Usup (1986a): Proto-Gorontalo-Mongondow
Search entries
Headword | IPA | Glosses | |
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*aaRak | ‘search, look for’ (eng); ‘cari, mencari’ (ind) |
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*akut | ‘transport’ (eng); ‘angkut’ (ind) |
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*ala | ‘take’ (eng); ‘ambil’ (ind) |
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*(a)libobag | ‘rainbow’ (eng); ‘pelangi, benang raja’ (ind) |
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*ama | ‘father’ (eng); ‘ayah’ (ind) |
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*a(n)saŋ | ‘gills (of fish)’ (eng); ‘insang (pada ikan)’ (ind) |
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*anud | ‘drift’ (eng); ‘hanyut’ (ind) |
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*aRi | ‘younger brother’ (eng); ‘adik’ (ind) |
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*aRok | ‘kiss’ (eng); ‘cium’ (ind) |
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*baba | ‘support’ (eng); ‘dukung’ (ind) |
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*bagaŋ | ‘lower jaw’ (eng); ‘rahang bawah’ (ind) |
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*bagat | ‘attic (at home)’ (eng); ‘loteng (pada rumah)’ (ind) |
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*bagaʔ | ‘swollen, swelling’ (eng); ‘bengkak, bengkakan’ (ind) |
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*bagu | ‘kind of vegetable’ (eng); ‘sejenis sayur’ (ind); ‘Gnetum gnemon’ (lat) |
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*bagu | ‘new’ (eng); ‘baru’ (ind) |
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*-bai | ‘woman’ (eng); ‘perempuan’ (ind) |
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*bakid | ‘meeting, deliberation’ (eng); ‘pertemuan, permusyawaratan’ (ind) |
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*bakul | ‘snare’ (eng); ‘jerat’ (ind) |
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*bakut | ‘wrap’ (eng); ‘bungkus’ (ind) |
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*balaŋon | ‘sea’ (eng); ‘laut’ (ind) |
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*baloa | ‘ko. anchovy’ (eng); ‘sej. ikan teri’ (ind) |
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*baloŋkaʔ | ‘ko. melon’ (eng); ‘sambiki’ (ind); ‘Lagenaria hispida’ (lat) |
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*baloy | ‘house’ (eng); ‘rumah’ (ind) |
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*baluy | ‘change’ (eng); ‘ganti’ (ind) |
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*banat | ‘lie down’ (eng); ‘berbaring’ (ind) |
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*baŋaŋ | ‘pant, find it hard to breathe’ (eng); ‘terengah-engah, sesak napas’ (ind) |
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*baŋke | ‘carcass’ (eng); ‘bangkai’ (ind) |
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*baŋoʔ | ‘coconut’ (eng); ‘kelapa’ (ind); ‘Cocos nucifera’ (lat) |
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*baŋun | ‘get up’ (eng); ‘bangun’ (ind) |
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*banod | ‘numb, tingling’ (eng); ‘mati rasa, sesemutan’ (ind) |
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*bantoŋ | ‘forest cow, anoa’ (eng); ‘sapi hutan, anoa’ (ind); ‘Bubalus depressicornis’ (lat) |
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*banut | ‘husk (in coconuts)’ (eng); ‘sabut (pada buah kelapa)’ (ind) |
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*barundak | ‘cook rice in bamboo’ (eng); ‘nasi buluh, lemang’ (ind) |
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*basaʔ | ‘wet’ (eng); ‘basah’ (ind) |
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*basiʔ | ‘too, more than usual’ (eng); ‘terlalu, lebih dari biasanya’ (ind) |
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*basuŋ | ‘tube from the midrib of sago leaves’ (eng); ‘tabung dari pelepah daun sagu’ (ind) |
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*batak | ‘impolite, coarse’ (eng); ‘kurang ajar’ (ind) |
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*bataŋ | ‘stem (e.g. log)’ (eng); ‘batang (mis. batang kayu)’ (ind) |
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*bataŋan | ‘body, self’ (eng); ‘badan, diri’ (ind) |
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*batu | ‘rock’ (eng); ‘batu’ (ind) |
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*batun | ‘go on’ (eng); ‘naik’ (ind) |
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*baʔan | ‘sneeze’ (eng); ‘bersin’ (ind) |
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*bembeʔ | ‘goat’ (eng); ‘kambing’ (ind) |
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*biag | ‘life, maintain’ (eng); ‘hidup, pelihara’ (ind) |
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*bibig | ‘lips’ (eng); ‘bibir’ (ind) |
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*bibik | ‘duck’ (eng); ‘itik’ (ind) |
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*bibit | ‘tote’ (eng); ‘jinjing’ (ind) |
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*bibiʔ | ‘ballast load’ (eng); ‘beban pemberat’ (ind) |
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*bigaʔ | ‘ko. taro’ (eng); ‘sej. talas’ (ind); ‘Alocasia’ (lat) |
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*bilog | ‘see’ (eng); ‘lihat’ (ind) |
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*biŋkaʔ | ‘very small fish’ (eng); ‘anak ikan yang masih kecil sekali’ (ind) |
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*biniʔ | ‘rotten eggs’ (eng); ‘telur busuk’ (ind) |
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*bintang | ‘Indian laurel’ (eng); ‘pohon bintangar’ (ind); ‘Calophyllum inophyllum’ (lat) |
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*binte | ‘corn’ (eng); ‘jagung’ (ind); ‘Zea mays’ (lat) |
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*biod | ‘fish egg’ (eng); ‘telur ikan’ (ind) |
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*birit | ‘opening something by using your fingers, e.g. open closed eyelids’ (eng); ‘membuka sesuatu dengan menggunakan jari, mis. membuka kelopak mata yang tertutup’ (ind) |
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*bisul | ‘boil’ (eng); ‘bisul’ (ind) |
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*biʔau | ‘candlenut’ (eng); ‘kemiri’ (ind); ‘Aleurites moluccana’ (lat) |
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*bobag | ‘hit (hard, e.g. hit the reed until it crumbles)’ (eng); ‘pukul (dengan keras, mis. memukul batang buluh sampai remuk)’ (ind) |
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*boboʔ | ‘mute’ (eng); ‘bisu’ (ind) |
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*bogani | ‘brave’ (eng); ‘berani’ (ind) |
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*bogas | ‘rice’ (eng); ‘beras’ (ind) |
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*bogat | ‘heavy’ (eng); ‘berat’ (ind) |
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*bogos | ‘tie, bind several similar objects together’ (eng); ‘ikat, mengikat beberapa benda yang sama menjadi satu’ (ind) |
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*bogoy | ‘give’ (eng); ‘beri, memberi’ (ind) |
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*bokol | ‘wave’ (eng); ‘ombak’ (ind) |
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*bolad | ‘mat’ (eng); ‘tikar’ (ind) |
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*bolaŋas | ‘rambutan’ (eng); ‘rambutan’ (ind); ‘Nephelium lappaceum’ (lat) |
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*bolaŋita(ŋ) | ‘ko. wood’ (eng); ‘sej. kayu’ (ind); ‘Tetrameles nudiflora’ (lat) |
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*bolay | ‘monkey’ (eng); ‘kera’ (ind) |
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*boli | ‘price’ (eng); ‘harga’ (ind) |
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*bolian | ‘witch doctor’ (eng); ‘dukun’ (ind) |
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*boliuŋ | ‘ax’ (eng); ‘kapak’ (ind) |
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*bolotu | ‘boat’ (eng); ‘perahu’ (ind) |
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*bolusu | ‘bracelet made of local skin’ (eng); ‘gelang dari kulit lokan’ (ind) |
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*bombaŋ | ‘disband, run’ (eng); ‘bubar, lari’ (ind) |
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*bondis | ‘poetry’ (eng); ‘syair, bersyair’ (ind) |
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*bondot | ‘rotten, musty’ (eng); ‘busuk, apak’ (ind) |
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*bondu | ‘fragrant’ (eng); ‘harum’ (ind) |
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*boŋkudu | ‘noni, tree whose bark is made into red paint to color batik cloth’ (eng); ‘mengkudu, bengkudu, pohon yang kulitnya dibuat cat merah untuk mewarnai kain batik’ (ind); ‘Morinda citrifolia’ (lat) |
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*boŋol | ‘deaf’ (eng); ‘tuli’ (ind) |
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*boŋolan | ‘ear’ (eng); ‘talinga’ (ind) |
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*boniaʔ | ‘eagle’ (eng); ‘burung elang’ (ind); ‘Haliastur indus intermedius, Spilornis cheela’ (lat) |
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*bontow | ‘separated’ (eng); ‘putus’ (ind) |
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*boRokuak | ‘ko. wading bird’ (eng); ‘sej. burung rawa’ (ind) |
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*boruis | ‘ko. marsh bird’ (eng); ‘burung weris, sej. burung rawa’ (ind) |
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*bosiot | ‘calf’ (eng); ‘betis’ (ind) |
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*bosoy | ‘paddle’ (eng); ‘dayung’ (ind) |
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*bosug | ‘full’ (eng); ‘kenyang’ (ind) |
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*botak | ‘broken’ (eng); ‘pecah’ (ind) |
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*botok | ‘hard to breathe’ (eng); ‘sesak napas’ (ind) |
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*botutu | ‘cover for filling something (made of thick cloth)’ (eng); ‘sarung tempat mengisi sesuatu (terbuat dari kain tebal)’ (ind) |
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*buat | ‘lift’ (eng); ‘angkat’ (ind) |
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*buaya | ‘crocodile’ (eng); ‘buaya’ (ind) |
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*bubug | ‘bruises (from being hit hard)’ (eng); ‘memar (akibat kena pukulan keras)’ (ind) |
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*bubuk | ‘powder, ko. wood-eating termites’ (eng); ‘bubuk, sej. rayap pemakan kayu’ (ind) |
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*bubul | ‘goosebumps (on the human body), fur (on the animal's body)’ (eng); ‘bulu roma (pada tubuh manusia), bulu (pada badan binatang)’ (ind) |
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*bubuŋ | ‘roof connection’ (eng); ‘hubungan atap rumah’ (ind) |
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*bubus | ‘bulk, pour’ (eng); ‘curah, tuang’ (ind) |
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*bubut | ‘unplug it’ (eng); ‘cabut’ (ind) |
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*bubuʔ | ‘hole’ (eng); ‘lubang’ (ind) |
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*budoʔ | ‘downy mildew, albino’ (eng); ‘bulai, albino’ (ind) |
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*bui | ‘go home, return’ (eng); ‘pulang, kembali’ (ind) |
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*buiŋ | ‘charcoal (from wood or shells)’ (eng); ‘arang (dari kayu atau tempurung)’ (ind) |
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*buka(d,ʔ) | ‘untie, release’ (eng); ‘membuka ikatan, melepaskan’ (ind) |
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*bukas | ‘open’ (eng); ‘buka’ (ind) |
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*bukid | ‘mountain’ (eng); ‘gunung’ (ind) |
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*buku | ‘node (bamboo)’ (eng) |
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*bulan | ‘month’ (eng); ‘bulan’ (ind) |
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*bulat | ‘spur (on roosters)’ (eng); ‘taji (pada ayam jantan)’ (ind) |
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*bulawan | ‘gold’ (eng); ‘emas’ (ind) |
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*buli | ‘free, gone’ (eng) |
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*bulig | ‘stretcher’ (eng); ‘usung’ (ind) |
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*buliʔ | ‘butt’ (eng); ‘pantat’ (ind) |
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*buloy | ‘husband and wife, marry’ (eng); ‘suami/istri, kawin’ (ind) |
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*bulud | ‘mountain’ (eng); ‘gunung’ (ind) |
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*buluq | ‘bamboo’ (eng); ‘bambu, buluh’ (ind) |
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*bunak | ‘dibble’ (eng); ‘menugal’ (ind) |
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*buŋalawa(ŋ) | ‘clove’ (eng); ‘cengkih’ (ind); ‘Eugenia aromatica’ (lat) |
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*buŋa(ŋ) | ‘flower’ (eng); ‘bunga’ (ind) |
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*buŋayon | ‘sand’ (eng); ‘pasir’ (ind) |
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*buŋaʔ | ‘tip (numeral classifier for objects that are round and elongated)’ (eng); ‘ujung (kata bantu bilangan untuk benda yang bulat memanjang)’ (ind) |
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*buŋin | ‘sand in the waterless part of the river’ (eng); ‘pasir di bagian sungai yang tak berair’ (ind) |
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*buni | ‘hide’ (eng); ‘sembunyi’ (ind) |
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*bunod | ‘congested’ (eng); ‘padat’ (ind) |
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*buntu | ‘heap, pile’ (eng); ‘timbunan, onggokan’ (ind) |
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*buok | ‘hair’ (eng); ‘rambut’ (ind) |
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*buoy | ‘mung beans’ (eng); ‘kacang hijau’ (ind) |
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*buRa | ‘boiling’ (eng); ‘mendidih’ (ind) |
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*buRak | ‘pistil, ovary’ (eng); ‘putik, bakal buah’ (ind) |
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*buRotok | ‘little mosquito’ (eng); ‘nyamuk kecil’ (ind) |
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*buRuk | ‘rotten, bad’ (eng); ‘busuk, buruk’ (ind) |
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*busuŋ | ‘curse’ (eng); ‘kutuk, laknat’ (ind) |
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*butaʔ | ‘land’ (eng); ‘tanah’ (ind) |
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*butig | ‘granules or small round objects’ (eng); ‘butiran atau benda kecil yang bulat’ (ind) |
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*butitiʔ | ‘ko. small sea fish with a big stomach’ (eng); ‘sej. ikan laut kecil yang perutnya besar’ (ind) |
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*butul | ‘rope knot’ (eng); ‘simpul tali’ (ind) |
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*butuʔ | ‘testicles’ (eng); ‘buah pelir’ (ind) |
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*(d,g)imukud | ‘good spirits, spirit of a deceased person’ (eng); ‘roh yang baik, roh orang yang sudah meninggal’ (ind) |
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*(d,l)abuʔ | ‘fall’ (eng); ‘jatuh’ (ind) |
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*(d,l)ondis | ‘nine’ (eng); ‘sembilu’ (ind) |
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*dagat | ‘sea water’ (eng); ‘air laut’ (ind) |
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*dagit | ‘kidnap, sambar, e.g. chicks by eagles’ (eng); ‘culik, sambar, mis. anak ayam oleh elang’ (ind) |
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*dagum | ‘needle’ (eng); ‘jarum’ (ind) |
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*dais | ‘finished’ (eng); ‘habis’ (ind) |
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*dait | ‘name’ (eng); ‘nama’ (ind) |
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*daki | ‘climb’ (eng); ‘daki’ (ind) |
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*dakit | ‘flame (of fire), spread (of fire from one place to another)’ (eng); ‘menyala (tentang api), menjalar (tentang api dari satu tempat ke tempat lain)’ (ind) |
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*dalan | ‘road’ (eng); ‘jalan’ (ind) |
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*dalom | ‘in’ (eng); ‘dalam’ (ind) |
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*damag | ‘resin’ (eng); ‘damar’ (ind); ‘Dammara cerebica’ (lat) |
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*daŋat | ‘crash’ (eng); ‘tabrak’ (ind) |
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*danow | ‘lake’ (eng); ‘danau’ (ind) |
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*dantug | ‘overlap’ (eng); ‘tindih’ (ind) |
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*dapat | ‘until, arrive’ (eng); ‘sampai, tiba’ (ind) |
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*daRag | ‘yellow’ (eng); ‘kuning, berwarna kuning’ (ind) |
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*dasog | ‘load’ (eng); ‘muat, muatan’ (ind) |
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*datag | ‘plain, level’ (eng) |
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*datu | ‘king’ (eng); ‘raja’ (ind) |
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*dauʔ | ‘ko. wood’ (eng); ‘sej. kayu’ (ind); ‘Dracontomelon macrocarpum’ (lat) |
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*diaʔ | ‘not’ (eng); ‘tidak’ (ind) |
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*didiʔ | ‘boil’ (eng); ‘mendidih’ (ind) |
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*dilat | ‘lick’ (eng); ‘jilat’ (ind) |
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*dilaʔ | ‘tongue’ (eng); ‘lidah’ (ind) |
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*dindiŋ | ‘wall’ (eng); ‘dinding’ (ind) |
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*diug | ‘near’ (eng); ‘dekat’ (ind) |
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*dodap | ‘tiger's claw, Indian coral tree’ (eng); ‘pohon dedap’ (ind); ‘Erythrina indica’ (lat) |
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*dodob | ‘chest’ (eng); ‘dada’ (ind) |
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*dodok | ‘mash, e.g. pounding rice’ (eng); ‘tumbuk, mis. menumbuk padi’ (ind) |
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*dodop | ‘early in the morning’ (eng); ‘pagi-pagi’ (ind) |
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*dolop | ‘dive’ (eng); ‘selam, menyelam’ (ind) |
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*doman | ‘also, as well’ (eng); ‘juga, demikian juga’ (ind) |
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*domok | ‘catch, e.g. catch chickens’ (eng); ‘tangkap, menangkap mis. menangkap ayam’ (ind) |
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*doŋog | ‘hear’ (eng); ‘dengar’ (ind) |
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*dopiʔ | ‘board’ (eng); ‘papan’ (ind) |
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*dorot | ‘overlap, pierce’ (eng); ‘tindih, tindis’ (ind) |
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*doRua | ‘two’ (eng); ‘dua’ (ind) |
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*duayow | ‘white stork’ (eng); ‘bangau putih’ (ind) |
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*dugaŋ | ‘plus’ (eng); ‘tambah’ (ind) |
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*dugi | ‘thorns’ (eng); ‘duri’ (ind) |
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*duguʔ | ‘blood’ (eng); ‘darah’ (ind) |
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*dulak | ‘bow (of a boat)’ (eng); ‘haluan (pada perahu)’ (ind) |
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*dulaŋ | ‘tray’ (eng); ‘dulang’ (ind) |
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*dulud | ‘shinbone’ (eng); ‘tulang kering’ (ind) |
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*duŋaʔ | ‘nod (of the head)’ (eng); ‘angguk (tentang kepala)’ (ind) |
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*dupaʔ | ‘forge, e.g. forge iron’ (eng); ‘tempa, mis. menempa besi’ (ind) |
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*duRaʔ | ‘saliva’ (eng); ‘ludah’ (ind) |
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*dusunan | ‘river, part of the river where you bathe’ (eng); ‘sungai, bagian sungai tempat mandi’ (ind) |
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*gakit(a) | ‘raft’ (eng); ‘rakit’ (ind) |
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*gakut | ‘tie’ (eng); ‘ikat’ (ind) |
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*gale | ‘small prawns, baby shrimp’ (eng); ‘udang yang halus, anak udang’ (ind) |
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*galum | ‘family’ (eng); ‘keluarga’ (ind) |
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*gamaʔ | ‘take’ (eng); ‘ambil’ (ind) |
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*gantaŋ | ‘bushel’ (eng); ‘gantang’ (ind) |
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*gapus | ‘hug, embrace’ (eng); ‘peluk, rangkul’ (ind) |
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*gasut | ‘hundred’ (eng); ‘ratus’ (ind) |
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*gau | ‘cigarette’ (eng); ‘rokok’ (ind) |
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*gian | ‘jealous’ (eng); ‘cemburu’ (ind) |
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*gigis | ‘rub, clean’ (eng); ‘gosok, membersihkan’ (ind) |
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*gina(w)a | ‘like, want to’ (eng); ‘suka, mau’ (ind) |
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*giow | ‘noisy, commotion’ (eng); ‘ribut, keributan’ (ind) |
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*gioy | ‘stick’ (eng); ‘lidi’ (ind) |
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*girud | ‘pull, tug’ (eng); ‘tarik, hela’ (ind) |
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*gisiŋ(a) | ‘hair that grows between the ears and temples’ (eng); ‘rambut yang tumbuh di antara telinga dan pelipis’ (ind) |
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*gobiʔi | ‘evening’ (eng); ‘malam’ (ind) |
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*godom | ‘brood’ (eng); ‘eram’ (ind) |
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*gogaRi | ‘rest’ (eng); ‘istirahat’ (ind) |
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*gogoRon | ‘hungry’ (eng); ‘lapar’ (ind) |
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*gogutuʔ | ‘behavior’ (eng); ‘tingkah laku’ (ind) |
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*golokap | ‘#VALUE!’ (eng) |
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*golopak | ‘kicking sound, e.g. kick sound’ (eng); ‘bunyi 'pak', mis. bunyi sepakan’ (ind) |
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*golotup | ‘explode, erupt’ (eng); ‘letup, letus’ (ind) |
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*gonugur | ‘concussion (a resounding sound, e.g. thunder)’ (eng); ‘gegar (bunyi yang bergegar, mis. bunyi halilintar)’ (ind) |
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*gosiʔan | ‘rattan whose stems are quite smooth’ (eng); ‘rotan yang batangnya agak halus’ (ind) |
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*gugur | ‘shake’ (eng); ‘goyang, guncang’ (ind) |
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*guman | ‘speak, say’ (eng); ‘bilang, katakan’ (ind) |
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*gumaʔ | ‘machete sheath’ (eng); ‘sarung parang’ (ind) |
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*gumuk | ‘buzz’ (eng); ‘dengung, dengungan’ (ind) |
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*gupis | ‘pinch’ (eng); ‘jepit’ (ind) |
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*guRa-guRaŋ | ‘older brother’ (eng); ‘kakak’ (ind) |
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*guRaŋ | ‘old’ (eng); ‘tua’ (ind) |
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*gusuk | ‘rib’ (eng); ‘rusuk’ (ind) |
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*guʔal | ‘lever’ (eng); ‘tuas, pengungkit’ (ind) |
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*guʔod | ‘still young, not yet cooked e.g. fruit’ (eng); ‘masih muda, belum masak mis. buah-buhahan’ (ind) |
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*guʔos | ‘gum’ (eng); ‘gusi’ (ind) |
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*inaʔ | ‘mother’ (eng); ‘ibu’ (ind) |
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*indeʔ | ‘mother’ (eng); ‘ibu’ (ind) |
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*iŋkag | ‘dry’ (eng); ‘kering’ (ind) |
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*ipus | ‘tail’ (eng); ‘ekor’ (ind) |
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*iRok | ‘armpit’ (eng); ‘ketiak’ (ind) |
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*iRup | ‘blow’ (eng); ‘tiup’ (ind) |
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*jaŋkal | ‘inappropriate, not quite right’ (eng); ‘tidak pantas, kurang beres’ (ind) |
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*(k,p)oRuntuŋ | ‘dandruff, dirt on the scalp’ (eng); ‘ketombe, kotoran di kulit kepala’ (ind) |
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*kabal | ‘invulnerable (of the body)’ (eng); ‘kebal (tentang badan)’ (ind) |
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*kabauŋaʔ | ‘basket’ (eng); ‘bakul’ (ind) |
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*kabilaʔ | ‘container for betel vine and areca nut’ (eng); ‘cerana (tempat sirih dan pinang)’ (ind) |
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*kais | ‘cow, sweep’ (eng); ‘sapi, menyapu’ (ind) |
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*kait | ‘hook’ (eng); ‘kait’ (ind) |
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*kali | ‘dig’ (eng); ‘gali’ (ind) |
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*kalibombaŋ | ‘butterfly’ (eng); ‘kupu-kupu’ (ind) |
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*kalow | ‘hornbill’ (eng); ‘burung taon’ (ind) |
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*kami | ‘we (excl)’ (eng); ‘kami’ (ind) |
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*kamu | ‘you’ (eng); ‘anda’ (ind) |
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*kapi(n,ŋ) | ‘more (in total e.g. one hundred more)’ (eng); ‘lebih (di dalam jumlah mis. seratus lebih)’ (ind) |
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*kapos | ‘cotton thread (spun by yourself)’ (eng); ‘benang dari kapas (yang dipintal sendiri)’ (ind) |
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*karit | ‘scratched, get scratched, e.g. body skin by nails’ (eng); ‘tergores, kena goresan, mis. kulit badan oleh paku’ (ind) |
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*kaRug | ‘shave, e.g. shave hair, grate (measuring coconut)’ (eng); ‘cukur, mis. mencukur rambut, kukur (mengukur kelapa)’ (ind) |
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*karut | ‘scratches, tear, e.g. clothes torn from being scratched by nails’ (eng); ‘goresan, robekan, mis. baju robek karena tergores paku’ (ind) |
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*kasiʔ | ‘pity (interjection)’ (eng); ‘kasihan (kata seru)’ (ind) |
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*kasow | ‘rafters (on a house)’ (eng); ‘kasau (pada rumah)’ (ind) |
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*katig | ‘outrigger, carrier (on a boat)’ (eng); ‘katir, penggandung (pada perahu)’ (ind) |
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*kayab | ‘fan (body fan if the air is hot)’ (eng); ‘kipas (pengipas badan jika udara panas)’ (ind) |
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*kayu | ‘wood’ (eng); ‘kayu’ (ind) |
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*kaʔan | ‘eat’ (eng); ‘makan’ (ind) |
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*kekeb | ‘big wound that won't heal’ (eng); ‘luka besar yang tak kunjung sembuh’ (ind) |
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*kidit | ‘small, narrow’ (eng); ‘kecil, sempit’ (ind) |
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*kikil | ‘bite’ (eng); ‘gigit’ (ind) |
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*kikis | ‘scrape’ (eng); ‘kikis’ (ind) |
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*kilat | ‘lightning’ (eng); ‘kilat’ (ind) |
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*kiŋkim | ‘hem, sew the edge of the shirt’ (eng); ‘kelim, menjahit bagian pinggir baju’ (ind) |
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*kintid | ‘large veins on the heel’ (eng); ‘urat besar pada tumit’ (ind) |
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*kiput | ‘small, tight, e.g. about the size of the clothes’ (eng); ‘kecil, sesak, mis. tentang ukuran baju’ (ind) |
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*kiRap | ‘blink (of the eyes)’ (eng); ‘kedip (tentang mata)’ (ind) |
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*kire | ‘forehead’ (eng); ‘kening’ (ind) |
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*kiri(k,t) | ‘shout’ (eng); ‘teriak’ (ind) |
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*kita | ‘we (incl)’ (eng); ‘kita’ (ind) |
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*kogaŋ | ‘wounded skin that has hardened’ (eng); ‘kulit luka yang telah mengeras’ (ind) |
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*kokab | ‘opening or flapping wings (of birds or chickens if they want to fly)’ (eng); ‘membuka atau mengepakkan sayap (tentang burung atau ayam jika akan terbang)’ (ind) |
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*kokap | ‘touch, grope (in the dark)’ (eng); ‘raba, meraba (di dalam gelap)’ (ind) |
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*kokob | ‘chew’ (eng); ‘kunyah’ (ind) |
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*kokod | ‘hug, embrace’ (eng); ‘peluk, rangkul’ (ind) |
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*kolawag | ‘turmeric’ (eng); ‘kunyit’ (ind); ‘Curcuma’ (lat) |
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*kolikip | ‘wings (in birds)’ (eng); ‘sayap (pada unggas)’ (ind) |
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*koloanan | ‘right’ (eng); ‘kanan’ (ind) |
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*koloigi | ‘left’ (eng); ‘kiri’ (ind) |
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*koloŋ | ‘large chunks, e.g. logs’ (eng); ‘potongan besar, mis. batang kayu’ (ind) |
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*komalig | ‘palace’ (eng); ‘istana’ (ind) |
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*kombiloy | ‘ko. mango’ (eng); ‘sej. mangga’ (ind); ‘Mangifera indica’ (lat) |
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*kombos | ‘ko. guava’ (eng); ‘sej. jambu’ (ind); ‘Eugenia’ (lat) |
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*kompit | ‘sticky’ (eng); ‘lekat, lengket’ (ind) |
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*kompoŋ | ‘stomach (food bag)’ (eng); ‘perut (kantong makanan)’ (ind) |
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*kon | ‘in, It is in, located in’ (eng); ‘di, ada di, berada di’ (ind) |
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*ko(ŋ)kaRugan | ‘coconut shavings’ (eng); ‘kukuran kelapa’ (ind) |
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*koŋkom | ‘fist’ (eng); ‘genggam’ (ind) |
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*konuku | ‘nail’ (eng); ‘kuku’ (ind) |
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*koRak | ‘phlegm (which comes out of the mouth when coughing)’ (eng); ‘dahak (yang keluar dari mulut ketika batuk)’ (ind) |
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*koRoŋian | ‘(person) noble, (class) nobles’ (eng); ‘(orang) bangsawan, (golongan) ningrat’ (ind) |
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*koRoŋkam | ‘chicken lice (white)’ (eng); ‘kutu ayam (berwarna putih)’ (ind) |
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*koRot | ‘hazy (versus clear, about water)’ (eng); ‘kabur (lawan jernih, tentang air)’ (ind) |
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*koRow | ‘message’ (eng); ‘pesan’ (ind) |
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*korut | ‘pinch’ (eng); ‘cubit’ (ind) |
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*kosili | ‘bullock fish’ (eng); ‘ikan bulit’ (ind) |
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*kosiŋ | ‘laugh’ (eng); ‘tertawa’ (ind) |
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*koyaŋkaʔ | ‘dry coconut leaves’ (eng); ‘daun kelapa yang kering’ (ind) |
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*kude(p,t)eŋ | ‘crocodile’ (eng); ‘buaya’ (ind) |
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*kukub | ‘closed’ (eng); ‘tutup’ (ind) |
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*kukud | ‘scratch’ (eng); ‘garuk’ (ind) |
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*kukulan | ‘device for making announcements to the public, made from a piece of bamboo that is hollowed out lengthwise and beaten with a piece of wood’ (eng); ‘tetengkoran (alat pemanggil khalayak terbuat dari seruas bambu yang dilubangi membujur dan dipukul dengan sepotong kayu)’ (ind) |
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*kukup | ‘surrounded (human body swamped by ants), wrapped’ (eng); ‘dikerumuni (badan manusia oleh semut), dibungkus’ (ind) |
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*kulau(g) | ‘mix, mix up’ (eng); ‘campur, campur baur’ (ind) |
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*kulit | ‘skin’ (eng); ‘kulit’ (ind) |
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*kulug | ‘shave or shave (of hair)’ (eng); ‘cukur atau menggunduli (tentang rambut)’ (ind) |
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*kumonsi | ‘breadfruit’ (eng); ‘sukun’ (ind); ‘Artocarpus sp.’ (lat) |
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*kuŋkum | ‘curved, bent’ (eng); ‘lengkung, bengkok’ (ind) |
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*kunsiʔ | ‘key’ (eng); ‘kunci’ (ind) |
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*kuon | ‘so and so, something’ (eng); ‘anu, sesuatu’ (ind) |
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*kupa | ‘ko. guava’ (eng); ‘sej. jambu’ (ind); ‘Eugenia malaccensis’ (lat) |
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*kupi(t) | ‘fold’ (eng); ‘lipat’ (ind) |
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*kuRaŋa | ‘hibiscus’ (eng); ‘kembang sepatu’ (ind); ‘Hibiscus rosa-sinensis’ (lat) |
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*kuRo(n,ŋ) | ‘pot’ (eng); ‘belanga’ (ind) |
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*kusoy | ‘cuscus’ (eng); ‘kuskus’ (ind); ‘Phalangista ursina’ (lat) |
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*kutu | ‘flea’ (eng); ‘kutu’ (ind) |
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*kuʔak | ‘shout’ (eng); ‘teriak’ (ind) |
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*lagaʔ | ‘big red ant’ (eng); ‘semut besar berwarna merah’ (ind) |
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*laguy | ‘run, run away’ (eng); ‘lari, minggat’ (ind) |
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*lai | ‘bunch (of coconuts)’ (eng); ‘tandan (tentang buah kelapa)’ (ind) |
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*laig | ‘dangau’ (eng); ‘dangau’ (ind) |
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*lakow | ‘go, walk’ (eng); ‘pergi, berjalan’ (ind) |
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*lamag | ‘smooth and shiny’ (eng); ‘licin dan berkilat’ (ind) |
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*lambuŋ | ‘dress’ (eng); ‘baju’ (ind) |
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*lamenat | ‘fast, deft’ (eng); ‘cepat, cekatan’ (ind) |
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*lampaŋ | ‘long steps’ (eng); ‘langkah yang panjang’ (ind) |
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*lana | ‘coconut oil’ (eng); ‘minyak kelapa’ (ind) |
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*laŋit | ‘sky’ (eng); ‘langit’ (ind) |
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*laŋkapan | ‘termite’ (eng); ‘ani-ani’ (ind) |
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*laŋou (2) | ‘drunk’ (eng); ‘mabuk’ (ind) |
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*laŋow (1) | ‘fly’ (eng); ‘lalat’ (ind) |
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*lanit | ‘sharp’ (eng); ‘tajam’ (ind) |
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*lansat | ‘langsat’ (eng); ‘langsat’ (ind); ‘Lansium domesticum’ (lat) |
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*lansik | ‘jump’ (eng); ‘lompat’ (ind) |
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*lantak | ‘float’ (eng); ‘terapung’ (ind) |
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*lantuŋ | ‘pet confinement’ (eng); ‘kurungan binatang peliharaan’ (ind) |
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*lapas | ‘finished’ (eng); ‘selesai, rampung’ (ind) |
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*lapaʔ | ‘short machete’ (eng); ‘parang pendek’ (ind) |
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*la(w)at | ‘rare’ (eng); ‘jarang’ (ind) |
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*layag | ‘sail’ (eng); ‘layar’ (ind) |
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*layaŋ | ‘throw away’ (eng); ‘buang’ (ind) |
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*layug | ‘tall, fly’ (eng); ‘tinggi, melayang’ (ind) |
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*leʔad | ‘straighten teeth’ (eng); ‘memepat atau meratakan gigi’ (ind) |
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*libano | ‘wash hands’ (eng); ‘mencuci tangan’ (ind) |
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*libod | ‘winding, circumference’ (eng); ‘lilit, lingkar’ (ind) |
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*libogoʔ | ‘umbrella mushroom’ (eng); ‘cendawan payung’ (ind) |
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*libuton | ‘island’ (eng); ‘pulau’ (ind) |
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*ligaonan | ‘fishing rod’ (eng); ‘tangkai pancing’ (ind) |
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*ligis | ‘crazy’ (eng); ‘gilas’ (ind) |
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*lika | ‘bedbug’ (eng); ‘kutu busuk’ (ind) |
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*lilid | ‘roll’ (eng); ‘guling’ (ind) |
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*lima | ‘five, hand’ (eng); ‘lima, tangan’ (ind) |
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*limas | ‘pyramid, sauk (of water)’ (eng); ‘limas, sauk (tentang air)’ (ind) |
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*limbuŋ | ‘round’ (eng); ‘bulat, bundar’ (ind) |
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*limod | ‘silent murder (in a quiet place)’ (eng); ‘pembunuhan secara diam-diam (di tempat yang sunyi)’ (ind) |
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*limpudoŋ | ‘imitate the round one’ (eng); ‘nyiru yang bundar’ (ind) |
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*limu | ‘orange, lime’ (eng); ‘jeruk, limau’ (ind); ‘Citrus sp.’ (lat) |
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*limumug | ‘gargle’ (eng); ‘kumur’ (ind) |
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*liŋaŋas | ‘hot (of the body when sweating)’ (eng); ‘panas (tentang badan ketika berkeringat)’ (ind) |
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*liŋkag | ‘fast (of how to walk)’ (eng); ‘cepat (tentang cara berjalan)’ (ind) |
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*liŋkis | ‘bracelet’ (eng); ‘gelang’ (ind) |
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*liŋkop | ‘closed’ (eng); ‘tutup’ (ind) |
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*linow | ‘pool (deep part of the river)’ (eng); ‘lubuk (bagian sungai yang dalam)’ (ind) |
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*lintaʔ | ‘leech’ (eng); ‘lintah’ (ind) |
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*linug | ‘earthquake’ (eng); ‘gempa bumi’ (ind) |
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*liod | ‘footstep’ (eng); ‘jejak’ (ind) |
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*lioŋ | ‘forget’ (eng); ‘lupa’ (ind) |
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*lipat | ‘forget’ (eng); ‘lupa’ (ind) |
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*lipuʔ | ‘country, village’ (eng); ‘negeri, kampung’ (ind) |
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*lisaʔ | ‘lice eggs’ (eng); ‘telur kutu’ (ind) |
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*litod | ‘twisted (of rope)’ (eng); ‘pilin (tentang tali)’ (ind) |
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*lituʔ | ‘sit down’ (eng); ‘duduk’ (ind) |
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*loboŋ | ‘plant, bury’ (eng); ‘tanam, kubur’ (ind) |
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*logot | ‘bone’ (eng); ‘ketulangan’ (ind) |
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*lokad | ‘raised, out of place’ (eng); ‘terangkat, keluar dari tempatnya’ (ind) |
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*lokat | ‘peel, release from attachment’ (eng); ‘mengupas, melepaskan dari lekatan’ (ind) |
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*lolaki | ‘man’ (eng); ‘laki-laki’ (ind) |
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*loleŋkelan | ‘kettle’ (eng); ‘cerek’ (ind) |
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*lolosobon | ‘crown’ (eng); ‘ubun-ubun’ (ind) |
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*lomontik | ‘large black ants’ (eng); ‘semut hitam yang besar badannya’ (ind) |
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*lomos | ‘drown to death’ (eng); ‘mati tenggelam’ (ind) |
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*lompias | ‘starfruit’ (eng); ‘belimbing’ (ind); ‘Averrhoa blimbi, Averrhoa carambola’ (lat) |
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*loŋa | ‘ko. banana’ (eng); ‘sej. pisang (pisang tanduk)’ (ind) |
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*loŋkab | ‘large cuts or incisions’ (eng); ‘potongan atau sayatan besar’ (ind) |
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*loŋuŋu | ‘nape’ (eng); ‘tengkuk’ (ind) |
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*losiŋ | ‘vinegar, sour’ (eng); ‘cuka, asam’ (ind) |
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*losuŋ | ‘mortar’ (eng); ‘lesung’ (ind) |
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*losut | ‘hollow, holes (especially the bottom/butt)’ (eng); ‘bolong, berlubang (terutama bagian bawah/pantat)’ (ind) |
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*loto | ‘basket’ (eng); ‘bakul’ (ind) |
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*luag | ‘loose, e.g. clothes size’ (eng); ‘longgar, mis. ukuran baju’ (ind) |
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*luaʔ | ‘tears’ (eng); ‘air mata’ (ind) |
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*lubid | ‘twisted (of rope)’ (eng); ‘pilin (tentang tali)’ (ind) |
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*lugus | ‘betel nut’ (eng); ‘pinang’ (ind); ‘Areca catecha’ (lat) |
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*lukad | ‘keep, guard’ (eng); ‘jaga, menjaga’ (ind) |
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*luli | ‘healed’ (eng); ‘sembuh’ (ind) |
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*lulut | ‘cook using bamboo strips as a container’ (eng); ‘memasak dengan menggunakan seruas bambu sebagai wadahnya’ (ind) |
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*lumbuʔ | ‘throw away’ (eng); ‘buang’ (ind) |
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*lumpiŋ | ‘weak, sluggish’ (eng); ‘lemah, lesu’ (ind) |
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*lumut | ‘moss’ (eng); ‘lumut’ (ind); ‘Musci, Najas celebica’ (lat) |
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*lunow | ‘green’ (eng); ‘hijau’ (ind) |
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*lupug | ‘lazy, weak’ (eng); ‘malas, lemah’ (ind) |
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*lutan | ‘shoot’ (eng); ‘tembak’ (ind) |
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*luton | ‘fire’ (eng); ‘api’ (ind) |
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*lutuʔ | ‘cook’ (eng); ‘masak’ (ind) |
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*ma(g)iʔ | ‘let, here’ (eng); ‘mari, ke mari’ (ind) |
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*mamaʔ | ‘betel’ (eng); ‘sirih’ (ind) |
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*mamaʔan | ‘areca nut’ (eng); ‘pinang’ (ind); ‘Areca catechu)’ (lat) |
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*maŋkubiʔ | ‘demon’ (eng); ‘setan’ (ind) |
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*manuk | ‘chicken’ (eng); ‘ayam’ (ind) |
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*mata | ‘eye’ (eng); ‘mata’ (ind) |
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*matoy | ‘dead’ (eng); ‘mati’ (ind) |
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*minaŋa | ‘river’ (eng); ‘sungai’ (ind) |
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*mo(b)aliʔ | ‘can’ (eng); ‘boleh’ (ind) |
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*monag | ‘down’ (eng); ‘turun’ (ind) |
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*moŋodeaga | ‘girl, virgin’ (eng); ‘gadis, dara’ (ind) |
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*moŋom | ‘why’ (eng); ‘mengapa’ (ind) |
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*mula | ‘plant’ (eng); ‘tanam’ (ind) |
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*(m)una | ‘at first’ (eng); ‘mula-mula’ (ind) |
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*munsoŋ | ‘snot, dirt nose’ (eng); ‘ingus, kotoran hidung’ (ind) |
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*(n,d)igu | ‘ko. winnowing tray’ (eng); ‘nyiru’ (ind) |
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*(n,l)aŋuy | ‘swim’ (eng); ‘berenang’ (ind) |
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*nam(b)ug | ‘dew (which sticks to the grass)’ (eng); ‘embun (yang melekat di rerumputan)’ (ind) |
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*nanam | ‘taste of food’ (eng); ‘rasa makanan’ (ind) |
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*nanaʔ | ‘pus’ (eng); ‘nanah’ (ind) |
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*naŋga | ‘jackfruit’ (eng); ‘nangka’ (ind); ‘Artocarpus integrifolia’ (lat) |
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*natu | ‘egg’ (eng); ‘telur’ (ind) |
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*ŋaŋa | ‘mouth’ (eng); ‘mulut’ (ind) |
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*ŋantiŋanti(ŋ) | ‘earrings’ (eng); ‘anting-anting’ (ind) |
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*ŋipon | ‘tooth’ (eng); ‘gigi’ (ind) |
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*(ŋ)iRuŋ | ‘nose’ (eng); ‘hidung’ (ind) |
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*ŋisi | ‘open and shows teeth’ (eng); ‘membuka mulut seraya menampakkan gigi’ (ind) |
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*ŋoŋot | ‘pain’ (eng); ‘kesakitan’ (ind) |
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*nilu | ‘hurt’ (eng); ‘ngilu’ (ind) |
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*ninis | ‘rub’ (eng); ‘gosok’ (ind) |
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*nipaʔ | ‘ko. palm’ (eng); ‘nipah’ (ind); ‘Nipa fructicans’ (lat) |
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*noŋko | ‘from, came from’ (eng); ‘dari, berasal dari’ (ind) |
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*noŋonu | ‘why’ (eng); ‘mengapa’ (ind) |
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*nunuk | ‘banyan tree’ (eng); ‘pohon beringin’ (ind); ‘Ficus benjamina’ (lat) |
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*(o)baga | ‘shoulder’ (eng); ‘bahu’ (ind) |
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*(o)batog | ‘ko. white caterpillar the size of a thumb’ (eng); ‘sej. ulat berwarna putih sebesar ibu jari tangan’ (ind) |
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*olad | ‘split’ (eng); ‘terbelah’ (ind) |
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*(o)limaŋow | ‘big crab’ (eng); ‘kepiting besar’ (ind) |
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*(o)lua(n)ti | ‘worm’ (eng); ‘cacing’ (ind) |
||
*omut | ‘fragrant’ (eng); ‘harum’ (ind) |
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*ondok | ‘afraid’ (eng); ‘takut’ (ind) |
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*onow | ‘cold’ (eng); ‘dingin’ (ind) |
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*(o)poRu | ‘bile’ (eng); ‘empedu’ (ind) |
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*oRaʔ | ‘embarrassed’ (eng); ‘malu’ (ind) |
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*oyod | ‘press’ (eng); ‘tekan’ (ind) |
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*padaŋ | ‘kunai grass’ (eng); ‘alang-alang’ (ind); ‘Imperata arundinacea’ (lat) |
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*pagi | ‘stingray’ (eng); ‘ikan pari’ (ind) |
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*pajanaŋan | ‘antique copper lamp’ (eng); ‘lampu antik dari tembaga’ (ind) |
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*(pa)joŋkeʔ | ‘ko. traditional dances’ (eng); ‘sej. tarian tradisional’ (ind) |
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*paki(a,ʔ) | ‘top’ (eng); ‘gasing’ (ind) |
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*pakuʔ | ‘fern’ (eng); ‘sayur paku’ (ind); ‘Asplenium esculentum’ (lat) |
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*palad | ‘footprint (hand or foot)’ (eng); ‘tapak (tangan atau kaki)’ (ind) |
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*palempaŋ | ‘midrib, e.g. coconut leaf midrib’ (eng); ‘pelepah, mis. pelepah daun kelapa’ (ind) |
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*paliaʔ | ‘bitter gourd’ (eng); ‘paria’ (ind); ‘Momordica charantia’ (lat) |
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*palit | ‘around, surround’ (eng); ‘keliling, mengelilingi’ (ind) |
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*paliʔ | ‘wound’ (eng); ‘luka’ (ind) |
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*palut | ‘finished’ (eng); ‘selesai, rampung’ (ind) |
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*pampiŋ | ‘move’ (eng); ‘pindah’ (ind) |
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*panas | ‘sick’ (eng); ‘sakit’ (ind) |
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*panaʔ | ‘arrow’ (eng); ‘panah’ (ind) |
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*pandiŋ | ‘water jug’ (eng); ‘tempayan’ (ind) |
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*paŋi | ‘pangi tree, the leaves are edible’ (eng); ‘pohon pangi, daunnya dapat dimakan’ (ind); ‘Pangium edule’ (lat) |
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*paŋimpaʔ | ‘embankment (in rice fields)’ (eng); ‘pematang (di sawah)’ (ind) |
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*paŋkoy | ‘stalk, e.g. flower stalk’ (eng); ‘tangkai, mis. tangkai bunga’ (ind) |
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*paŋkul | ‘o'clock, wrought’ (eng); ‘pukul, tempa’ (ind) |
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*paRoy | ‘rice’ (eng); ‘padi’ (ind); ‘Oriza sativa’ (lat) |
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*pasat | ‘bright, clear (of sight)’ (eng); ‘terang, jelas (tentang penglihatan)’ (ind) |
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*pasig | ‘coral (in the middle of the sea)’ (eng); ‘karang (di tengah laut)’ (ind) |
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*pasok | ‘stake (fence post)’ (eng); ‘pancang (tiang pagar)’ (ind) |
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*pasuʔ | ‘hot’ (eng); ‘panas’ (ind) |
||
*pataʔ | ‘sheet’ (eng); ‘lembar, helai’ (ind) |
||
*patoy | ‘kill’ (eng); ‘bunuh’ (ind) |
||
*patuju | ‘objective, meaning’ (eng); ‘tujuan, maksud’ (ind) |
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*pa(ʔ,w)a | ‘thigh’ (eng); ‘paha’ (ind) |
||
*paʔan | ‘bait’ (eng); ‘umpan’ (ind) |
||
*paʔit | ‘bitter’ (eng); ‘pahit’ (ind) |
||
*peŋko(l) | ‘club (of the foot)’ (eng); ‘pengkor (tentang kaki)’ (ind) |
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*pigis | ‘beam on the floor of the house’ (eng); ‘balok pada lantai rumah’ (ind) |
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*piliʔ | ‘choose’ (eng); ‘pilih, memilih’ (ind) |
||
*piŋi | ‘huddled together, e.g. about bananas’ (eng); ‘berdempet, mis. tentang buah pisang’ (ind) |
||
*pinsud | ‘stumble, e.g. stone feet when walking’ (eng); ‘terantuk, mis. kaki batu ketika berjalan’ (ind) |
||
*pintad | ‘beach’ (eng); ‘pantai’ (ind) |
||
*pipid | ‘arrange (to be orderly, of elongated objects)’ (eng); ‘susun, menyusun (supaya teratur, tentang benda-benda yang memanjang)’ (ind) |
||
*pipik | ‘dodge, flounder’ (eng); ‘tepis, gelepar’ (ind) |
||
*pipis | ‘chick’ (eng); ‘anak ayam’ (ind) |
||
*pipiʔ | ‘wash’ (eng); ‘cuci’ (ind) |
||
*piRa | ‘good’ (eng); ‘baik’ (ind) |
||
*pisok | ‘blind in one eye’ (eng); ‘buta mata sebelah’ (ind) |
||
*pisow | ‘knife’ (eng); ‘pisau’ (ind) |
||
*pitotan | ‘tight knot’ (eng); ‘ikatan yang erat’ (ind) |
||
*pitu | ‘seven’ (eng); ‘tujuh’ (ind) |
||
*podilas | ‘spleen’ (eng); ‘limpa’ (ind) |
||
*pogi(ʔ,aʔ) | ‘other, another, except’ (eng); ‘lain, yang lain, kecuali’ (ind) |
||
*polok | ‘short’ (eng); ‘pendek’ (ind) |
||
*pompaŋ | ‘cliff on the river bank’ (eng); ‘tebing di tepi sungai’ (ind) |
||
*pomponu | ‘turtle’ (eng); ‘kura-kura’ (ind) |
||
*po(m)poriʔ | ‘sting, painful’ (eng); ‘perih, pedih’ (ind) |
||
*ponag | ‘down’ (eng); ‘turun’ (ind) |
||
*pondam(a) | ‘feeling’ (eng); ‘perasaan’ (ind) |
||
*pondos | ‘ko. rattan’ (eng); ‘sej. rotan’ (ind) |