
| *t-empu | ‘grandparent/ grandchild (ref.)’ |
||
| *te(m)pus | ‘end, conclude, finish’ |
||
| *temu | ‘all around, surrounding’ |
||
| *teñej | ‘sink, set (sun)’ |
||
| *teñen | ‘to swallow’ |
||
| *teŋ | ‘buzz, hum’ |
||
| *teŋaq | 1. ‘middle, center’ 2. ‘half’ |
||
| *teŋeR | ‘kind of mangrove, *Ceriops* spp., with bark used for dyeing’ |
||
| *teŋuq | ‘nape of the neck’ |
||
| *tenzeg, te(n)dek | ‘upright, erect’ |
||
| *tepak | ‘to slap’ |
||
| *tepeŋ | ‘taste, test, try’ |
||
| *tepiR | ‘mat’ |
||
| *teptep | ‘firefly’ |
||
| *teRab | ‘belch’ |
||
| *teRas | 1. ‘heartwood of a tree, hard, durable core of wood’ 2. ‘ironwood tree’ |
||
| *teReb | 1. ‘soaked, saturated, full of liquid’ 2. ‘crowded or filled to overflowing’ |
||
| *teRi | ‘k.o. small fish’ |
||
| *teriŋ | ‘bamboo sp.’ |
||
| *tesek | ‘pierce, penetrate’ |
||
| *tetas | ‘rip or tear open’ |
||
| *tian | ‘abdomen, belly’ |
||
| *tian-an | ‘pregnant (lit. ‘in the belly')’ |
||
| *tida | ‘leftover, remainder’ |
||
| *tidaq | ‘leftover, remainder’ |
||
| *tidem | 1. ‘dark, obscure’ 2. ‘black’ |
||
| *tidu | ‘spoon, ladle’ |
||
| *tiduR | ‘to sleep’ |
||
| *tik | ‘sound of tapping or flicking (of finger, small implement, etc.)’ |
||
| *tikas | ‘lift off a cover, be lifted off’ |
||
| *tiked | ‘heel’ |
||
| *tikek | ‘cry of the gecko’ |
||
| *tiktik | ‘drip, leak’ |
||
| *tiktik | ‘to tap, strike lightly on a hard surface’ |
||
| *tila | ‘vulva, vagina’ |
||
| *tilen | ‘to swallow’ |
||
| *tilu | ‘ear’ |
||
| *timba | ‘vessel for fetching water from a well, objects from a pit, etc’ |
||
| *timid | ‘chin, jaw’ |
||
| *timpaŋ | 1. ‘lame, limping’ 2. ‘to limp’ |
||
| *t-impu | ‘grandparent’ |
||
| *timuR | ‘south’ |
||
| *t-ina | ‘mother (ref.)’ |
||
| *tina | ‘female, of animals’ |
||
| *tindaw | ‘see in the distance’ |
||
| *tindes | ‘crush lice with the fingernails’ |
||
| *tiŋ | ‘ringing sound’ |
||
| *tiŋah | ‘food particles caught between the teeth’ |
||
| *tiŋi | ‘listen’ |
||
| *ti(ŋ)kas | ‘swift, energetic’ |
||
| *tiŋkuq | ‘graze, strike lightly against’ |
||
| *tiŋtiŋ | ‘tinkling sound’ |
||
| *ti(n)zeg | ‘stand erect’ |
||
| *tipis | ‘thin (of materials)’ |
||
| *tiqaw | ‘fish">goatfish spp.’ |
||
| *tiqaw | ‘goat fish, family *Mullidae*’ |
||
| *tiRem | ‘oyster’ |
||
| *tiRis | ‘drip, ooze through’ |
||
| *titey | ‘suspension bridge’ |
||
| *titi | 1. ‘breast’ 2. ‘suck the breast’ |
||
| *titiq | 1. ‘breast’ 2. ‘suck the breast’ |
||
| *titis | ‘drip, ooze’ |
||
| *titu | ‘puppy’ |
||
| *tiup | ‘blow’ |
||
| *tuak | ‘palm wine’ |
||
| *tuay | ‘kind of edible marine clam’ |
||
| *tubuq, tumbuq | ‘grow, germinate, sprout’ |
||
| *tubuR | ‘natural spring, fresh water spring’ |
||
| *tudaq | ‘throw’ |
||
| *tudiq | ‘tree sp.: *Sesbania grandiflora*’ |
||
| *tuduk | ‘skewer, spit for roasting’ |
||
| *tuduŋ | ‘head cover, protection from sun or rain’ |
||
| *tugtug | 1. ‘beat, pound’ 2. ‘sound of rhythmic pounding’ |
||
| *tugtug | ‘knock or bump the head’ |
||
| *tuhud | ‘knee’ |
||
| *tuhuR | ‘string’ |
||
| *tui | ‘tree: *Dolichandrone spathacea*’ |
||
| *tuk | ‘sound of a knock’ |
||
| *tukaŋ | ‘to prop half-open’ |
||
| *tukik | ‘poke, prod, peck’ |
||
| *tuktuk-i | ‘to hammer, pound (something)’ |
||
| *tulak | 1. ‘push something away, shove, repel’ 2. ‘push off, as a boat leaving shore or being poled through shallow water’ |
||
| *tulali | ‘bamboo nose flute’ |
||
| *tuli | 1. ‘earwax’ 2. ‘deaf’ |
||
| *tultul | ‘blunt, dull’ |
||
| *tuluŋ | ‘to help, assist’ |
||
| *tulus | 1. ‘straightaway, immediately’ 2. ‘get done at once’ 3. ‘continue on, lasting’ |
||
| *tuluy | ‘continue’ |
||
| *tuluy | ‘stop and visit when passing by’ |
||
| *tumah | 1. ‘clothes louse’ 2. ‘body louse’ |
||
| *tu(m)bak | ‘clash together’ |
||
| *tumbak | ‘spear, lance’ |
||
| *tumbuk | ‘punch, hit, pound’ |
||
| *tumpel | ‘dull, blunt’ |
||
| *tumpul | ‘dull, blunt’ |
||
| *tu(m)pus | ‘to complete, finish’ |
||
| *tuna | ‘freshwater eel’ |
||
| *tu(n)daŋ | ‘to sit’ |
||
| *tuŋ | ‘booming sound’ |
||
| *tuŋtuŋ | ‘peak, top’ |
||
| *tunu | ‘roast food over a fire’ |
||
| *tuqah | 1. ‘old, of people’ 2. ‘mature, as fruit’ |
||
| *tuqah tuqah | ‘old’ |
||
| *tuqan | ‘primary forest’ |
||
| *tuqelan | 1. ‘condylar bone’ 2. ‘bone of fauna exclusive of fish’ |
||
| *tuqu | ‘right side’ |
||
| *tuqu | 1. ‘true, real’ 2. ‘truly, really’ |
||
| *tuquD | ‘to stand’ |
||
| *tuquR | ‘evaporate, dry up’ |
||
| *tuquR | ‘tree: *Bischofia javanica*’ |
||
| *tuqu-tuqu | ‘true, truly’ |
||
| *tuRa | ‘to string, put on a string’ |
||
| *tuRaŋ | ‘kinsman, relative (undefined)’ |
||
| *turik | ‘mark with a line or spot’ |
||
| *turiŋ | ‘fish sp.’ |
||
| *turis | ‘scratch a line’ |
||
| *tuRun | 1. ‘to descend, go down’ 2. ‘to lower’ |
||
| *turus | ‘stake, free-standing post’ |
||
| *tusiq | ‘to point at, indicate’ |
||
| *tutub | ‘to cover’ |
||
| *tutuk | ‘bow, lower the head’ |
||
| *tutuŋ | ‘to ignite, set fire to’ |
||
| *tutuŋ-an | ‘flaming, on fire’ |
||
| *tutup | ‘to cover’ |
||
| *tutur | ‘to speak clearly and deliberately’ |
||
| *tuzu | ‘direction, goal, destination’ |
||
| *tuzuk | ‘point at, point out’ |
||
| *tuzuq | ‘to point out, instruct’ |
||
| *tuzuq-i | 1. ‘to point, indicate’ 2. ‘teach, instruct’ |
||
| *tuzu-tuzuq | ‘point’ |
||
| *ua | ‘parents’ elder sibling: FeB, FeZ, MeB, Me’ |
||
| *uak | ‘harsh cry, bellow, loud cry’ |
||
| *uak | ‘retch’ |
||
| *uaq | ‘parents’ elder sibling: FeB, FeZ, MeB, MeZ’ |
||
| *uaʔ | ‘parents' elder sibling’ |
||
| *ubeŋ | ‘to block, to dam up’ |
||
| *ubet | ‘buttocks, posterior’ |
||
| *ubuŋ | ‘ridge of the roof’ |
||
| *ubut | ‘pluck, pull out’ |
||
| *udehi | 1. ‘last’ 2. ‘come after or behind’ 3. ‘late, later’ 4. ‘future’ 5. ‘stern of a boat’ 6. ‘youngest child’ |
||
| *uduŋ | ‘hut, temporary shelter’ |
||
| *uduq | ‘carved wooden figure, charm used to provide magical protection’ |
||
| *uduq | ‘stammer’ |
||
| *ujan | 1. ‘cargo’ 2. ‘load a canoe’ |
||
| *ukir | ‘carving, sculpture’ |
||
| *ukuk | 1. ‘cough’ 2. ‘to cough’ 3. ‘sound of coughing’ |
||
| *ukup | 1. ‘brood, sit on eggs’ 2. ‘cover completely’ |
||
| *ulay | ‘to stir, mix together’ |
||
| *uliq | 1. ‘return home’ 2. ‘return something’ 3. ‘restore, repair’ 4. ‘repeat’ 5. ‘motion to and fro’ |
||
| *uliq uliq | ‘repeat’ |
||
| *uman | ‘again’ |
||
| *um-a(ŋ)kit | ‘to bite’ |
||
| *umbaw | 1. ‘top part’ 2. ‘high’ |
||
| *umel | ‘speechless, dumb, mute’ |
||
| *um-inum | ‘to drink’ |
||
| *umpaŋ | ‘plug, obstruct’ |
||
| *umpu | 1. ‘grandparent/ grandchild (recipr.)’ 2. ‘ancestor’ |
||
| *um-uliq | ‘return home’ |
||
| *um-unah | ‘go first’ |
||
| *unah | 1. ‘precede, go or be first’ 2. ‘earlier, former’ |
||
| *unay | ‘sliver, splinter’ |
||
| *uŋap | ‘open the mouth wide’ |
||
| *u(ŋ)kaq | ‘open’ |
||
| *u(n)sek | ‘press into’ |
||
| *untay | ‘citrus fruit’ |
||
| *unuq | ‘beads, necklace’ |
||
| *upaq | ‘compensation, reward’ |
||
| *upas | ‘poison, venom of a snake’ |
||
| *upun | ‘gather in masses, as smoke’ |
||
| *upus | ‘use’ |
||
| *uRat | 1. ‘artery, blood vessel, blood vein’ 2. ‘muscle’ 3. ‘nerve’ 4. ‘sinew’ 5. ‘tendon’ 6. ‘fiber’ 7. ‘vein of a leaf’ 8. ‘grain of wood’ 9. ‘strand (of thread, rope)’ 10. ‘fishing line’ 11. ‘root’ |
||
| *uRat i lima | ‘lines in the palm of the hand’ |
||
| *uRat uRat | ‘veins, sinews (collective)’ |
||
| *usik | ‘disturb, annoy’ |
||
| *usuk | 1. ‘press into, crouch’ 2. ‘enter crouching’ 3. ‘drive in stakes’ |
||
| *usuq | ‘rub, wipe’ |
||
| *utaña | ‘ask, inquire’ |
||
| *utik | ‘marine fish with thorny skin’ |
||
| *utiŋ | ‘tang of a knife, etc.’ |
||
| *utus | ‘break under tension, as a rope’ |
||
| *uu | ‘moan’ |
||
| *uy | ‘exclamation to express surprise, call attention, etc.’ |
||
| *uyuR | ‘shake, sway, stagger’ |
||
| *uzeg | ‘drive in, erect, as a piling’ |
||
| *wada | 1. ‘be, exist, have’ 2. ‘wealthy’ 3. ‘not exist, not have’ |
||
| *wahiR | 1. ‘fresh water’ 2. ‘stream, river’ |
||
| *wahiR bahaq | ‘flood waters’ |
||
| *wai | ‘mango’ |
||
| *wakaq | ‘split’ |
||
| *wakaR | ‘root’ |
||
| *wakas | ‘loosen, undo, uncover’ |
||
| *wakat | ‘mangrove root’ |
||
| *walu ŋa puluq | ‘eight’ |
||
| *walu walu | ‘eight by eight, eight at a time’ |
||
| *wanan | ‘right ( side, hand, direction)’ |
||
| *waŋis | ‘bare the teeth’ |
||
| *waŋkaŋ | ‘spread the legs apart’ |
||
| *wani | ‘honey bee">honeybee’ |
||
| *waRej | ‘vine, creeper’ |
||
| *wati | ‘earthworm’ |
||
| *wa-tu | 1. ‘away, outward, forward, onward’ 2. ‘towards the hearer’ |
||
| *wiŋis | ‘bare the teeth’ |
||
| *wirit | ‘twist’ |
||
| *X + qatay | 1. ‘(lit. 'big liver') brave, courageous’ 2. ‘proud, arrogant’ |
||
| *X + qatay | ‘(lit. 'burning liver') angry, furious’ |
||
| *X + qatay | ‘(lit. 'rotten liver') full of malice’ |
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| *X + qatay | ‘(lit. 'sick/hurt liver') resentful, offended’ |
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| *X + qatay | ‘(lit. 'small liver') afraid’ |
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| *X + qatay | ‘(lit. 'white liver') pure-hearted’ |
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| *zakan | ‘to cook in water, cook rice’ |
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| *zalan | 1. ‘path, made by a human as opposed to an animal’ 2. ‘way or means to do something’ 3. ‘wake of a boat’ 4. ‘Milky Way’ |
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| *zalateŋ | ‘stinging nettle: *Laportea* spp.’ |
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| *zaŋan | ‘span">handspan’ |
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| *zaqat | 1. ‘bad, evil’ 2. ‘ugly’ |
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| *zaqit | ‘to sew’ |
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| *zaRami | 1. ‘rice straw’ 2. ‘flute made from a rice stalk’ |
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| *zariŋ | ‘noose or net trap’ |
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| *zauq | ‘far’ |
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| *zauq zauq | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
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| *zawa | ‘day’ |
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| *zeket | ‘to burn (fields, etc.)’ |
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| *zelay | ‘cereal grass with edible seeds that are also used as beads, Job’s tears: *Coix lachryma-jobi* L.’ |
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| *zemak | ‘feel, grope’ |
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| *zeŋkuŋ | ‘curve’ |
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| *zilak | ‘eye’ |
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| *zilateŋ | ‘stinging nettle: *Laportea* spp.’ |
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| *zitzit | ‘to hiss’ |
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| *ziuq | ‘bathe’ |
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| *ziziq | ‘grin, show the teeth’ |
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| *zizir | ‘grin, show the teeth’ |
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| *zukut | ‘grass’ |
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| *zuŋkuk | ‘bend over, stoop’ |
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| *zuRuq | 1. ‘juice’ 2. ‘sap’ 3. ‘gravy’ 4. ‘soup’ |