Blust & Trussel (2019b): Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
Search entries
| Headword | IPA | Glosses | |
|---|---|---|---|
| *irid | 1. ‘fan’ 2. ‘to fan’ |
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| *iriŋ | 1. ‘follow’ 2. ‘accompany’ |
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| *i-sai | ‘who?’ |
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| *ised | ‘budge, shift, move aside’ |
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| *iseR | ‘budge, shift, move aside’ |
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| *isu | ‘budge, shift, move aside’ |
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| *isu | ‘interjection used to chase off animal’ |
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| *isud | ‘budge, shift, move’ |
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| *isuR | ‘budge, shift, move aside’ |
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| *isut | ‘rub, scour, scrub’ |
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| *itek | ‘small, become small’ |
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| *i-telu | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
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| *ituk | ‘small in amount’ |
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| *iu | ‘2sg. personal pronoun: you’ |
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| *iut | ‘little, small, trifling’ |
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| *iwa | ‘put in the lap’ |
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| *iwaq | ‘put in the lap’ |
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| *k<an>uhkuh | ‘claw, talon, fingernail’ |
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| *k<in>aen | ‘eat’ |
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| *k<in>ali-an | ‘place that has been dug up’ |
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| *k<in>a-tau-an | ‘nature, character’ |
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| *k<um>ahiw | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
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| *k<um>aRat | ‘to bite’ |
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| *k<um>utu | ‘to de louse’ |
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| *ka | ‘2sg. subject pronoun’ |
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| *ka- | ‘past participle/ achieved state’ |
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| *ka-anak | ‘have a child’ |
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| *ka-besuR | ‘satisfaction, satiation’ |
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| *kabu-kabu | ‘kapok tree: *Ceiba pentandra*’ |
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| *kabuq | ‘ladle, dipper, scoop, cup’ |
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| *kabus | 1. ‘run out, come to an end, of supplies’ 2. ‘poor’ |
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| *kabut | 1. ‘fog, haze, mist’ 2. ‘indistinct, blurry’ |
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| *kaen kaen | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
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| *kaen-a | ‘eat it (imper.)’ |
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| *ka-epat | ‘four’ |
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| *kahi-kahiw | ‘wood’ |
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| *kahiw | 1. ‘wood’ 2. ‘tree’ |
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| *kahkah | ‘scratch up the soil’ |
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| *kahu | ‘2sg., you’ |
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| *ka-isi | ‘well-filled’ |
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| *kaka | ‘elder sibling of the same sex’ |
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| *kakakₐ | ‘to cackle’ |
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| *ka-kali | ‘dig’ |
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| *kakaq | ‘split’ |
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| *kalaw | ‘bird: the hornbill’ |
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| *ka-lawaq | ‘spider">spider’ |
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| *kalem | ‘dark’ |
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| *kali | 1. ‘hole in the ground’ 2. ‘to dig up, excavate, as tubers’ |
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| *kalu | ‘to stir’ |
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| *kalumpaŋ | ‘tree: *Sterculia foetida*’ |
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| *kamaliR | ‘bachelor’s house, men’s house’ |
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| *kam-ami | ‘1pl. excl., we’ |
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| *ka-mata | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
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| *kama-udehi | ‘rear part, stern or rudder of a boat’ |
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| *kambu | ‘lower stomach, bladder’ |
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| *kambuR | ‘sprinkle, scatter ( seed, etc.)’ |
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| *kambur | ‘mix’ |
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| *kamet | ‘do with the hand’ |
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| *kamiri | ‘candlenut tree: *Aleurites moluccana*’ |
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| *kamit | ‘scratch’ |
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| *ka(m)pet | ‘plug’ |
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| *kampis | ‘deflate, shrink’ |
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| *kampit | ‘to adhere, stick to’ |
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| *kamu | ‘2pl. nominative, you all’ |
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| *kamuniŋ | ‘tree: *Murraya* sp.’ |
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| *kamu-yu | 1. ‘2pl. nominative and genitive’ 2. ‘you all, your’ |
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| *kanaŋa | ‘tree with fragrant flowers: *Cananga odorata*’ |
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| *kanap | ‘creep, crawl’ |
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| *kanari | ‘tree with edible nut, the Canarium almond: *Canarium commune*’ |
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| *kanarum | ‘tree sp.’ |
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| *kanasay | ‘fish, the mullet’ |
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| *kanawa | ‘tree: *Cordia* spp.’ |
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| *kanawah | ‘small tree bearing round, green fruit: *Ehretia* spp.’ |
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| *kanaway | ‘kind of white bird: probably gull sp.’ |
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| *kaŋ | ‘animal sound’ |
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| *kaŋa | ‘open">open, as the mouth’ |
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| *kaŋeqa | ‘fissured, slightly cracked’ |
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| *kaŋkaŋ | ‘cramps, stiffening of the limbs, rigor mortis’ |
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| *ka-nu | ‘when?’ |
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| *kapak | 1. ‘beat the wings, flap the wings’ 2. ‘sound of flapping’ |
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| *kapay | ‘flutter the wings’ |
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| *kapit | 1. ‘pinch, press between’ 2. ‘fasten thatch together with slats in roofing a house’ |
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| *ka-pitu | ‘seven times’ |
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| *kapuR | ‘lime, calcium carbonate’ |
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| *kaput | 1. ‘tie or clasp together’ 2. ‘to button’ |
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| *ka-qasiq | ‘mercy, pity, affection’ |
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| *ka-qasiq-an | ‘expression of pity or affection’ |
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| *kaq(e)pi | ‘brace, splint’ |
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| *kaqit | ‘to hold or pull with a hook’ |
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| *ka-Rabiqi | ‘last night’ |
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| *kaRakap | ‘crab sp.’ |
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| *kaRaŋ | ‘small edible freshwater crab’ |
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| *karaŋ | ‘coral, limestone’ |
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| *kaRat | ‘to bite’ |
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| *kaRiqit | ‘scratch of scratching’ |
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| *karis | ‘scratch, scrape’ |
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| *kaRud | ‘scrape, grate, rasp’ |
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| *kaRuki | ‘sand crab’ |
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| *kasambiʔ | ‘tree: *Schleichera trijuga*’ |
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| *kasaw | ‘kind of reed-like plant (?)’ |
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| *kasaw | ‘rafter, diagonal bamboo poles to which thatch panels are lashed’ |
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| *kaskas | ‘loosen, untie’ |
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| *kaskas | ‘scrape, scratch’ |
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| *kasusu | ‘coconut crab’ |
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| *katadu | ‘large green hairless stinging caterpillar’ |
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| *ka-takut | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
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| *kataman | ‘door, doorway’ |
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| *katapaŋ | ‘tree sp.’ |
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| *ka-taqu | ‘right hand, right side’ |
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| *ka-tau-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
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| *katawan | ‘fish sp.’ |
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| *ka-telu | ‘all three, three together, three in total’ |
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| *katik | ‘high-pitched sound of striking against something hard but not resonant’ |
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| *katimun | ‘tree sp.’ |
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| *katiR | ‘canoe hull, small outrigger canoe’ |
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| *katu | ‘send’ |
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| *katuk | ‘knock’ |
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| *kauŋ | ‘reverberate, of a sound’ |
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| *kaut | 1. ‘to take in one’s hand’ 2. ‘handful’ |
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| *kaway | ‘tentacles of octopus, squid, jellyfish, etc.’ |
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| *kaway | 1. ‘wave the hand or arms’ 2. ‘call by waving’ |
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| *kayaw | ‘headhunting’ |
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| *kazaŋ | ‘palm leaf awning, usually on boats’ |
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| *kebet | ‘tie by binding around’ |
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| *kebit | ‘touch or tap so as to draw someone's attention’ |
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| *kebkeb | ‘to enclose, shut in’ |
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| *kebuR | ‘agitated, of water’ |
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| *kedeŋ | 1. ‘to stand’ 2. ‘stretch out, as the body’ |
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| *kek | ‘squawk’ |
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| *ke(k)kek | ‘to cluck’ |
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| *kelap | ‘shine, sparkle, twinkle’ |
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| *kelaq | ‘crack, split’ |
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| *kelas | ‘to peel, skin off’ |
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| *keleŋ | ‘cut into pieces’ |
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| *kembuŋ | ‘swollen, filled out’ |
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| *kemel | ‘take in the hand, clasp, grasp’ |
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| *kemes | ‘grip, compress, squeeze’ |
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| *kemi | 1. ‘suckerfish, remora: *Echineis naucrates*’ 2. ‘hold on by biting’ |
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| *kemiq | ‘urinate’ |
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| *kempu | ‘grandchild’ |
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| *ke(m)pus | ‘come to an end’ |
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| *kemuR | 1. ‘to hold liquid in the mouth’ 2. ‘to gargle’ |
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| *kenas | ‘preserved">preserved meat or fish’ |
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| *kendal | ‘tree: *Cordia* spp.’ |
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| *keñej | ‘sink, drown’ |
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| *keŋ | ‘hollow, resounding sound’ |
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| *keŋ | ‘stiff, as a corpse’ |
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| *keŋkeŋ | ‘shrink’ |
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| *keŋkeŋ | ‘stiffs, stiffening of the limbs’ |
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| *kepik | ‘dent’ |
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| *kepit | 1. ‘press together’ 2. ‘pressed together’ 3. ‘carry under the arm, press between the legs’ |
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| *kepkep | ‘to seize, hug, embrace’ |
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| *kepuk | ‘beat, crunch, break’ |
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| *keRaŋ | ‘deep reverberating sound’ |
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| *kerap | ‘shine, sparkle, twinkle’ |
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| *keRas | 1. ‘hard, strong, inflexible’ 2. ‘vehement’ |
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| *keRiq | ‘sword grass: *Imperata cylindrica*’ |
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| *keriqik | ‘shrill sound’ |
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| *kerit | ‘scratch, grate’ |
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| *ke(R)lap | ‘flash, shine’ |
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| *keRteŋ | ‘kind of striped or spotted marine fish, grouper: *Epinephelus* spp.’ |
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| *keRut | ‘to gnaw, sound of gnawing on something’ |
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| *keteb | ‘to bite’ |
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| *keteŋ | ‘straight’ |
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| *ketep | ‘to bite’ |
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| *ketuk | ‘to knock, pound’ |
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| *ketuq | ‘pick, pluck, break off’ |
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| *kezeŋ | 1. ‘to stand’ 2. ‘straighten out’ |
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| *kezut | ‘to start, jump when startled’ |
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| *kiak | ‘to squawk, as a frightened chicken’ |
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| *kiDkiD | ‘to file, rasp’ |
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| *kik | ‘peep, squeak, giggle’ |
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| *kikik | 1. ‘to squeak, as a mouse’ 2. ‘to giggle’ |
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| *kikit | ‘small, trifling’ |
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| *kilab | ‘flash, sparkle’ |
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| *kila-kilat | ‘shine, flash repeatedly’ |
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| *kilap | ‘flash, sparkle’ |
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| *kilat | ‘lightning’ |
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| *kilat | ‘open the eyes wide’ |
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| *kilep | ‘glance, glimpse’ |
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| *kilik | ‘to tickle’ |
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| *kiliŋ | ‘leaning sideways, listing (as a boat)’ |
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| *kiluq | 1. ‘to bend, curve’ 2. ‘bent, curved, crooked’ |
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| *kima | ‘giant clam, *Tridacna gigas*’ |
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| *kimet | 1. ‘blink’ 2. ‘flash’ |
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| *ki(m)pes | ‘deflate, shrink’ |
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| *kiŋ | ‘ring’ |
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| *kiŋkiŋ | ‘little finger, pinky’ |
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| *kinit | ‘pinch, nip, pluck’ |
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| *ki(n)zak | ‘tread, step’ |
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| *kiput | ‘narrow’ |
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| *kiRam | ‘axe or adze’ |
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| *kiras | ‘scar’ |
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| *kiRay | ‘pandanus sp., used in making mats’ |
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| *kirik | ‘to tickle’ |
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| *kiseg | ‘twist spasmodically, wriggle’ |
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| *kitik | ‘to tick, make a ticking or light knocking sound’ |
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| *kitik | ‘to tickle’ |
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| *kitkit | ‘to bite, gnaw’ |
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| *kiud | 1. ‘movement in coitus’ 2. ‘sexual intercourse’ |
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| *kiuk | ‘peep, cheep’ |
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| *kiuq | 1. ‘movement in coitus’ 2. ‘sexual intercourse’ |
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| *kiₐ | ‘oblique case marker for singular personal nouns’ |
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| *kua | ‘how?, How is it? What is the matter?’ |
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| *kuak | 1. ‘deep cry’ 2. ‘bird with deep cry’ |
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| *kubkub | ‘cover, coating’ |
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| *kubu | ‘field hut in the rice fields’ |
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| *kudin | ‘clay cooking pot’ |
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| *kuDkuD | ‘to scrape, rasp, grate, as in grating coconuts’ |
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| *kuhkuh | ‘scrape’ |
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| *kuja | ‘how?, how is it? what is the matter?’ |
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| *kuk | ‘sound of sob, croak, etc.’ |
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| *kukuh | ‘claw, talon, fingernail’ |
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| *kukun | ‘tree sp.: *Schoutenia ovata*’ |
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| *kukuq | ‘stick to, adhere firmly’ |
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| *kulat | ‘< a class="findlink" href="acd-ak o htm#open">open the eyes’ |
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| *kulat | ‘bracket fungus, *Polyporus* spp.’ |
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| *kuliliŋ | 1. ‘round about, around, in one’s surroundings’ 2. ‘go around’ |
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| *kulit | 1. ‘skin’ 2. ‘hide’ 3. ‘rind’ 4. ‘bark’ |
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| *kulu | ‘tree: *Artocarpus* sp.’ |
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| *kuluŋ | ‘curl, curve’ |
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| *kuluR | ‘breadfruit’ |
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| *kulut | ‘curly-’ |
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| *kuman | ‘tiny parasite on the body, itch mite, chicken louse’ |
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| *kumaŋ | ‘hermit crab’ |
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| *kumbal | ‘dry sago branch’ |
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| *kumi | ‘moustache’ |
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| *kumis | ‘moustache, beard’ |
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| *kumpuŋ | ‘maimed, amputated, of a limb’ |
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| *kumput | ‘maimed, amputated, of a limb’ |
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| *kumuR | ‘gargle, rinse the mouth’ |
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| *kuŋ | ‘bark of cooing or barking’ |
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| *kuŋkuŋ | 1. ‘curve, curved’ 2. ‘hollow’ |
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| *kuŋkuŋ | ‘shrink’ |
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| *kunij | ‘turmeric: *Curcuma longa*’ |
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| *kunkun | ‘shrink’ |
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| *ku(n)tus | ‘break under tension’ |
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| *kunu | ‘it is said, people say.....’ |
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| *kunut | ‘pinch’ |
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| *kupkup | ‘to clutch, hold tightly’ |
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| *kur | ‘word used to call chickens, etc.’ |
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| *kuRapu | ‘fish, the sea perch, giant rock cod, giant grouper: *Epinephelus* spp.’ |
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| *kuRaw | ‘edible marine fish’ |
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| *kur(e)qit | ‘scratch mark, line’ |
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| *kuRita | ‘octopus’ |
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| *kuru | ‘word used to call chickens, etc.’ |
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| *kuruq | ‘noise, clamor’ |
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| *kurut | ‘curly-’ |
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| *kusik | ‘scream of a monkey’ |
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| *kusu | ‘rub two things together, create friction, as sticks to make fire, or the hands’ |
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| *kutaña | ‘ask, inquire about’ |
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| *kutu | 1. ‘head louse’ 2. ‘sparks from a fire’ 3. ‘water striker (insect that walks on water)’ |
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| *l<um>akaw | ‘to go’ |
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| *laba | ‘big, large’ |
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| *labak | ‘wide open’ |
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| *laban | ‘oppose, go against someone’ |
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| *laban-an | ‘oppose, go against someone’ |
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| *labeR | ‘wide’ |
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| *labi | 1. ‘excess’ 2. ‘more than’ 3. ‘surpass’ |
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| *labu | ‘ashen, grayish’ |
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| *ladiŋ | ‘cleaver, sword’ |
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| *lagi | ‘emphatic particle’ |
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| *lajaq | 1. ‘pepper’ 2. ‘to sting, of a wound or spices in food’ |
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| *laji | ‘poison with poisonous sap, (probably *Antiaris toxicaria*)’ |
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| *lajih | ‘fish">dolphinfish’ |
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| *lakaj | ‘to stride, take a step’ |
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| *lakas | ‘quick, energetic, strong’ |
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| *lakaw | 1. ‘in motion’ 2. ‘go, walk’ |
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| *lakaw lakaw | ‘wander about’ |
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| *laki | 1. ‘male, masculine’ 2. ‘man’ |
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| *lalak | ‘trochus shell’ |
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| *la-lateŋ | ‘stinging nettle: *Laportea* spp.’ |
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| *lalej | ‘housefly’ |
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| *lali | ‘ankle bone (?)’ |
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| *la-limas | ‘bail’ |
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| *lalin | ‘move, transfer’ |
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| *laliŋ | ‘ankle bone (?)’ |
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| *lalu | 1. ‘more ( intensive), even more, moreso’ 2. ‘surplus’ 3. ‘to worsen (as an illness)’ |
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| *laluŋ | ‘cock, rooster’ |
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| *lama | ‘lie on a surface, of water’ |
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| *lamak | ‘mat’ |
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| *la(m)bak | ‘slam something down’ |
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| *lambeg | ‘throw, cast’ |
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| *lambeR | ‘roam freely, of domesticated animals that are untethered’ |
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| *lambuk | ‘knock, pound, beat’ |
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| *lampaŋ | ‘go’ |
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| *lampaq | ‘walk, go’ |
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| *lamu | ‘seaweed sp.’ |
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| *lamuk | ‘mosquito’ |
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| *lamun | ‘swamp grass’ |
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| *lamuR | ‘dew’ |
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| *lamut | ‘seaweed sp.’ |
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| *laña | ‘vegetable oil’ |
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| *laŋaq | ‘gape, open wide’ |
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| *laŋaw | ‘bluebottle, blowfly, horsefly’ |
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| *laŋen | ‘rollers for beaching a canoe’ |
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| *laŋ(e)si | ‘fishy smell’ |
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| *la(ŋ)ga | ‘to heat food’ |
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| *la(ŋ)gaq | ‘to heat food’ |
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| *laŋit | ‘sky’ |
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| *laŋkaq | 1. ‘step, stride’ 2. ‘to omit or skip over’ |
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| *la(ŋ)kas | ‘spirited, energetic’ |
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| *laŋkaw | ‘high, tall’ |
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| *la(ŋ)ket | 1. ‘stick, adhere to’ 2. ‘sticky, viscous’ |
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| *lapad | ‘broad and flat’ |
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| *lapaR | ‘hungry’ |
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| *lapis | ‘stone slab, thin layer’ |
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| *lapuk | ‘decayed, rotten, moldy, mildewed (of wood)’ |
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| *laqia | ‘ginger’ |
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| *laseR | ‘scrotum and testicles’ |
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| *lasuq | ‘penis’ |
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| *lateŋ | ‘stinging nettle: *Laportea* spp.’ |
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| *latu | 1. ‘last burning bit’ 2. ‘to snuff out a spark’ |
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| *latuq | ‘edible seaweed sp.’ |
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| *lauŋ | ‘howl’ |
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| *lawan | ‘kind of long fishnet’ |
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| *lawaq | ‘dip net, scoop net’ |
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| *lawaq | 1. ‘spider’ 2. ‘spider web’ |
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| *lawaq-lawaq | 1. ‘spider’ 2. ‘spider web’ |
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| *lawi | ‘long tail feathers of bird or rooster’ |
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| *lawit | ‘hook’ |
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| *lebet | ‘set close together, dense, luxuriant’ |
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| *lebiq | ‘excess, surplus’ |
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| *lebleb | 1. ‘sink, submerge’ 2. ‘overflow’ |
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| *lebuq | ‘village area’ |
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| *lecit | ‘squeeze out, squirt out’ |
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| *lekas | ‘open, undress, remove, release’ |
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| *leken | ‘coil’ |
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| *lekes | ‘roll, curl up’ |
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| *leku | 1. ‘bend, fold, folding part of the body’ 2. ‘curl up on the ground, of an animal’ |
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| *lem | ‘in, inside’ |
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| *lemek | ‘fertile, of soil’ |
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| *lemeŋ | ‘wet, of soil’ |
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| *lemer | ‘soaking wet’ |
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| *lemes | 1. ‘stifle, suffocate’ 2. ‘drown’ |
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| *lemiq | ‘to press, knead’ |
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| *leŋa | ‘sesame’ |
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| *leŋen | ‘forearm, lower arm’ |
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| *le(ŋ)gur | ‘thunder’ |
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| *le(ŋ)kaŋ | ‘separate, disunite’ |
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| *le(ŋ)kaq | ‘to split open’ |
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| *leŋkiq | ‘scream’ |
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| *leŋkuk | ‘bend, curve’ |
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| *leŋkuŋ | ‘concave, curved inward’ |
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| *le(n)tak | ‘clack the tongue’ |
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| *lepak | ‘break, crack off’ |
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| *lepaw | ‘field hut, granary’ |
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| *lepes | ‘simultaneous, at once’ |
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| *lepet | ‘to fold’ |
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| *lepik | ‘snap, break off (twigs, etc.)’ |
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| *lepit | ‘thin layer’ |
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| *lepit | ‘to fold’ |
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| *le(p)lep | ‘submerge, sink’ |
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| *lepu | ‘fish with poisonous dorsal spines’ |
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| *lepuq | ‘fish with poisonous dorsal spines’ |
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| *leput | ‘blow out, force out’ |
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| *leseq | ‘nit, egg of a louse’ |
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| *lesles | ‘to wring, squeeze out by twisting or wringing’ |
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| *lesuŋ | ‘rice mortar’ |
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| *lian | ‘to change appearance’ |
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| *liaŋ | ‘cave, cavern’ |
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| *libuR | ‘murky, clouded, turbid’ |
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| *licaw | ‘shiny (of a smooth and polished surface)’ |
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| *likes | ‘wrap firmly around, encircle tightly’ |
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| *liket | ‘sticky, adhesive’ |
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| *liku | ‘deep place in a river’ |
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| *likuq | ‘zigzag, winding or curving’ |
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| *likut | ‘curl’ |
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| *lileq | ‘whirlpool’ |
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| *lilin | ‘beeswax’ |
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| *liliŋ | ‘askew, in a slanting direction’ |
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| *liliŋ | ‘go in a circle’ |
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| *lima ŋa puluq | ‘fifty’ |
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| *lima-lima | ‘five by five, in groups of five’ |
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| *limas | ‘bail out a canoe’ |
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| *limbun | 1. ‘heap up, pile up (as earth)’ 2. ‘dam’ |
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| *limun | 1. ‘to conceal’ 2. ‘concealed’ |
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| *limut | ‘moss, algae’ |
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| *linaŋ | ‘calm, tranquil, of the surface of water’ |
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| *linaw | ‘calm, still, as the surface of water’ |
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| *linduR | ‘earthquake’ |
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| *liŋ | ‘ring of ringing’ |
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| *liŋ | ‘word, speech’ |
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| *liŋak | ‘< a class="findlink" href="acd-ak t htm#turn">turn to the side’ |
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| *li(n)tik | ‘snap off, snapping or clicking click’ |
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| *linuŋ | ‘calm, tranquil, of the surface of water’ |
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| *lipuq | ‘village’ |
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| *liput | ‘surround, encircle, as in attacking someone’ |
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| *liq(e)pit | ‘press between two flat surfaces’ |
||
| *lisehaq, liseqah | ‘nit, egg of a hair louse’ |
||
| *litek | 1. ‘muddy’ 2. ‘sticky, as mud’ |
||
| *liteq | ‘sap of a tree or plant’ |
||
| *liu | ‘circle round, circumvent’ |
||
| *liu | ‘surpass, exceed’ |
||
| *liut | ‘to twist, as a limb’ |
||
| *luab | 1. ‘boil up, as boiling rice’ 2. ‘boil over’ |
||
| *luaŋ | ‘hole in the ground’ |
||
| *luaq | ‘spit out (food, substances alien to the body), to spew’ |
||
| *luas | 1. ‘outside’ 2. ‘outside area’ 3. ‘spacious, roomy’ |
||
| *lubaŋ | ‘hole, pit’ |
||
| *lubuk | ‘to pound with a pestle’ |
||
| *ludaq | 1. ‘saliva’ 2. ‘to spit’ |
||
| *luglug | 1. ‘shake something in the water’ 2. ‘shake something with water in it’ |
||
| *luheq | ‘tears’ |
||
| *lujan | 1. ‘cargo’ 2. ‘load a canoe’ |
||
| *luka | ‘wound’ |
||
| *lukut | ‘roll or crumple up’ |
||
| *lulun | ‘to roll up, as a mat’ |
||
| *lumbar | ‘set free’ |
||
| *lumbu | ‘plant sp.’ |
||
| *lumbuŋ | ‘pit, deep cavity in the ground’ |
||
| *lumbuŋ | ‘rice barn, granary’ |
||
| *lumeŋ | ‘smear’ |
||
| *lumes | ‘smear’ |
||
| *lumiq | ‘to fold, hem’ |
||
| *lumpuk | ‘cluster, group’ |
||
| *lumu | ‘soft, tender, gentle’ |
||
| *lumuk | ‘oily, as the hair or skin’ |
||
| *lumut | ‘moss, algae, seaweed’ |
||
| *lumut-an | ‘covered with moss’ |
||
| *lumut-lumut | ‘moss’ |
||
| *lu(ŋ)kas | ‘remove, loosen, untie’ |
||
| *lupa | ‘to forget’ |
||
| *luqaR | 1. ‘outside, wide open spaces’ 2. ‘loose’ |
||
| *luqar | ‘outside’ |
||
| *luqemit | ‘to fold, press’ |
||
| *luqepit | 1. ‘press between two flat surfaces’ 2. ‘to press down, crush’ |
||
| *lurus | ‘straight’ |
||
| *luslus | 1. ‘hernia’ 2. ‘to slip down, slip off, pull back the foreskin of the penis’ |
||
| *lusuŋ | ‘rice mortar’ |
||
| *m<in>ata | ‘eye’ |
||
| *ma-anak | ‘child’ |
||
| *ma-bahu | ‘smelly, stinking’ |
||
| *ma-bañaw | ‘wash the hands’ |
||
| *ma-baseq | ‘wet, moist, damp’ |
||
| *ma-beReqat | 1. ‘heavy’ 2. ‘burdensome’ |
||
| *ma-buaq | 1. ‘bear fruit’ 2. ‘fruitful, filled with fruit’ |
||
| *ma-buhuk | ‘drunk, intoxicated’ |
||
| *ma-bujeq | ‘foam’ |
||
| *ma-buRuk | 1. ‘rotten, as meat’ 2. ‘addled, as eggs’ 3. ‘bad, of character’ |
||
| *ma-buta | ‘blind’ |
||
| *ma-dalit | ‘smooth, slippery’ |
||
| *ma-diŋin | ‘cold’ |
||
| *ma-diRi | ‘to stand, be standing’ |
||
| *ma-epat | ‘divided into four (?)’ |
||
| *ma-esak | ‘cooked, ripe’ |
||
| *ma-gatel | ‘itch’ |
||
| *ma-hasak | ‘ripe, cooked’ |
||
| *ma-hataq | ‘raw, uncooked’ |
||
| *ma-heRet | ‘tight, firm’ |
||
| *ma-heyaq | ‘shame’ |
||
| *ma-huab | ‘to yawn, yawning’ |
||
| *ma-hulem | ‘dim, dark’ |
||
| *mai | ‘and’ |
||
| *ma-iRaq | ‘red’ |
||
| *ma-isa | ‘only, al one’ |
||
| *ma-isi | ‘filled with’ |
||
| *maja | ‘dry up, evaporate’ |
||
| *maka-duha | ‘do something twice (?)’ |
||
| *ma-kaRat | ‘bitten’ |
||
| *maket | 1. ‘to stick, adhere to’ 2. ‘sticky, adhesive’ |
||
| *maki-empu | ‘grandchild’ |
||
| *ma-kiluq | ‘bent, crooked, twisted’ |
||
| *ma-kutu | ‘having lice, lice-infested’ |
||
| *malaŋ | ‘misfortune, bad luck’ |
||
| *ma-layu | ‘wither’ |
||
| *malem | ‘night, darkness’ |
||
| *males | ‘become soft or weak (of things or people)’ |
||
| *mali | ‘plant: *Leea* spp.’ |
||
| *mali-mali | ‘plant, *Leea* spp.’ |
||
| *ma-linaw | ‘calm, still, as the surface of water’ |
||
| *maliraŋ | ‘sulphur’ |
||
| *ma-lumu | ‘soft, tender, gentle’ |
||
| *mama | 1. ‘parent’s younger sibling, junior uncle’ 2. ‘young child’s term of address for his father, vocative of <pwd>*ama</pwd>’ |
||
| *ma-maja | ‘dry up’ |
||
| *mamaq | 1. ‘chew without intending to swallow, as betel nut’ 2. ‘premasticate food to give to an infant’ 3. ‘premasticated food’ |
||
| *ma-m-atay | ‘as if dead?’ |
||
| *m-ami | ‘1pl. excl. genitive, our’ |
||
| *mamin | ‘fish: wrasse spp.’ |
||
| *mampus | ‘use, used up’ |
||
| *ma-naŋis | ‘to weep, to cry’ |
||
| *ma-ñawa | ‘breath’ |
||
| *maŋa | ‘prenominal marker of plurality’ |
||
| *ma-ŋaen | ‘to eat’ |
||
| *ma-ŋali | ‘to dig, dig up’ |
||
| *maŋaq | ‘slit, crevice’ |
||
| *ma-ŋayaw | ‘go headhunting’ |
||
| *maŋ-inum | ‘to drink (trans.)’ |
||
| *maŋ-qanitu | ‘make offering to spirits (?)’ |
||
| *maŋ-qezen | ‘bear down, press out, as in defecation or childbirth’ |
||
| *maŋsit | ‘sour, rancid’ |
||
| *maŋsit | ‘vile smell’ |
||
| *ma-ñilu | ‘painful sensation, teeth or joints’ |
||
| *ma-nipis | ‘thin (of materals)’ |
||
| *ma-niwaŋ | ‘thin, of people and animals’ |
||
| *mantalaq | ‘morning ( evening) star">star: Venus’ |
||
| *manuk | ‘chicken’ |
||
| *ma-nuka | ‘wound’ |
||
| *manu(k)-manuk | ‘bird’ |
||
| *ma-nunuh | ‘to roast’ |
||
| *ma-nuRuq | ‘luck’ |
||
| *ma-panas | ‘warm, hot’ |
||
| *ma-paqit | ‘bitter’ |
||
| *ma-penuq | ‘full’ |
||
| *ma-pia | ‘good’ |
||
| *ma-pilay | ‘lame, crippled’ |
||
| *ma-piliq | ‘choosy, fussy, fastidious’ |
||
| *mapu | ‘taro variety’ |
||
| *mapu | ‘unpleasant odor’ |
||
| *ma-putiq | ‘white’ |
||
| *ma-qañud | ‘drift’ |
||
| *ma-qasin | ‘salty’ |
||
| *ma-qasiq | ‘to pity, have mercy on, feel compassion for’ |
||
| *ma-qasu | ‘smoky’ |
||
| *ma-qati | 1. ‘ebb, of water in streams’ 2. ‘low tide’ |
||
| *ma-qe(n)sem | ‘sour’ |
||
| *ma-qesak | 1. ‘ripe’ 2. ‘cooked’ 3. ‘ready to eat’ |
||
| *ma-qeti | ‘low, of the tide’ |
||
| *ma-qitem | ‘black, deep blue’ |
||
| *ma-qudip | 1. ‘living, alive’ 2. ‘grow, flourish’ 3. ‘fresh’ 4. ‘heal, cure, revive, recover’ 5. ‘vital principle, soul, spirit’ 6. ‘flame’ |
||
| *ma-qutaŋ | ‘in debt, owe’ |
||
| *ma-Rabun | ‘mist’ |
||
| *maR-anak | 1. ‘give birth’ 2. ‘have a child’ |
||
| *ma-Raqan | ‘light in weight’ |
||
| *maR-kaban | ‘friends with, to be a companion of’ |
||
| *maR-luheq | ‘to shed tears, weep’ |
||
| *ma-Ruqanay | ‘male’ |
||
| *ma-saki-sakit | ‘to fall ill, become very sick’ |
||
| *ma-sakit | ‘sick, painful’ |
||
| *ma-saŋa | ‘fork’ |
||
| *mata | 1. ‘eye, face, focal point, center or most prominent part’ 2. ‘hole, aperture’ 3. ‘doorway, window’ 4. ‘budding part of plant’ 5. ‘‘eye’ of coconut’ 6. ‘knot in wood’ 7. ‘sun’ 8. ‘core of a boil’ 9. ‘blade of a knife’ 10. ‘to awaken’ 11. ‘operculum of a snail’ 12. ‘mesh of a net’ 13. ‘eye of a needle’ 14. ‘noose of a trap’ 15. ‘hearth’ 16. ‘direction of the wind’ 17. ‘head of a river’ 18. ‘spring, source’ 19. ‘lid, cover’ |
||
| *mata nu bisul | ‘core of a boil’ |
||
| *mata nu haŋin | ‘point of the compass, direction of the wind’ |
||
| *mata nu hikan | ‘callus on the foot (lit. ‘fish eye’)’ |
||
| *mata nu kahiw | ‘knot in wood’ |
||
| *mata nu panaq | ‘point of an arrow’ |
||
| *mata nu qatay | ‘mental perception’ |
||
| *mata nu susu | ‘nipple of the breast’ |
||
| *mata nu wahiR | ‘spring of water, source of a river’ |
||
| *mata nu zalan | 1. ‘middle of the road, most trodden part of a path or road’ 2. ‘guide who shows the way’ |
||
| *ma-takaw | ‘stolen’ |
||
| *mata-mata | ‘spy, scout, one who looks for possible danger ahead’ |
||
| *ma-taŋis | ‘cry’ |
||
| *ma-taqu | ‘know’ |
||
| *ma-taqu | ‘right side’ |
||
| *ma-tasak | ‘ripe, cooked’ |
||
| *ma-tawa | ‘to laugh’ |
||
| *m-atay | 1. ‘die’ 2. ‘dead’ 3. ‘sick’ 4. ‘tired (of)’ 5. ‘faint, lose consciousness’ 6. ‘eclipse’ 7. ‘new moon’ 8. ‘extinguished’ 9. ‘blocked (path)’ 10. ‘paralyzed’ 11. ‘numb, asleep (limbs)’ 12. ‘die down (wind)’ 13. ‘waterless (springs, rivers)’ 14. ‘dry up (plants)’ 15. ‘beaten (in a game)’ 16. ‘fixed (price)’ 17. ‘terminate a matter, reach an agreement’ 18. ‘disaster’ 19. ‘intensive, superlative’ 20. ‘desire intensely, be deeply in love’ |
||
| *m-atay m-atay | 1. ‘die in throngs’ 2. ‘on the verge of death’ |
||
| *m-atay-an | ‘lose someone through death’ |
||
| *ma-teRas | ‘hard, solid’ |
||
| *ma-tiduR | ‘sleep’ |
||
| *ma-tuduq | ‘leak’ |
||
| *ma-tuduR | ‘sleep’ |
||
| *ma-tuqah | 1. ‘old, of people’ 2. ‘very, extremely’ 3. ‘to die, dead (euphemism)’ |
||
| *ma-udehi | ‘behind, last’ |
||
| *ma-wanan | ‘right side’ |
||
| *maymay | ‘premasticated food for infants’ |
||
| *ma-zaqat | ‘bad, evil’ |
||
| *ma-zauq | ‘far’ |
||
| *mekmek | ‘broken to bits’ |
||
| *meñak | 1. ‘fat, grease’ 2. ‘ointment’ |
||
| *me(n)tik | ‘ant sp. with venomous bite’ |
||
| *mepis | ‘thin’ |
||
| *mimi | 1. ‘to urinate’ 2. ‘urine’ |
||
| *mimis | ‘new shoots of cogon grass (*Imperata cylindrica*)’ |
||
| *miñak | 1. ‘fat, grease’ 2. ‘ointment’ |
||
| *minaŋa | ‘mouth of a river, estuary’ |
||
| *mipis | ‘thin, of materials’ |
||
| *miqmiq | ‘urine, urinate’ |
||
| *misik | ‘sucking noise made as a signal to another person’ |
||
| *mismis | ‘to suck up, suck out’ |
||
| *-mu | ‘2sg. possessor and agent of passive verb’ |
||
| *muda | 1. ‘young (of fruits)’ 2. ‘immature’ 3. ‘light (of colors)’ |
||
| *muken | ‘omen dove’ |
||
| *muntay | ‘kind of citrus tree and its fruit’ |
||
| *muquŋ | ‘fish sp.’ |
||
| *musaŋ | ‘civet cat and similar small predatory mammals of the family *Viverridae*’ |
||
| *mutu | ‘damsel fish’ |
||
| *na | ‘already’ |
||
| *na | ‘common noun article’ |
||
| *na | ‘conjunction: and’ |
||
| *nabek | ‘breakers, surf, waves’ |
||
| *nabuq | ‘to fall’ |
||
| *nakaw | ‘steal’ |
||
| *ñaman | ‘tasty, delicious’ |
||
| *namaw | 1. ‘sheltered water: deep place in a river’ 2. ‘cove, harbor, lagoon’ |
||
| *ñamit | ‘taste’ |
||
| *ñamuk | ‘mosquito’ |
||
| *namut | ‘evergreen tree with decorative flowers: *Cynometra ramiflora* L.’ |
||
| *namut-namut | ‘tree: *Cynometra* spp.’ |
||
| *nanaq | ‘pus’ |
||
| *naŋa | ‘estuary, mouth of a river’ |
||
| *naŋa | ‘kind of thick rattan’ |
||
| *ña(ŋ)ket | ‘sticky, adhesive’ |
||
| *naŋuy | ‘to swim’ |
||
| *ñañuk | ‘speak indistinctly, mumble’ |
||
| *nara | ‘tree: *Pterocarpus indica*’ |
||
| *ñaRa | ‘brother (woman speaking)’ |
||
| *naRah | ‘tree: *Pterocarpus indica*’ |
||
| *nasu | ‘cook by boiling’ |
||
| *natad | ‘cleared area around house, cleared ground in village’ |
||
| *nateŋ | ‘vegetables’ |
||
| *nati | ‘young of animals’ |
||
| *natuq | ‘ovary of an an oviparous animal’ |
||
| *ñatuq | ‘hardwood tree with edible fruit and valuable timber: *Palaquium* spp.’ |
||
| *neknek | ‘gnat, sandfly, fruit fly’ |
||
| *ñepñep | ‘drink, slurp, suck’ |
||
| *nepuq | ‘stonefish’ |
||
| *ñepuq | ‘stonefish’ |
||
| *ñeRab | ‘yesterday’ |
||
| *ŋa | ‘linker for multiples of ten’ |
||
| *ŋadas | ‘palate’ |
||
| *ŋa-ijan | ‘when?’ |
||
| *ŋajan | ‘name’ |
||
| *ŋak | ‘raucous sound’ |
||
| *ŋakŋak | ‘raucous sound’ |
||
| *ŋaŋ | ‘inarticulate sound’ |
||
| *ŋaŋa | 1. ‘open the mouth wide, gape’ 2. ‘gaping’ 3. ‘opening of a fish trap, basket, etc.’ |
||
| *ŋa(ŋ)ŋaŋ | ‘inarticulate sound’ |
||
| *ŋaRaq | ‘wild duck’ |
||
| *ŋarŋar | ‘fragment, split-off piece’ |
||
| *ŋasŋas | ‘crush with the teeth’ |
||
| *ŋek | ‘grunt’ |
||
| *ŋekŋek | ‘mumble, etc.’ |
||
| *ŋeŋ | ‘buzz, hum’ |
||
| *ŋeŋeŋ | ‘buzz, hum’ |
||
| *ŋeni | ‘beg, ask for’ |
||
| *ŋepŋep | ‘to gasp, have difficulty breathing’ |
||
| *ŋijuŋ | ‘nose’ |
||
| *ŋik | ‘squeal, screech, shriek, etc.’ |
||
| *ŋikŋik | ‘squeal, screech, shriek, etc.’ |
||
| *ŋiŋ | ‘buzz, hum’ |
||
| *ŋi(ŋ)ŋiŋ | ‘buzz, hum’ |
||
| *ŋisi | ‘to grin, show the teeth’ |
||
| *ŋisŋis | ‘grin, show the teeth’ |
||
| *ŋitŋit | ‘annoyance, irritation’ |
||
| *ŋuda | ‘young, of plants’ |
||
| *ŋuhuR | ‘nasal mucus’ |
||
| *ŋuk | ‘grunt, moan, etc.’ |
||
| *ŋukŋuk | ‘grunt, moan, etc.’ |
||
| *ŋulŋul | ‘arthritic or rheumatic pain’ |
||
| *ŋuŋ | ‘buzz, hum’ |
||
| *ŋu(ŋ)ŋuŋ | ‘buzz, hum’ |
||
| *ŋurut | ‘growl, whine’ |
||
| *ŋutŋut | ‘throbbing pain’ |
||
| *ŋutŋut | ‘to gnaw’ |
||
| *ni aku | ‘1sg. agent’ |
||
| *nihawa | 1. ‘breath’ 2. ‘life force, breath soul’ 3. ‘to breathe’ 4. ‘breathe easily, feel comfort, be at ease, have ‘breathing room’’ 5. ‘to rest, take a break’ |
||
| *niket | ‘sticky, adhesive’ |
||
| *ñikñik | ‘tiny biting insect: gnat, sandfly’ |
||
| *ni-ku | ‘1sg genitive ( marker of non-subject agency and possession; my; by me)’ |
||
| *nilaw | ‘bright light’ |
||
| *nilu | 1. ‘intense sensation in teeth when eating sour fruit’ 2. ‘for teeth to be on edge’ |
||
| *ñilu | ‘painful sensation in teeth, as from eating something sour’ |
||
| *niŋal | ‘echo’ |
||
| *niŋniŋ | ‘clear, of water’ |
||
| *ninih | ‘shake, tremble, rock’ |
||
| *niniq | ‘plant sp.: *Donax canniformis*, used as material for making baskets’ |
||
| *niniq | ‘sandfly’ |
||
| *nipaq | ‘swamp palm: *Nipa fruticans*’ |
||
| *nipay | ‘snake’ |
||
| *nipis | ‘thinness (of materials)’ |
||
| *niRu | ‘winnowing basket’ |
||
| *nituq | ‘fern: *Lygodium* spp.’ |
||
| *niuR | ‘coconut’ |
||
| *niwaŋ | ‘thinness, of people and animals’ |
||
| *nues | ‘squid’ |
||
| *nuka | ‘wound’ |
||
| *nunuk | ‘tree: the banyan or strangler fig’ |
||
| *nuRuq | ‘luck’ |
||
| *nus | ‘squid, cuttlefish’ |
||
| *nusa | ‘island’ |
||
| *p<in>aŋan | 1. ‘food’ 2. ‘to feed, nourish’ |
||
| *p<um>asuk | ‘to enter’ |
||
| *pa- | ‘numeral prefix, divide into x (x = numeral)’ |
||
| *pa-ampu | ‘grandparent, possibly vocative’ |
||
| *pa-beli | ‘sell, give in exchange’ |
||
| *pa-bunuq | ‘killer, one who kills’ |
||
| *pa-danum | ‘to irrigate’ |
||
| *pa-deket | ‘to stick or paste on’ |
||
| *pa-enem | ‘divide into six (?)’ |
||
| *pagal | ‘neck shackle to prevent an animal from passing through fences’ |
||
| *pager | 1. ‘enclosure’ 2. ‘palisade around a village’ 3. ‘fence around a planted tree or cultivated field’ |
||
| *pa-hapuy-an | ‘fire’ |
||
| *pahuq | ‘mango tree and its fruit, probably *Mangifera altissima*’ |
||
| *pai | ‘where?’ |
||
| *pa-inum | ‘give someone something to drink’ |
||
| *pa-isi | ‘contents’ |
||
| *pak | ‘sound of a clap or smack’ |
||
| *pa(ka)-ajan | ‘to name, give a name to’ |
||
| *pa(ka)-amax | ‘treat like a father’ |
||
| *paka-duha | ‘twice, do something twice’ |
||
| *paka-enem | ‘six times’ |
||
| *paka-epat | ‘four times’ |
||
| *pa(ka)-haŋin | ‘expose to the wind’ |
||
| *pa(ka)-haŋin-haŋin | ‘go out for some fresh air’ |
||
| *paka-lima | ‘five times’ |
||
| *pa(ka)-m-atay | 1. ‘kill’ 2. ‘commit suicide (?)’ |
||
| *pakan | ‘weft thread in weaving’ |
||
| *paka-pija | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *paka-pitu | ‘seven times’ |
||
| *pa(ka)-qasu | ‘to smoke, fumigate’ |
||
| *paka-qudip | ‘save, spare the life of’ |
||
| *paka-Rabiqi | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *pa(ka)-salaq | 1. ‘to blame, accuse of error or fault’ 2. ‘to punish’ |
||
| *paka-takut | ‘to frighten, cause to fear’ |
||
| *paka-taŋis | 1. ‘to make someone cry’ 2. ‘to let someone cry’ |
||
| *paka-telu | ‘to triple, multiply by three’ |
||
| *paka-uliq | ‘return something to someone’ |
||
| *paka-walu | ‘eight times’ |
||
| *pa-kilala | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *pakul | ‘fish: triggerfish sp.(?)’ |
||
| *pakut | ‘to bind together’ |
||
| *pa-lahud | ‘sea’ |
||
| *palaj | ‘palm of hand, sole of foot’ |
||
| *palak | ‘shout in anger’ |
||
| *palaŋ | ‘thwart, crosspiece’ |
||
| *palaqpaq | ‘midrib of coconut leaf’ |
||
| *pa-laRiw | 1. ‘run">run away, flee’ 2. ‘flight, escape’ 3. ‘fugitive’ |
||
| *palata | ‘fish sp.’ |
||
| *pa-lima | ‘divide into five (?)’ |
||
| *paliŋ | ‘turn (as the prow of a boat)’ |
||
| *palu | ‘sago flour’ |
||
| *palu | ‘to hammer, to hit with a hard implement’ |
||
| *pa(m)pa | ‘tree: *Vitex pubescens*’ |
||
| *panahik | ‘climb’ |
||
| *pa-nakaw | ‘steal’ |
||
| *pañaRu | ‘give birth’ |
||
| *panas | ‘type of ginger’ |
||
| *panas | ‘warm, hot’ |
||
| *panas-i | ‘to heat up, warm up’ |
||
| *panaw | ‘fungus infection which produces light patches on the skin: *Tinea flava* or *Pityriasis*’ |
||
| *panaw | ‘go, walk away, depart’ |
||
| *panay | ‘dish, bowl (of clay or wood)’ |
||
| *pandak | ‘short in height, squat and compact in build, of a person’ |
||
| *paŋ | ‘bang! loud popping sound’ |
||
| *paŋan | 1. ‘food’ 2. ‘to feed’ |
||
| *paŋedan | ‘pandanus’ |
||
| *paŋ-inum | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *panid | ‘wing’ |
||
| *paniki | ‘fruit bat, flying fox: *Pteropus* spp.’ |
||
| *pa(n)tar | ‘level, flat’ |
||
| *pa(n)tar | 1. ‘shelf’ 2. ‘bed frame of wooden or bamboo laths’ |
||
| *papa | ‘father’ |
||
| *papak | ‘to break, chip off’ |
||
| *papan | 1. ‘plank, board’ 2. ‘floor boards of house’ |
||
| *papaq | ‘frond of a palm’ |
||
| *pa-p-atay | ‘kill’ |
||
| *pa-penuq | ‘to fill, cause to become full’ |
||
| *pa-putiq | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *paqa | ‘stalk or stem of a plant’ |
||
| *pa-qasawa | ‘marry off, cause to get married’ |
||
| *paqet | ‘wood-working tool: chisel’ |
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| *paqit | ‘bitter(ness)’ |
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| *paqpaq | ‘midrib of coconut frond’ |
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| *paqpaq | ‘premasticate food for infant’ |
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| *paRa | ‘collective particle’ |
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| *para | ‘coconut embryo’ |
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| *paRa paRa | 1. ‘storage shelf’ 2. ‘attic, loft’ |
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| *paRada | ‘handle of an axe or adze’ |
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| *paRaek | ‘hoarse’ |
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| *paraqu | ‘boat’ |
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| *paR-epat-en | ‘divide into four (?)’ |
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| *paRih | ‘sting’ |
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| *paRih manuk | ‘ray’ |
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| *parud | ‘rasp, file’ |
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| *paRut | ‘pluck, uproot’ |
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| *pa-sakit | 1. ‘hurt someone’ 2. ‘make someone sick’ |
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| *pasaŋ | ‘pair, matching set’ |
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| *pasaqan | ‘carry on the shoulders’ |
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| *pa-siku | ‘knock someone or something with the elbow’ |
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| *pasuŋ | ‘cheek bone’ |
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| *pa-takut | ‘to frighten, make afraid’ |
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| *pa-taŋis | 1. ‘to make someone cry’ 2. ‘to let someone cry’ |
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| *pataq | ‘break, broken, cut through’ |
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| *pataR | ‘shelf’ |
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| *pa-taRuq | ‘something given to another for safekeeping (?)’ |
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| *p-atay | ‘kill’ |
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| *pa-telu | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
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| *pa-tuba | ‘to stun fish with plant poisons’ |
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| *patuRu | ‘cycad: *Cycas rumphii*’ |
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| *pa-uliq | ‘return, send back’ |
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| *pauq | ‘tree: *Ochrosia oppositifolia*’ |
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| *paya | ‘kind of small fish, probably sardine or anchovy’ |
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| *peceq | 1. ‘break into several large pieces’ 2. ‘to hatch, of an egg’ |
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| *pedet | ‘tight in tightly’ |
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| *peka | ‘separate, disconnect’ |
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| *pekaŋ | ‘stretch open or apart’ |
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| *peket | ‘sticky, adhesive’ |
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| *pekuq | ‘bend, curve’ |
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| *peluk | ‘bend, curve’ |
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| *pened | ‘formal gathering, as of chiefs’ |
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| *pened | ‘stopped up, plugged’ |
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| *peŋ | ‘dull sound’ |
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| *peŋa | ‘fork of a branch’ |
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| *peñu | ‘green turtle, *Chelonia mydas*’ |
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| *penuq sakay | ‘overwhem in numbers?’ |
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| *pe(R)cit | ‘squeeze, squirt out’ |
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| *periŋ | ‘bamboo sp.’ |
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| *pes | ‘sound of escaping air, etc.’ |
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| *pesak | 1. ‘break into several large pieces’ 2. ‘hatch’ |
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| *pespes | 1. ‘squeeze out’ 2. ‘massage’ |
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| *pesu | ‘hole in something’ |
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| *pesuk | 1. ‘have a hole’ 2. ‘perforated’ |
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| *peta | ‘shatter, break’ |
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| *pezeŋ | ‘close the eyes’ |
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| *pia | ‘goodness’ |
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| *pia | ‘to want, desire’ |
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| *pian | ‘want, desire, wish or long for’ |
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| *picak | ‘crush, press in’ |
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| *picik | ‘splash, spray, sprinkle’ |
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| *picit | ‘squeeze out’ |
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| *piek | ‘peep, cheep’ |
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| *pihpih | ‘cheeks, temples’ |
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| *p-ijan | ‘when?’ |
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| *pikak | ‘make a harsh throaty sound’ |
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| *pikaŋ | ‘spread wide apart, as the legs or any two things joined at a point’ |
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| *pikel | ‘bend, curve’ |
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| *pikik | ‘chirp, squeak’ |
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| *pikit | ‘sticking to, attached to, joined’ |
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| *pikul | ‘bend, curve’ |
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| *pikut | ‘to bend over, as a person’ |
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| *pilaɁ | ‘scar’ |
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| *piliq piliq | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
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| *piliq-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
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| *pilit | ‘paste, stick to’ |
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| *pilu | ‘large marine fish, the jackfish or trevally’ |
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| *piluq | ‘to fold’ |
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| *pin-duha | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
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| *piŋ(e)qut | ‘nasal mucus, snot’ |
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| *piŋkaw | ‘bent, crooked’ |
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| *pi(ŋ)keR | ‘bend, turn’ |
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| *pi(ŋ)kuk | ‘bend, curve’ |
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| *piŋus | ‘nasal mucus, snot’ |
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| *pi(n)tak | ‘split’ |
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| *pi(n)tik | ‘throb, beat’ |
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| *pipis | ‘to crush or mash between two hard surfaces’ |
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| *piqek | 1. ‘baby chick’ 2. ‘to peep, of chicks’ |
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| *piRah | ‘roe, eggs of fish or crustacean’ |
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| *piRah-an | ‘laden with roe, of a fish or crustacean’ |
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| *pirit | ‘plait a cord, twist, wrap around’ |
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| *pisaw | ‘kind of knife or machete’ |
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| *pispis | ‘to squeeze’ |
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| *pitak | ‘mud’ |
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| *pitak | ‘split’ |
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| *pitik | ‘to fillip, flick with the finger’ |
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| *pitu ŋa puluq | ‘seven’ |
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| *pitu ŋa Ratus | ‘seven hundred (700)’ |
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| *pituŋ | ‘bamboo sp.’ |
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| *piut | ‘relative of the third or fourth ascending or descending generation’ |
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| *puaŋ | ‘title of respect’ |
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| *pucek | ‘press in by force’ |
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| *pucut | ‘spurt out’ |
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| *pudul | ‘blunt, dull’ |
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| *pudun | 1. ‘wind thread, etc. into a ball’ 2. ‘spool’ |
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| *-pudus | ‘whirlwind, whirlpool’ |
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| *puk | ‘pop!, plop!, splash!’ |
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| *pukaq | ‘break off’ |
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| *puket | ‘dragnet’ |
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| *pula | ‘red’ |
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| *pulaq | ‘red’ |
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| *pules | ‘twist, wring’ |
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| *puliŋ | ‘turn round, rotate’ |
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| *pulis | ‘twist, wring’ |
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| *pulit | ‘twine around’ |
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| *pulut | ‘birdlime, sticky sap of breadfruit, etc.’ |
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| *puna | ‘source, origin’ |
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| *punaŋ | ‘source, origin’ |
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| *punas | ‘wipe off, wipe out’ |
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| *punay punay | ‘greenish fruit dove’ |
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| *puŋgul | ‘prune, cut off the tip’ |
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| *pu(ŋ)kaq | ‘break off’ |
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| *puŋu | ‘bunch, cluster (of grain, fruit, areca nuts, etc.)’ |
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| *puŋun | ‘bunch, cluster’ |
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| *puni | ‘tree fern’ |
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| *pupu | ‘pick, pluck (as fruit)’ |
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| *puqas | ‘to abate, of strong feelings’ |
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| *puqpuq | ‘pick, pluck (as fruit)’ |
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| *puqun | 1. ‘base of a tree’ 2. ‘cause’ 3. ‘source, origin’ 4. ‘beginning’ 5. ‘foot of a hill or mountain’ 6. ‘first wife’ 7. ‘model or example (to be copied)’ 8. ‘expression for the mother’s brother’ |
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| *puqun nu kahiw | ‘tree (lit. ‘foundation/ origin of wood’)’ |
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| *puqun nu laŋit | 1. ‘horizon (lit. ‘foundation/ beginning of the sky’)’ 2. ‘stranger, foreigner’ |
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| *puRcit | ‘spurt or gush out’ |
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| *puRiq | ‘wash, as the hands’ |
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| *puRu | ‘skin disease: framboesia, yaws’ |
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| *pus | ‘hiss, whizzing sound’ |
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| *pusej | 1. ‘navel, umbilicus’ 2. ‘mid-point or center of something’ |
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| *pusuŋ | 1. ‘heart’ 2. ‘heart of banana’ |
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| *pusuq | 1. ‘heart of a person or animal’ 2. ‘purple heart-shaped inflorescence of banana plant’ |
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| *pusuq | ‘sticky rice cake’ |
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| *putaR | ‘to turn’ |
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| *putat | ‘trees in the genus *Barringtonia*’ |
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| *putiq | ‘white’ |
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| *putput | ‘puff, blow, expel air rapidly, as in using a blowgun’ |
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| *putul | ‘to break off, cut off’ |
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| *putuŋ | ‘bamboo used as a storage container’ |
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| *q<in>uma | ‘cultivated field, garden’ |
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| *q<um>anit | ‘to skin an animal’ |
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| *(q)<um>una | 1. ‘to do or go first’ 2. ‘to lead’ |
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| *q<um>uzan | ‘to rain’ |
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| *qabaRa | 1. ‘shoulder’ 2. ‘carry on the shoulder’ |
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| *qabaRa | ‘topmost hand of banana stalk’ |
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| *qabated | ‘sago grub’ |
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| *qabateR | ‘sago grub’ |
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| *qabatiR | ‘sago grub’ |
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| *qabin | ‘hold or carry under the arm’ |
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| *qabu | 1. ‘ash, hearth, cinder, powder, dust’ 2. ‘gray’ |
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| *qabuk | ‘dust, sawdust’ |
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| *qadep | ‘front, facing part’ |
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| *qahelu | ‘pestle’ |
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| *qajeŋ | ‘charcoal’ |
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| *qajeŋ i batu | ‘coal, anthracite’ |
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| *qala-matek | ‘jungle leech, *Haemadipsa* spp.’ |
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| *qalap qatay | ‘(lit. 'fetch the liver') capture someone's fancy’ |
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| *qalejaw | ‘day’ |
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| *qalejaw-qalejaw | ‘daily, every day’ |
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| *qaliliŋ | ‘cateye shell’ |
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| *qali-maŋaw | ‘mangrove crab’ |
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| *qali-maŋu | ‘mangrove crab’ |
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| *qali-petpet | ‘firefly’ |
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| *qali-puspus | 1. ‘whirlwind’ 2. ‘hair whorl’ |
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| *qaliR | ‘to flow’ |
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| *qaliR-an | ‘place where water flows’ |
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| *qalu | ‘fish: barracuda sp.’ |
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| *qalu-hipan | ‘centipede’ |
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| *qalun | ‘long rolling wave, swell, billow’ |
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| *qalunan | ‘wooden headrest, pillow’ |
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| *qaluR | ‘current, deep channel in the middle of a river’ |
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| *qamataq | ‘raw, eat something raw’ |
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| *qambaR | ‘tasteless, insipid’ |
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| *qambat | 1. ‘ambush, block the way’ 2. ‘obstacle, hindrance’ |
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| *qamihan | ‘north wind’ |
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| *qa(m)pelas | ‘tree with leaves like sandpaper: *Ficus* spp.’ |
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| *qa(m)pus | ‘come to an destroy, be destroyed’ |
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| *qanahaw | ‘sugar palm: *Arenga* spp.’ |
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| *qaneb | ‘close a door’ |
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| *qaneb-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
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| *qaŋab | ‘gape, open the mouth wide’ |
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| *qaŋap | ‘gape, open the mouth wide’ |
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| *qaŋeRih | ‘stench of spoiling fish’ |
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| *qaŋet | ‘anger’ |
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| *qaŋiR | ‘fetid, foul-smelling’ |
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| *qanibuŋ | ‘palm, probably *Oncosperma* sp.’ |
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| *qanih | 1. ‘harvest’ 2. ‘to harvest’ |
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| *qanilaw | 1. ‘tree’ 2. ‘*Grewia* spp.’ |
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| *qaninu | ‘shadow, reflection’ |
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| *qani-Ruan | ‘small bee: *Apis indica*’ |
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| *qanit | ‘animal skin, hide, leather’ |
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| *qanitu | 1. ‘ghost, ancestral spirit’ 2. ‘nature spirit’ 3. ‘corpse’ 4. ‘owl’ 5. ‘various plants’ |
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| *qanuaŋ | ‘large ruminant species: carabao, water buffalo (?)’ |
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| *qanunu | ‘shadow’ |
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| *qanup-an | ‘hunt’ |
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| *qanup-en | ‘hunt’ |
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| *qapah | ‘empty husk (of rice, etc.)’ |
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| *qapaliR | ‘surgeonfish: *Acanthurus* spp.’ |
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| *qapij | 1. ‘twins’ 2. ‘double banana’ |
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| *qapit | ‘tongs, anything used to hold things together by pinching’ |
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| *qaRa | ‘tree: *Ficus* spp.’ |
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| *qari-ñuan | ‘small bee: *Apis indica*’ |
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| *qaRsam | ‘fern sp.’ |
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| *qaRta | ‘outsiders, alien people’ |
||
| *qaRuas | ‘young growth stage of mullet’ |
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| *qaRuhu | ‘shore tree: *Casuarina equisetifolia*’ |
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| *qaRus | ‘current, flow’ |
||
| *qasiq | ‘pity, compassion, affection, love, sympathy, forgiveness’ |
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| *qasu | ‘fetch water, scoop up water’ |
||
| *qasu | 1. ‘smoke, fumes, steam’ 2. ‘to smoke (as a fire)’ |
||
| *qasu qasu | ‘give off smoke continuously, pour out smoke’ |
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| *qatay | 1. ‘liver’ 2. ‘seat of the emotions, inner self: core, mind, will, desire, feeling, intelligence, understanding’ 3. ‘to want or wish’ 4. ‘hollow of the palm of the hand or sole of the foot’ 5. ‘pith, as of bamboo’ |
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| *qatay qatay | ‘climbing plant: *Wedelia biflora*’ |
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| *qatay-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *qateluR | 1. ‘egg’ 2. ‘testicle’ |
||
| *qatep | ‘roof, thatch’ |
||
| *qati | 1. ‘ebb, of water in streams’ 2. ‘low tide’ |
||
| *qatimun | ‘cucumber: *Cucumis sativa L.*’ |
||
| *qatiŋ | ‘sweat, perspiration’ |
||
| *qatip | ‘breast beam of a back loom’ |
||
| *qatip | ‘pinch, squeeze, press together’ |
||
| *qatuan | ‘deity’ |
||
| *qatulay | ‘fish: the big-eyed scad *Trachurops crumenophthalmus*’ |
||
| *qatuR | 1. ‘pave with stones’ 2. ‘pile or stack up, arrange, order, put in sequence’ |
||
| *qauR | ‘type of large bamboo’ |
||
| *qawa | ‘fish sp.: the milkfish, *Chanos chanos*’ |
||
| *qawan | ‘fish sp.: the milkfish, *Chanos chanos*’ |
||
| *qawas | ‘fish sp.: mullet sp., *Neomyxus chaptalii*’ |
||
| *qayuyu | ‘coconut crab: *Birgus latro*’ |
||
| *qazay | ‘chin, jaw’ |
||
| *qekak | ‘choke, gasp, struggle for breath’ |
||
| *qekqek | ‘to cough’ |
||
| *qelad | ‘wing’ |
||
| *qelaŋ | ‘intervening space’ |
||
| *qelet | ‘interval, space between’ |
||
| *qembus | 1. ‘blow hard’ 2. ‘snort, pant’ |
||
| *qempeŋ | ‘impede, obstruct, restrain’ |
||
| *qenay qenay | ‘sand’ |
||
| *qeneb | ‘spread all over’ |
||
| *qeneb | 1. ‘to close, shut’ 2. ‘door’ |
||
| *qeñek | ‘press down, squash’ |
||
| *qeneŋ | ‘quiet, still, at rest’ |
||
| *qeŋkem | 1. ‘enclose’ 2. ‘hold something inside the mouth’ |