OUTOFPAPUA database: Lexicons of the West Papuan language area

Usup (1986c): Proto-Gorontalo

Original citation: Usup, Hunggu Tadjuddin. 1986. Rekonstruksi proto-bahasa Gorontalo-Mongondow. PhD thesis, Universitas Indonesia.

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Total entries: 857
Headword IPA Glosses
*akuto

‘transport’; ‘angkut’

*ala

‘take’; ‘ambil’

*alibobagu

‘rainbow’; ‘pelangi, benang raja’

*amaʔ

‘father’; ‘ayah’

*ansaŋo

‘gills (of fish)’; ‘insang (pada ikan)’

*anudu

‘drift’; ‘hanyut’

*aYi

‘younger brother’; ‘adik’

*baa

‘sneeze’; ‘bersin’

*baba

‘support’; ‘dukung’

*baga

‘shoulder’; ‘bahu’

*bagaŋo

‘lower jaw’; ‘rahang bawah’

*bagaʔ

‘swollen, swelling’; ‘bengkak, bengkakan’

*bagu

‘kind of vegetable’; ‘sejenis sayur’; ‘Gnetum gnemon’

*bagu

‘new’; ‘baru’

*-ba(i)

‘woman’; ‘perempuan’

*bakidu

‘meeting, deliberation’; ‘pertemuan, permusyawaratan’

*bakulo

‘snare’; ‘jerat’

*bakuto

‘wrap’; ‘bungkus’

*bala

‘house’; ‘rumah’

*balaŋo

‘sea’; ‘laut’

*bali

‘change’; ‘ganti’

*baloa

‘ko. anchovy’; ‘sej. ikan teri’

*baloŋkaʔ

‘ko. melon’; ‘sambiki’; ‘Lagenaria hispida’

*baLundako

‘cook rice in bamboo’; ‘nasi buluh, lemang’

*banato

‘lie down’; ‘berbaring’

*baŋaŋo

‘pant, find it hard to breathe’; ‘terengah-engah, sesak napas’

*baŋke

‘carcass’; ‘bangkai’

*baŋoʔ

‘coconut’; ‘kelapa’; ‘Cocos nucifera’

*baŋu

‘get up’; ‘bangun’

*banodu

‘numb, tingling’; ‘mati rasa, sesemutan’

*bantoŋo

‘forest cow, anoa’; ‘sapi hutan, anoa’; ‘Bubalus depressicornis’

*basaʔ

‘wet’; ‘basah’

*basiʔ

‘too, more than usual’; ‘terlalu, lebih dari biasanya’

*basuŋo

‘tube from the midrib of sago leaves’; ‘tabung dari pelepah daun sagu’

*batako

‘impolite, coarse’; ‘kurang ajar’

*bataŋa

‘body, self’; ‘badan, diri’

*bataŋo

‘stem (e.g. log)’; ‘batang (mis. batang kayu)’

*batogu

‘ko. white caterpillar the size of a thumb’; ‘sej. ulat berwarna putih sebesar ibu jari tangan’

*batu

‘rock’; ‘batu’

*batuno

‘go on’; ‘naik’

*bembeʔ

‘goat’; ‘kambing’

*biagu

‘life, maintain’; ‘hidup, pelihara’

*biau

‘candlenut’; ‘kemiri’; ‘Aleurites moluccana’

*bibigu

‘lips’; ‘bibir’

*bibiko

‘duck’; ‘itik’

*bibito

‘tote’; ‘jinjing’

*bibiʔ

‘ballast load’; ‘beban pemberat’

*bigaʔ

‘ko. taro’; ‘sej. talas’; ‘Alocasia’

*biLito

‘opening something by using your fingers, e.g. open closed eyelids’; ‘membuka sesuatu dengan menggunakan jari, mis. membuka kelopak mata yang tertutup’

*bilogu

‘see’; ‘lihat’

*biŋkaʔ

‘very small fish’; ‘anak ikan yang masih kecil sekali’

*biniʔ

‘rotten eggs’; ‘telur busuk’

*bintanagu

‘Indian laurel’; ‘pohon bintangar’; ‘Calophyllum inophyllum’

*binte

‘corn’; ‘jagung’; ‘Zea mays’

*biodu

‘fish egg’; ‘telur ikan’

*bisulo

‘boil’; ‘bisul’

*bogaso

‘rice’; ‘beras’

*boge

‘give’; ‘beri, memberi’

*bola

‘monkey’; ‘kera’

*bolaŋitaŋ

‘ko. wood’; ‘sej. kayu’; ‘Tetrameles nudiflora’

*boLokuako

‘ko. wading bird’; ‘sej. burung rawa’

*bondu

‘fragrant’; ‘harum’

*botoko

‘hard to breathe’; ‘sesak napas’

*buato

‘lift’; ‘angkat’

*buaya

‘crocodile’; ‘buaya’

*bubagu

‘hit (hard, e.g. hit the reed until it crumbles)’; ‘pukul (dengan keras, mis. memukul batang buluh sampai remuk)’

*bubugu

‘bruises (from being hit hard)’; ‘memar (akibat kena pukulan keras)’

*bubuko

‘powder, ko. wood-eating termites’; ‘bubuk, sej. rayap pemakan kayu’

*bubulo

‘goosebumps (on the human body), fur (on the animal's body)’; ‘bulu roma (pada tubuh manusia), bulu (pada badan binatang)’

*bubuŋo

‘roof connection’; ‘hubungan atap rumah’

*bubuso

‘bulk, pour’; ‘curah, tuang’

*bubuto

‘unplug it’; ‘cabut’

*bubuʔ

‘hole’; ‘lubang’

*bubuʔ

‘mute’; ‘bisu’

*budoʔ

‘downy mildew, albino’; ‘bulai, albino’

*bue

‘mung beans’; ‘kacang hijau’

*bugani

‘brave’; ‘berani’

*bugato

‘heavy’; ‘berat’

*buguso

‘tie, bind several similar objects together’; ‘ikat, mengikat beberapa benda yang sama menjadi satu’

*bui

‘go home, return’; ‘pulang, kembali’

*buiŋo

‘charcoal (from wood or shells)’; ‘arang (dari kayu atau tempurung)’

*bukadu

‘untie, release’; ‘membuka ikatan, melepaskan’

*bukaso

‘open’; ‘buka’

*bukidu

‘mountain’; ‘gunung’

*bukolo

‘wave’; ‘ombak’

*buku

‘node (bamboo)’

*bula

‘month’; ‘bulan’

*buladu

‘mat’; ‘tikar’

*buLako

‘pistil, ovary’; ‘putik, bakal buah’

*bulaŋaso

‘rambutan’; ‘rambutan’; ‘Nephelium lappaceum’

*bulato

‘spur (on roosters)’; ‘taji (pada ayam jantan)’

*bulawa

‘gold’; ‘emas’

*-buLaʔ

‘boiling’; ‘mendidih’

*bule

‘husband and wife, marry’; ‘suami/istri, kawin’

*buli

‘free, gone’

*buli

‘price’; ‘harga’

*bulia

‘witch doctor’; ‘dukun’

*buligu

‘stretcher’; ‘usung’

*buliuŋo

‘ax’; ‘kapak’

*buliʔ

‘butt’; ‘pantat’

*buLotoko

‘little mosquito’; ‘nyamuk kecil’

*bulotu

‘boat’; ‘perahu’

*buludu

‘mountain’; ‘gunung’

*buLuiso

‘ko. marsh bird’; ‘burung weris, sej. burung rawa’

*buLuko

‘rotten, bad’; ‘busuk, buruk’

*bulusu

‘bracelet made of local skin’; ‘gelang dari kulit lokan’

*buluʔ

‘bamboo’; ‘bambu, buluh’

*bumbaŋo

‘disband, run’; ‘bubar, lari’

*bunako

‘dibble’; ‘menugal’

*bundiso

‘poetry’; ‘syair, bersyair’

*bunduto

‘rotten, musty’; ‘busuk, apak’

*buŋalawa(ŋo)

‘clove’; ‘cengkih’; ‘Eugenia aromatica’

*buŋa(ŋo)

‘flower’; ‘bunga’

*buŋayo

‘sand’; ‘pasir’

*buŋaʔ

‘tip (numeral classifier for objects that are round and elongated)’; ‘ujung (kata bantu bilangan untuk benda yang bulat memanjang)’

*buŋi

‘sand in the waterless part of the river’; ‘pasir di bagian sungai yang tak berair’

*buŋkudu

‘noni, tree whose bark is made into red paint to color batik cloth’; ‘mengkudu, bengkudu, pohon yang kulitnya dibuat cat merah untuk mewarnai kain batik’; ‘Morinda citrifolia’

*buŋola

‘ear’; ‘talinga’

*buŋolo

‘deaf’; ‘tuli’

*buni

‘hide’; ‘sembunyi’

*buniaʔ

‘eagle’; ‘burung elang’; ‘Haliastur indus intermedius, Spilornis cheela’

*bunodu

‘congested’; ‘padat’

*bunto

‘separated’; ‘putus’

*buntu

‘heap, pile’; ‘timbunan, onggokan’

*bunuto

‘husk (in coconuts)’; ‘sabut (pada buah kelapa)’

*buoko

‘hair’; ‘rambut’

*buse

‘paddle’; ‘dayung’

*busioto

‘calf’; ‘betis’

*busugu

‘full’; ‘kenyang’

*butako

‘broken’; ‘pecah’

*butaʔ

‘land’; ‘tanah’

*butigu

‘granules or small round objects’; ‘butiran atau benda kecil yang bulat’

*butitiʔ

‘ko. small sea fish with a big stomach’; ‘sej. ikan laut kecil yang perutnya besar’

*butulo

‘rope knot’; ‘simpul tali’

*bututu

‘cover for filling something (made of thick cloth)’; ‘sarung tempat mengisi sesuatu (terbuat dari kain tebal)’

*butuʔ

‘testicles’; ‘buah pelir’

*(d,l)ondiso

‘nine’; ‘sembilu’

*dabuʔ

‘fall’; ‘jatuh’

*dagato

‘sea ​​water’; ‘air laut’

*dagito

‘kidnap, sambar, e.g. chicks by eagles’; ‘culik, sambar, mis. anak ayam oleh elang’

*dagumo

‘needle’; ‘jarum’

*daiso

‘finished’; ‘habis’

*daito

‘name’; ‘nama’

*daki

‘climb’; ‘daki’

*dakito

‘flame (of fire), spread (of fire from one place to another)’; ‘menyala (tentang api), menjalar (tentang api dari satu tempat ke tempat lain)’

*daLagu

‘yellow’; ‘kuning, berwarna kuning’

*dalano

‘road’; ‘jalan’

*dalomo

‘in’; ‘dalam’

*damagu

‘resin’; ‘damar’; ‘Dammara cerebica’

*daŋato

‘crash’; ‘tabrak’

*dano

‘lake’; ‘danau’

*dantugu

‘overlap’; ‘tindih’

*dapato

‘until, arrive’; ‘sampai, tiba’

*dasogu

‘load’; ‘muat, muatan’

*datagu

‘plain, level’

*datu

‘king’; ‘raja’

*dauʔ

‘ko. wood’; ‘sej. kayu’; ‘Dracontomelon macrocarpum’

*didiʔ

‘boil’; ‘mendidih’

*dilato

‘lick’; ‘jilat’

*dilaʔ

‘tongue’; ‘lidah’

*dindiŋo

‘wall’; ‘dinding’

*diugu

‘near’; ‘dekat’

*doma

‘also, as well’; ‘juga, demikian juga’

*doYua

‘two’; ‘dua’

*duayo

‘white stork’; ‘bangau putih’

*dudapo

‘tiger's claw, Indian coral tree’; ‘pohon dedap’; ‘Erythrina indica’

*dudubu

‘chest’; ‘dada’

*duduko

‘mash, e.g. pounding rice’; ‘tumbuk, mis. menumbuk padi’

*dudupo

‘early in the morning’; ‘pagi-pagi’

*dugaŋo

‘plus’; ‘tambah’

*dugi

‘thorns’; ‘duri’

*duguʔ

‘blood’; ‘darah’

*dulako

‘bow (of a boat)’; ‘haluan (pada perahu)’

*dulaŋo

‘tray’; ‘dulang’

*duLaʔ

‘saliva’; ‘ludah’

*dulopo

‘dive’; ‘selam, menyelam’

*duLoto

‘overlap, pierce’; ‘tindih, tindis’

*duludu

‘shinbone’; ‘tulang kering’

*dumoko

‘catch, e.g. catch chickens’; ‘tangkap, menangkap mis. menangkap ayam’

*duŋaʔ

‘nod (of the head)’; ‘angguk (tentang kepala)’

*duŋogu

‘hear’; ‘dengar’

*dupaʔ

‘forge, e.g. forge iron’; ‘tempa, mis. menempa besi’

*dupiʔ

‘board’; ‘papan’

*dusuna

‘river, part of the river where you bathe’; ‘sungai, bagian sungai tempat mandi’

*gakit(o,a)

‘raft’; ‘rakit’

*gakuto

‘tie’; ‘ikat’

*galeʔ

‘small prawns, baby shrimp’; ‘udang yang halus, anak udang’

*galumo

‘family’; ‘keluarga’

*gamaʔ

‘take’; ‘ambil’

*gantaŋo

‘bushel’; ‘gantang’

*gapuso

‘hug, embrace’; ‘peluk, rangkul’

*gasuto

‘hundred’; ‘ratus’

*gau

‘cigarette’; ‘rokok’

*gia

‘jealous’; ‘cemburu’

*gie

‘stick’; ‘lidi’

*gigiso

‘rub, clean’; ‘gosok, membersihkan’

*giLudu

‘pull, tug’; ‘tarik, hela’

*gimukudu

‘good spirits, spirit of a deceased person’; ‘roh yang baik, roh orang yang sudah meninggal’

*gina(w)a

‘like, want to’; ‘suka, mau’

*gio

‘noisy, commotion’; ‘ribut, keributan’

*gisiŋa

‘hair that grows between the ears and temples’; ‘rambut yang tumbuh di antara telinga dan pelipis’

*gubii

‘evening’; ‘malam’

*gudumo

‘brood’; ‘eram’

*gugaYi

‘rest’; ‘istirahat’

*guguLo

‘shake’; ‘goyang, guncang’

*guguLo(no)

‘hungry’; ‘lapar’

*guLaŋo

‘old’; ‘tua’

*gulopako

‘kicking sound, e.g. kick sound’; ‘bunyi 'pak', mis. bunyi sepakan’

*gulotupo

‘explode, erupt’; ‘letup, letus’

*guma

‘speak, say’; ‘bilang, katakan’

*gumaʔ

‘machete sheath’; ‘sarung parang’

*gumuko

‘buzz’; ‘dengung, dengungan’

*gunuguLo

‘concussion (a resounding sound, e.g. thunder)’; ‘gegar (bunyi yang bergegar, mis. bunyi halilintar)’

*guoso

‘gum’; ‘gusi’

*gupeso

‘pinch’; ‘jepit’

*gusiʔa(no)

‘rattan whose stems are quite smooth’; ‘rotan yang batangnya agak halus’

*gusuko

‘rib’; ‘rusuk’

*guYa-guYaŋo

‘older brother’; ‘kakak’

*guʔalo

‘lever’; ‘tuas, pengungkit’

*guʔodu

‘still young, not yet cooked e.g. fruit’; ‘masih muda, belum masak mis. buah-buhahan’

*iLoko

‘armpit’; ‘ketiak’

*inaʔ

‘mother’; ‘ibu’

*indeʔ

‘mother’; ‘ibu’

*iŋkagu

‘dry’; ‘kering’

*ipuso

‘tail’; ‘ekor’

*itomo

‘black’; ‘hitam’

*iYuŋo

‘nose’; ‘hidung’

*iYupo

‘blow’; ‘tiup’

*jaŋkalo

‘inappropriate, not quite right’; ‘tidak pantas, kurang beres’

*kaa

‘eat’; ‘makan’

*kabalo

‘invulnerable (of the body)’; ‘kebal (tentang badan)’

*kabauŋaʔ

‘basket’; ‘bakul’

*kabilaʔ

‘container for betel vine and areca nut’; ‘cerana (tempat sirih dan pinang)’

*kaiso

‘cow, sweep’; ‘sapi, menyapu’

*kaito

‘hook’; ‘kait’

*kali

‘dig’; ‘gali’

*kalibumbaŋo

‘butterfly’; ‘kupu-kupu’

*kaLito

‘scratched, get scratched, e.g. body skin by nails’; ‘tergores, kena goresan, mis. kulit badan oleh paku’

*kalo

‘hornbill’; ‘burung taon’

*kaLugu

‘shave, e.g. shave hair, grate (measuring coconut)’; ‘cukur, mis. mencukur rambut, kukur (mengukur kelapa)’

*kaLuto

‘scratches, tear, e.g. clothes torn from being scratched by nails’; ‘goresan, robekan, mis. baju robek karena tergores paku’

*kami

‘we (excl)’; ‘kami’

*kamu

‘you’; ‘anda’

*kapi(no,ŋo)

‘more (in total e.g. one hundred more)’; ‘lebih (di dalam jumlah mis. seratus lebih)’

*kaposo

‘cotton thread (spun by yourself)’; ‘benang dari kapas (yang dipintal sendiri)’

*kasaija

‘blood red color, e.g. cloth’; ‘warna merah darah, mis. kain’

*kasiʔ

‘pity (interjection)’; ‘kasihan (kata seru)’

*kaso

‘rafters (on a house)’; ‘kasau (pada rumah)’

*katigu

‘outrigger, carrier (on a boat)’; ‘katir, penggandung (pada perahu)’

*kayabu

‘fan (body fan if the air is hot)’; ‘kipas (pengipas badan jika udara panas)’

*kayu

‘wood’; ‘kayu’

*kekebu

‘big wound that won't heal’; ‘luka besar yang tak kunjung sembuh’

*kidito

‘small, narrow’; ‘kecil, sempit’

*kikilo

‘bite’; ‘gigit’

*kikiso

‘scrape’; ‘kikis’

*kilato

‘lightning’; ‘kilat’

*kiLe

‘forehead’; ‘kening’

*kiLito

‘shout’; ‘teriak’

*kiŋkimo

‘hem, sew the edge of the shirt’; ‘kelim, menjahit bagian pinggir baju’

*kintidu

‘large veins on the heel’; ‘urat besar pada tumit’

*kiputo

‘small, tight, e.g. about the size of the clothes’; ‘kecil, sesak, mis. tentang ukuran baju’

*kita

‘we (incl)’; ‘kita’

*kiYapo

‘blink (of the eyes)’; ‘kedip (tentang mata)’

*ko

‘in, It is in, located in’; ‘di, ada di, berada di’

*kogaŋo

‘wounded skin that has hardened’; ‘kulit luka yang telah mengeras’

*kokabu

‘opening or flapping wings (of birds or chickens if they want to fly)’; ‘membuka atau mengepakkan sayap (tentang burung atau ayam jika akan terbang)’

*kokapo

‘touch, grope (in the dark)’; ‘raba, meraba (di dalam gelap)’

*kokobu

‘chew’; ‘kunyah’

*kokodu

‘hug, embrace’; ‘peluk, rangkul’

*koLako

‘phlegm (which comes out of the mouth when coughing)’; ‘dahak (yang keluar dari mulut ketika batuk)’

*koloana

‘right’; ‘kanan’

*koloigi

‘left’; ‘kiri’

*koLoŋia

‘(person) noble, (class) nobles’; ‘(orang) bangsawan, (golongan) ningrat’

*koLoŋkamo

‘chicken lice (white)’; ‘kutu ayam (berwarna putih)’

*koloŋo

‘large chunks, e.g. logs’; ‘potongan besar, mis. batang kayu’

*koLoto

‘hazy (versus clear, about water)’; ‘kabur (lawan jernih, tentang air)’

*kolowagu

‘turmeric’; ‘kunyit’; ‘Curcuma’

*koLuntuŋo

‘dandruff, dirt on the scalp’; ‘ketombe, kotoran di kulit kepala’

*koLuto

‘pinch’; ‘cubit’

*komaligu

‘palace’; ‘istana’

*kombile

‘ko. mango’; ‘sej. mangga’; ‘Mangifera indica’

*komboso

‘ko. guava’; ‘sej. jambu’; ‘Eugenia’

*kompito

‘sticky’; ‘lekat, lengket’

*kompoŋo

‘stomach (food bag)’; ‘perut (kantong makanan)’

*koŋkaLuga

‘coconut shavings’; ‘kukuran kelapa’

*konuku

‘nail’; ‘kuku’

*kosili

‘bullock fish’; ‘ikan bulit’

*kosiŋo

‘laugh’; ‘tertawa’

*koyaŋkaʔ

‘dry coconut leaves’; ‘daun kelapa yang kering’

*koYo

‘message’; ‘pesan’

*kuaako

‘shout’; ‘teriak’

*kudepeŋo

‘crocodile’; ‘buaya’

*kukubu

‘closed’; ‘tutup’

*kukudu

‘scratch’; ‘garuk’

*kukula

‘device for making announcements to the public, made from a piece of bamboo that is hollowed out lengthwise and beaten with a piece of wood’; ‘tetengkoran (alat pemanggil khalayak terbuat dari seruas bambu yang dilubangi membujur dan dipukul dengan sepotong kayu)’

*kukupo

‘surrounded (human body swamped by ants), wrapped’; ‘dikerumuni (badan manusia oleh semut), dibungkus’

*kulau(gu)

‘mix, mix up’; ‘campur, campur baur’

*kulito

‘skin’; ‘kulit’

*kulugu

‘shave or shave (of hair)’; ‘cukur atau menggunduli (tentang rambut)’

*kumonsi

‘breadfruit’; ‘sukun’; ‘Artocarpus sp.’

*kuŋkumo

‘curved, bent’; ‘lengkung, bengkok’

*kunsiʔ

‘key’; ‘kunci’

*kuono

‘so and so, something’; ‘anu, sesuatu’

*kupa

‘ko. guava’; ‘sej. jambu’; ‘Eugenia malaccensis’

*kupi

‘fold’; ‘lipat’

*kuse

‘cuscus’; ‘kuskus’; ‘Phalangista ursina’

*kutu

‘flea’; ‘kutu’

*kuYaŋa

‘hibiscus’; ‘kembang sepatu’; ‘Hibiscus rosa-sinensis’

*kuYo(ŋo)

‘pot’; ‘belanga’

*Labuto

‘unplug, snatch’; ‘cabut, renggut’

*lagaʔ

‘big red ant’; ‘semut besar berwarna merah’

*lagi

‘run, run away’; ‘lari, minggat’

*lai - -

‘bunch (of coconuts)’; ‘tandan (tentang buah kelapa)’

*laigu

‘dangau’; ‘dangau’

*lako

‘go, walk’; ‘pergi, berjalan’

*Lakupo

‘catch, handheld’; ‘tangkap, genggam’

*lamagu

‘smooth and shiny’; ‘licin dan berkilat’

*lambuŋo

‘dress’; ‘baju’

*lamemeto

‘fast, deft’; ‘cepat, cekatan’

*lampaŋo

‘long steps’; ‘langkah yang panjang’

*lana

‘coconut oil’; ‘minyak kelapa’

*Lanato

‘spicy (of chili peppers)’; ‘pedas (tentang lombok)’

*Laŋa

‘branching, e.g. about deer antlers’; ‘bercabang, mis. tentang tanduk rusa’

*laŋito

‘sky’; ‘langit’

*Laŋkaŋo

‘tip of a bamboo tree with branches’; ‘ujung pohon bambu yang beranting’

*laŋkapa

‘termite’; ‘ani-ani’

*Laŋkiso

‘cut, e.g. rope’; ‘potong, mis. tali’

*Laŋkumo

‘handheld’; ‘genggam’

*laŋo

‘drunk’; ‘mabuk’

*laŋo

‘fly’; ‘lalat’

*lanito

‘sharp’; ‘tajam’

*lansato

‘langsat’; ‘langsat’; ‘Lansium domesticum’

*lansiko

‘jump’; ‘lompat’

*lantako

‘float’; ‘terapung’

*Lante

‘chain’; ‘rantai’

*lantuŋo

‘pet confinement’; ‘kurungan binatang peliharaan’

*lapaso

‘finished’; ‘selesai, rampung’

*lapaʔ

‘short machete’; ‘parang pendek’

*Latabu

‘cut, crop, e.g. grass or trees’; ‘potong, pangkas, mis. rumput atau pohon’

*Lataʔ

‘slaughter’; ‘sembelih’

*la(w)ato

‘rare’; ‘jarang’

*layagu

‘sail’; ‘layar’

*layaŋo

‘throw away’; ‘buang’

*layugu

‘tall, fly’; ‘tinggi, melayang’

*Layuʔ

‘far’; ‘jauh’

*leadu

‘straighten teeth’; ‘memepat atau meratakan gigi’

*libano

‘wash hands’; ‘mencuci tangan’

*Libatuko

‘run’; ‘lari’

*Libu

‘thousand’; ‘ribu’

*libudu

‘winding, circumference’; ‘lilit, lingkar’

*libuguʔ

‘umbrella mushroom’; ‘cendawan payung’

*Libuto

‘hurricane’; ‘angin topan’

*libuto(no)

‘island’; ‘pulau’

*ligaona

‘fishing rod’; ‘tangkai pancing’

*ligiso

‘crazy’; ‘gilas’

*lika

‘bedbug’; ‘kutu busuk’

*Likuto

‘grass’; ‘rumput’

*lilidu

‘roll’; ‘guling’

*lima

‘five, hand’; ‘lima, tangan’

*limaŋo

‘big crab’; ‘kepiting besar’

*limaso

‘pyramid, sauk (of water)’; ‘limas, sauk (tentang air)’

*limbuŋo

‘round’; ‘bulat, bundar’

*limodu

‘silent murder (in a quiet place)’; ‘pembunuhan secara diam-diam (di tempat yang sunyi)’

*limpudoŋo

‘imitate the round one’; ‘nyiru yang bundar’

*limu

‘orange, lime’; ‘jeruk, limau’; ‘Citrus sp.’

*limumugu

‘gargle’; ‘kumur’

*Linagu

‘shiny clean’; ‘bersih mengilap’

*liŋaŋaso

‘hot (of the body when sweating)’; ‘panas (tentang badan ketika berkeringat)’

*liŋkagu

‘fast (of how to walk)’; ‘cepat (tentang cara berjalan)’

*liŋkiso

‘bracelet’; ‘gelang’

*liŋkopo

‘closed’; ‘tutup’

*lino

‘pool (deep part of the river)’; ‘lubuk (bagian sungai yang dalam)’

*lintaʔ

‘leech’; ‘lintah’

*Lintoko

‘small’; ‘kecil’

*linugu

‘earthquake’; ‘gempa bumi’

*liodu

‘footstep’; ‘jejak’

*lioŋo

‘forget’; ‘lupa’

*lipato

‘forget’; ‘lupa’

*lipuʔ

‘country, village’; ‘negeri, kampung’

*lisaʔ

‘lice eggs’; ‘telur kutu’

*litodu

‘twisted (of rope)’; ‘pilin (tentang tali)’

*lobuko

‘sit down’; ‘duduk’

*lobuŋo

‘plant, bury’; ‘tanam, kubur’

*Logaŋo

‘thirsty, dry’; ‘haus, kering’

*Logi

‘angry’; ‘marah’

*loguto

‘bone’; ‘ketulangan’

*lokadu

‘raised, out of place’; ‘terangkat, keluar dari tempatnya’

*lokato

‘peel, release from attachment’; ‘mengupas, melepaskan dari lekatan’

*lolaki

‘man’; ‘laki-laki’

*loleŋkela

‘kettle’; ‘cerek’

*lolosobo

‘crown’; ‘ubun-ubun’

*lomoso

‘drown to death’; ‘mati tenggelam’

*lompiaso

‘starfruit’; ‘belimbing’; ‘Averrhoa blimbi, Averrhoa carambola’

*Londogu

‘slip, e.g. because the road is slippery’; ‘terpeleset, mis. karena jalan yang licin’

*loŋa

‘ko. banana’; ‘sej. pisang (pisang tanduk)’

*Loŋito

‘mosquito’; ‘nyamuk’

*loŋkabu

‘large cuts or incisions’; ‘potongan atau sayatan besar’

*LoŋkoLo

‘slit, slaughter’; ‘gorok, sembelih’

*loŋuŋu

‘nape’; ‘tengkuk’

*Lopito

‘snatch from top to bottom, e.g. corn from the tree or twigs from its branches’; ‘merenggut dari atas ke bawah, mis. buah jagung dari pohonnya atau ranting dari cabangnya’

*Lopoto

‘strong (of power)’; ‘kuat (tentang tenaga)’

*Lopuʔ

‘die silly, dead’; ‘mati konyol, mampus’

*losiŋo

‘vinegar, sour’; ‘cuka, asam’

*losuŋo

‘mortar’; ‘lesung’

*losuto

‘hollow, holes (especially the bottom/butt)’; ‘bolong, berlubang (terutama bagian bawah/pantat)’

*loto

‘basket’; ‘bakul’

*Loto(no)

‘tense, strong’; ‘tegang, kuat’

*luagu

‘loose, e.g. clothes size’; ‘longgar, mis. ukuran baju’

*lua(n)ti

‘worm’; ‘cacing’

*lubidu

‘twisted (of rope)’; ‘pilin (tentang tali)’

*Luduso

‘fall, luruh (of fruit or duan)’; ‘gugur, luruh (tentang buah atau duan)’

*Lugaʔ

‘destroyed, very soft, e.g. because it was submerged for a long time’; ‘hancur, lembek sekali, mis. karena terendam lama’

*luguso

‘betel nut’; ‘pinang’; ‘Areca catecha’

*Luguto

‘heavy (of rain)’; ‘deras (tentang hujan)’

*Luito

‘pointed’; ‘runcing’

*lukadu

‘keep, guard’; ‘jaga, menjaga’

*LuLagu

‘pull down fruits repeatedly (roughly)’; ‘jolok berulang-ulang (dengan kasar)’

*luli

‘healed’; ‘sembuh’

*LuLuko

‘bastard (cuss word for men)’; ‘bangsat (kata makian untuk laki-laki)’

*luluto

‘cook using bamboo strips as a container’; ‘memasak dengan menggunakan seruas bambu sebagai wadahnya’

*Lumboŋo

‘deep and round, e.g. plate’; ‘dalam dan bulat, mis. piring’

*lumbuʔ

‘throw away’; ‘buang’

*Lumogu

‘broken, destroyed, e.g. glass or plate’; ‘pecah, hancur, mis. gelas atau piring’

*lumontiko

‘large black ants’; ‘semut hitam yang besar badannya’

*lumpiŋo

‘weak, sluggish’; ‘lemah, lesu’

*lumuto

‘moss’; ‘lumut’; ‘Musci, Najas celebica’

*luno

‘green’; ‘hijau’

*lupugu

‘lazy, weak’; ‘malas, lemah’

*lutamo

‘shoot’; ‘tembak’

*luto

‘fire’; ‘api’

*lutuʔ

‘cook’; ‘masak’

*maiʔ

‘let, here’; ‘mari, ke mari’

*mamaa

‘areca nut’; ‘pinang’; ‘Areca catechu)’

*mamaʔ

‘betel’; ‘sirih’

*maŋkubiʔ

‘demon’; ‘setan’

*manuko

‘chicken’; ‘ayam’

*mata

‘eye’; ‘mata’

*mate

‘dead’; ‘mati’

*minaŋa

‘river’; ‘sungai’

*mo(b)aliʔ

‘can’; ‘boleh’

*monagu

‘down’; ‘turun’

*moŋodeaga

‘girl, virgin’; ‘gadis, dara’

*moŋonu

‘why’; ‘mengapa’

*mula

‘plant’; ‘tanam’

*(m)una

‘at first’; ‘mula-mula’

*munsoŋo

‘snot, dirt nose’; ‘ingus, kotoran hidung’

*nambugu

‘dew (which sticks to the grass)’; ‘embun (yang melekat di rerumputan)’

*nanamo

‘taste of food’; ‘rasa makanan’

*naŋga

‘jackfruit’; ‘nangka’; ‘Artocarpus integrifolia’

*naŋi

‘swim’; ‘berenang’

*natu

‘egg’; ‘telur’

*ŋaŋa

‘mouth’; ‘mulut’

*ŋantiŋanti(ŋo)

‘earrings’; ‘anting-anting’

*ŋipo

‘tooth’; ‘gigi’

*ŋisi

‘open and shows teeth’; ‘membuka mulut seraya menampakkan gigi’

*ŋoŋoto

‘pain’; ‘kesakitan’

*nigu

‘ko. winnowing tray’; ‘nyiru’

*nilu

‘hurt’; ‘ngilu’

*niniso

‘rub’; ‘gosok’

*nipaʔ

‘ko. palm’; ‘nipah’; ‘Nipa fructicans’

*noŋko

‘from, came from’; ‘dari, berasal dari’

*noŋonu

‘why’; ‘mengapa’

*nunuko

‘banyan tree’; ‘pohon beringin’; ‘Ficus benjamina’

*oladu

‘split’; ‘terbelah’

*oLaʔ

‘embarrassed’; ‘malu’

*onduko

‘afraid’; ‘takut’

*ono

‘cold’; ‘dingin’

*oyodu

‘press’; ‘tekan’

*paa

‘bait’; ‘umpan’

*padaŋo

‘kunai grass’; ‘alang-alang’; ‘Imperata arundinacea’

*pagi

‘stingray’; ‘ikan pari’

*paito

‘bitter’; ‘pahit’

*pajanaŋa

‘antique copper lamp’; ‘lampu antik dari tembaga’

*(pa)joŋkeʔ

‘ko. traditional dances’; ‘sej. tarian tradisional’

*paki(a)

‘top’; ‘gasing’

*pakuʔ

‘fern’; ‘sayur paku’; ‘Asplenium esculentum’

*paladu

‘footprint (hand or foot)’; ‘tapak (tangan atau kaki)’

*pale

‘rice’; ‘padi’; ‘Oriza sativa’

*palempaŋo

‘midrib, e.g. coconut leaf midrib’; ‘pelepah, mis. pelepah daun kelapa’

*paliaʔ

‘bitter gourd’; ‘paria’; ‘Momordica charantia’

*palito

‘around, surround’; ‘keliling, mengelilingi’

*paliʔ

‘wound’; ‘luka’

*paluto

‘finished’; ‘selesai, rampung’

*pampiŋo

‘move’; ‘pindah’

*panaso

‘sick’; ‘sakit’

*panaʔ

‘arrow’; ‘panah’

*pandiŋo

‘water jug’; ‘tempayan’

*paŋi

‘pangi tree, the leaves are edible’; ‘pohon pangi, daunnya dapat dimakan’; ‘Pangium edule’

*paŋimpaʔ

‘embankment (in rice fields)’; ‘pematang (di sawah)’

*paŋka

‘stalk, e.g. flower stalk’; ‘tangkai, mis. tangkai bunga’

*paŋkulo

‘o'clock, wrought’; ‘pukul, tempa’

*pasato

‘bright, clear (of sight)’; ‘terang, jelas (tentang penglihatan)’

*pasigu

‘coral (in the middle of the sea)’; ‘karang (di tengah laut)’

*pasoko

‘stake (fence post)’; ‘pancang (tiang pagar)’

*pasuʔ

‘hot’; ‘panas’

*pataʔ

‘sheet’; ‘lembar, helai’

*pate

‘kill’; ‘bunuh’

*patuju

‘objective, meaning’; ‘tujuan, maksud’

*pa(w)a

‘thigh’; ‘paha’

*peŋko(lo)

‘club (of the foot)’; ‘pengkor (tentang kaki)’

*pensudu

‘stumble, e.g. stone feet when walking’; ‘terantuk, mis. kaki batu ketika berjalan’

*pia [piya]

‘good’; ‘baik’

*pigiso

‘beam on the floor of the house’; ‘balok pada lantai rumah’

*piliʔ

‘choose’; ‘pilih, memilih’

*piŋi

‘huddled together, e.g. about bananas’; ‘berdempet, mis. tentang buah pisang’

*pintadu

‘beach’; ‘pantai’

*pipidu

‘arrange (to be orderly, of elongated objects)’; ‘susun, menyusun (supaya teratur, tentang benda-benda yang memanjang)’

*pipiko

‘dodge, flounder’; ‘tepis, gelepar’

*pipiso

‘chick’; ‘anak ayam’

*pipiʔ

‘wash’; ‘cuci’

*piso

‘knife’; ‘pisau’

*pitota(no)

‘tight knot’; ‘ikatan yang erat’

*pitu

‘seven’; ‘tujuh’

*podilaso

‘spleen’; ‘limpa’

*pogiaʔ

‘other, another, except’; ‘lain, yang lain, kecuali’

*poLiamaʔ

‘star’; ‘bintang’

*polipiko

‘wings (in birds)’; ‘sayap (pada unggas)’

*poLoko

‘smoke (from combustion)’; ‘asap (dari hasil pembakaran)’

*poloko

‘short’; ‘pendek’

*poLoto

‘very hurt, really hurts’; ‘perih sekali, sakit sekali’

*pompaŋo

‘cliff on the river bank’; ‘tebing di tepi sungai’

*pomponu

‘turtle’; ‘kura-kura’

*pondam(o,a)

‘feeling’; ‘perasaan’

*pondoso

‘ko. rattan’; ‘sej. rotan’

*poŋkoʔ

‘devil whose job is to take people's hearts’; ‘iblis yang kerjanya mengambil jantung orang’

*ponik

‘go on’; ‘naik’

*poniki

‘bat’; ‘kelelawar’

*ponodu

‘congested, pithy’; ‘padat, bernas’

*ponogu

‘down’; ‘turun’

*popaso

‘wipe, delete, eliminate, e.g. writing’; ‘hapus, menghapus, menghilangkan, mis. tulisan’

*popodu

‘tip (of an elongated object)’; ‘ujung (dari benda yang memanjang)’

*popoLiʔ

‘sting, painful’; ‘perih, pedih’

*posaa(no)

‘carry’; ‘pikul’

*posoloʔ

‘tube from bamboo strips’; ‘tabung dari seruas bambu’

*posuto

‘broken, erupted’; ‘pecah, meletus’

*potiko

‘tick (with fingertips)’; ‘kutik (dengan ujung jari)’

*potuŋo

‘piggy bank made of bamboo’; ‘celengan dari seruas bambu’

*poYu

‘bile’; ‘empedu’

*pugitaʔ

‘octopus’; ‘gurita’; ‘Polyp’

*puguso

‘squeeze (by hand, e.g. squeezing coconut milk from coconuts to make oil)’; ‘peras (dengan tangan, mis. memeras santan dari kelapa kukur yang akan dibuat minyak)’

*puki

‘female genitalia’; ‘kemaluan perempuan’

*puLa

‘red’; ‘merah’

*puliŋo

‘full, e.g. water in the baking dish’; ‘penuh, mis. air di dalam loyang’

*puliŋo

‘sty, foreign object in the eye’; ‘lilip, benda asing di mata’

*pulodu

‘pieces of wood that still have fire on them’; ‘potongan kayu yang masih ada apinya’

*pulu

‘handle’; ‘gagang, mis. gagang garang’

*puluto

‘pulut, sap’; ‘pulut, getah’

*puluʔ

‘tens’; ‘puluh’

*pune

‘ko. bird’; ‘burung punai’

*puntianaʔ

‘ko. ghost’; ‘kuntilanak’

*punuʔ

‘magnifier’; ‘pembesar’

*pupugu

‘scabies’; ‘kudis’

*pupuko

‘live together’; ‘hidup bersama-sama’

*pusodu

‘navel, central (in the middle of the stomach)’; ‘pusar, pusat (pada tengah perut)’

*pusoŋi

‘cheek’; ‘pipi’

*pusuŋo

‘banana blossom’; ‘jantung pisang’

*puti(ko)

‘white’; ‘putih’

*pututo

‘wrap’; ‘bungkus’

*putuʔ

‘heart’; ‘jantung’

*puyuŋo

‘bun’; ‘sanggul’

*puyuto

‘pick up’; ‘pungut’

*sabaʔ

‘tell me’; ‘suruh’

*sabudu

‘sprinkle, scattered’; ‘tabur, hambur’

*sadaŋo

‘hooked, e.g. clothes on nails on the wall’; ‘sangkut, mis. baju pada paku di dinding’

*sadiko

‘gore’; ‘menanduk’

*sagi

‘banana’; ‘pisang’

*saidu

‘comb’; ‘sisir’

*sake

‘go on, drive’; ‘naik, mengendarai’

*sakito

‘sick’; ‘sakit’

*sakulo

‘spear, e.g. towards animals’; ‘menombak, mis. terhadap binatang’

*salaʔ

‘wrong’; ‘salah’

*salempaŋo

‘(cloth) sash’; ‘(kain) selempang’

*sali

‘buy’; ‘beli’

*salogu

‘house floor’; ‘lantai rumah’

*salugu

‘water’; ‘air’

*sampaŋo

‘straddle (of the legs)’; ‘kangkang (tentang kaki)’

*sandipo

‘insert, skid’; ‘sisip, selip’

*sandobu

‘remember, recalled’; ‘ingat, kenang’

*saŋa

‘branch’; ‘cabang’

*saŋito

‘cry’; ‘tangis’

*sapato

‘put, e.g. something on the table’; ‘meletakkan, mis. sesuatu benda di atas meja’

*sapulo

‘guess’; ‘terka’

*saputo

‘shroud, wrap’; ‘kafan, bungkus’

*sapuʔ

‘meat’; ‘daging’

*sasaʔ

‘sago or palm leaves (as roofing material for houses)’; ‘daun sagu atau nipah (sebagai bahan atap rumah)’

*sayadu

‘divide, slice’; ‘iris, bagi’

*saYako

‘search, look for’; ‘cari, mencari’

*saYuko

‘scoop, dip, e.g. water from the pool’; ‘sauk, ciduk, mis. air dari kolam’

*saYuo [saYuwo]

‘advance, front, (face to face), eg the location of the house’; ‘muka, depan, (ber)hadapan, mis letak rumah’

*sia

‘he, she, it’; ‘ia’

*sikalo

‘search’; ‘cari’

*siku

‘elbow’; ‘siku’

*siladu

‘talipot palm’; ‘pohon silar’; ‘Corypha umbraculifera’

*siloko

‘glance, peep’; ‘kerling, lirik’

*simuto

‘salt’; ‘garam’

*siŋga

‘sun’; ‘matahari’

*sinito

‘cow lice’; ‘kutu sapi’

*sio

‘nine’; ‘sembilan’

*sisigu

‘winnow (rice)’; ‘menampi (beras)’

*sisiko

‘scrutinize, looking for lice (especially on the head)’; ‘selisik, mencari kutu (terutama di kepala)’

*sisiko

‘termite, wood eating powder’; ‘rayap, bubuk pemakan kayu’

*siYupo

‘in the below section’; ‘di (bagian) bawah’

*soduʔ

‘sedak, burp’; ‘sedak, serdawa’

*sogaʔ

‘light’; ‘lampu’

*sogisi

‘ko. rattan’; ‘sej. rotan’; ‘Calamus’

*sogoto

‘strong (because of a bond)’; ‘kuat (karena ikatan)’

*solagu

‘big’; ‘besar’

*solise

‘tropical almond’; ‘pohon ketapang’; ‘Terminalia catappa’

*sologu

‘current’; ‘arus’

*soLomo

‘ant’; ‘semut’

*sombuŋaʔ

‘pimple’; ‘jerawat’

*somoto

‘pin’; ‘peniti’

*sondoisika

‘little finger’; ‘(jari) kelingking’

*soŋa

‘blow your nose, while narrowing your nostrils with your fingers’; ‘mengeluarkan ingus, sambil mengecilkan lubang hidung dengan jari’

*soŋito

‘sharp odor, e.g. underarm odor’; ‘bau yang tajam, mis. bau ketiak’

*soŋkobu

‘fell’; ‘terjerambab’

*soŋonu

‘how many’; ‘berapa’

*sonsolo

‘regret’; ‘sesal, menyesal’

*sonsomaʔ

‘welcome, meet’; ‘songsong, papas’

*sonsuolo

‘whistle, whistling’; ‘siul, siulan’

*sooluso

‘slick, good, e.g. about the results of work or how to organize something’; ‘apik, bagus, mis. tentang hasil pekerjaan atau cara mengatur sesuatu’

*sopiʔ

‘banana comb’; ‘sisiran buah pisang’

*sopoYodu

‘sticky (of the taste of unripe fruit)’; ‘pekat (tentang rasa buah-buahan yang belum masak)’

*sopuoto

‘fog (after rain)’; ‘kabut (sesudah hujan)’

*sosoko

‘lizard’; ‘cecak’

*sosopo

‘suction, suck’; ‘isap, mengisap’

*souma

‘day after tomorrow’; ‘lusa’

*soYaʔ

‘fish’; ‘ikan’

*soYopa

‘(to the) west (where the sun or moon sets)’; ‘(sebelah) barat (tempat terbenamnya matahri atau bulan)’

*soYopo

‘enter, set (of the sun or moon)’; ‘masuk, terbenam (tentang matahri atau bulan)’

*suaŋge

‘maleo bird’; ‘burung maleo’; ‘Macrocephalon maleo’

*suaŋo

‘fill’; ‘isi’

*subiŋo

‘cleft (of a deformed or split lip, especially at the top)’; ‘sumbing (tentang bibir yang cacat atau terbelah, terutama di sebelah atas)’

*subu

‘down, e.g. from boat to land’; ‘turun, mis. dari perahu ke darat’

*sugata

‘hit’; ‘kena’

*sugato

‘enough, on (adequate)’; ‘cukup, pada (memadai)’

*suka

‘vomit’; ‘muntah’

*sulapidu

‘braid (of hair), chicken (of mat)’; ‘jalin (tentang rambut), ayam (tentang tikar)’

*suliʔ

‘reply’; ‘balas’

*sulugu

‘rooster’; ‘ayam jantan’

*suluʔ

‘fire’; ‘api’

*sumpaŋo

‘sago’; ‘sagu’; ‘Metroxylon sagu’

*suŋe

‘horn’; ‘tanduk’

*suŋkudu

‘stick’; ‘tongkat’

*suoto

‘enter’; ‘masuk’

*supaʔ

‘cupak’; ‘cupak’

*supito

‘pinch, e.g. clamp down on embers or fire’; ‘jeppit, mis. menjepit bara atau api’

*supiʔ

‘rheumatism’; ‘rematik’

*susu

‘breasts’; ‘buah dada’

*susuko

‘stab’; ‘tusuk’

*taba

‘fat, salary’; ‘lemak, gajih’

*tabaaŋo

‘ko. shrub’; ‘sej. semak’; ‘Cordyline sp.’

*tabaŋo

‘tastes bland (of the taste of food)’; ‘berasa tawar (tentang rasa makanan)’

*tabi

‘darling’; ‘sayang’

*tabubuko

‘ko. tree’; ‘sej. pohon’; ‘Momordica cochinchinensis’

*tadiko

‘end of the boat that rises slightly upwards (at the bow or stern)’; ‘bagian ujung perahu yang agak menjulang ke atas (di haluan atau buritan)’

*taguʔ

‘save’; ‘simpan’

*taki

‘friend’; ‘teman’

*tako

‘steal’; ‘curi’

*takodu

‘climb (of mountains)’; ‘mendaki (tentang gunung)’

*takuLako

‘ko. bird with green feathers’; ‘sej. burung yang bulunya berwarna hijau’

*tali

‘rope’; ‘tali’

*talibu

‘pass, e.g. in front of the house’; ‘lewat, mis. di depan rumah’

*talo

‘coward’; ‘penakut, pengecut’

*talu

‘forest’; ‘hutan’

*tami

‘bland (less sweet)’; ‘tawar (kurang manis)’

*tampala

‘brindle (of the colour of the fur on the cow's body)’; ‘belang-belang (tentang warna bulu pada badan sapi)’

*tampipiko

‘floundering, e.g. freshly caught fish’; ‘gelepar, mis. ikan yang baru saja ditangkap’

*tampiʔ

‘fight (of chickens or other animals)’; ‘berlaga (tentang ayam atau binatang lain)’

*tandaʔ

‘marks or blackness on the body that are present from birth’; ‘tanda atau kehitam-hitaman pada badan yang dibawa sejak lahir’

*taŋagu

‘marry and run away’; ‘kawin bawa lari’

*taŋkiʔ

‘riddle’; ‘teka-teki’

*tano

‘look from a (somewhat) high place, e.g. from the top of a mountain or the ridge of a house’; ‘melihat dari tempat yang (agak) tinggi, mis. dari atas puncak gunung atau bubungan rumah’

*tanoko

‘sugar, e.g. seasoning fish or meat’; ‘menggulai, mis. menggulai ikan atau daging’

*tantuaŋo

‘ko. shell which can be blown (like a trumpet)’; ‘sej. bia (yang dapat ditiup)’

*tapuʔ

‘weight or anchor (usually made of stone)’; ‘pembeban atau sauh (biasanya terbuat dari batu)’

*tatako

‘cut, e.g. cut the rope’; ‘potong, mis. memotong tali’

*tato

‘soluble (in water)’; ‘larut (di dalam air)’

*-ta(u)

‘person’; ‘orang’

*tau

‘know’; ‘tahu’

*teŋkelo

‘box’; ‘bertinju’

*tiaŋo

‘call, invite’; ‘panggil, ajak’

*tia(no)

‘stomach’; ‘perut’

*tigadu

‘land boundary’; ‘batas tanah’

*tigugu

‘neck’; ‘leher’

*tila

‘for, share’; ‘bagi, membagi’

*tiligu

‘down (of a mountain)’; ‘menuruni (tentang gunung)’

*tilo

‘lime (which is usually eaten with betel or areca nut)’; ‘kapur (yang biasa dimakan dengan sirih atau pinang)’

*timbaŋo

‘weigh’; ‘timbang, menimbang’

*timogaʔ

‘tin’; ‘timah’

*tinai

‘intestines’; ‘usus’

*tindaLo

‘light, ray’; ‘cahaya, sinar’

*tiŋa

‘food residue between the teeth’; ‘sisa makanan di antara gigi’

*tiŋkodu

‘heel’; ‘tumit’

*tiŋogu

‘sound’; ‘bunyi’

*tintako

‘lift’; ‘angkat’

*tintiŋo

‘sound, e.g. drum or bell’; ‘membunyikan, mis. beduk atau lonceng’

*tiolo

‘foot’; ‘kaki’

*tipuʔ

‘pick’; ‘petik’

*tiuka(no)

‘bee’; ‘lebah’

*tiYugu

‘Sleep’; ‘tidur’

*toba

‘part of a river or seashore that is not flooded with water’; ‘bagian sungai atau tepi laut yang tidak digenangi air’

*toboko

‘black stains on clothes (due to moisture)’; ‘noda hitam pada baju (karena kelembaban)’

*togi

‘owned by, owner’; ‘milik, pemilik’

*togoindopo

‘dream’; ‘mimpi’

*togumata

‘red eye disease (not chronic but seasonal)’; ‘penyakit mata merah (bukan menahun tetapi memusim)’

*tokapo

‘slap’; ‘tampar’

*tokoLuto

‘little’; ‘sedikit’

*t(ol)itiko

‘cockroach’; ‘kecoa’

*toLiʔ

‘pee’; ‘kencing’

*toLotapo

‘soreness or pain in the eyes (due to a foreign object or drowsiness)’; ‘kepedihan atau kesakitan mata (karena ada benda asing atau mengantuk)’

*tolu

‘three’; ‘tiga’

*tomboLokiki

‘scissor bird’; ‘burung serigunting’

*tombulaŋo

‘ko. bamboo’; ‘sej. bambu’

*tonaŋo

‘crop-eating bug, rice pest’; ‘pianggang, walangsangit’

*tondako

‘conjecture’; ‘duga, dugaan’

*tonda(no)

‘wages, payment’; ‘upah, gaji, bayaran’

*tondoko

‘fence’; ‘pagar’

*toŋkodu

‘stop, e.g. blood is flowing’; ‘berhenti, mis. darah yang sedang mengalir’

*tontobua(ŋo)

‘black bee’; ‘lebah hitam’

*tontoko

‘stains or colors showing signs of cooking, e.g. on mangoes or bananas’; ‘noda atau warna tanda masak, mis. pada buah mangga atau pisang’

*tontolawaʔ

‘spider’; ‘labah-labah’

*tontolona

‘esophagus’; ‘kerongkongan’

*tontoŋo

‘look at each other, meeting’; ‘saling tatap, temu pandang’

*topaŋo

‘strike, e.g. goat by a big snake’; ‘pagut, mis. kambing oleh ular besar’

*totadu

‘mince, cut into small pieces’; ‘cincang, potong kecil-kecil’

*totako

‘fail, fall, e.g. ripe fruit’; ‘gugur, jatuh, mis. buah yang sudah masak’

*tote

‘small bridge (usually made of bamboo or wooden sticks)’; ‘jembatan kecil (biasanya terbuat dari bambu atau batang kayu)’

*toYuŋo

‘wide hat from palm leaves (round shape)’; ‘topi lebar dari daun nipah (bentuknya bundar)’

*tuba

‘derris root (which is usually used to kill fish)’; ‘tuba (yang biasa digunakan untuk membunuh ikan)’; ‘Derris elliptica’

*tu(b)agu

‘answer, said’; ‘jawab, sahut’

*tudu

‘on, above, e.g. put something on the table’; ‘atas, di atas, mis. letak sesuatu benda di atas meja’

*tugalo

‘digging stick (ground-piercing stakes for rice seedlings)’; ‘tugal (pancang pelubang tanah untuk bibit padi)’

*tukadu

‘ladder’; ‘tangga’

*tukaʔ

‘swallow once, e.g. snake against chicken’; ‘telan sekali, mis. ular terhadap ayam’

*tukodu

‘stand with a cane’; ‘berdiri dengan menggunakan tongkat’

*tuLako

‘stab’; ‘tusuk’

*tula(no)

‘bone’; ‘tulang’

*tuLaʔ

‘gluttonous (of how to eat)’; ‘rakus (tentang cara makan)’

*tulidu

‘straight’; ‘lurus’

*tuli(ŋo)

‘earwax’; ‘kotoran telinga’

*tuLubu

‘roast, smoke’; ‘panggang, mengasapi’

*tuludu

‘push’; ‘dorong’

*tuma

‘clothing lice’; ‘tuma, kutu baju’

*tumpalako

‘frog’; ‘katak’

*tumpiŋo

‘wart, swelling’; ‘kutil, bengkakan’

*tundugu

‘follow, next’; ‘ikut, susul’

*tunduʔ

‘point’; ‘tunjuk’

*tuŋo

‘mite’; ‘tungau’

*tuntuŋ

‘punch forcefully (especially in the back of the body)’; ‘meninju dengan kuat (terutama di bagian belakang badan)’

*tunu

‘burn’; ‘bakar’

*tuodu

‘single tree (remaining on the ground)’; ‘tunggal pohon (yang tersisa di tanah)’

*tutuko

‘peck’; ‘patuk’

*tutuŋo

‘burn, scorched’; ‘bakar, hangus’

*-tuu

‘right, correct’; ‘betul, benar’

*uabu

‘evaporate’; ‘menguab’

*ualaʔ

‘molar’; ‘geraham’

*ue

‘rattan’; ‘rotan’; ‘Calamus’

*-ukaʔ-

‘shell’; ‘tempurung’

*unapo

‘fish scale’; ‘sisik ikan’

*uno(no)

‘orphan’; ‘(anak) yatim piatu’

*uYaŋo

‘shrimp’; ‘udang’

*(w)abu

‘ash, dust’; ‘abu, debu, dapur’

*(w)abulo

‘weave’; ‘tenun, menenun’

*wagato

‘rainy season’; ‘musim hujan’

*(w)agumo

‘plunder, seize’; ‘rampas, rebut’

*(w)agumo

‘soak’; ‘rendam’

*wakato

‘root’; ‘akar’

*(w)akolo

‘sugar palm tree’; ‘pohon enau’; ‘Arenga saccharifera, Arenga pinnata’

*(w)aku

‘I’; ‘aku’

*(w)aLe

‘chin’; ‘dagu’

*(w)alito

‘rope made of animal skin, especially buffalo skin’; ‘tali dari kulit binatang, khususnya kulit kerbau’

*walu

‘eight’; ‘delapan’

*(w)anako

‘child’; ‘anak’

*(w)ane

‘termite’; ‘anai-anai’

*waŋga

‘boat’; ‘perahu’

*(w)aŋkubu

‘close, protect’; ‘tutup, lindung’

*(w)aŋobu

‘deep, deep part of the river’; ‘lubuk, bagian sungai yang dalam’

*(w)aŋodu

‘soft palate’; ‘langit-langit lembut’

*(w)antogu

‘core, middle, e.g. on a wooden stick’; ‘inti, bagian tengah, mis. pada batang kayu’

*(w)antolo

‘something stuck in the middle, e.g. thorns or sticks between the fingers’; ‘sesuatu yang tertancap di tengah-tengah, mis. duri atau lidi di antara jari tangan’

*(w)anuto

‘invite, encourage’; ‘ajak, undang’

*(w)aogu

‘elephant bamboo’; ‘sej. bambu yang batangnya besar, betung’; ‘Dendrocalamus asper’

*(w)apidu

‘attached, huddled together’; ‘dempet, berdempet’

*wase

‘iron’; ‘besi’

*wasiko

‘shout, scream’; ‘teriak, teriakan’

*wasi(no,ŋo)

‘salt’; ‘garam’

*(w)ata

‘slave’; ‘budak’

*watoko

‘step’; ‘tiri’

*(w)atopo

‘roof’; ‘atap rumah’

*(w)a(w)ako

‘body, self’; ‘badan, diri’

*(w)obolo

‘smoke’; ‘asap’

*(w)obuʔ

‘cough’; ‘batuk’

*(wo)gutaʔ

‘waist’; ‘pinggang’

*(w)olaʔ

‘subside, stop, e.g. about heavy rain’; ‘reda, berhenti, mis. tentang hujan yang lebat’

*(w)oloto

‘between’; ‘antara, di antara’

*(w)oluo

‘be, exist’; ‘ada’

*(w)oluʔ

‘dew’; ‘embun’

*(w)ompaʔ

‘low’; ‘rendah’

*(w)ompu

‘grandchild’; ‘cucu’

*(w)ondu

‘sun’; ‘matahari’

*(w)onomo

‘six’; ‘enam’

*(w)opato

‘four’; ‘empat’

*(w)ota

‘he’; ‘dia’

*(w)otuto

‘fart’; ‘kentut’

*(w)oyoŋo

‘calm, subsided, e.g. about rain or storms’; ‘tenang, reda, mis. tentang hujan atau angin ribut’

*(w)ugato

‘seeds (numeral classifier)’; ‘biji (kata bantu bilangan)’

*(w)ugato

‘veins’; ‘urat nadi’

*(w)uLa(no)

‘rain’; ‘hujan’

*(w)ulaso

‘sweat’; ‘keringat’

*(w)ulato

‘Wait’; ‘tunggu’

*(w)ulidu

‘lie down’; ‘baring’

*(w)uli(no)

‘rudder (on a boat)’; ‘kemudi (pada perahu)’

*(wu)lipa(ŋo)

‘centipede’; ‘lipan’

*(w)ulito

‘nature or temperament of liking to bring up things in the past, like to mention it again’; ‘sifat atau perangai suka mengungkit-ungkit hal-hal yang telah lalu, suka menyebut-nyebut kembali’

*(w)uliʔ

‘return’; ‘kembali’

*(w)ulodu

‘caterpillar’; ‘ulat’

*(w)uloso

‘(cloth) blanket’; ‘(kain) selimut’

*(w)ulu

‘head’; ‘kepala’

*(w)uluna

‘pillow’; ‘bantal kepala’

*(w)umpagu

‘fall down (of a tree)’; ‘rebah (tentang pohon)’

*(w)umpuŋo

‘demon, ghost’; ‘setan, hantu’

*(w)undamo

‘drug’; ‘obat’

*(w)uŋkuʔ

‘dog’; ‘anjing’

*(w)untu

‘uphold’; ‘menjunjung’

*(w)upaso

‘banana skin’; ‘kulit batang pisang’

*(w)usato

‘brother (for family relationships, not greetings)’; ‘saudara (untuk hubungan kekluargaan, bukan kata sapaan)’

*(w)usi(ko,gu)

‘drive away’; ‘usir’

*(w)uti

‘penis’; ‘batang kemaluan (pada laki-laki)’

*(w)utoko

‘brain’; ‘otak’

*(w)u(w,b)a(no)

‘gray hair’; ‘uban’

*Yaato

‘wicked, bad’; ‘jahat, jelek’

*Yaŋo

‘irritated’; ‘jengkel’

*(y)ibugu

‘saliva’; ‘air liur’

*(y)ibuŋo

‘salt’; ‘garam’

*-(y)igi

‘pillar, post supporting the house’; ‘pilar, tiang topang rumah’

*(y)iko

‘you’; ‘kau’

*(y)ilagu

‘drying’; ‘jemur’

*(y)iligu

‘downstream, drifting downstream through the river’; ‘menghilir, menghanyutkan diri ke hilir melalui sungai’

*(y)imantuŋo

‘stockade, foot cuffs are made from planks or wooden sticks’; ‘pasungan, borgol kaki terbuat dari papan atau batang kayu’

*(y)imbalu

‘scold’; ‘tegur’

*(y)imoko

‘gather’; ‘kumpul’

*(y)inalugu

‘road’; ‘jalan’

*(y)inambalo

‘ko. grilled dishes’; ‘sej. masakan panggang’

*(y)indaŋo

‘miang (on bamboo or rice stems/leaves)’; ‘miang (pada batang/daun bambu atau padi)’

*(y)inoluso

‘wrapped rice’; ‘nasi bungkus’

*-(y)insa

‘one time’; ‘satu kali’

*(y)insuolo

‘whistle, whistling’; ‘siul, siulan’

*(y)intado

‘let, come on (word of invitation)’; ‘mari, ayo(kata ajakan)’

*(y)intaluʔ

‘defecate’; ‘buang air besar’

*(y)intiŋa

‘prick (between) teeth’; ‘tusuk (antara) gigi’

*(y)inumo

‘drink’; ‘minum’

*(y)ipagu

‘brother-in-law’; ‘ipar’

*(y)ipilo

‘ironwood’; ‘kayu besi’; ‘Inocarpus’

*(y)isogu

‘play’; ‘main, bermain’

*(y)itaʔ

‘do it between the groin and the genitals’; ‘lakukan di antara pangkal paha dan kemaluan’

*Yopa

‘fathom’; ‘depa’