OUTOFPAPUA database: Lexicons of the West Papuan language area

Usup (1986d): Proto-Buol-Gorontalo

Original citation: Usup, Hunggu Tadjuddin. 1986. Rekonstruksi proto-bahasa Gorontalo-Mongondow. PhD thesis, Universitas Indonesia.

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Headword IPA Glosses
*

‘dress’ (eng); ‘baju’ (ind)

*akuto

‘transport’ (eng); ‘angkut’ (ind)

*ala

‘take’ (eng); ‘ambil’ (ind)

*ali

‘younger brother’ (eng); ‘adik’ (ind)

*anudu

‘drift’ (eng); ‘hanyut’ (ind)

*balaŋo

‘sea’ (eng); ‘laut’ (ind)

*banato

‘lie down’ (eng); ‘berbaring’ (ind)

*baŋaŋo

‘pant, find it hard to breathe’ (eng); ‘terengah-engah, sesak napas’ (ind)

*baŋke

‘carcass’ (eng); ‘bangkai’ (ind)

*banodu

‘numb, tingling’ (eng); ‘mati rasa, sesemutan’ (ind)

*bata

‘wet’ (eng); ‘basah’ (ind)

*batako

‘impolite, coarse’ (eng); ‘kurang ajar’ (ind)

*bataŋa

‘body, self’ (eng); ‘badan, diri’ (ind)

*bataŋo

‘stem (e.g. log)’ (eng); ‘batang (mis. batang kayu)’ (ind)

*biagu

‘life, maintain’ (eng); ‘hidup, pelihara’ (ind)

*biau

‘candlenut’ (eng); ‘kemiri’ (ind); ‘Aleurites moluccana’ (lat)

*bibi

‘ballast load’ (eng); ‘beban pemberat’ (ind)

*bibigu

‘lips’ (eng); ‘bibir’ (ind)

*bibiko

‘duck’ (eng); ‘itik’ (ind)

*bibito

‘tote’ (eng); ‘jinjing’ (ind)

*bigo

‘ko. taro’ (eng); ‘sej. talas’ (ind); ‘Alocasia’ (lat)

*bilito

‘opening something by using your fingers, e.g. open closed eyelids’ (eng); ‘membuka sesuatu dengan menggunakan jari, mis. membuka kelopak mata yang tertutup’ (ind)

*bilogu

‘see’ (eng); ‘lihat’ (ind)

*biniʔ

‘rotten eggs’ (eng); ‘telur busuk’ (ind)

*bintanagu

‘Indian laurel’ (eng); ‘pohon bintangar’ (ind); ‘Calophyllum inophyllum’ (lat)

*binte

‘corn’ (eng); ‘jagung’ (ind); ‘Zea mays’ (lat)

*biodu

‘fish egg’ (eng); ‘telur ikan’ (ind)

*bobo

‘support’ (eng); ‘dukung’ (ind)

*bogaŋo

‘lower jaw’ (eng); ‘rahang bawah’ (ind)

*bogato

‘attic (at home)’ (eng); ‘loteng (pada rumah)’ (ind)

*bogaʔ

‘swollen, swelling’ (eng); ‘bengkak, bengkakan’ (ind)

*bogu

‘kind of vegetable’ (eng); ‘sejenis sayur’ (ind); ‘Gnetum gnemon’ (lat)

*bogu

‘new’ (eng); ‘baru’ (ind)

*bohe

‘give’ (eng); ‘beri, memberi’ (ind)

*bokidu

‘meeting, deliberation’ (eng); ‘pertemuan, permusyawaratan’ (ind)

*bokulo

‘snare’ (eng); ‘jerat’ (ind)

*bokuto

‘wrap’ (eng); ‘bungkus’ (ind)

*bole

‘house’ (eng); ‘rumah’ (ind)

*boli

‘change’ (eng); ‘ganti’ (ind)

*boloa

‘ko. anchovy’ (eng); ‘sej. ikan teri’ (ind)

*boloŋka

‘ko. melon’ (eng); ‘sambiki’ (ind); ‘Lagenaria hispida’ (lat)

*bondu

‘fragrant’ (eng); ‘harum’ (ind)

*boŋo

‘coconut’ (eng); ‘kelapa’ (ind); ‘Cocos nucifera’ (lat)

*boŋu

‘get up’ (eng); ‘bangun’ (ind)

*boo

‘sneeze’ (eng); ‘bersin’ (ind)

*boti

‘too, more than usual’ (eng); ‘terlalu, lebih dari biasanya’ (ind)

*botogu

‘ko. white caterpillar the size of a thumb’ (eng); ‘sej. ulat berwarna putih sebesar ibu jari tangan’ (ind)

*botoko

‘hard to breathe’ (eng); ‘sesak napas’ (ind)

*botu

‘rock’ (eng); ‘batu’ (ind)

*botuŋo

‘tube from the midrib of sago leaves’ (eng); ‘tabung dari pelepah daun sagu’ (ind)

*botuno

‘go on’ (eng); ‘naik’ (ind)

*-bua(i)

‘woman’ (eng); ‘perempuan’ (ind)

*buato

‘lift’ (eng); ‘angkat’ (ind)

*buayo

‘crocodile’ (eng); ‘buaya’ (ind)

*bubogu

‘hit (hard, e.g. hit the reed until it crumbles)’ (eng); ‘pukul (dengan keras, mis. memukul batang buluh sampai remuk)’ (ind)

*bubu

‘hole’ (eng); ‘lubang’ (ind)

*bubu

‘mute’ (eng); ‘bisu’ (ind)

*bubugu

‘bruises (from being hit hard)’ (eng); ‘memar (akibat kena pukulan keras)’ (ind)

*bubuko

‘weevil, ko. wood-eating termites’ (eng); ‘bubuk, sej. rayap pemakan kayu’ (ind)

*bubulo

‘goosebumps (on the human body), fur (on the animal's body)’ (eng); ‘bulu roma (pada tubuh manusia), bulu (pada badan binatang)’ (ind)

*bubuŋo

‘roof connection’ (eng); ‘hubungan atap rumah’ (ind)

*bubuto

‘unplug it’ (eng); ‘cabut’ (ind)

*bue

‘mung beans’ (eng); ‘kacang hijau’ (ind)

*bugani

‘brave’ (eng); ‘berani’ (ind)

*bugaso

‘rice’ (eng); ‘beras’ (ind)

*bugato

‘heavy’ (eng); ‘berat’ (ind)

*buguto

‘tie, bind several similar objects together’ (eng); ‘ikat, mengikat beberapa benda yang sama menjadi satu’ (ind)

*buiŋo

‘charcoal (from wood or shells)’ (eng); ‘arang (dari kayu atau tempurung)’ (ind)

*bukadu

‘untie, release’ (eng); ‘membuka ikatan, melepaskan’ (ind)

*bukato

‘open’ (eng); ‘buka’ (ind)

*bukidu

‘mountain’ (eng); ‘gunung’ (ind)

*bukolo

‘wave’ (eng); ‘ombak’ (ind)

*buku

‘node (bamboo)’ (eng)

*bula

‘month’ (eng); ‘bulan’ (ind)

*bulako

‘pistil, ovary’ (eng); ‘putik, bakal buah’ (ind)

*bulaŋita

‘ko. wood’ (eng); ‘sej. kayu’ (ind); ‘Tetrameles nudiflora’ (lat)

*bulawa

‘gold’ (eng); ‘emas’ (ind)

*-bulaʔ

‘boiling’ (eng); ‘mendidih’ (ind)

*bule

‘husband and wife, marry’ (eng); ‘suami/istri, kawin’ (ind)

*buli

‘free, gone’ (eng)

*buli

‘price’ (eng); ‘harga’ (ind)

*bulia

‘witch doctor’ (eng); ‘dukun’ (ind)

*buligu

‘stretcher’ (eng); ‘usung’ (ind)

*buliuŋo

‘ax’ (eng); ‘kapak’ (ind)

*buliʔ

‘butt’ (eng); ‘pantat’ (ind)

*bulotoko

‘little mosquito’ (eng); ‘nyamuk kecil’ (ind)

*bulotu

‘boat’ (eng); ‘perahu’ (ind)

*bulu

‘bamboo’ (eng); ‘bambu, buluh’ (ind)

*buludu

‘mountain’ (eng); ‘gunung’ (ind)

*buluito

‘ko. marsh bird’ (eng); ‘burung weris, sej. burung rawa’ (ind)

*buluko

‘rotten, bad’ (eng); ‘busuk, buruk’ (ind)

*bumbaŋo

‘disband, run’ (eng); ‘bubar, lari’ (ind)

*bunako

‘dibble’ (eng); ‘menugal’ (ind)

*bundito

‘poetry’ (eng); ‘syair, bersyair’ (ind)

*bunduto

‘rotten, musty’ (eng); ‘busuk, apak’ (ind)

*buŋa

‘flower’ (eng); ‘bunga’ (ind)

*buŋayo

‘sand’ (eng); ‘pasir’ (ind)

*buŋkudu

‘noni, tree whose bark is made into red paint to color batik cloth’ (eng); ‘mengkudu, bengkudu, pohon yang kulitnya dibuat cat merah untuk mewarnai kain batik’ (ind); ‘Morinda citrifolia’ (lat)

*buŋola

‘ear’ (eng); ‘talinga’ (ind)

*buŋolawa(ŋo)

‘clove’ (eng); ‘cengkih’ (ind); ‘Eugenia aromatica’ (lat)

*buŋolo

‘deaf’ (eng); ‘tuli’ (ind)

*buni

‘hide’ (eng); ‘sembunyi’ (ind)

*bunia

‘eagle’ (eng); ‘burung elang’ (ind); ‘Haliastur indus intermedius, Spilornis cheela’ (lat)

*bunodu

‘congested’ (eng); ‘padat’ (ind)

*bunto

‘separated’ (eng); ‘putus’ (ind)

*buntu

‘heap, pile’ (eng); ‘timbunan, onggokan’ (ind)

*bunuto

‘husk (in coconuts)’ (eng); ‘sabut (pada buah kelapa)’ (ind)

*buoko

‘hair’ (eng); ‘rambut’ (ind)

*buta

‘land’ (eng); ‘tanah’ (ind)

*butako

‘broken’ (eng); ‘pecah’ (ind)

*bute

‘paddle’ (eng); ‘dayung’ (ind)

*butigu

‘granules or small round objects’ (eng); ‘butiran atau benda kecil yang bulat’ (ind)

*butioto

‘calf’ (eng); ‘betis’ (ind)

*butiti

‘ko. small sea fish with a big stomach’ (eng); ‘sej. ikan laut kecil yang perutnya besar’ (ind)

*butu

‘testicles’ (eng); ‘buah pelir’ (ind)

*butugu

‘full’ (eng); ‘kenyang’ (ind)

*butulo

‘rope knot’ (eng); ‘simpul tali’ (ind)

*butuŋo

‘curse’ (eng); ‘kutuk, laknat’ (ind)

*bututu

‘cover for filling something (made of thick cloth)’ (eng); ‘sarung tempat mengisi sesuatu (terbuat dari kain tebal)’ (ind)

*(d,l)undiso

‘nine’ (eng); ‘sembilu’ (ind)

*dabu

‘fall’ (eng); ‘jatuh’ (ind)

*dagato

‘sea ​​water’ (eng); ‘air laut’ (ind)

*dagito

‘kidnap, sambar, e.g. chicks by eagles’ (eng); ‘culik, sambar, mis. anak ayam oleh elang’ (ind)

*dagumo

‘needle’ (eng); ‘jarum’ (ind)

*daiso

‘finished’ (eng); ‘habis’ (ind)

*daki

‘climb’ (eng); ‘daki’ (ind)

*dakito

‘flame (of fire), spread (of fire from one place to another)’ (eng); ‘menyala (tentang api), menjalar (tentang api dari satu tempat ke tempat lain)’ (ind)

*dalagu

‘yellow’ (eng); ‘kuning, berwarna kuning’ (ind)

*dalano

‘road’ (eng); ‘jalan’ (ind)

*dalomo

‘in’ (eng); ‘dalam’ (ind)

*damagu

‘resin’ (eng); ‘damar’ (ind); ‘Dammara cerebica’ (lat)

*daŋato

‘crash’ (eng); ‘tabrak’ (ind)

*dano

‘lake’ (eng); ‘danau’ (ind)

*dapato

‘until, arrive’ (eng); ‘sampai, tiba’ (ind)

*datagu

‘plain, level’ (eng)

*datogu

‘load’ (eng); ‘muat, muatan’ (ind)

*dau

‘ko. wood’ (eng); ‘sej. kayu’ (ind); ‘Dracontomelon macrocarpum’ (lat)

*didi

‘boil’ (eng); ‘mendidih’ (ind)

*dila

‘tongue’ (eng); ‘lidah’ (ind)

*dilato

‘lick’ (eng); ‘jilat’ (ind)

*dindiŋo

‘wall’ (eng); ‘dinding’ (ind)

*doluo

‘two’ (eng); ‘dua’ (ind)

*duayo

‘white stork’ (eng); ‘bangau putih’ (ind)

*dudapo

‘tiger's claw, Indian coral tree’ (eng); ‘pohon dedap’ (ind); ‘Erythrina indica’ (lat)

*dudubu

‘chest’ (eng); ‘dada’ (ind)

*duduko

‘mash, e.g. pounding rice’ (eng); ‘tumbuk, mis. menumbuk padi’ (ind)

*dudupo

‘early in the morning’ (eng); ‘pagi-pagi’ (ind)

*dugaŋo

‘plus’ (eng); ‘tambah’ (ind)

*dugi

‘thorns’ (eng); ‘duri’ (ind)

*duguʔ

‘blood’ (eng); ‘darah’ (ind)

*dulako

‘bow (of a boat)’ (eng); ‘haluan (pada perahu)’ (ind)

*dulaŋo

‘tray’ (eng); ‘dulang’ (ind)

*dulopo

‘dive’ (eng); ‘selam, menyelam’ (ind)

*duloto

‘overlap, pierce’ (eng); ‘tindih, tindis’ (ind)

*duludu

‘shinbone’ (eng); ‘tulang kering’ (ind)

*dumoko

‘catch, e.g. catch chickens’ (eng); ‘tangkap, menangkap mis. menangkap ayam’ (ind)

*duŋa

‘nod (of the head)’ (eng); ‘angguk (tentang kepala)’ (ind)

*duŋogu

‘hear’ (eng); ‘dengar’ (ind)

*dupa

‘forge, e.g. forge iron’ (eng); ‘tempa, mis. menempa besi’ (ind)

*dupi

‘board’ (eng); ‘papan’ (ind)

*dutuna

‘river, part of the river where you bathe’ (eng); ‘sungai, bagian sungai tempat mandi’ (ind)

*gakit(o,a)

‘raft’ (eng); ‘rakit’ (ind)

*gakuto

‘tie’ (eng); ‘ikat’ (ind)

*gale

‘small prawns, baby shrimp’ (eng); ‘udang yang halus, anak udang’ (ind)

*galumo

‘family’ (eng); ‘keluarga’ (ind)

*gama

‘take’ (eng); ‘ambil’ (ind)

*gantaŋo

‘bushel’ (eng); ‘gantang’ (ind)

*gaputo

‘hug, embrace’ (eng); ‘peluk, rangkul’ (ind)

*gatuto

‘hundred’ (eng); ‘ratus’ (ind)

*gau

‘cigarette’ (eng); ‘rokok’ (ind)

*gia

‘jealous’ (eng); ‘cemburu’ (ind)

*gigito

‘rub, clean’ (eng); ‘gosok, membersihkan’ (ind)

*giludu

‘pull, tug’ (eng); ‘tarik, hela’ (ind)

*gimukudu

‘good spirits, spirit of a deceased person’ (eng); ‘roh yang baik, roh orang yang sudah meninggal’ (ind)

*gitiŋa

‘hair that grows between the ears and temples’ (eng); ‘rambut yang tumbuh di antara telinga dan pelipis’ (ind)

*gugali

‘rest’ (eng); ‘istirahat’ (ind)

*gu-guLaŋo

‘older brother’ (eng); ‘kakak’ (ind)

*gugulo

‘shake’ (eng); ‘goyang, guncang’ (ind)

*gu-gulono

‘hungry’ (eng); ‘lapar’ (ind)

*gugutu

‘behavior’ (eng); ‘tingkah laku’ (ind)

*gui

‘evening’ (eng); ‘malam’ (ind)

*guLaŋo

‘old’ (eng); ‘tua’ (ind)

*gulopako

‘kicking sound’ (eng); ‘bunyi 'pak', mis. bunyi sepakan’ (ind)

*gulotupo

‘explode, erupt’ (eng); ‘letup, letus’ (ind)

*guma

‘speak, say’ (eng); ‘bilang, katakan’ (ind)

*gumuko

‘buzz’ (eng); ‘dengung, dengungan’ (ind)

*gunugulo

‘concussion (a resounding sound, e.g. thunder)’ (eng); ‘gegar (bunyi yang bergegar, mis. bunyi halilintar)’ (ind)

*guodu

‘still young, not yet cooked e.g. fruit’ (eng); ‘masih muda, belum masak mis. buah-buhahan’ (ind)

*guoto

‘gum’ (eng); ‘gusi’ (ind)

*gupeto

‘pinch’ (eng); ‘jepit’ (ind)

*gutiʔa(no)

‘rattan whose stems are quite smooth’ (eng); ‘rotan yang batangnya agak halus’ (ind)

*gutuko

‘rib’ (eng); ‘rusuk’ (ind)

*humbuŋo

‘deep and round, e.g. plate’ (eng); ‘dalam dan bulat, mis. piring’ (ind)

*-igi

‘pillar, post supporting the house’ (eng); ‘pilar, tiang topang rumah’ (ind)

*iluŋo

‘nose’ (eng); ‘hidung’ (ind)

*ina

‘mother’ (eng); ‘ibu’ (ind)

*iupo

‘blow’ (eng); ‘tiup’ (ind)

*kaa

‘eat’ (eng); ‘makan’ (ind)

*kabauŋa

‘basket’ (eng); ‘bakul’ (ind)

*kabila

‘container for betel vine and areca nut’ (eng); ‘cerana (tempat sirih dan pinang)’ (ind)

*kabolo

‘invulnerable (of the body)’ (eng); ‘kebal (tentang badan)’ (ind)

*kaito

‘cow, sweep’ (eng); ‘sapi, menyapu’ (ind)

*kaito

‘hook’ (eng); ‘kait’ (ind)

*kali

‘dig’ (eng); ‘gali’ (ind)

*kalibumbaŋo

‘butterfly’ (eng); ‘kupu-kupu’ (ind)

*kalito

‘scratched, get scratched, e.g. body skin by nails’ (eng); ‘tergores, kena goresan, mis. kulit badan oleh paku’ (ind)

*kalo

‘hornbill’ (eng); ‘burung taon’ (ind)

*kalugu

‘shave, e.g. shave hair, grate (measuring coconut)’ (eng); ‘cukur, mis. mencukur rambut, kukur (mengukur kelapa)’ (ind)

*kami

‘we (excl)’ (eng); ‘kami’ (ind)

*kamu

‘you’ (eng); ‘anda’ (ind)

*kapi(no,ŋo)

‘more (in total e.g. one hundred more)’ (eng); ‘lebih (di dalam jumlah mis. seratus lebih)’ (ind)

*kapoto

‘cotton thread (spun by yourself)’ (eng); ‘benang dari kapas (yang dipintal sendiri)’ (ind)

*kati

‘pity (interjection)’ (eng); ‘kasihan (kata seru)’ (ind)

*katigu

‘outrigger, carrier (on a boat)’ (eng); ‘katir, penggandung (pada perahu)’ (ind)

*kato

‘rafters (on a house)’ (eng); ‘kasau (pada rumah)’ (ind)

*kayabu

‘fan (body fan if the air is hot)’ (eng); ‘kipas (pengipas badan jika udara panas)’ (ind)

*kayu

‘wood’ (eng); ‘kayu’ (ind)

*kikilo

‘bite’ (eng); ‘gigit’ (ind)

*kikito

‘scrape’ (eng); ‘kikis’ (ind)

*kilapo

‘blink (of the eyes)’ (eng); ‘kedip (tentang mata)’ (ind)

*kilato

‘lightning’ (eng); ‘kilat’ (ind)

*kiŋkimo

‘hem, sew the edge of the shirt’ (eng); ‘kelim, menjahit bagian pinggir baju’ (ind)

*kito

‘we (incl)’ (eng); ‘kita’ (ind)

*kogaŋo

‘wounded skin that has hardened’ (eng); ‘kulit luka yang telah mengeras’ (ind)

*kokabu

‘opening or flapping wings (of birds or chickens if they want to fly)’ (eng); ‘membuka atau mengepakkan sayap (tentang burung atau ayam jika akan terbang)’ (ind)

*kokapo

‘touch, grope (in the dark)’ (eng); ‘raba, meraba (di dalam gelap)’ (ind)

*kokobu

‘chew’ (eng); ‘kunyah’ (ind)

*kokodu

‘hug, embrace’ (eng); ‘peluk, rangkul’ (ind)

*kolako

‘phlegm (which comes out of the mouth when coughing)’ (eng); ‘dahak (yang keluar dari mulut ketika batuk)’ (ind)

*kolawagu

‘turmeric’ (eng); ‘kunyit’ (ind); ‘Curcuma’ (lat)

*koLo

‘message’ (eng); ‘pesan’ (ind)

*koloana

‘right’ (eng); ‘kanan’ (ind)

*koloigi

‘left’ (eng); ‘kiri’ (ind)

*koLoŋia

‘(person) noble, (class) nobles’ (eng); ‘(orang) bangsawan, (golongan) ningrat’ (ind)

*koLoŋkamo

‘chicken lice (white)’ (eng); ‘kutu ayam (berwarna putih)’ (ind)

*koloŋo

‘large chunks, e.g. logs’ (eng); ‘potongan besar, mis. batang kayu’ (ind)

*koloto

‘hazy (versus clear, about water)’ (eng); ‘kabur (lawan jernih, tentang air)’ (ind)

*koluntuŋo

‘dandruff, dirt on the scalp’ (eng); ‘ketombe, kotoran di kulit kepala’ (ind)

*komaligu

‘palace’ (eng); ‘istana’ (ind)

*kombile

‘ko. mango’ (eng); ‘sej. mangga’ (ind); ‘Mangifera indica’ (lat)

*komboso

‘ko. guava’ (eng); ‘sej. jambu’ (ind); ‘Eugenia’ (lat)

*kompito

‘sticky’ (eng); ‘lekat, lengket’ (ind)

*kompoŋo

‘stomach (food bag)’ (eng); ‘perut (kantong makanan)’ (ind)

*koŋkomo

‘fist’ (eng); ‘genggam’ (ind)

*konuku

‘nail’ (eng); ‘kuku’ (ind)

*kotili

‘bullock fish’ (eng); ‘ikan bulit’ (ind)

*kuaako

‘shout’ (eng); ‘teriak’ (ind)

*kukubu

‘closed’ (eng); ‘tutup’ (ind)

*kukudu

‘scratch’ (eng); ‘garuk’ (ind)

*kukupo

‘surrounded (human body swamped by ants), wrapped’ (eng); ‘dikerumuni (badan manusia oleh semut), dibungkus’ (ind)

*kulau(gu)

‘mix, mix up’ (eng); ‘campur, campur baur’ (ind)

*kulito

‘skin’ (eng); ‘kulit’ (ind)

*kuLoŋo

‘pot’ (eng); ‘belanga’ (ind)

*kuloŋo

‘hibiscus’ (eng); ‘kembang sepatu’ (ind); ‘Hibiscus rosa-sinensis’ (lat)

*kulugu

‘shave or crop (of hair)’ (eng); ‘cukur atau menggunduli (tentang rambut)’ (ind)

*kundi

‘key’ (eng); ‘kunci’ (ind)

*kuono

‘so and so, something’ (eng); ‘anu, sesuatu’ (ind)

*kupi

‘fold’ (eng); ‘lipat’ (ind)

*kupo

‘ko. guava’ (eng); ‘sej. jambu’ (ind); ‘Eugenia malaccensis’ (lat)

*kute

‘cuscus’ (eng); ‘kuskus’ (ind); ‘Phalangista ursina’ (lat)

*kutu

‘flea’ (eng); ‘kutu’ (ind)

*laato

‘wicked, bad’ (eng); ‘jahat, jelek’ (ind)

*labuto

‘unplug, snatch’ (eng); ‘cabut, renggut’ (ind)

*lagi

‘run, run away’ (eng); ‘lari, minggat’ (ind)

*lago

‘big red ant’ (eng); ‘semut besar berwarna merah’ (ind)

*lai

‘bunch (of coconuts)’ (eng); ‘tandan (tentang buah kelapa)’ (ind)

*laigu

‘dangau’ (eng); ‘dangau’ (ind)

*lako

‘go, walk’ (eng); ‘pergi, berjalan’ (ind)

*lakupo

‘catch, handheld’ (eng); ‘tangkap, genggam’ (ind)

*lamagu

‘smooth and shiny’ (eng); ‘licin dan berkilat’ (ind)

*lamemeto

‘fast, deft’ (eng); ‘cepat, cekatan’ (ind)

*lampaŋo

‘long steps’ (eng); ‘langkah yang panjang’ (ind)

*landato

‘langsat’ (eng); ‘langsat’ (ind); ‘Lansium domesticum’ (lat)

*landiko

‘jump’ (eng); ‘lompat’ (ind)

*laŋkaŋo

‘tip of a bamboo tree with branches’ (eng); ‘ujung pohon bambu yang beranting’ (ind)

*laŋkapa

‘termite’ (eng); ‘ani-ani’ (ind)

*laŋkito

‘cut, e.g. rope’ (eng); ‘potong, mis. tali’ (ind)

*laŋo

‘drunk’ (eng); ‘mabuk’ (ind)

*laŋo

‘fly’ (eng); ‘lalat’ (ind)

*laŋo

‘irritated’ (eng); ‘jengkel’ (ind)

*lanito

‘sharp’ (eng); ‘tajam’ (ind)

*lantako

‘float’ (eng); ‘terapung’ (ind)

*lantuŋo

‘pet confinement’ (eng); ‘kurungan binatang peliharaan’ (ind)

*lapa

‘short machete’ (eng); ‘parang pendek’ (ind)

*lapato

‘finished’ (eng); ‘selesai, rampung’ (ind)

*la(w)ato

‘rare’ (eng); ‘jarang’ (ind)

*layagu

‘sail’ (eng); ‘layar’ (ind)

*layaŋo

‘throw away’ (eng); ‘buang’ (ind)

*layu

‘far’ (eng); ‘jauh’ (ind)

*layugu

‘tall, fly’ (eng); ‘tinggi, melayang’ (ind)

*leadu

‘straighten teeth’ (eng); ‘memepat atau meratakan gigi’ (ind)

*leleŋkela

‘kettle’ (eng); ‘cerek’ (ind)

*libu

‘thousand’ (eng); ‘ribu’ (ind)

*libubogu

‘rainbow’ (eng); ‘pelangi, benang raja’ (ind)

*libudu

‘winding, circumference’ (eng); ‘lilit, lingkar’ (ind)

*libuto

‘hurricane’ (eng); ‘angin topan’ (ind)

*libuto(no)

‘island’ (eng); ‘pulau’ (ind)

*ligito

‘crazy’ (eng); ‘gilas’ (ind)

*liko

‘bedbug’ (eng); ‘kutu busuk’ (ind)

*lilidu

‘roll’ (eng); ‘guling’ (ind)

*limaŋo

‘big crab’ (eng); ‘kepiting besar’ (ind)

*limato

‘pyramid, sauk (of water)’ (eng); ‘limas, sauk (tentang air)’ (ind)

*limo

‘five, hand’ (eng); ‘lima, tangan’ (ind)

*limu

‘orange, lime’ (eng); ‘jeruk, limau’ (ind); ‘Citrus sp.’ (lat)

*limumugu

‘gargle’ (eng); ‘kumur’ (ind)

*liŋaŋato

‘hot (of the body when sweating)’ (eng); ‘panas (tentang badan ketika berkeringat)’ (ind)

*liŋkagu

‘fast (of how to walk)’ (eng); ‘cepat (tentang cara berjalan)’ (ind)

*liŋkito

‘bracelet’ (eng); ‘gelang’ (ind)

*lino

‘pool (deep part of the river)’ (eng); ‘lubuk (bagian sungai yang dalam)’ (ind)

*linta

‘leech’ (eng); ‘lintah’ (ind)

*linugu

‘earthquake’ (eng); ‘gempa bumi’ (ind)

*liodu

‘footstep’ (eng); ‘jejak’ (ind)

*lioŋo

‘forget’ (eng); ‘lupa’ (ind)

*lipato

‘forget’ (eng); ‘lupa’ (ind)

*lipu

‘country, village’ (eng); ‘negeri, kampung’ (ind)

*lita

‘lice eggs’ (eng); ‘telur kutu’ (ind)

*litodu

‘twisted (of rope)’ (eng); ‘pilin (tentang tali)’ (ind)

*lobuko

‘sit down’ (eng); ‘duduk’ (ind)

*lobuŋo

‘plant, bury’ (eng); ‘tanam, kubur’ (ind)

*loguto

‘bone’ (eng); ‘ketulangan’ (ind)

*lokadu

‘raised, out of place’ (eng); ‘terangkat, keluar dari tempatnya’ (ind)

*lokato

‘peel, release from attachment’ (eng); ‘mengupas, melepaskan dari lekatan’ (ind)

*lolaki

‘man’ (eng); ‘laki-laki’ (ind)

*lomoto

‘drown to death’ (eng); ‘mati tenggelam’ (ind)

*londugu

‘slip, e.g. because the road is slippery’ (eng); ‘terpeleset, mis. karena jalan yang licin’ (ind)

*loŋito

‘mosquito’ (eng); ‘nyamuk’ (ind)

*loŋkabu

‘large cuts or incisions’ (eng); ‘potongan atau sayatan besar’ (ind)

*loŋuŋu

‘nape’ (eng); ‘tengkuk’ (ind)

*lopito

‘snatch from top to bottom, e.g. corn from the tree or twigs from its branches’ (eng); ‘merenggut dari atas ke bawah, mis. buah jagung dari pohonnya atau ranting dari cabangnya’ (ind)

*lopo

‘fathom’ (eng); ‘depa’ (ind)

*lopu

‘die silly, dead’ (eng); ‘mati konyol, mampus’ (ind)

*lotiŋo

‘vinegar, sour’ (eng); ‘cuka, asam’ (ind)

*loto

‘basket’ (eng); ‘bakul’ (ind)

*lotono

‘tense, strong’ (eng); ‘tegang, kuat’ (ind)

*lotuŋo

‘mortar’ (eng); ‘lesung’ (ind)

*lotuto

‘hollow, holes (especially the bottom/butt)’ (eng); ‘bolong, berlubang (terutama bagian bawah/pantat)’ (ind)

*lua

‘tears’ (eng); ‘air mata’ (ind)

*luagu

‘loose, e.g. clothes size’ (eng); ‘longgar, mis. ukuran baju’ (ind)

*lua(n)ti

‘worm’ (eng); ‘cacing’ (ind)

*luduto

‘fall, luruh (of fruit or duan)’ (eng); ‘gugur, luruh (tentang buah atau duan)’ (ind)

*luga

‘destroyed, very soft, e.g. because it was submerged for a long time’ (eng); ‘hancur, lembek sekali, mis. karena terendam lama’ (ind)

*luguto

‘betel nut’ (eng); ‘pinang’ (ind); ‘Areca catecha’ (lat)

*luguto

‘heavy (of rain)’ (eng); ‘deras (tentang hujan)’ (ind)

*luito

‘pointed’ (eng); ‘runcing’ (ind)

*lulako

‘pull down fruits repeatedly (roughly)’ (eng); ‘jolok berulang-ulang (dengan kasar)’ (ind)

*luli

‘healed’ (eng); ‘sembuh’ (ind)

*luluko

‘bastard (cuss word for men)’ (eng); ‘bangsat (kata makian untuk laki-laki)’ (ind)

*luluto

‘cook using bamboo strips as a container’ (eng); ‘memasak dengan menggunakan seruas bambu sebagai wadahnya’ (ind)

*lumontiko

‘large black ants’ (eng); ‘semut hitam yang besar badannya’ (ind)

*lumuto

‘moss’ (eng); ‘lumut’ (ind); ‘Musci, Najas celebica’ (lat)

*lupugu

‘lazy, weak’ (eng); ‘malas, lemah’ (ind)

*lutu

‘cook’ (eng); ‘masak’ (ind)

*mai

‘let, here’ (eng); ‘mari, ke mari’ (ind)

*mama

‘betel’ (eng); ‘sirih’ (ind)

*mamaa

‘areca nut’ (eng); ‘pinang’ (ind); ‘Areca catechu)’ (lat)

*maŋkubi

‘demon’ (eng); ‘setan’ (ind)

*manuko

‘chicken’ (eng); ‘ayam’ (ind)

*mate

‘dead’ (eng); ‘mati’ (ind)

*mato

‘eye’ (eng); ‘mata’ (ind)

*minaŋo

‘river’ (eng); ‘sungai’ (ind)

*moali

‘can’ (eng); ‘boleh’ (ind)

*monagu

‘down’ (eng); ‘turun’ (ind)

*mulo

‘plant’ (eng); ‘tanam’ (ind)

*mundoŋo

‘snot, dirt nose’ (eng); ‘ingus, kotoran hidung’ (ind)

*muno

‘at first’ (eng); ‘mula-mula’ (ind)

*nambugu

‘dew (which sticks to the grass)’ (eng); ‘embun (yang melekat di rerumputan)’ (ind)

*nana

‘pus’ (eng); ‘nanah’ (ind)

*naŋga

‘jackfruit’ (eng); ‘nangka’ (ind); ‘Artocarpus integrifolia’ (lat)

*naŋi

‘swim’ (eng); ‘berenang’ (ind)

*natu

‘egg’ (eng); ‘telur’ (ind)

*ŋaŋo

‘mouth’ (eng); ‘mulut’ (ind)

*ŋanteŋante

‘earrings’ (eng); ‘anting-anting’ (ind)

*ŋiti

‘open and shows teeth’ (eng); ‘membuka mulut seraya menampakkan gigi’ (ind)

*ŋoŋoto

‘pain’ (eng); ‘kesakitan’ (ind)

*nilu

‘hurt’ (eng); ‘ngilu’ (ind)

*ninito

‘rub’ (eng); ‘gosok’ (ind)

*nipa

‘ko. palm’ (eng); ‘nipah’ (ind); ‘Nipa fructicans’ (lat)

*nunuko

‘banyan tree’ (eng); ‘pohon beringin’ (ind); ‘Ficus benjamina’ (lat)

*omuto

‘fragrant’ (eng); ‘harum’ (ind)

*ono

‘cold’ (eng); ‘dingin’ (ind)

*oyodu

‘press’ (eng); ‘tekan’ (ind)

*paa

‘thigh’ (eng); ‘paha’ (ind)

*padaŋo

‘kunai grass’ (eng); ‘alang-alang’ (ind); ‘Imperata arundinacea’ (lat)

*pagi

‘stingray’ (eng); ‘ikan pari’ (ind)

*paito

‘bitter’ (eng); ‘pahit’ (ind)

*(pa)joŋke

‘ko. traditional dances’ (eng); ‘sej. tarian tradisional’ (ind)

*paki

‘top’ (eng); ‘gasing’ (ind)

*paku

‘fern’ (eng); ‘sayur paku’ (ind); ‘Asplenium esculentum’ (lat)

*paladu

‘footprint (hand or foot)’ (eng); ‘tapak (tangan atau kaki)’ (ind)

*pale

‘rice’ (eng); ‘padi’ (ind); ‘Oriza sativa’ (lat)

*palempaŋo

‘midrib, e.g. coconut leaf midrib’ (eng); ‘pelepah, mis. pelepah daun kelapa’ (ind)

*pali

‘wound’ (eng); ‘luka’ (ind)

*palia

‘bitter gourd’ (eng); ‘paria’ (ind); ‘Momordica charantia’ (lat)

*palito

‘around, surround’ (eng); ‘keliling, mengelilingi’ (ind)

*paluto

‘finished’ (eng); ‘selesai, rampung’ (ind)

*pampiŋo

‘move’ (eng); ‘pindah’ (ind)

*pana

‘arrow’ (eng); ‘panah’ (ind)

*panato

‘sick’ (eng); ‘sakit’ (ind)

*paŋi

‘pangi tree, the leaves are edible’ (eng); ‘pohon pangi, daunnya dapat dimakan’ (ind); ‘Pangium edule’ (lat)

*paŋimpa

‘embankment (in rice fields)’ (eng); ‘pematang (di sawah)’ (ind)

*paŋke

‘stalk, e.g. flower stalk’ (eng); ‘tangkai, mis. tangkai bunga’ (ind)

*paŋkulo

‘o'clock, wrought’ (eng); ‘pukul, tempa’ (ind)

*pata

‘sheet’ (eng); ‘lembar, helai’ (ind)

*patato

‘bright, clear (of sight)’ (eng); ‘terang, jelas (tentang penglihatan)’ (ind)

*pate

‘kill’ (eng); ‘bunuh’ (ind)

*patigu

‘coral (in the middle of the sea)’ (eng); ‘karang (di tengah laut)’ (ind)

*patoko

‘stake (fence post)’ (eng); ‘pancang (tiang pagar)’ (ind)

*patu

‘hot’ (eng); ‘panas’ (ind)

*patuju

‘objective, meaning’ (eng); ‘tujuan, maksud’ (ind)

*pendudu

‘stumble, e.g. stone feet when walking’ (eng); ‘terantuk, mis. kaki batu ketika berjalan’ (ind)

*peŋko

‘club (of the foot)’ (eng); ‘pengkor (tentang kaki)’ (ind)

*pigito

‘beam on the floor of the house’ (eng); ‘balok pada lantai rumah’ (ind)

*pili

‘choose’ (eng); ‘pilih, memilih’ (ind)

*piŋi

‘huddled together, e.g. about bananas’ (eng); ‘berdempet, mis. tentang buah pisang’ (ind)

*pintadu

‘beach’ (eng); ‘pantai’ (ind)

*pio

‘good’ (eng); ‘baik’ (ind)

*pipidu

‘arrange (to be orderly, of elongated objects)’ (eng); ‘susun, menyusun (supaya teratur, tentang benda-benda yang memanjang)’ (ind)

*pipiko

‘dodge, flounder’ (eng); ‘tepis, gelepar’ (ind)

*pito

‘knife’ (eng); ‘pisau’ (ind)

*pitoko

‘blind in one eye’ (eng); ‘buta mata sebelah’ (ind)

*pitota(no)

‘tight knot’ (eng); ‘ikatan yang erat’ (ind)

*pitu

‘seven’ (eng); ‘tujuh’ (ind)

*(po)dilato

‘spleen’ (eng); ‘limpa’ (ind)

*pogia

‘other, another, except’ (eng); ‘lain, yang lain, kecuali’ (ind)

*poliama

‘star’ (eng); ‘bintang’ (ind)

*polipiko

‘wings (in birds)’ (eng); ‘sayap (pada unggas)’ (ind)

*poloko

‘short’ (eng); ‘pendek’ (ind)

*poloko

‘smoke (from combustion)’ (eng); ‘asap (dari hasil pembakaran)’ (ind)

*poloto

‘very hurt, really hurts’ (eng); ‘perih sekali, sakit sekali’ (ind)

*polu

‘bile’ (eng); ‘empedu’ (ind)

*pompaŋo

‘cliff on the river bank’ (eng); ‘tebing di tepi sungai’ (ind)

*pomponu

‘turtle’ (eng); ‘kura-kura’ (ind)

*pondam(o,a)

‘feeling’ (eng); ‘perasaan’ (ind)

*poŋko

‘devil whose job is to take people's hearts’ (eng); ‘iblis yang kerjanya mengambil jantung orang’ (ind)

*poniki

‘bat’ (eng); ‘kelelawar’ (ind)

*ponodu

‘congested, pithy’ (eng); ‘padat, bernas’ (ind)

*popodu

‘tip (of an elongated object)’ (eng); ‘ujung (dari benda yang memanjang)’ (ind)

*potaa(no)

‘carry’ (eng); ‘pikul’ (ind)

*potiko

‘tick (with fingertips)’ (eng); ‘kutik (dengan ujung jari)’ (ind)

*potolo

‘tube from bamboo strips’ (eng); ‘tabung dari seruas bambu’ (ind)

*potuŋo

‘piggy bank made of bamboo’ (eng); ‘celengan dari seruas bambu’ (ind)

*potuto

‘broken, erupted’ (eng); ‘pecah, meletus’ (ind)

*pugita

‘octopus’ (eng); ‘gurita’ (ind); ‘Polyp’ (lat)

*puguto

‘squeeze (by hand, e.g. squeezing coconut milk from coconuts to make oil)’ (eng); ‘peras (dengan tangan, mis. memeras santan dari kelapa kukur yang akan dibuat minyak)’ (ind)

*puki

‘female genitalia’ (eng); ‘kemaluan perempuan’ (ind)

*puliŋo

‘full, e.g. water in the baking dish’ (eng); ‘penuh, mis. air di dalam loyang’ (ind)

*puliŋo

‘sty, foreign object in the eye’ (eng); ‘lilip, benda asing di mata’ (ind)

*pulu

‘handle’ (eng); ‘gagang, mis. gagang garang’ (ind)

*pulu

‘tens’ (eng); ‘puluh’ (ind)

*puluto

‘gum, sap’ (eng); ‘pulut, getah’ (ind)

*pune

‘ko. bird’ (eng); ‘burung punai’ (ind)

*puntiana

‘ko. ghost’ (eng); ‘kuntilanak’ (ind)

*-punu

‘magnifier’ (eng); ‘pembesar’ (ind)

*pupugu

‘scabies’ (eng); ‘kudis’ (ind)

*pupuko

‘live together’ (eng); ‘hidup bersama-sama’ (ind)

*putiko

‘white’ (eng); ‘putih’ (ind)

*putodu

‘navel, central (in the middle of the stomach)’ (eng); ‘pusar, pusat (pada tengah perut)’ (ind)

*putoŋi

‘cheek’ (eng); ‘pipi’ (ind)

*putu

‘heart’ (eng); ‘jantung’ (ind)

*putuŋo

‘banana blossom’ (eng); ‘jantung pisang’ (ind)

*pututo

‘wrap’ (eng); ‘bungkus’ (ind)

*puyuŋo

‘bun’ (eng); ‘sanggul’ (ind)

*puyuto

‘pick up’ (eng); ‘pungut’ (ind)

*sayadu

‘divide, slice’ (eng); ‘iris, bagi’ (ind)

*sola

‘fish’ (eng); ‘ikan’ (ind)

*tabi

‘darling’ (eng); ‘sayang’ (ind)

*tabo

‘fat, salary’ (eng); ‘lemak, gajih’ (ind)

*taboŋo

‘tastes bland (of the taste of food)’ (eng); ‘berasa tawar (tentang rasa makanan)’ (ind)

*tabudu

‘sprinkle, scattered’ (eng); ‘tabur, hambur’ (ind)

*tadaŋo

‘hooked, e.g. clothes on nails on the wall’ (eng); ‘sangkut, mis. baju pada paku di dinding’ (ind)

*tadiko

‘gore’ (eng); ‘menanduk’ (ind)

*tagu

‘save’ (eng); ‘simpan’ (ind)

*take

‘go on, drive’ (eng); ‘naik, mengendarai’ (ind)

*taki

‘friend’ (eng); ‘teman’ (ind)

*tako

‘steal’ (eng); ‘curi’ (ind)

*takodu

‘climb (of mountains)’ (eng); ‘mendaki (tentang gunung)’ (ind)

*takulo

‘spear, e.g. towards animals’ (eng); ‘menombak, mis. terhadap binatang’ (ind)

*tala

‘wrong’ (eng); ‘salah’ (ind)

*tali

‘buy’ (eng); ‘beli’ (ind)

*tali

‘rope’ (eng); ‘tali’ (ind)

*talibu

‘pass, e.g. in front of the house’ (eng); ‘lewat, mis. di depan rumah’ (ind)

*talo

‘coward’ (eng); ‘penakut, pengecut’ (ind)

*talogu

‘house floor’ (eng); ‘lantai rumah’ (ind)

*talugu

‘water’ (eng); ‘air’ (ind)

*taluko

‘scoop, dip, e.g. water from the pool’ (eng); ‘sauk, ciduk, mis. air dari kolam’ (ind)

*taluo [taluwo]

‘advance, front, (face to face), eg the location of the house’ (eng); ‘muka, depan, (ber)hadapan, mis letak rumah’ (ind)

*tampala

‘brindle (of the colour of the fur on the cow's body)’ (eng); ‘belang-belang (tentang warna bulu pada badan sapi)’ (ind)

*tampaŋo

‘straddle (of the legs)’ (eng); ‘kangkang (tentang kaki)’ (ind)

*tampi

‘fight (of chickens or other animals)’ (eng); ‘berlaga (tentang ayam atau binatang lain)’ (ind)

*tampipiko

‘floundering, e.g. freshly caught fish’ (eng); ‘gelepar, mis. ikan yang baru saja ditangkap’ (ind)

*tanda

‘marks or blackness on the body that are present from birth’ (eng); ‘tanda atau kehitam-hitaman pada badan yang dibawa sejak lahir’ (ind)

*tandipo

‘insert, skid’ (eng); ‘sisip, selip’ (ind)

*taŋito

‘cry’ (eng); ‘tangis’ (ind)

*taŋo

‘branch’ (eng); ‘cabang’ (ind)

*tano

‘look from a (somewhat) high place, e.g. from the top of a mountain or the ridge of a house’ (eng); ‘melihat dari tempat yang (agak) tinggi, mis. dari atas puncak gunung atau bubungan rumah’ (ind)

*tapato

‘put, e.g. something on the table’ (eng); ‘meletakkan, mis. sesuatu benda di atas meja’ (ind)

*tapu

‘meat’ (eng); ‘daging’ (ind)

*tapu

‘weight or anchor (usually made of stone)’ (eng); ‘pembeban atau sauh (biasanya terbuat dari batu)’ (ind)

*tapulo

‘guess’ (eng); ‘terka’ (ind)

*taputo

‘shroud, wrap’ (eng); ‘kafan, bungkus’ (ind)

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