Usup (1986c): Proto-Gorontalo
Search entries
| Headword | IPA | Glosses | |
|---|---|---|---|
| *akuto | ‘transport’; ‘angkut’ | ||
| *ala | ‘take’; ‘ambil’ | ||
| *alibobagu | ‘rainbow’; ‘pelangi, benang raja’ | ||
| *amaʔ | ‘father’; ‘ayah’ | ||
| *ansaŋo | ‘gills (of fish)’; ‘insang (pada ikan)’ | ||
| *anudu | ‘drift’; ‘hanyut’ | ||
| *aYi | ‘younger brother’; ‘adik’ | ||
| *baa | ‘sneeze’; ‘bersin’ | ||
| *baba | ‘support’; ‘dukung’ | ||
| *baga | ‘shoulder’; ‘bahu’ | ||
| *bagaŋo | ‘lower jaw’; ‘rahang bawah’ | ||
| *bagaʔ | ‘swollen, swelling’; ‘bengkak, bengkakan’ | ||
| *bagu | ‘kind of vegetable’; ‘sejenis sayur’; ‘Gnetum gnemon’ | ||
| *bagu | ‘new’; ‘baru’ | ||
| *-ba(i) | ‘woman’; ‘perempuan’ | ||
| *bakidu | ‘meeting, deliberation’; ‘pertemuan, permusyawaratan’ | ||
| *bakulo | ‘snare’; ‘jerat’ | ||
| *bakuto | ‘wrap’; ‘bungkus’ | ||
| *bala | ‘house’; ‘rumah’ | ||
| *balaŋo | ‘sea’; ‘laut’ | ||
| *bali | ‘change’; ‘ganti’ | ||
| *baloa | ‘ko. anchovy’; ‘sej. ikan teri’ | ||
| *baloŋkaʔ | ‘ko. melon’; ‘sambiki’; ‘Lagenaria hispida’ | ||
| *baLundako | ‘cook rice in bamboo’; ‘nasi buluh, lemang’ | ||
| *banato | ‘lie down’; ‘berbaring’ | ||
| *baŋaŋo | ‘pant, find it hard to breathe’; ‘terengah-engah, sesak napas’ | ||
| *baŋke | ‘carcass’; ‘bangkai’ | ||
| *baŋoʔ | ‘coconut’; ‘kelapa’; ‘Cocos nucifera’ | ||
| *baŋu | ‘get up’; ‘bangun’ | ||
| *banodu | ‘numb, tingling’; ‘mati rasa, sesemutan’ | ||
| *bantoŋo | ‘forest cow, anoa’; ‘sapi hutan, anoa’; ‘Bubalus depressicornis’ | ||
| *basaʔ | ‘wet’; ‘basah’ | ||
| *basiʔ | ‘too, more than usual’; ‘terlalu, lebih dari biasanya’ | ||
| *basuŋo | ‘tube from the midrib of sago leaves’; ‘tabung dari pelepah daun sagu’ | ||
| *batako | ‘impolite, coarse’; ‘kurang ajar’ | ||
| *bataŋa | ‘body, self’; ‘badan, diri’ | ||
| *bataŋo | ‘stem (e.g. log)’; ‘batang (mis. batang kayu)’ | ||
| *batogu | ‘ko. white caterpillar the size of a thumb’; ‘sej. ulat berwarna putih sebesar ibu jari tangan’ | ||
| *batu | ‘rock’; ‘batu’ | ||
| *batuno | ‘go on’; ‘naik’ | ||
| *bembeʔ | ‘goat’; ‘kambing’ | ||
| *biagu | ‘life, maintain’; ‘hidup, pelihara’ | ||
| *biau | ‘candlenut’; ‘kemiri’; ‘Aleurites moluccana’ | ||
| *bibigu | ‘lips’; ‘bibir’ | ||
| *bibiko | ‘duck’; ‘itik’ | ||
| *bibito | ‘tote’; ‘jinjing’ | ||
| *bibiʔ | ‘ballast load’; ‘beban pemberat’ | ||
| *bigaʔ | ‘ko. taro’; ‘sej. talas’; ‘Alocasia’ | ||
| *biLito | ‘opening something by using your fingers, e.g. open closed eyelids’; ‘membuka sesuatu dengan menggunakan jari, mis. membuka kelopak mata yang tertutup’ | ||
| *bilogu | ‘see’; ‘lihat’ | ||
| *biŋkaʔ | ‘very small fish’; ‘anak ikan yang masih kecil sekali’ | ||
| *biniʔ | ‘rotten eggs’; ‘telur busuk’ | ||
| *bintanagu | ‘Indian laurel’; ‘pohon bintangar’; ‘Calophyllum inophyllum’ | ||
| *binte | ‘corn’; ‘jagung’; ‘Zea mays’ | ||
| *biodu | ‘fish egg’; ‘telur ikan’ | ||
| *bisulo | ‘boil’; ‘bisul’ | ||
| *bogaso | ‘rice’; ‘beras’ | ||
| *boge | ‘give’; ‘beri, memberi’ | ||
| *bola | ‘monkey’; ‘kera’ | ||
| *bolaŋitaŋ | ‘ko. wood’; ‘sej. kayu’; ‘Tetrameles nudiflora’ | ||
| *boLokuako | ‘ko. wading bird’; ‘sej. burung rawa’ | ||
| *bondu | ‘fragrant’; ‘harum’ | ||
| *botoko | ‘hard to breathe’; ‘sesak napas’ | ||
| *buato | ‘lift’; ‘angkat’ | ||
| *buaya | ‘crocodile’; ‘buaya’ | ||
| *bubagu | ‘hit (hard, e.g. hit the reed until it crumbles)’; ‘pukul (dengan keras, mis. memukul batang buluh sampai remuk)’ | ||
| *bubugu | ‘bruises (from being hit hard)’; ‘memar (akibat kena pukulan keras)’ | ||
| *bubuko | ‘weevil, ko. wood-eating termites’; ‘bubuk, sej. rayap pemakan kayu’ | ||
| *bubulo | ‘goosebumps (on the human body), fur (on the animal's body)’; ‘bulu roma (pada tubuh manusia), bulu (pada badan binatang)’ | ||
| *bubuŋo | ‘roof connection’; ‘hubungan atap rumah’ | ||
| *bubuso | ‘bulk, pour’; ‘curah, tuang’ | ||
| *bubuto | ‘unplug it’; ‘cabut’ | ||
| *bubuʔ | ‘hole’; ‘lubang’ | ||
| *bubuʔ | ‘mute’; ‘bisu’ | ||
| *budoʔ | ‘downy mildew, albino’; ‘bulai, albino’ | ||
| *bue | ‘mung beans’; ‘kacang hijau’ | ||
| *bugani | ‘brave’; ‘berani’ | ||
| *bugato | ‘heavy’; ‘berat’ | ||
| *buguso | ‘tie, bind several similar objects together’; ‘ikat, mengikat beberapa benda yang sama menjadi satu’ | ||
| *bui | ‘go home, return’; ‘pulang, kembali’ | ||
| *buiŋo | ‘charcoal (from wood or shells)’; ‘arang (dari kayu atau tempurung)’ | ||
| *bukadu | ‘untie, release’; ‘membuka ikatan, melepaskan’ | ||
| *bukaso | ‘open’; ‘buka’ | ||
| *bukidu | ‘mountain’; ‘gunung’ | ||
| *bukolo | ‘wave’; ‘ombak’ | ||
| *buku | ‘node (bamboo)’ | ||
| *bula | ‘month’; ‘bulan’ | ||
| *buladu | ‘mat’; ‘tikar’ | ||
| *buLako | ‘pistil, ovary’; ‘putik, bakal buah’ | ||
| *bulaŋaso | ‘rambutan’; ‘rambutan’; ‘Nephelium lappaceum’ | ||
| *bulato | ‘spur (on roosters)’; ‘taji (pada ayam jantan)’ | ||
| *bulawa | ‘gold’; ‘emas’ | ||
| *-buLaʔ | ‘boiling’; ‘mendidih’ | ||
| *bule | ‘husband and wife, marry’; ‘suami/istri, kawin’ | ||
| *buli | ‘free, gone’ | ||
| *buli | ‘price’; ‘harga’ | ||
| *bulia | ‘witch doctor’; ‘dukun’ | ||
| *buligu | ‘stretcher’; ‘usung’ | ||
| *buliuŋo | ‘ax’; ‘kapak’ | ||
| *buliʔ | ‘butt’; ‘pantat’ | ||
| *buLotoko | ‘little mosquito’; ‘nyamuk kecil’ | ||
| *bulotu | ‘boat’; ‘perahu’ | ||
| *buludu | ‘mountain’; ‘gunung’ | ||
| *buLuiso | ‘ko. marsh bird’; ‘burung weris, sej. burung rawa’ | ||
| *buLuko | ‘rotten, bad’; ‘busuk, buruk’ | ||
| *bulusu | ‘bracelet made of local skin’; ‘gelang dari kulit lokan’ | ||
| *buluʔ | ‘bamboo’; ‘bambu, buluh’ | ||
| *bumbaŋo | ‘disband, run’; ‘bubar, lari’ | ||
| *bunako | ‘dibble’; ‘menugal’ | ||
| *bundiso | ‘poetry’; ‘syair, bersyair’ | ||
| *bunduto | ‘rotten, musty’; ‘busuk, apak’ | ||
| *buŋalawa(ŋo) | ‘clove’; ‘cengkih’; ‘Eugenia aromatica’ | ||
| *buŋa(ŋo) | ‘flower’; ‘bunga’ | ||
| *buŋayo | ‘sand’; ‘pasir’ | ||
| *buŋaʔ | ‘tip (numeral classifier for objects that are round and elongated)’; ‘ujung (kata bantu bilangan untuk benda yang bulat memanjang)’ | ||
| *buŋi | ‘sand in the waterless part of the river’; ‘pasir di bagian sungai yang tak berair’ | ||
| *buŋkudu | ‘noni, tree whose bark is made into red paint to color batik cloth’; ‘mengkudu, bengkudu, pohon yang kulitnya dibuat cat merah untuk mewarnai kain batik’; ‘Morinda citrifolia’ | ||
| *buŋola | ‘ear’; ‘talinga’ | ||
| *buŋolo | ‘deaf’; ‘tuli’ | ||
| *buni | ‘hide’; ‘sembunyi’ | ||
| *buniaʔ | ‘eagle’; ‘burung elang’; ‘Haliastur indus intermedius, Spilornis cheela’ | ||
| *bunodu | ‘congested’; ‘padat’ | ||
| *bunto | ‘separated’; ‘putus’ | ||
| *buntu | ‘heap, pile’; ‘timbunan, onggokan’ | ||
| *bunuto | ‘husk (in coconuts)’; ‘sabut (pada buah kelapa)’ | ||
| *buoko | ‘hair’; ‘rambut’ | ||
| *buse | ‘paddle’; ‘dayung’ | ||
| *busioto | ‘calf’; ‘betis’ | ||
| *busugu | ‘full’; ‘kenyang’ | ||
| *butako | ‘broken’; ‘pecah’ | ||
| *butaʔ | ‘land’; ‘tanah’ | ||
| *butigu | ‘granules or small round objects’; ‘butiran atau benda kecil yang bulat’ | ||
| *butitiʔ | ‘ko. small sea fish with a big stomach’; ‘sej. ikan laut kecil yang perutnya besar’ | ||
| *butulo | ‘rope knot’; ‘simpul tali’ | ||
| *bututu | ‘cover for filling something (made of thick cloth)’; ‘sarung tempat mengisi sesuatu (terbuat dari kain tebal)’ | ||
| *butuʔ | ‘testicles’; ‘buah pelir’ | ||
| *(d,l)ondiso | ‘nine’; ‘sembilu’ | ||
| *dabuʔ | ‘fall’; ‘jatuh’ | ||
| *dagato | ‘sea water’; ‘air laut’ | ||
| *dagito | ‘kidnap, sambar, e.g. chicks by eagles’; ‘culik, sambar, mis. anak ayam oleh elang’ | ||
| *dagumo | ‘needle’; ‘jarum’ | ||
| *daiso | ‘finished’; ‘habis’ | ||
| *daito | ‘name’; ‘nama’ | ||
| *daki | ‘climb’; ‘daki’ | ||
| *dakito | ‘flame (of fire), spread (of fire from one place to another)’; ‘menyala (tentang api), menjalar (tentang api dari satu tempat ke tempat lain)’ | ||
| *daLagu | ‘yellow’; ‘kuning, berwarna kuning’ | ||
| *dalano | ‘road’; ‘jalan’ | ||
| *dalomo | ‘in’; ‘dalam’ | ||
| *damagu | ‘resin’; ‘damar’; ‘Dammara cerebica’ | ||
| *daŋato | ‘crash’; ‘tabrak’ | ||
| *dano | ‘lake’; ‘danau’ | ||
| *dantugu | ‘overlap’; ‘tindih’ | ||
| *dapato | ‘until, arrive’; ‘sampai, tiba’ | ||
| *dasogu | ‘load’; ‘muat, muatan’ | ||
| *datagu | ‘plain, level’ | ||
| *datu | ‘king’; ‘raja’ | ||
| *dauʔ | ‘ko. wood’; ‘sej. kayu’; ‘Dracontomelon macrocarpum’ | ||
| *didiʔ | ‘boil’; ‘mendidih’ | ||
| *dilato | ‘lick’; ‘jilat’ | ||
| *dilaʔ | ‘tongue’; ‘lidah’ | ||
| *dindiŋo | ‘wall’; ‘dinding’ | ||
| *diugu | ‘near’; ‘dekat’ | ||
| *doma | ‘also, as well’; ‘juga, demikian juga’ | ||
| *doYua | ‘two’; ‘dua’ | ||
| *duayo | ‘white stork’; ‘bangau putih’ | ||
| *dudapo | ‘tiger's claw, Indian coral tree’; ‘pohon dedap’; ‘Erythrina indica’ | ||
| *dudubu | ‘chest’; ‘dada’ | ||
| *duduko | ‘mash, e.g. pounding rice’; ‘tumbuk, mis. menumbuk padi’ | ||
| *dudupo | ‘early in the morning’; ‘pagi-pagi’ | ||
| *dugaŋo | ‘plus’; ‘tambah’ | ||
| *dugi | ‘thorns’; ‘duri’ | ||
| *duguʔ | ‘blood’; ‘darah’ | ||
| *dulako | ‘bow (of a boat)’; ‘haluan (pada perahu)’ | ||
| *dulaŋo | ‘tray’; ‘dulang’ | ||
| *duLaʔ | ‘saliva’; ‘ludah’ | ||
| *dulopo | ‘dive’; ‘selam, menyelam’ | ||
| *duLoto | ‘overlap, pierce’; ‘tindih, tindis’ | ||
| *duludu | ‘shinbone’; ‘tulang kering’ | ||
| *dumoko | ‘catch, e.g. catch chickens’; ‘tangkap, menangkap mis. menangkap ayam’ | ||
| *duŋaʔ | ‘nod (of the head)’; ‘angguk (tentang kepala)’ | ||
| *duŋogu | ‘hear’; ‘dengar’ | ||
| *dupaʔ | ‘forge, e.g. forge iron’; ‘tempa, mis. menempa besi’ | ||
| *dupiʔ | ‘board’; ‘papan’ | ||
| *dusuna | ‘river, part of the river where you bathe’; ‘sungai, bagian sungai tempat mandi’ | ||
| *gakit(o,a) | ‘raft’; ‘rakit’ | ||
| *gakuto | ‘tie’; ‘ikat’ | ||
| *galeʔ | ‘small prawns, baby shrimp’; ‘udang yang halus, anak udang’ | ||
| *galumo | ‘family’; ‘keluarga’ | ||
| *gamaʔ | ‘take’; ‘ambil’ | ||
| *gantaŋo | ‘bushel’; ‘gantang’ | ||
| *gapuso | ‘hug, embrace’; ‘peluk, rangkul’ | ||
| *gasuto | ‘hundred’; ‘ratus’ | ||
| *gau | ‘cigarette’; ‘rokok’ | ||
| *gia | ‘jealous’; ‘cemburu’ | ||
| *gie | ‘stick’; ‘lidi’ | ||
| *gigiso | ‘rub, clean’; ‘gosok, membersihkan’ | ||
| *giLudu | ‘pull, tug’; ‘tarik, hela’ | ||
| *gimukudu | ‘good spirits, spirit of a deceased person’; ‘roh yang baik, roh orang yang sudah meninggal’ | ||
| *gina(w)a | ‘like, want to’; ‘suka, mau’ | ||
| *gio | ‘noisy, commotion’; ‘ribut, keributan’ | ||
| *gisiŋa | ‘hair that grows between the ears and temples’; ‘rambut yang tumbuh di antara telinga dan pelipis’ | ||
| *gubii | ‘evening’; ‘malam’ | ||
| *gudumo | ‘brood’; ‘eram’ | ||
| *gugaYi | ‘rest’; ‘istirahat’ | ||
| *guguLo | ‘shake’; ‘goyang, guncang’ | ||
| *guguLo(no) | ‘hungry’; ‘lapar’ | ||
| *guLaŋo | ‘old’; ‘tua’ | ||
| *gulopako | ‘kicking sound’; ‘bunyi 'pak', mis. bunyi sepakan’ | ||
| *gulotupo | ‘explode, erupt’; ‘letup, letus’ | ||
| *guma | ‘speak, say’; ‘bilang, katakan’ | ||
| *gumaʔ | ‘machete sheath’; ‘sarung parang’ | ||
| *gumuko | ‘buzz’; ‘dengung, dengungan’ | ||
| *gunuguLo | ‘concussion (a resounding sound, e.g. thunder)’; ‘gegar (bunyi yang bergegar, mis. bunyi halilintar)’ | ||
| *guoso | ‘gum’; ‘gusi’ | ||
| *gupeso | ‘pinch’; ‘jepit’ | ||
| *gusiʔa(no) | ‘rattan whose stems are quite smooth’; ‘rotan yang batangnya agak halus’ | ||
| *gusuko | ‘rib’; ‘rusuk’ | ||
| *guYa-guYaŋo | ‘older brother’; ‘kakak’ | ||
| *guʔalo | ‘lever’; ‘tuas, pengungkit’ | ||
| *guʔodu | ‘still young, not yet cooked e.g. fruit’; ‘masih muda, belum masak mis. buah-buhahan’ | ||
| *iLoko | ‘armpit’; ‘ketiak’ | ||
| *inaʔ | ‘mother’; ‘ibu’ | ||
| *indeʔ | ‘mother’; ‘ibu’ | ||
| *iŋkagu | ‘dry’; ‘kering’ | ||
| *ipuso | ‘tail’; ‘ekor’ | ||
| *itomo | ‘black’; ‘hitam’ | ||
| *iYuŋo | ‘nose’; ‘hidung’ | ||
| *iYupo | ‘blow’; ‘tiup’ | ||
| *jaŋkalo | ‘inappropriate, not quite right’; ‘tidak pantas, kurang beres’ | ||
| *kaa | ‘eat’; ‘makan’ | ||
| *kabalo | ‘invulnerable (of the body)’; ‘kebal (tentang badan)’ | ||
| *kabauŋaʔ | ‘basket’; ‘bakul’ | ||
| *kabilaʔ | ‘container for betel vine and areca nut’; ‘cerana (tempat sirih dan pinang)’ | ||
| *kaiso | ‘cow, sweep’; ‘sapi, menyapu’ | ||
| *kaito | ‘hook’; ‘kait’ | ||
| *kali | ‘dig’; ‘gali’ | ||
| *kalibumbaŋo | ‘butterfly’; ‘kupu-kupu’ | ||
| *kaLito | ‘scratched, get scratched, e.g. body skin by nails’; ‘tergores, kena goresan, mis. kulit badan oleh paku’ | ||
| *kalo | ‘hornbill’; ‘burung taon’ | ||
| *kaLugu | ‘shave, e.g. shave hair, grate (measuring coconut)’; ‘cukur, mis. mencukur rambut, kukur (mengukur kelapa)’ | ||
| *kaLuto | ‘scratches, tear, e.g. clothes torn from being scratched by nails’; ‘goresan, robekan, mis. baju robek karena tergores paku’ | ||
| *kami | ‘we (excl)’; ‘kami’ | ||
| *kamu | ‘you’; ‘anda’ | ||
| *kapi(no,ŋo) | ‘more (in total e.g. one hundred more)’; ‘lebih (di dalam jumlah mis. seratus lebih)’ | ||
| *kaposo | ‘cotton thread (spun by yourself)’; ‘benang dari kapas (yang dipintal sendiri)’ | ||
| *kasaija | ‘blood red color, e.g. cloth’; ‘warna merah darah, mis. kain’ | ||
| *kasiʔ | ‘pity (interjection)’; ‘kasihan (kata seru)’ | ||
| *kaso | ‘rafters (on a house)’; ‘kasau (pada rumah)’ | ||
| *katigu | ‘outrigger, carrier (on a boat)’; ‘katir, penggandung (pada perahu)’ | ||
| *kayabu | ‘fan (body fan if the air is hot)’; ‘kipas (pengipas badan jika udara panas)’ | ||
| *kayu | ‘wood’; ‘kayu’ | ||
| *kekebu | ‘big wound that won't heal’; ‘luka besar yang tak kunjung sembuh’ | ||
| *kidito | ‘small, narrow’; ‘kecil, sempit’ | ||
| *kikilo | ‘bite’; ‘gigit’ | ||
| *kikiso | ‘scrape’; ‘kikis’ | ||
| *kilato | ‘lightning’; ‘kilat’ | ||
| *kiLe | ‘forehead’; ‘kening’ | ||
| *kiLito | ‘shout’; ‘teriak’ | ||
| *kiŋkimo | ‘hem, sew the edge of the shirt’; ‘kelim, menjahit bagian pinggir baju’ | ||
| *kintidu | ‘large veins on the heel’; ‘urat besar pada tumit’ | ||
| *kiputo | ‘small, tight, e.g. about the size of the clothes’; ‘kecil, sesak, mis. tentang ukuran baju’ | ||
| *kita | ‘we (incl)’; ‘kita’ | ||
| *kiYapo | ‘blink (of the eyes)’; ‘kedip (tentang mata)’ | ||
| *ko | ‘in, It is in, located in’; ‘di, ada di, berada di’ | ||
| *kogaŋo | ‘wounded skin that has hardened’; ‘kulit luka yang telah mengeras’ | ||
| *kokabu | ‘opening or flapping wings (of birds or chickens if they want to fly)’; ‘membuka atau mengepakkan sayap (tentang burung atau ayam jika akan terbang)’ | ||
| *kokapo | ‘touch, grope (in the dark)’; ‘raba, meraba (di dalam gelap)’ | ||
| *kokobu | ‘chew’; ‘kunyah’ | ||
| *kokodu | ‘hug, embrace’; ‘peluk, rangkul’ | ||
| *koLako | ‘phlegm (which comes out of the mouth when coughing)’; ‘dahak (yang keluar dari mulut ketika batuk)’ | ||
| *koloana | ‘right’; ‘kanan’ | ||
| *koloigi | ‘left’; ‘kiri’ | ||
| *koLoŋia | ‘(person) noble, (class) nobles’; ‘(orang) bangsawan, (golongan) ningrat’ | ||
| *koLoŋkamo | ‘chicken lice (white)’; ‘kutu ayam (berwarna putih)’ | ||
| *koloŋo | ‘large chunks, e.g. logs’; ‘potongan besar, mis. batang kayu’ | ||
| *koLoto | ‘hazy (versus clear, about water)’; ‘kabur (lawan jernih, tentang air)’ | ||
| *kolowagu | ‘turmeric’; ‘kunyit’; ‘Curcuma’ | ||
| *koLuntuŋo | ‘dandruff, dirt on the scalp’; ‘ketombe, kotoran di kulit kepala’ | ||
| *koLuto | ‘pinch’; ‘cubit’ | ||
| *komaligu | ‘palace’; ‘istana’ | ||
| *kombile | ‘ko. mango’; ‘sej. mangga’; ‘Mangifera indica’ | ||
| *komboso | ‘ko. guava’; ‘sej. jambu’; ‘Eugenia’ | ||
| *kompito | ‘sticky’; ‘lekat, lengket’ | ||
| *kompoŋo | ‘stomach (food bag)’; ‘perut (kantong makanan)’ | ||
| *koŋkaLuga | ‘coconut shavings’; ‘kukuran kelapa’ | ||
| *konuku | ‘nail’; ‘kuku’ | ||
| *kosili | ‘bullock fish’; ‘ikan bulit’ | ||
| *kosiŋo | ‘laugh’; ‘tertawa’ | ||
| *koyaŋkaʔ | ‘dry coconut leaves’; ‘daun kelapa yang kering’ | ||
| *koYo | ‘message’; ‘pesan’ | ||
| *kuaako | ‘shout’; ‘teriak’ | ||
| *kudepeŋo | ‘crocodile’; ‘buaya’ | ||
| *kukubu | ‘closed’; ‘tutup’ | ||
| *kukudu | ‘scratch’; ‘garuk’ | ||
| *kukula | ‘device for making announcements to the public, made from a piece of bamboo that is hollowed out lengthwise and beaten with a piece of wood’; ‘tetengkoran (alat pemanggil khalayak terbuat dari seruas bambu yang dilubangi membujur dan dipukul dengan sepotong kayu)’ | ||
| *kukupo | ‘surrounded (human body swamped by ants), wrapped’; ‘dikerumuni (badan manusia oleh semut), dibungkus’ | ||
| *kulau(gu) | ‘mix, mix up’; ‘campur, campur baur’ | ||
| *kulito | ‘skin’; ‘kulit’ | ||
| *kulugu | ‘shave or crop (of hair)’; ‘cukur atau menggunduli (tentang rambut)’ | ||
| *kumonsi | ‘breadfruit’; ‘sukun’; ‘Artocarpus sp.’ | ||
| *kuŋkumo | ‘curved, bent’; ‘lengkung, bengkok’ | ||
| *kunsiʔ | ‘key’; ‘kunci’ | ||
| *kuono | ‘so and so, something’; ‘anu, sesuatu’ | ||
| *kupa | ‘ko. guava’; ‘sej. jambu’; ‘Eugenia malaccensis’ | ||
| *kupi | ‘fold’; ‘lipat’ | ||
| *kuse | ‘cuscus’; ‘kuskus’; ‘Phalangista ursina’ | ||
| *kutu | ‘flea’; ‘kutu’ | ||
| *kuYaŋa | ‘hibiscus’; ‘kembang sepatu’; ‘Hibiscus rosa-sinensis’ | ||
| *kuYo(ŋo) | ‘pot’; ‘belanga’ | ||
| *Labuto | ‘unplug, snatch’; ‘cabut, renggut’ | ||
| *lagaʔ | ‘big red ant’; ‘semut besar berwarna merah’ | ||
| *lagi | ‘run, run away’; ‘lari, minggat’ | ||
| *lai - - | ‘bunch (of coconuts)’; ‘tandan (tentang buah kelapa)’ | ||
| *laigu | ‘dangau’; ‘dangau’ | ||
| *lako | ‘go, walk’; ‘pergi, berjalan’ | ||
| *Lakupo | ‘catch, handheld’; ‘tangkap, genggam’ | ||
| *lamagu | ‘smooth and shiny’; ‘licin dan berkilat’ | ||
| *lambuŋo | ‘dress’; ‘baju’ | ||
| *lamemeto | ‘fast, deft’; ‘cepat, cekatan’ | ||
| *lampaŋo | ‘long steps’; ‘langkah yang panjang’ | ||
| *lana | ‘coconut oil’; ‘minyak kelapa’ | ||
| *Lanato | ‘spicy (of chili peppers)’; ‘pedas (tentang lombok)’ | ||
| *Laŋa | ‘branching, e.g. about deer antlers’; ‘bercabang, mis. tentang tanduk rusa’ | ||
| *laŋito | ‘sky’; ‘langit’ | ||
| *Laŋkaŋo | ‘tip of a bamboo tree with branches’; ‘ujung pohon bambu yang beranting’ | ||
| *laŋkapa | ‘termite’; ‘ani-ani’ | ||
| *Laŋkiso | ‘cut, e.g. rope’; ‘potong, mis. tali’ | ||
| *Laŋkumo | ‘handheld’; ‘genggam’ | ||
| *laŋo | ‘drunk’; ‘mabuk’ | ||
| *laŋo | ‘fly’; ‘lalat’ | ||
| *lanito | ‘sharp’; ‘tajam’ | ||
| *lansato | ‘langsat’; ‘langsat’; ‘Lansium domesticum’ | ||
| *lansiko | ‘jump’; ‘lompat’ | ||
| *lantako | ‘float’; ‘terapung’ | ||
| *Lante | ‘chain’; ‘rantai’ | ||
| *lantuŋo | ‘pet confinement’; ‘kurungan binatang peliharaan’ | ||
| *lapaso | ‘finished’; ‘selesai, rampung’ | ||
| *lapaʔ | ‘short machete’; ‘parang pendek’ | ||
| *Latabu | ‘cut, crop, e.g. grass or trees’; ‘potong, pangkas, mis. rumput atau pohon’ | ||
| *Lataʔ | ‘slaughter’; ‘sembelih’ | ||
| *la(w)ato | ‘rare’; ‘jarang’ | ||
| *layagu | ‘sail’; ‘layar’ | ||
| *layaŋo | ‘throw away’; ‘buang’ | ||
| *layugu | ‘tall, fly’; ‘tinggi, melayang’ | ||
| *Layuʔ | ‘far’; ‘jauh’ | ||
| *leadu | ‘straighten teeth’; ‘memepat atau meratakan gigi’ | ||
| *libano | ‘wash hands’; ‘mencuci tangan’ | ||
| *Libatuko | ‘run’; ‘lari’ | ||
| *Libu | ‘thousand’; ‘ribu’ | ||
| *libudu | ‘winding, circumference’; ‘lilit, lingkar’ | ||
| *libuguʔ | ‘umbrella mushroom’; ‘cendawan payung’ | ||
| *Libuto | ‘hurricane’; ‘angin topan’ | ||
| *libuto(no) | ‘island’; ‘pulau’ | ||
| *ligaona | ‘fishing rod’; ‘tangkai pancing’ | ||
| *ligiso | ‘crazy’; ‘gilas’ | ||
| *lika | ‘bedbug’; ‘kutu busuk’ | ||
| *Likuto | ‘grass’; ‘rumput’ | ||
| *lilidu | ‘roll’; ‘guling’ | ||
| *lima | ‘five, hand’; ‘lima, tangan’ | ||
| *limaŋo | ‘big crab’; ‘kepiting besar’ | ||
| *limaso | ‘pyramid, sauk (of water)’; ‘limas, sauk (tentang air)’ | ||
| *limbuŋo | ‘round’; ‘bulat, bundar’ | ||
| *limodu | ‘silent murder (in a quiet place)’; ‘pembunuhan secara diam-diam (di tempat yang sunyi)’ | ||
| *limpudoŋo | ‘imitate the round one’; ‘nyiru yang bundar’ | ||
| *limu | ‘orange, lime’; ‘jeruk, limau’; ‘Citrus sp.’ | ||
| *limumugu | ‘gargle’; ‘kumur’ | ||
| *Linagu | ‘shiny clean’; ‘bersih mengilap’ | ||
| *liŋaŋaso | ‘hot (of the body when sweating)’; ‘panas (tentang badan ketika berkeringat)’ | ||
| *liŋkagu | ‘fast (of how to walk)’; ‘cepat (tentang cara berjalan)’ | ||
| *liŋkiso | ‘bracelet’; ‘gelang’ | ||
| *liŋkopo | ‘closed’; ‘tutup’ | ||
| *lino | ‘pool (deep part of the river)’; ‘lubuk (bagian sungai yang dalam)’ | ||
| *lintaʔ | ‘leech’; ‘lintah’ | ||
| *Lintoko | ‘small’; ‘kecil’ | ||
| *linugu | ‘earthquake’; ‘gempa bumi’ | ||
| *liodu | ‘footstep’; ‘jejak’ | ||
| *lioŋo | ‘forget’; ‘lupa’ | ||
| *lipato | ‘forget’; ‘lupa’ | ||
| *lipuʔ | ‘country, village’; ‘negeri, kampung’ | ||
| *lisaʔ | ‘lice eggs’; ‘telur kutu’ | ||
| *litodu | ‘twisted (of rope)’; ‘pilin (tentang tali)’ | ||
| *lobuko | ‘sit down’; ‘duduk’ | ||
| *lobuŋo | ‘plant, bury’; ‘tanam, kubur’ | ||
| *Logaŋo | ‘thirsty, dry’; ‘haus, kering’ | ||
| *Logi | ‘angry’; ‘marah’ | ||
| *loguto | ‘bone’; ‘ketulangan’ | ||
| *lokadu | ‘raised, out of place’; ‘terangkat, keluar dari tempatnya’ | ||
| *lokato | ‘peel, release from attachment’; ‘mengupas, melepaskan dari lekatan’ | ||
| *lolaki | ‘man’; ‘laki-laki’ | ||
| *loleŋkela | ‘kettle’; ‘cerek’ | ||
| *lolosobo | ‘crown’; ‘ubun-ubun’ | ||
| *lomoso | ‘drown to death’; ‘mati tenggelam’ | ||
| *lompiaso | ‘starfruit’; ‘belimbing’; ‘Averrhoa blimbi, Averrhoa carambola’ | ||
| *Londogu | ‘slip, e.g. because the road is slippery’; ‘terpeleset, mis. karena jalan yang licin’ | ||
| *loŋa | ‘ko. banana’; ‘sej. pisang (pisang tanduk)’ | ||
| *Loŋito | ‘mosquito’; ‘nyamuk’ | ||
| *loŋkabu | ‘large cuts or incisions’; ‘potongan atau sayatan besar’ | ||
| *LoŋkoLo | ‘slit, slaughter’; ‘gorok, sembelih’ | ||
| *loŋuŋu | ‘nape’; ‘tengkuk’ | ||
| *Lopito | ‘snatch from top to bottom, e.g. corn from the tree or twigs from its branches’; ‘merenggut dari atas ke bawah, mis. buah jagung dari pohonnya atau ranting dari cabangnya’ | ||
| *Lopoto | ‘strong (of power)’; ‘kuat (tentang tenaga)’ | ||
| *Lopuʔ | ‘die silly, dead’; ‘mati konyol, mampus’ | ||
| *losiŋo | ‘vinegar, sour’; ‘cuka, asam’ | ||
| *losuŋo | ‘mortar’; ‘lesung’ | ||
| *losuto | ‘hollow, holes (especially the bottom/butt)’; ‘bolong, berlubang (terutama bagian bawah/pantat)’ | ||
| *loto | ‘basket’; ‘bakul’ | ||
| *Loto(no) | ‘tense, strong’; ‘tegang, kuat’ | ||
| *luagu | ‘loose, e.g. clothes size’; ‘longgar, mis. ukuran baju’ | ||
| *lua(n)ti | ‘worm’; ‘cacing’ | ||
| *lubidu | ‘twisted (of rope)’; ‘pilin (tentang tali)’ | ||
| *Luduso | ‘fall, luruh (of fruit or duan)’; ‘gugur, luruh (tentang buah atau duan)’ | ||
| *Lugaʔ | ‘destroyed, very soft, e.g. because it was submerged for a long time’; ‘hancur, lembek sekali, mis. karena terendam lama’ | ||
| *luguso | ‘betel nut’; ‘pinang’; ‘Areca catecha’ | ||
| *Luguto | ‘heavy (of rain)’; ‘deras (tentang hujan)’ | ||
| *Luito | ‘pointed’; ‘runcing’ | ||
| *lukadu | ‘keep, guard’; ‘jaga, menjaga’ | ||
| *LuLagu | ‘pull down fruits repeatedly (roughly)’; ‘jolok berulang-ulang (dengan kasar)’ | ||
| *luli | ‘healed’; ‘sembuh’ | ||
| *LuLuko | ‘bastard (cuss word for men)’; ‘bangsat (kata makian untuk laki-laki)’ | ||
| *luluto | ‘cook using bamboo strips as a container’; ‘memasak dengan menggunakan seruas bambu sebagai wadahnya’ | ||
| *Lumboŋo | ‘deep and round, e.g. plate’; ‘dalam dan bulat, mis. piring’ | ||
| *lumbuʔ | ‘throw away’; ‘buang’ | ||
| *Lumogu | ‘broken, destroyed, e.g. glass or plate’; ‘pecah, hancur, mis. gelas atau piring’ | ||
| *lumontiko | ‘large black ants’; ‘semut hitam yang besar badannya’ | ||
| *lumpiŋo | ‘weak, sluggish’; ‘lemah, lesu’ | ||
| *lumuto | ‘moss’; ‘lumut’; ‘Musci, Najas celebica’ | ||
| *luno | ‘green’; ‘hijau’ | ||
| *lupugu | ‘lazy, weak’; ‘malas, lemah’ | ||
| *lutamo | ‘shoot’; ‘tembak’ | ||
| *luto | ‘fire’; ‘api’ | ||
| *lutuʔ | ‘cook’; ‘masak’ | ||
| *maiʔ | ‘let, here’; ‘mari, ke mari’ | ||
| *mamaa | ‘areca nut’; ‘pinang’; ‘Areca catechu)’ | ||
| *mamaʔ | ‘betel’; ‘sirih’ | ||
| *maŋkubiʔ | ‘demon’; ‘setan’ | ||
| *manuko | ‘chicken’; ‘ayam’ | ||
| *mata | ‘eye’; ‘mata’ | ||
| *mate | ‘dead’; ‘mati’ | ||
| *minaŋa | ‘river’; ‘sungai’ | ||
| *mo(b)aliʔ | ‘can’; ‘boleh’ | ||
| *monagu | ‘down’; ‘turun’ | ||
| *moŋodeaga | ‘girl, virgin’; ‘gadis, dara’ | ||
| *moŋonu | ‘why’; ‘mengapa’ | ||
| *mula | ‘plant’; ‘tanam’ | ||
| *(m)una | ‘at first’; ‘mula-mula’ | ||
| *munsoŋo | ‘snot, dirt nose’; ‘ingus, kotoran hidung’ | ||
| *nambugu | ‘dew (which sticks to the grass)’; ‘embun (yang melekat di rerumputan)’ | ||
| *nanamo | ‘taste of food’; ‘rasa makanan’ | ||
| *naŋga | ‘jackfruit’; ‘nangka’; ‘Artocarpus integrifolia’ | ||
| *naŋi | ‘swim’; ‘berenang’ | ||
| *natu | ‘egg’; ‘telur’ | ||
| *ŋaŋa | ‘mouth’; ‘mulut’ | ||
| *ŋantiŋanti(ŋo) | ‘earrings’; ‘anting-anting’ | ||
| *ŋipo | ‘tooth’; ‘gigi’ | ||
| *ŋisi | ‘open and shows teeth’; ‘membuka mulut seraya menampakkan gigi’ | ||
| *ŋoŋoto | ‘pain’; ‘kesakitan’ | ||
| *nigu | ‘ko. winnowing tray’; ‘nyiru’ | ||
| *nilu | ‘hurt’; ‘ngilu’ | ||
| *niniso | ‘rub’; ‘gosok’ | ||
| *nipaʔ | ‘ko. palm’; ‘nipah’; ‘Nipa fructicans’ | ||
| *noŋko | ‘from, came from’; ‘dari, berasal dari’ | ||
| *noŋonu | ‘why’; ‘mengapa’ | ||
| *nunuko | ‘banyan tree’; ‘pohon beringin’; ‘Ficus benjamina’ | ||
| *oladu | ‘split’; ‘terbelah’ | ||
| *oLaʔ | ‘embarrassed’; ‘malu’ | ||
| *onduko | ‘afraid’; ‘takut’ | ||
| *ono | ‘cold’; ‘dingin’ | ||
| *oyodu | ‘press’; ‘tekan’ | ||
| *paa | ‘bait’; ‘umpan’ | ||
| *padaŋo | ‘kunai grass’; ‘alang-alang’; ‘Imperata arundinacea’ | ||
| *pagi | ‘stingray’; ‘ikan pari’ | ||
| *paito | ‘bitter’; ‘pahit’ | ||
| *pajanaŋa | ‘antique copper lamp’; ‘lampu antik dari tembaga’ | ||
| *(pa)joŋkeʔ | ‘ko. traditional dances’; ‘sej. tarian tradisional’ | ||
| *paki(a) | ‘top’; ‘gasing’ | ||
| *pakuʔ | ‘fern’; ‘sayur paku’; ‘Asplenium esculentum’ | ||
| *paladu | ‘footprint (hand or foot)’; ‘tapak (tangan atau kaki)’ | ||
| *pale | ‘rice’; ‘padi’; ‘Oriza sativa’ | ||
| *palempaŋo | ‘midrib, e.g. coconut leaf midrib’; ‘pelepah, mis. pelepah daun kelapa’ | ||
| *paliaʔ | ‘bitter gourd’; ‘paria’; ‘Momordica charantia’ | ||
| *palito | ‘around, surround’; ‘keliling, mengelilingi’ | ||
| *paliʔ | ‘wound’; ‘luka’ | ||
| *paluto | ‘finished’; ‘selesai, rampung’ | ||
| *pampiŋo | ‘move’; ‘pindah’ | ||
| *panaso | ‘sick’; ‘sakit’ | ||
| *panaʔ | ‘arrow’; ‘panah’ | ||
| *pandiŋo | ‘water jug’; ‘tempayan’ | ||
| *paŋi | ‘pangi tree, the leaves are edible’; ‘pohon pangi, daunnya dapat dimakan’; ‘Pangium edule’ | ||
| *paŋimpaʔ | ‘embankment (in rice fields)’; ‘pematang (di sawah)’ | ||
| *paŋka | ‘stalk, e.g. flower stalk’; ‘tangkai, mis. tangkai bunga’ | ||
| *paŋkulo | ‘o'clock, wrought’; ‘pukul, tempa’ | ||
| *pasato | ‘bright, clear (of sight)’; ‘terang, jelas (tentang penglihatan)’ | ||
| *pasigu | ‘coral (in the middle of the sea)’; ‘karang (di tengah laut)’ | ||
| *pasoko | ‘stake (fence post)’; ‘pancang (tiang pagar)’ | ||
| *pasuʔ | ‘hot’; ‘panas’ | ||
| *pataʔ | ‘sheet’; ‘lembar, helai’ | ||
| *pate | ‘kill’; ‘bunuh’ | ||
| *patuju | ‘objective, meaning’; ‘tujuan, maksud’ | ||
| *pa(w)a | ‘thigh’; ‘paha’ | ||
| *peŋko(lo) | ‘club (of the foot)’; ‘pengkor (tentang kaki)’ |