Usup (1986a): Proto-Gorontalo-Mongondow
Search entries
| Headword | IPA | Glosses | |
|---|---|---|---|
| *aaRak | ‘search, look for’; ‘cari, mencari’ |
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| *akut | ‘transport’; ‘angkut’ |
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| *ala | ‘take’; ‘ambil’ |
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| *(a)libobag | ‘rainbow’; ‘pelangi, benang raja’ |
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| *ama | ‘father’; ‘ayah’ |
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| *a(n)saŋ | ‘gills (of fish)’; ‘insang (pada ikan)’ |
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| *anud | ‘drift’; ‘hanyut’ |
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| *aRi | ‘younger brother’; ‘adik’ |
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| *aRok | ‘kiss’; ‘cium’ |
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| *baba | ‘support’; ‘dukung’ |
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| *bagaŋ | ‘lower jaw’; ‘rahang bawah’ |
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| *bagat | ‘attic (at home)’; ‘loteng (pada rumah)’ |
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| *bagaʔ | ‘swollen, swelling’; ‘bengkak, bengkakan’ |
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| *bagu | ‘kind of vegetable’; ‘sejenis sayur’; ‘Gnetum gnemon’ |
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| *bagu | ‘new’; ‘baru’ |
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| *-bai | ‘woman’; ‘perempuan’ |
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| *bakid | ‘meeting, deliberation’; ‘pertemuan, permusyawaratan’ |
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| *bakul | ‘snare’; ‘jerat’ |
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| *bakut | ‘wrap’; ‘bungkus’ |
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| *balaŋon | ‘sea’; ‘laut’ |
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| *baloa | ‘ko. anchovy’; ‘sej. ikan teri’ |
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| *baloŋkaʔ | ‘ko. melon’; ‘sambiki’; ‘Lagenaria hispida’ |
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| *baloy | ‘house’; ‘rumah’ |
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| *baluy | ‘change’; ‘ganti’ |
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| *banat | ‘lie down’; ‘berbaring’ |
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| *baŋaŋ | ‘pant, find it hard to breathe’; ‘terengah-engah, sesak napas’ |
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| *baŋke | ‘carcass’; ‘bangkai’ |
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| *baŋoʔ | ‘coconut’; ‘kelapa’; ‘Cocos nucifera’ |
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| *baŋun | ‘get up’; ‘bangun’ |
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| *banod | ‘numb, tingling’; ‘mati rasa, sesemutan’ |
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| *bantoŋ | ‘forest cow, anoa’; ‘sapi hutan, anoa’; ‘Bubalus depressicornis’ |
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| *banut | ‘husk (in coconuts)’; ‘sabut (pada buah kelapa)’ |
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| *barundak | ‘cook rice in bamboo’; ‘nasi buluh, lemang’ |
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| *basaʔ | ‘wet’; ‘basah’ |
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| *basiʔ | ‘too, more than usual’; ‘terlalu, lebih dari biasanya’ |
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| *basuŋ | ‘tube from the midrib of sago leaves’; ‘tabung dari pelepah daun sagu’ |
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| *batak | ‘impolite, coarse’; ‘kurang ajar’ |
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| *bataŋ | ‘stem (e.g. log)’; ‘batang (mis. batang kayu)’ |
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| *bataŋan | ‘body, self’; ‘badan, diri’ |
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| *batu | ‘rock’; ‘batu’ |
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| *batun | ‘go on’; ‘naik’ |
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| *baʔan | ‘sneeze’; ‘bersin’ |
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| *bembeʔ | ‘goat’; ‘kambing’ |
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| *biag | ‘life, maintain’; ‘hidup, pelihara’ |
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| *bibig | ‘lips’; ‘bibir’ |
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| *bibik | ‘duck’; ‘itik’ |
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| *bibit | ‘tote’; ‘jinjing’ |
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| *bibiʔ | ‘ballast load’; ‘beban pemberat’ |
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| *bigaʔ | ‘ko. taro’; ‘sej. talas’; ‘Alocasia’ |
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| *bilog | ‘see’; ‘lihat’ |
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| *biŋkaʔ | ‘very small fish’; ‘anak ikan yang masih kecil sekali’ |
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| *biniʔ | ‘rotten eggs’; ‘telur busuk’ |
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| *bintang | ‘Indian laurel’; ‘pohon bintangar’; ‘Calophyllum inophyllum’ |
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| *binte | ‘corn’; ‘jagung’; ‘Zea mays’ |
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| *biod | ‘fish egg’; ‘telur ikan’ |
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| *birit | ‘opening something by using your fingers, e.g. open closed eyelids’; ‘membuka sesuatu dengan menggunakan jari, mis. membuka kelopak mata yang tertutup’ |
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| *bisul | ‘boil’; ‘bisul’ |
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| *biʔau | ‘candlenut’; ‘kemiri’; ‘Aleurites moluccana’ |
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| *bobag | ‘hit (hard, e.g. hit the reed until it crumbles)’; ‘pukul (dengan keras, mis. memukul batang buluh sampai remuk)’ |
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| *boboʔ | ‘mute’; ‘bisu’ |
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| *bogani | ‘brave’; ‘berani’ |
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| *bogas | ‘rice’; ‘beras’ |
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| *bogat | ‘heavy’; ‘berat’ |
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| *bogos | ‘tie, bind several similar objects together’; ‘ikat, mengikat beberapa benda yang sama menjadi satu’ |
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| *bogoy | ‘give’; ‘beri, memberi’ |
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| *bokol | ‘wave’; ‘ombak’ |
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| *bolad | ‘mat’; ‘tikar’ |
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| *bolaŋas | ‘rambutan’; ‘rambutan’; ‘Nephelium lappaceum’ |
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| *bolaŋita(ŋ) | ‘ko. wood’; ‘sej. kayu’; ‘Tetrameles nudiflora’ |
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| *bolay | ‘monkey’; ‘kera’ |
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| *boli | ‘price’; ‘harga’ |
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| *bolian | ‘witch doctor’; ‘dukun’ |
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| *boliuŋ | ‘ax’; ‘kapak’ |
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| *bolotu | ‘boat’; ‘perahu’ |
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| *bolusu | ‘bracelet made of local skin’; ‘gelang dari kulit lokan’ |
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| *bombaŋ | ‘disband, run’; ‘bubar, lari’ |
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| *bondis | ‘poetry’; ‘syair, bersyair’ |
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| *bondot | ‘rotten, musty’; ‘busuk, apak’ |
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| *bondu | ‘fragrant’; ‘harum’ |
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| *boŋkudu | ‘noni, tree whose bark is made into red paint to color batik cloth’; ‘mengkudu, bengkudu, pohon yang kulitnya dibuat cat merah untuk mewarnai kain batik’; ‘Morinda citrifolia’ |
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| *boŋol | ‘deaf’; ‘tuli’ |
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| *boŋolan | ‘ear’; ‘talinga’ |
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| *boniaʔ | ‘eagle’; ‘burung elang’; ‘Haliastur indus intermedius, Spilornis cheela’ |
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| *bontow | ‘separated’; ‘putus’ |
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| *boRokuak | ‘ko. wading bird’; ‘sej. burung rawa’ |
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| *boruis | ‘ko. marsh bird’; ‘burung weris, sej. burung rawa’ |
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| *bosiot | ‘calf’; ‘betis’ |
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| *bosoy | ‘paddle’; ‘dayung’ |
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| *bosug | ‘full’; ‘kenyang’ |
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| *botak | ‘broken’; ‘pecah’ |
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| *botok | ‘hard to breathe’; ‘sesak napas’ |
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| *botutu | ‘cover for filling something (made of thick cloth)’; ‘sarung tempat mengisi sesuatu (terbuat dari kain tebal)’ |
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| *buat | ‘lift’; ‘angkat’ |
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| *buaya | ‘crocodile’; ‘buaya’ |
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| *bubug | ‘bruises (from being hit hard)’; ‘memar (akibat kena pukulan keras)’ |
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| *bubuk | ‘powder, ko. wood-eating termites’; ‘bubuk, sej. rayap pemakan kayu’ |
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| *bubul | ‘goosebumps (on the human body), fur (on the animal's body)’; ‘bulu roma (pada tubuh manusia), bulu (pada badan binatang)’ |
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| *bubuŋ | ‘roof connection’; ‘hubungan atap rumah’ |
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| *bubus | ‘bulk, pour’; ‘curah, tuang’ |
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| *bubut | ‘unplug it’; ‘cabut’ |
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| *bubuʔ | ‘hole’; ‘lubang’ |
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| *budoʔ | ‘downy mildew, albino’; ‘bulai, albino’ |
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| *bui | ‘go home, return’; ‘pulang, kembali’ |
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| *buiŋ | ‘charcoal (from wood or shells)’; ‘arang (dari kayu atau tempurung)’ |
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| *buka(d,ʔ) | ‘untie, release’; ‘membuka ikatan, melepaskan’ |
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| *bukas | ‘open’; ‘buka’ |
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| *bukid | ‘mountain’; ‘gunung’ |
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| *buku | ‘node (bamboo)’ |
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| *bulan | ‘month’; ‘bulan’ |
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| *bulat | ‘spur (on roosters)’; ‘taji (pada ayam jantan)’ |
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| *bulawan | ‘gold’; ‘emas’ |
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| *buli | ‘free, gone’ |
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| *bulig | ‘stretcher’; ‘usung’ |
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| *buliʔ | ‘butt’; ‘pantat’ |
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| *buloy | ‘husband and wife, marry’; ‘suami/istri, kawin’ |
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| *bulud | ‘mountain’; ‘gunung’ |
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| *buluq | ‘bamboo’; ‘bambu, buluh’ |
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| *bunak | ‘dibble’; ‘menugal’ |
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| *buŋalawa(ŋ) | ‘clove’; ‘cengkih’; ‘Eugenia aromatica’ |
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| *buŋa(ŋ) | ‘flower’; ‘bunga’ |
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| *buŋayon | ‘sand’; ‘pasir’ |
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| *buŋaʔ | ‘tip (numeral classifier for objects that are round and elongated)’; ‘ujung (kata bantu bilangan untuk benda yang bulat memanjang)’ |
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| *buŋin | ‘sand in the waterless part of the river’; ‘pasir di bagian sungai yang tak berair’ |
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| *buni | ‘hide’; ‘sembunyi’ |
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| *bunod | ‘congested’; ‘padat’ |
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| *buntu | ‘heap, pile’; ‘timbunan, onggokan’ |
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| *buok | ‘hair’; ‘rambut’ |
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| *buoy | ‘mung beans’; ‘kacang hijau’ |
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| *buRa | ‘boiling’; ‘mendidih’ |
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| *buRak | ‘pistil, ovary’; ‘putik, bakal buah’ |
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| *buRotok | ‘little mosquito’; ‘nyamuk kecil’ |
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| *buRuk | ‘rotten, bad’; ‘busuk, buruk’ |
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| *busuŋ | ‘curse’; ‘kutuk, laknat’ |
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| *butaʔ | ‘land’; ‘tanah’ |
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| *butig | ‘granules or small round objects’; ‘butiran atau benda kecil yang bulat’ |
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| *butitiʔ | ‘ko. small sea fish with a big stomach’; ‘sej. ikan laut kecil yang perutnya besar’ |
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| *butul | ‘rope knot’; ‘simpul tali’ |
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| *butuʔ | ‘testicles’; ‘buah pelir’ |
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| *(d,g)imukud | ‘good spirits, spirit of a deceased person’; ‘roh yang baik, roh orang yang sudah meninggal’ |
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| *(d,l)abuʔ | ‘fall’; ‘jatuh’ |
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| *(d,l)ondis | ‘nine’; ‘sembilu’ |
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| *dagat | ‘sea water’; ‘air laut’ |
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| *dagit | ‘kidnap, sambar, e.g. chicks by eagles’; ‘culik, sambar, mis. anak ayam oleh elang’ |
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| *dagum | ‘needle’; ‘jarum’ |
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| *dais | ‘finished’; ‘habis’ |
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| *dait | ‘name’; ‘nama’ |
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| *daki | ‘climb’; ‘daki’ |
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| *dakit | ‘flame (of fire), spread (of fire from one place to another)’; ‘menyala (tentang api), menjalar (tentang api dari satu tempat ke tempat lain)’ |
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| *dalan | ‘road’; ‘jalan’ |
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| *dalom | ‘in’; ‘dalam’ |
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| *damag | ‘resin’; ‘damar’; ‘Dammara cerebica’ |
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| *daŋat | ‘crash’; ‘tabrak’ |
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| *danow | ‘lake’; ‘danau’ |
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| *dantug | ‘overlap’; ‘tindih’ |
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| *dapat | ‘until, arrive’; ‘sampai, tiba’ |
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| *daRag | ‘yellow’; ‘kuning, berwarna kuning’ |
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| *dasog | ‘load’; ‘muat, muatan’ |
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| *datag | ‘plain, level’ |
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| *datu | ‘king’; ‘raja’ |
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| *dauʔ | ‘ko. wood’; ‘sej. kayu’; ‘Dracontomelon macrocarpum’ |
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| *diaʔ | ‘not’; ‘tidak’ |
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| *didiʔ | ‘boil’; ‘mendidih’ |
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| *dilat | ‘lick’; ‘jilat’ |
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| *dilaʔ | ‘tongue’; ‘lidah’ |
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| *dindiŋ | ‘wall’; ‘dinding’ |
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| *diug | ‘near’; ‘dekat’ |
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| *dodap | ‘tiger's claw, Indian coral tree’; ‘pohon dedap’; ‘Erythrina indica’ |
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| *dodob | ‘chest’; ‘dada’ |
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| *dodok | ‘mash, e.g. pounding rice’; ‘tumbuk, mis. menumbuk padi’ |
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| *dodop | ‘early in the morning’; ‘pagi-pagi’ |
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| *dolop | ‘dive’; ‘selam, menyelam’ |
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| *doman | ‘also, as well’; ‘juga, demikian juga’ |
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| *domok | ‘catch, e.g. catch chickens’; ‘tangkap, menangkap mis. menangkap ayam’ |
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| *doŋog | ‘hear’; ‘dengar’ |
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| *dopiʔ | ‘board’; ‘papan’ |
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| *dorot | ‘overlap, pierce’; ‘tindih, tindis’ |
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| *doRua | ‘two’; ‘dua’ |
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| *duayow | ‘white stork’; ‘bangau putih’ |
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| *dugaŋ | ‘plus’; ‘tambah’ |
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| *dugi | ‘thorns’; ‘duri’ |
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| *duguʔ | ‘blood’; ‘darah’ |
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| *dulak | ‘bow (of a boat)’; ‘haluan (pada perahu)’ |
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| *dulaŋ | ‘tray’; ‘dulang’ |
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| *dulud | ‘shinbone’; ‘tulang kering’ |
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| *duŋaʔ | ‘nod (of the head)’; ‘angguk (tentang kepala)’ |
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| *dupaʔ | ‘forge, e.g. forge iron’; ‘tempa, mis. menempa besi’ |
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| *duRaʔ | ‘saliva’; ‘ludah’ |
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| *dusunan | ‘river, part of the river where you bathe’; ‘sungai, bagian sungai tempat mandi’ |
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| *gakit(a) | ‘raft’; ‘rakit’ |
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| *gakut | ‘tie’; ‘ikat’ |
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| *gale | ‘small prawns, baby shrimp’; ‘udang yang halus, anak udang’ |
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| *galum | ‘family’; ‘keluarga’ |
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| *gamaʔ | ‘take’; ‘ambil’ |
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| *gantaŋ | ‘bushel’; ‘gantang’ |
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| *gapus | ‘hug, embrace’; ‘peluk, rangkul’ |
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| *gasut | ‘hundred’; ‘ratus’ |
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| *gau | ‘cigarette’; ‘rokok’ |
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| *gian | ‘jealous’; ‘cemburu’ |
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| *gigis | ‘rub, clean’; ‘gosok, membersihkan’ |
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| *gina(w)a | ‘like, want to’; ‘suka, mau’ |
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| *giow | ‘noisy, commotion’; ‘ribut, keributan’ |
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| *gioy | ‘stick’; ‘lidi’ |
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| *girud | ‘pull, tug’; ‘tarik, hela’ |
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| *gisiŋ(a) | ‘hair that grows between the ears and temples’; ‘rambut yang tumbuh di antara telinga dan pelipis’ |
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| *gobiʔi | ‘evening’; ‘malam’ |
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| *godom | ‘brood’; ‘eram’ |
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| *gogaRi | ‘rest’; ‘istirahat’ |
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| *gogoRon | ‘hungry’; ‘lapar’ |
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| *gogutuʔ | ‘behavior’; ‘tingkah laku’ |
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| *golokap | ‘#VALUE!’ |
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| *golopak | ‘kicking sound, e.g. kick sound’; ‘bunyi 'pak', mis. bunyi sepakan’ |
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| *golotup | ‘explode, erupt’; ‘letup, letus’ |
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| *gonugur | ‘concussion (a resounding sound, e.g. thunder)’; ‘gegar (bunyi yang bergegar, mis. bunyi halilintar)’ |
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| *gosiʔan | ‘rattan whose stems are quite smooth’; ‘rotan yang batangnya agak halus’ |
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| *gugur | ‘shake’; ‘goyang, guncang’ |
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| *guman | ‘speak, say’; ‘bilang, katakan’ |
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| *gumaʔ | ‘machete sheath’; ‘sarung parang’ |
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| *gumuk | ‘buzz’; ‘dengung, dengungan’ |
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| *gupis | ‘pinch’; ‘jepit’ |
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| *guRa-guRaŋ | ‘older brother’; ‘kakak’ |
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| *guRaŋ | ‘old’; ‘tua’ |
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| *gusuk | ‘rib’; ‘rusuk’ |
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| *guʔal | ‘lever’; ‘tuas, pengungkit’ |
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| *guʔod | ‘still young, not yet cooked e.g. fruit’; ‘masih muda, belum masak mis. buah-buhahan’ |
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| *guʔos | ‘gum’; ‘gusi’ |
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| *inaʔ | ‘mother’; ‘ibu’ |
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| *indeʔ | ‘mother’; ‘ibu’ |
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| *iŋkag | ‘dry’; ‘kering’ |
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| *ipus | ‘tail’; ‘ekor’ |
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| *iRok | ‘armpit’; ‘ketiak’ |
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| *iRup | ‘blow’; ‘tiup’ |
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| *jaŋkal | ‘inappropriate, not quite right’; ‘tidak pantas, kurang beres’ |
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| *(k,p)oRuntuŋ | ‘dandruff, dirt on the scalp’; ‘ketombe, kotoran di kulit kepala’ |
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| *kabal | ‘invulnerable (of the body)’; ‘kebal (tentang badan)’ |
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| *kabauŋaʔ | ‘basket’; ‘bakul’ |
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| *kabilaʔ | ‘container for betel vine and areca nut’; ‘cerana (tempat sirih dan pinang)’ |
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| *kais | ‘cow, sweep’; ‘sapi, menyapu’ |
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| *kait | ‘hook’; ‘kait’ |
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| *kali | ‘dig’; ‘gali’ |
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| *kalibombaŋ | ‘butterfly’; ‘kupu-kupu’ |
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| *kalow | ‘hornbill’; ‘burung taon’ |
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| *kami | ‘we (excl)’; ‘kami’ |
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| *kamu | ‘you’; ‘anda’ |
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| *kapi(n,ŋ) | ‘more (in total e.g. one hundred more)’; ‘lebih (di dalam jumlah mis. seratus lebih)’ |
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| *kapos | ‘cotton thread (spun by yourself)’; ‘benang dari kapas (yang dipintal sendiri)’ |
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| *karit | ‘scratched, get scratched, e.g. body skin by nails’; ‘tergores, kena goresan, mis. kulit badan oleh paku’ |
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| *kaRug | ‘shave, e.g. shave hair, grate (measuring coconut)’; ‘cukur, mis. mencukur rambut, kukur (mengukur kelapa)’ |
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| *karut | ‘scratches, tear, e.g. clothes torn from being scratched by nails’; ‘goresan, robekan, mis. baju robek karena tergores paku’ |
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| *kasiʔ | ‘pity (interjection)’; ‘kasihan (kata seru)’ |
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| *kasow | ‘rafters (on a house)’; ‘kasau (pada rumah)’ |
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| *katig | ‘outrigger, carrier (on a boat)’; ‘katir, penggandung (pada perahu)’ |
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| *kayab | ‘fan (body fan if the air is hot)’; ‘kipas (pengipas badan jika udara panas)’ |
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| *kayu | ‘wood’; ‘kayu’ |
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| *kaʔan | ‘eat’; ‘makan’ |
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| *kekeb | ‘big wound that won't heal’; ‘luka besar yang tak kunjung sembuh’ |
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| *kidit | ‘small, narrow’; ‘kecil, sempit’ |
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| *kikil | ‘bite’; ‘gigit’ |
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| *kikis | ‘scrape’; ‘kikis’ |
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| *kilat | ‘lightning’; ‘kilat’ |
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| *kiŋkim | ‘hem, sew the edge of the shirt’; ‘kelim, menjahit bagian pinggir baju’ |
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| *kintid | ‘large veins on the heel’; ‘urat besar pada tumit’ |
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| *kiput | ‘small, tight, e.g. about the size of the clothes’; ‘kecil, sesak, mis. tentang ukuran baju’ |
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| *kiRap | ‘blink (of the eyes)’; ‘kedip (tentang mata)’ |
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| *kire | ‘forehead’; ‘kening’ |
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| *kiri(k,t) | ‘shout’; ‘teriak’ |
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| *kita | ‘we (incl)’; ‘kita’ |
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| *kogaŋ | ‘wounded skin that has hardened’; ‘kulit luka yang telah mengeras’ |
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| *kokab | ‘opening or flapping wings (of birds or chickens if they want to fly)’; ‘membuka atau mengepakkan sayap (tentang burung atau ayam jika akan terbang)’ |
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| *kokap | ‘touch, grope (in the dark)’; ‘raba, meraba (di dalam gelap)’ |
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| *kokob | ‘chew’; ‘kunyah’ |
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| *kokod | ‘hug, embrace’; ‘peluk, rangkul’ |
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| *kolawag | ‘turmeric’; ‘kunyit’; ‘Curcuma’ |
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| *kolikip | ‘wings (in birds)’; ‘sayap (pada unggas)’ |
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| *koloanan | ‘right’; ‘kanan’ |
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| *koloigi | ‘left’; ‘kiri’ |
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| *koloŋ | ‘large chunks, e.g. logs’; ‘potongan besar, mis. batang kayu’ |
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| *komalig | ‘palace’; ‘istana’ |
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| *kombiloy | ‘ko. mango’; ‘sej. mangga’; ‘Mangifera indica’ |
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| *kombos | ‘ko. guava’; ‘sej. jambu’; ‘Eugenia’ |
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| *kompit | ‘sticky’; ‘lekat, lengket’ |
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| *kompoŋ | ‘stomach (food bag)’; ‘perut (kantong makanan)’ |
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| *kon | ‘in, It is in, located in’; ‘di, ada di, berada di’ |
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| *ko(ŋ)kaRugan | ‘coconut shavings’; ‘kukuran kelapa’ |
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| *koŋkom | ‘fist’; ‘genggam’ |
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| *konuku | ‘nail’; ‘kuku’ |
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| *koRak | ‘phlegm (which comes out of the mouth when coughing)’; ‘dahak (yang keluar dari mulut ketika batuk)’ |
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| *koRoŋian | ‘(person) noble, (class) nobles’; ‘(orang) bangsawan, (golongan) ningrat’ |
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| *koRoŋkam | ‘chicken lice (white)’; ‘kutu ayam (berwarna putih)’ |
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| *koRot | ‘hazy (versus clear, about water)’; ‘kabur (lawan jernih, tentang air)’ |
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| *koRow | ‘message’; ‘pesan’ |
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| *korut | ‘pinch’; ‘cubit’ |
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| *kosili | ‘bullock fish’; ‘ikan bulit’ |
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| *kosiŋ | ‘laugh’; ‘tertawa’ |
||
| *koyaŋkaʔ | ‘dry coconut leaves’; ‘daun kelapa yang kering’ |
||
| *kude(p,t)eŋ | ‘crocodile’; ‘buaya’ |
||
| *kukub | ‘closed’; ‘tutup’ |
||
| *kukud | ‘scratch’; ‘garuk’ |
||
| *kukulan | ‘device for making announcements to the public, made from a piece of bamboo that is hollowed out lengthwise and beaten with a piece of wood’; ‘tetengkoran (alat pemanggil khalayak terbuat dari seruas bambu yang dilubangi membujur dan dipukul dengan sepotong kayu)’ |
||
| *kukup | ‘surrounded (human body swamped by ants), wrapped’; ‘dikerumuni (badan manusia oleh semut), dibungkus’ |
||
| *kulau(g) | ‘mix, mix up’; ‘campur, campur baur’ |
||
| *kulit | ‘skin’; ‘kulit’ |
||
| *kulug | ‘shave or shave (of hair)’; ‘cukur atau menggunduli (tentang rambut)’ |
||
| *kumonsi | ‘breadfruit’; ‘sukun’; ‘Artocarpus sp.’ |
||
| *kuŋkum | ‘curved, bent’; ‘lengkung, bengkok’ |
||
| *kunsiʔ | ‘key’; ‘kunci’ |
||
| *kuon | ‘so and so, something’; ‘anu, sesuatu’ |
||
| *kupa | ‘ko. guava’; ‘sej. jambu’; ‘Eugenia malaccensis’ |
||
| *kupi(t) | ‘fold’; ‘lipat’ |
||
| *kuRaŋa | ‘hibiscus’; ‘kembang sepatu’; ‘Hibiscus rosa-sinensis’ |
||
| *kuRo(n,ŋ) | ‘pot’; ‘belanga’ |
||
| *kusoy | ‘cuscus’; ‘kuskus’; ‘Phalangista ursina’ |
||
| *kutu | ‘flea’; ‘kutu’ |
||
| *kuʔak | ‘shout’; ‘teriak’ |
||
| *lagaʔ | ‘big red ant’; ‘semut besar berwarna merah’ |
||
| *laguy | ‘run, run away’; ‘lari, minggat’ |
||
| *lai | ‘bunch (of coconuts)’; ‘tandan (tentang buah kelapa)’ |
||
| *laig | ‘dangau’; ‘dangau’ |
||
| *lakow | ‘go, walk’; ‘pergi, berjalan’ |
||
| *lamag | ‘smooth and shiny’; ‘licin dan berkilat’ |
||
| *lambuŋ | ‘dress’; ‘baju’ |
||
| *lamenat | ‘fast, deft’; ‘cepat, cekatan’ |
||
| *lampaŋ | ‘long steps’; ‘langkah yang panjang’ |
||
| *lana | ‘coconut oil’; ‘minyak kelapa’ |
||
| *laŋit | ‘sky’; ‘langit’ |
||
| *laŋkapan | ‘termite’; ‘ani-ani’ |
||
| *laŋou (2) | ‘drunk’; ‘mabuk’ |
||
| *laŋow (1) | ‘fly’; ‘lalat’ |
||
| *lanit | ‘sharp’; ‘tajam’ |
||
| *lansat | ‘langsat’; ‘langsat’; ‘Lansium domesticum’ |
||
| *lansik | ‘jump’; ‘lompat’ |
||
| *lantak | ‘float’; ‘terapung’ |
||
| *lantuŋ | ‘pet confinement’; ‘kurungan binatang peliharaan’ |
||
| *lapas | ‘finished’; ‘selesai, rampung’ |
||
| *lapaʔ | ‘short machete’; ‘parang pendek’ |
||
| *la(w)at | ‘rare’; ‘jarang’ |
||
| *layag | ‘sail’; ‘layar’ |
||
| *layaŋ | ‘throw away’; ‘buang’ |
||
| *layug | ‘tall, fly’; ‘tinggi, melayang’ |
||
| *leʔad | ‘straighten teeth’; ‘memepat atau meratakan gigi’ |
||
| *libano | ‘wash hands’; ‘mencuci tangan’ |
||
| *libod | ‘winding, circumference’; ‘lilit, lingkar’ |
||
| *libogoʔ | ‘umbrella mushroom’; ‘cendawan payung’ |
||
| *libuton | ‘island’; ‘pulau’ |
||
| *ligaonan | ‘fishing rod’; ‘tangkai pancing’ |
||
| *ligis | ‘crazy’; ‘gilas’ |
||
| *lika | ‘bedbug’; ‘kutu busuk’ |
||
| *lilid | ‘roll’; ‘guling’ |
||
| *lima | ‘five, hand’; ‘lima, tangan’ |
||
| *limas | ‘pyramid, sauk (of water)’; ‘limas, sauk (tentang air)’ |
||
| *limbuŋ | ‘round’; ‘bulat, bundar’ |
||
| *limod | ‘silent murder (in a quiet place)’; ‘pembunuhan secara diam-diam (di tempat yang sunyi)’ |
||
| *limpudoŋ | ‘imitate the round one’; ‘nyiru yang bundar’ |
||
| *limu | ‘orange, lime’; ‘jeruk, limau’; ‘Citrus sp.’ |
||
| *limumug | ‘gargle’; ‘kumur’ |
||
| *liŋaŋas | ‘hot (of the body when sweating)’; ‘panas (tentang badan ketika berkeringat)’ |
||
| *liŋkag | ‘fast (of how to walk)’; ‘cepat (tentang cara berjalan)’ |
||
| *liŋkis | ‘bracelet’; ‘gelang’ |
||
| *liŋkop | ‘closed’; ‘tutup’ |
||
| *linow | ‘pool (deep part of the river)’; ‘lubuk (bagian sungai yang dalam)’ |
||
| *lintaʔ | ‘leech’; ‘lintah’ |
||
| *linug | ‘earthquake’; ‘gempa bumi’ |
||
| *liod | ‘footstep’; ‘jejak’ |
||
| *lioŋ | ‘forget’; ‘lupa’ |
||
| *lipat | ‘forget’; ‘lupa’ |
||
| *lipuʔ | ‘country, village’; ‘negeri, kampung’ |
||
| *lisaʔ | ‘lice eggs’; ‘telur kutu’ |
||
| *litod | ‘twisted (of rope)’; ‘pilin (tentang tali)’ |
||
| *lituʔ | ‘sit down’; ‘duduk’ |
||
| *loboŋ | ‘plant, bury’; ‘tanam, kubur’ |
||
| *logot | ‘bone’; ‘ketulangan’ |
||
| *lokad | ‘raised, out of place’; ‘terangkat, keluar dari tempatnya’ |
||
| *lokat | ‘peel, release from attachment’; ‘mengupas, melepaskan dari lekatan’ |
||
| *lolaki | ‘man’; ‘laki-laki’ |
||
| *loleŋkelan | ‘kettle’; ‘cerek’ |
||
| *lolosobon | ‘crown’; ‘ubun-ubun’ |
||
| *lomontik | ‘large black ants’; ‘semut hitam yang besar badannya’ |
||
| *lomos | ‘drown to death’; ‘mati tenggelam’ |
||
| *lompias | ‘starfruit’; ‘belimbing’; ‘Averrhoa blimbi, Averrhoa carambola’ |
||
| *loŋa | ‘ko. banana’; ‘sej. pisang (pisang tanduk)’ |
||
| *loŋkab | ‘large cuts or incisions’; ‘potongan atau sayatan besar’ |
||
| *loŋuŋu | ‘nape’; ‘tengkuk’ |
||
| *losiŋ | ‘vinegar, sour’; ‘cuka, asam’ |
||
| *losuŋ | ‘mortar’; ‘lesung’ |
||
| *losut | ‘hollow, holes (especially the bottom/butt)’; ‘bolong, berlubang (terutama bagian bawah/pantat)’ |
||
| *loto | ‘basket’; ‘bakul’ |
||
| *luag | ‘loose, e.g. clothes size’; ‘longgar, mis. ukuran baju’ |
||
| *luaʔ | ‘tears’; ‘air mata’ |
||
| *lubid | ‘twisted (of rope)’; ‘pilin (tentang tali)’ |
||
| *lugus | ‘betel nut’; ‘pinang’; ‘Areca catecha’ |
||
| *lukad | ‘keep, guard’; ‘jaga, menjaga’ |
||
| *luli | ‘healed’; ‘sembuh’ |
||
| *lulut | ‘cook using bamboo strips as a container’; ‘memasak dengan menggunakan seruas bambu sebagai wadahnya’ |
||
| *lumbuʔ | ‘throw away’; ‘buang’ |
||
| *lumpiŋ | ‘weak, sluggish’; ‘lemah, lesu’ |
||
| *lumut | ‘moss’; ‘lumut’; ‘Musci, Najas celebica’ |
||
| *lunow | ‘green’; ‘hijau’ |
||
| *lupug | ‘lazy, weak’; ‘malas, lemah’ |
||
| *lutan | ‘shoot’; ‘tembak’ |
||
| *luton | ‘fire’; ‘api’ |
||
| *lutuʔ | ‘cook’; ‘masak’ |
||
| *ma(g)iʔ | ‘let, here’; ‘mari, ke mari’ |
||
| *mamaʔ | ‘betel’; ‘sirih’ |
||
| *mamaʔan | ‘areca nut’; ‘pinang’; ‘Areca catechu)’ |
||
| *maŋkubiʔ | ‘demon’; ‘setan’ |
||
| *manuk | ‘chicken’; ‘ayam’ |
||
| *mata | ‘eye’; ‘mata’ |
||
| *matoy | ‘dead’; ‘mati’ |
||
| *minaŋa | ‘river’; ‘sungai’ |
||
| *mo(b)aliʔ | ‘can’; ‘boleh’ |
||
| *monag | ‘down’; ‘turun’ |
||
| *moŋodeaga | ‘girl, virgin’; ‘gadis, dara’ |
||
| *moŋom | ‘why’; ‘mengapa’ |
||
| *mula | ‘plant’; ‘tanam’ |
||
| *(m)una | ‘at first’; ‘mula-mula’ |
||
| *munsoŋ | ‘snot, dirt nose’; ‘ingus, kotoran hidung’ |
||
| *(n,d)igu | ‘ko. winnowing tray’; ‘nyiru’ |
||
| *(n,l)aŋuy | ‘swim’; ‘berenang’ |
||
| *nam(b)ug | ‘dew (which sticks to the grass)’; ‘embun (yang melekat di rerumputan)’ |
||
| *nanam | ‘taste of food’; ‘rasa makanan’ |
||
| *nanaʔ | ‘pus’; ‘nanah’ |
||
| *naŋga | ‘jackfruit’; ‘nangka’; ‘Artocarpus integrifolia’ |
||
| *natu | ‘egg’; ‘telur’ |
||
| *ŋaŋa | ‘mouth’; ‘mulut’ |
||
| *ŋantiŋanti(ŋ) | ‘earrings’; ‘anting-anting’ |
||
| *ŋipon | ‘tooth’; ‘gigi’ |
||
| *(ŋ)iRuŋ | ‘nose’; ‘hidung’ |
||
| *ŋisi | ‘open and shows teeth’; ‘membuka mulut seraya menampakkan gigi’ |
||
| *ŋoŋot | ‘pain’; ‘kesakitan’ |
||
| *nilu | ‘hurt’; ‘ngilu’ |
||
| *ninis | ‘rub’; ‘gosok’ |
||
| *nipaʔ | ‘ko. palm’; ‘nipah’; ‘Nipa fructicans’ |
||
| *noŋko | ‘from, came from’; ‘dari, berasal dari’ |
||
| *noŋonu | ‘why’; ‘mengapa’ |
||
| *nunuk | ‘banyan tree’; ‘pohon beringin’; ‘Ficus benjamina’ |
||
| *(o)baga | ‘shoulder’; ‘bahu’ |
||
| *(o)batog | ‘ko. white caterpillar the size of a thumb’; ‘sej. ulat berwarna putih sebesar ibu jari tangan’ |
||
| *olad | ‘split’; ‘terbelah’ |
||
| *(o)limaŋow | ‘big crab’; ‘kepiting besar’ |
||
| *(o)lua(n)ti | ‘worm’; ‘cacing’ |
||
| *omut | ‘fragrant’; ‘harum’ |
||
| *ondok | ‘afraid’; ‘takut’ |
||
| *onow | ‘cold’; ‘dingin’ |
||
| *(o)poRu | ‘bile’; ‘empedu’ |
||
| *oRaʔ | ‘embarrassed’; ‘malu’ |
||
| *oyod | ‘press’; ‘tekan’ |
||
| *padaŋ | ‘kunai grass’; ‘alang-alang’; ‘Imperata arundinacea’ |
||
| *pagi | ‘stingray’; ‘ikan pari’ |
||
| *pajanaŋan | ‘antique copper lamp’; ‘lampu antik dari tembaga’ |
||
| *(pa)joŋkeʔ | ‘ko. traditional dances’; ‘sej. tarian tradisional’ |
||
| *paki(a,ʔ) | ‘top’; ‘gasing’ |
||
| *pakuʔ | ‘fern’; ‘sayur paku’; ‘Asplenium esculentum’ |
||
| *palad | ‘footprint (hand or foot)’; ‘tapak (tangan atau kaki)’ |
||
| *palempaŋ | ‘midrib, e.g. coconut leaf midrib’; ‘pelepah, mis. pelepah daun kelapa’ |
||
| *paliaʔ | ‘bitter gourd’; ‘paria’; ‘Momordica charantia’ |
||
| *palit | ‘around, surround’; ‘keliling, mengelilingi’ |
||
| *paliʔ | ‘wound’; ‘luka’ |
||
| *palut | ‘finished’; ‘selesai, rampung’ |
||
| *pampiŋ | ‘move’; ‘pindah’ |
||
| *panas | ‘sick’; ‘sakit’ |
||
| *panaʔ | ‘arrow’; ‘panah’ |
||
| *pandiŋ | ‘water jug’; ‘tempayan’ |
||
| *paŋi | ‘pangi tree, the leaves are edible’; ‘pohon pangi, daunnya dapat dimakan’; ‘Pangium edule’ |
||
| *paŋimpaʔ | ‘embankment (in rice fields)’; ‘pematang (di sawah)’ |
||
| *paŋkoy | ‘stalk, e.g. flower stalk’; ‘tangkai, mis. tangkai bunga’ |
||
| *paŋkul | ‘o'clock, wrought’; ‘pukul, tempa’ |
||
| *paRoy | ‘rice’; ‘padi’; ‘Oriza sativa’ |
||
| *pasat | ‘bright, clear (of sight)’; ‘terang, jelas (tentang penglihatan)’ |
||
| *pasig | ‘coral (in the middle of the sea)’; ‘karang (di tengah laut)’ |
||
| *pasok | ‘stake (fence post)’; ‘pancang (tiang pagar)’ |
||
| *pasuʔ | ‘hot’; ‘panas’ |
||
| *pataʔ | ‘sheet’; ‘lembar, helai’ |
||
| *patoy | ‘kill’; ‘bunuh’ |
||
| *patuju | ‘objective, meaning’; ‘tujuan, maksud’ |
||
| *pa(ʔ,w)a | ‘thigh’; ‘paha’ |
||
| *paʔan | ‘bait’; ‘umpan’ |
||
| *paʔit | ‘bitter’; ‘pahit’ |
||
| *peŋko(l) | ‘club (of the foot)’; ‘pengkor (tentang kaki)’ |
||
| *pigis | ‘beam on the floor of the house’; ‘balok pada lantai rumah’ |
||
| *piliʔ | ‘choose’; ‘pilih, memilih’ |
||
| *piŋi | ‘huddled together, e.g. about bananas’; ‘berdempet, mis. tentang buah pisang’ |
||
| *pinsud | ‘stumble, e.g. stone feet when walking’; ‘terantuk, mis. kaki batu ketika berjalan’ |
||
| *pintad | ‘beach’; ‘pantai’ |
||
| *pipid | ‘arrange (to be orderly, of elongated objects)’; ‘susun, menyusun (supaya teratur, tentang benda-benda yang memanjang)’ |
||
| *pipik | ‘dodge, flounder’; ‘tepis, gelepar’ |
||
| *pipis | ‘chick’; ‘anak ayam’ |
||
| *pipiʔ | ‘wash’; ‘cuci’ |
||
| *piRa | ‘good’; ‘baik’ |
||
| *pisok | ‘blind in one eye’; ‘buta mata sebelah’ |
||
| *pisow | ‘knife’; ‘pisau’ |
||
| *pitotan | ‘tight knot’; ‘ikatan yang erat’ |
||
| *pitu | ‘seven’; ‘tujuh’ |
||
| *podilas | ‘spleen’; ‘limpa’ |
||
| *pogi(ʔ,aʔ) | ‘other, another, except’; ‘lain, yang lain, kecuali’ |
||
| *polok | ‘short’; ‘pendek’ |
||
| *pompaŋ | ‘cliff on the river bank’; ‘tebing di tepi sungai’ |
||
| *pomponu | ‘turtle’; ‘kura-kura’ |
||
| *po(m)poriʔ | ‘sting, painful’; ‘perih, pedih’ |
||
| *ponag | ‘down’; ‘turun’ |
||
| *pondam(a) | ‘feeling’; ‘perasaan’ |
||
| *pondos | ‘ko. rattan’; ‘sej. rotan’ |
||
| *poŋkoʔ | ‘devil whose job is to take people's hearts’; ‘iblis yang kerjanya mengambil jantung orang’ |
||
| *ponik | ‘go on’; ‘naik’ |
||
| *poniki | ‘bat’; ‘kelelawar’ |
||
| *ponod | ‘congested, pithy’; ‘padat, bernas’ |
||
| *popas | ‘wipe, delete, eliminate, e.g. writing’; ‘hapus, menghapus, menghilangkan, mis. tulisan’ |
||
| *popod | ‘tip (of an elongated object)’; ‘ujung (dari benda yang memanjang)’ |
||
| *poriamaʔ | ‘star’; ‘bintang’ |
||
| *poRok | ‘smoke (from combustion)’; ‘asap (dari hasil pembakaran)’ |
||
| *porot | ‘very hurt, really hurts’; ‘perih sekali, sakit sekali’ |
||
| *posaʔan | ‘carry’; ‘pikul’ |
||
| *posoʔlo | ‘tube from bamboo strips’; ‘tabung dari seruas bambu’ |
||
| *posut | ‘broken, erupted’; ‘pecah, meletus’ |
||
| *potik | ‘tick (with fingertips)’; ‘kutik (dengan ujung jari)’ |
||
| *potuŋ | ‘piggy bank made of bamboo’; ‘celengan dari seruas bambu’ |
||
| *pugitaʔ | ‘octopus’; ‘gurita’; ‘Polyp’ |
||
| *pugus | ‘squeeze (by hand, e.g. squeezing coconut milk from coconuts to make oil)’; ‘peras (dengan tangan, mis. memeras santan dari kelapa kukur yang akan dibuat minyak)’ |
||
| *puki | ‘female genitalia’; ‘kemaluan perempuan’ |
||
| *puliŋ (1) | ‘full, e.g. water in the baking dish’; ‘penuh, mis. air di dalam loyang’ |
||
| *puliŋ (2) | ‘sty, foreign object in the eye’; ‘lilip, benda asing di mata’ |
||
| *pulod | ‘pieces of wood that still have fire on them’; ‘potongan kayu yang masih ada apinya’ |
||
| *pulu | ‘handle’; ‘gagang, mis. gagang garang’ |
||
| *pulut | ‘pulut, sap’; ‘pulut, getah’ |
||
| *puluʔ | ‘tens’; ‘puluh’ |
||
| *punoy | ‘ko. bird’; ‘burung punai’ |
||
| *puntianaʔ | ‘ko. ghost’; ‘kuntilanak’ |
||
| *-punuʔ | ‘magnifier’; ‘pembesar’ |
||
| *pupug | ‘scabies’; ‘kudis’ |
||
| *pupuk | ‘live together’; ‘hidup bersama-sama’ |
||
| *puRa | ‘red’; ‘merah’ |
||
| *pusod | ‘navel, central (in the middle of the stomach)’; ‘pusar, pusat (pada tengah perut)’ |
||
| *pusoŋi | ‘cheek’; ‘pipi’ |
||
| *pusuŋ | ‘banana blossom’; ‘jantung pisang’ |
||
| *pusuʔ | ‘heart’; ‘jantung’ |
||
| *puti(k,ʔ) | ‘white’; ‘putih’ |
||
| *putut | ‘wrap’; ‘bungkus’ |
||
| *puyuŋ | ‘bun’; ‘sanggul’ |
||
| *puyut | ‘pick up’; ‘pungut’ |
||
| *Rabut | ‘unplug, snatch’; ‘cabut, renggut’ |
||
| *Rakup | ‘catch, handheld’; ‘tangkap, genggam’ |
||
| *ranat | ‘spicy (of chili peppers)’; ‘pedas (tentang lombok)’ |
||
| *raŋa | ‘branching, e.g. about deer antlers’; ‘bercabang, mis. tentang tanduk rusa’ |
||
| *raŋkaŋ | ‘tip of a bamboo tree with branches’; ‘ujung pohon bambu yang beranting’ |
||
| *raŋkis | ‘cut, e.g. rope’; ‘potong, mis. tali’ |
||
| *raŋkom | ‘handheld’; ‘genggam’ |
||
| *Raŋow | ‘irritated’; ‘jengkel’ |
||
| *rante | ‘chain’; ‘rantai’ |
||
| *ratab | ‘cut, crop, e.g. grass or trees’; ‘potong, pangkas, mis. rumput atau pohon’ |
||
| *rataʔ | ‘slaughter’; ‘sembelih’ |
||
| *Rayuʔ | ‘far’; ‘jauh’ |
||
| *Raʔat | ‘wicked, bad’; ‘jahat, jelek’ |
||
| *ribatuk | ‘run’; ‘lari’ |
||
| *ribu | ‘thousand’; ‘ribu’ |
||
| *ribut | ‘hurricane’; ‘angin topan’ |
||
| *rikut | ‘grass’; ‘rumput’ |
||
| *rinag | ‘shiny clean’; ‘bersih mengilap’ |
||
| *Rintok | ‘small’; ‘kecil’ |
||
| *Rogaŋ | ‘thirsty, dry’; ‘haus, kering’ |
||
| *rogi | ‘angry’; ‘marah’ |
||
| *rogot | ‘heavy (of rain)’; ‘deras (tentang hujan)’ |
||
| *Rondog | ‘slip, e.g. because the road is slippery’; ‘terpeleset, mis. karena jalan yang licin’ |
||
| *Roŋit | ‘mosquito’; ‘nyamuk’ |
||
| *roŋkor | ‘slit, slaughter’; ‘gorok, sembelih’ |
||
| *Ropa | ‘fathom’; ‘depa’ |
||
| *Ropit | ‘snatch from top to bottom, e.g. corn from the tree or twigs from its branches’; ‘merenggut dari atas ke bawah, mis. buah jagung dari pohonnya atau ranting dari cabangnya’ |
||
| *Ropot | ‘strong (of power)’; ‘kuat (tentang tenaga)’ |
||
| *Ropuʔ | ‘die silly, dead’; ‘mati konyol, mampus’ |
||
| *roton | ‘tense, strong’; ‘tegang, kuat’ |
||
| *rudus | ‘fall, luruh (of fruit or duan)’; ‘gugur, luruh (tentang buah atau duan)’ |
||
| *Rugaʔ | ‘destroyed, very soft, e.g. because it was submerged for a long time’; ‘hancur, lembek sekali, mis. karena terendam lama’ |
||
| *ruit | ‘pointed’; ‘runcing’ |
||
| *rumboŋ | ‘deep and round, e.g. plate’; ‘dalam dan bulat, mis. piring’ |
||
| *Rumog | ‘broken, destroyed, e.g. glass or plate’; ‘pecah, hancur, mis. gelas atau piring’ |
||
| *RuRag | ‘pull down fruits repeatedly (roughly)’; ‘jolok berulang-ulang (dengan kasar)’ |
||
| *ruruk | ‘bastard (cuss word for men)’; ‘bangsat (kata makian untuk laki-laki)’ |
||
| *sabaʔ | ‘tell me’; ‘suruh’ |
||
| *sabud | ‘sprinkle, scattered’; ‘tabur, hambur’ |
||
| *sadaŋ | ‘hooked, e.g. clothes on nails on the wall’; ‘sangkut, mis. baju pada paku di dinding’ |
||
| *sadik | ‘gore’; ‘menanduk’ |
||
| *sagin | ‘banana’; ‘pisang’ |
||
| *said | ‘comb’; ‘sisir’ |
||
| *sakaija | ‘blood red color, e.g. cloth’; ‘warna merah darah, mis. kain’ |
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| *sakit | ‘sick’; ‘sakit’ |
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| *sakoy | ‘go on, drive’; ‘naik, mengendarai’ |
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| *sakul | ‘spear, e.g. towards animals’; ‘menombak, mis. terhadap binatang’ |
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| *salaʔ | ‘wrong’; ‘salah’ |
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| *salempaŋ | ‘(cloth) sash’; ‘(kain) selempang’ |
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| *salog | ‘house floor’; ‘lantai rumah’ |
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| *salug | ‘water’; ‘air’ |
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| *saluy | ‘buy’; ‘beli’ |
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| *sampaŋ | ‘straddle (of the legs)’; ‘kangkang (tentang kaki)’ |
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| *sandip | ‘insert, skid’; ‘sisip, selip’ |
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| *san(d)ob | ‘remember, recalled’; ‘ingat, kenang’ |
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| *saŋaͨ | ‘branch’; ‘cabang’ |
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| *saŋit | ‘cry’; ‘tangis’ |
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| *sapat | ‘put, e.g. something on the table’; ‘meletakkan, mis. sesuatu benda di atas meja’ |
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| *sapul | ‘guess’; ‘terka’ |
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| *saput | ‘shroud, wrap’; ‘kafan, bungkus’ |
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| *sapuʔ | ‘meat’; ‘daging’ |
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| *saRowon | ‘advance, front, (face to face), eg the location of the house’; ‘muka, depan, (ber)hadapan, mis letak rumah’ |
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| *saRuk | ‘scoop, dip, e.g. water from the pool’; ‘sauk, ciduk, mis. air dari kolam’ |
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| *sasaʔ | ‘sago or palm leaves (as roofing material for houses)’; ‘daun sagu atau nipah (sebagai bahan atap rumah)’ |
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| *sawa | ‘snake’; ‘ular’ |
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| *sayad | ‘divide, slice’; ‘iris, bagi’ |
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| *sia | ‘he, she, it’; ‘ia’ |
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| *sikal | ‘search’; ‘cari’ |
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| *siku | ‘elbow’; ‘siku’ |
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| *silad | ‘talipot palm’; ‘pohon silar’; ‘Corypha umbraculifera’ |
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| *silok | ‘glance, peep’; ‘kerling, lirik’ |
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| *simuton | ‘salt’; ‘garam’ |
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| *siŋay | ‘sun’; ‘matahari’ |
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| *sinit | ‘cow lice’; ‘kutu sapi’ |
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| *siow | ‘nine’; ‘sembilan’ |
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| *sisig | ‘winnow (rice)’; ‘menampi (beras)’ |
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| *sisik (1) | ‘scrutinize, looking for lice (especially on the head)’; ‘selisik, mencari kutu (terutama di kepala)’ |
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| *sisik (2) | ‘termite, wood eating powder’; ‘rayap, bubuk pemakan kayu’ |
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| *siyup | ‘in the below section’; ‘di (bagian) bawah’ |
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| *soduʔ | ‘sedak, burp’; ‘sedak, serdawa’ |
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| *sogaʔ | ‘light’; ‘lampu’ |
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| *sogisi | ‘ko. rattan’; ‘sej. rotan’; ‘Calamus’ |
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| *sogot | ‘strong (because of a bond)’; ‘kuat (karena ikatan)’ |
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| *solag | ‘big’; ‘besar’ |
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| *solisoy | ‘tropical almond’; ‘pohon ketapang’; ‘Terminalia catappa’ |
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| *solog | ‘current’; ‘arus’ |
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| *sombuŋaʔ | ‘pimple’; ‘jerawat’ |
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| *somot | ‘pin’; ‘peniti’ |
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| *sondo(n)isik(a) | ‘little finger’; ‘(jari) kelingking’ |
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| *soŋa | ‘blow your nose, while narrowing your nostrils with your fingers’; ‘mengeluarkan ingus, sambil mengecilkan lubang hidung dengan jari’ |
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| *soŋit | ‘sharp odor, e.g. underarm odor’; ‘bau yang tajam, mis. bau ketiak’ |
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| *soŋkob | ‘fell’; ‘terjerambab’ |
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| *soŋonu | ‘how many’; ‘berapa’ |
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| *sonsol | ‘regret’; ‘sesal, menyesal’ |
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| *sonsomaʔ | ‘welcome, meet’; ‘songsong, papas’ |
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| *sonsuol | ‘whistle, whistling’; ‘siul, siulan’ |
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| *sopiʔ | ‘banana comb’; ‘sisiran buah pisang’ |
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| *sopoRod | ‘sticky (of the taste of unripe fruit)’; ‘pekat (tentang rasa buah-buahan yang belum masak)’ |
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| *sopuot | ‘fog (after rain)’; ‘kabut (sesudah hujan)’ |
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| *soRaʔ | ‘fish’; ‘ikan’ |
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| *soRom | ‘ant’; ‘semut’ |
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| *soRop | ‘enter, set (of the sun or moon)’; ‘masuk, terbenam (tentang matahri atau bulan)’ |
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| *soRopan | ‘(to the) west (where the sun or moon sets)’; ‘(sebelah) barat (tempat terbenamnya matahri atau bulan)’ |
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| *sosok | ‘lizard’; ‘cecak’ |
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| *sosop | ‘suction, suck’; ‘isap, mengisap’ |
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| *souma | ‘day after tomorrow’; ‘lusa’ |
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| *soʔolus | ‘slick, good, e.g. about the results of work or how to organize something’; ‘apik, bagus, mis. tentang hasil pekerjaan atau cara mengatur sesuatu’ |
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| *suaŋ | ‘fill’; ‘isi’ |
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| *suaŋgoy | ‘maleo bird’; ‘burung maleo’; ‘Macrocephalon maleo’ |
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| *subiŋ | ‘cleft (of a deformed or split lip, especially at the top)’; ‘sumbing (tentang bibir yang cacat atau terbelah, terutama di sebelah atas)’ |
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| *subu | ‘down, e.g. from boat to land’; ‘turun, mis. dari perahu ke darat’ |
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| *sugat | ‘enough, on (adequate)’; ‘cukup, pada (memadai)’ |
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| *sugatan | ‘hit’; ‘kena’ |
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| *suka | ‘vomit’; ‘muntah’ |
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| *sulapid | ‘braid (of hair), chicken (of mat)’; ‘jalin (tentang rambut), ayam (tentang tikar)’ |
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| *suliʔ | ‘reply’; ‘balas’ |
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| *sulug | ‘rooster’; ‘ayam jantan’ |
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| *suluʔ | ‘fire’; ‘api’ |
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| *sumpaŋ | ‘sago’; ‘sagu’; ‘Metroxylon sagu’ |
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| *suŋkud | ‘stick’; ‘tongkat’ |
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| *suŋoy | ‘horn’; ‘tanduk’ |
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| *suot | ‘enter’; ‘masuk’ |
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| *supaʔ | ‘cupak’; ‘cupak’ |
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| *supit | ‘pinch, e.g. clamp down on embers or fire’; ‘jeppit, mis. menjepit bara atau api’ |
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| *supiʔ | ‘rheumatism’; ‘rematik’ |
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| *susu | ‘breasts’; ‘buah dada’ |
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| *susuk | ‘stab’; ‘tusuk’ |
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| *taba | ‘fat, salary’; ‘lemak, gajih’ |
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| *tabaŋ | ‘tastes bland (of the taste of food)’; ‘berasa tawar (tentang rasa makanan)’ |
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| *tabaʔaŋ | ‘ko. shrub’; ‘sej. semak’; ‘Cordyline sp.’ |
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| *tabi | ‘darling’; ‘sayang’ |
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| *tabubuk | ‘ko. tree’; ‘sej. pohon’; ‘Momordica cochinchinensis’ |
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| *tadik | ‘end of the boat that rises slightly upwards (at the bow or stern)’; ‘bagian ujung perahu yang agak menjulang ke atas (di haluan atau buritan)’ |
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| *taguʔ | ‘save’; ‘simpan’ |
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| *takin | ‘friend’; ‘teman’ |
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| *takod | ‘climb (of mountains)’; ‘mendaki (tentang gunung)’ |
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| *takow | ‘steal’; ‘curi’ |
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| *takurak | ‘ko. bird with green feathers’; ‘sej. burung yang bulunya berwarna hijau’ |
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| *tali | ‘rope’; ‘tali’ |
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| *talib | ‘pass, e.g. in front of the house’; ‘lewat, mis. di depan rumah’ |
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| *talow | ‘coward’; ‘penakut, pengecut’ |
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| *talun | ‘forest’; ‘hutan’ |
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| *tami | ‘bland (less sweet)’; ‘tawar (kurang manis)’ |
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| *tampalan | ‘brindle (of the colour of the fur on the cow's body)’; ‘belang-belang (tentang warna bulu pada badan sapi)’ |
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| *tampi(p,r)ik | ‘floundering, e.g. freshly caught fish’; ‘gelepar, mis. ikan yang baru saja ditangkap’ |
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| *tampiʔ | ‘fight (of chickens or other animals)’; ‘berlaga (tentang ayam atau binatang lain)’ |
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| *tandaʔ | ‘marks or blackness on the body that are present from birth’; ‘tanda atau kehitam-hitaman pada badan yang dibawa sejak lahir’ |
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| *taŋag | ‘marry and run away’; ‘kawin bawa lari’ |
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| *taŋkel | ‘box’; ‘bertinju’ |
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| *taŋkiʔ | ‘riddle’; ‘teka-teki’ |
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| *tanok | ‘sugar, e.g. seasoning fish or meat’; ‘menggulai, mis. menggulai ikan atau daging’ |
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| *tanow | ‘look from a (somewhat) high place, e.g. from the top of a mountain or the ridge of a house’; ‘melihat dari tempat yang (agak) tinggi, mis. dari atas puncak gunung atau bubungan rumah’ |
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| *tantuaŋ | ‘ko. shell which can be blown (like a trumpet)’; ‘sej. bia (yang dapat ditiup)’ |
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| *tapuʔ | ‘weight or anchor (usually made of stone)’; ‘pembeban atau sauh (biasanya terbuat dari batu)’ |
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| *tatak | ‘cut, e.g. cut the rope’; ‘potong, mis. memotong tali’ |
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| *tatow | ‘soluble (in water)’; ‘larut (di dalam air)’ |
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| *-tau | ‘person’; ‘orang’ |
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| *taʔu | ‘know’; ‘tahu’ |
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| *tian | ‘stomach’; ‘perut’ |
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| *tiaŋ | ‘call, invite’; ‘panggil, ajak’ |
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| *tigad | ‘land boundary’; ‘batas tanah’ |
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| *tigogow | ‘neck’; ‘leher’ |
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| *tila(i) | ‘for, share’; ‘bagi, membagi’ |
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| *tilig | ‘down (of a mountain)’; ‘menuruni (tentang gunung)’ |
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| *tilon | ‘lime (which is usually eaten with betel or areca nut)’; ‘kapur (yang biasa dimakan dengan sirih atau pinang)’ |
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| *timbaŋ | ‘weigh’; ‘timbang, menimbang’ |
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| *timogaʔ | ‘tin’; ‘timah’ |
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| *tinaʔi | ‘intestines’; ‘usus’ |
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| *tindar | ‘light, ray’; ‘cahaya, sinar’ |
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| *tindog | ‘stand’; ‘berdiri’ |
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| *tiŋa | ‘food residue between the teeth’; ‘sisa makanan di antara gigi’ |
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| *tiŋkod | ‘heel’; ‘tumit’ |
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| *tiŋog | ‘sound’; ‘bunyi’ |
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| *tintak | ‘lift’; ‘angkat’ |
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| *tintiŋ | ‘sound, e.g. drum or bell’; ‘membunyikan, mis. beduk atau lonceng’ |
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| *tiol | ‘foot’; ‘kaki’ |
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| *tipuʔ | ‘pick’; ‘petik’ |
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| *tiRug | ‘Sleep’; ‘tidur’ |
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| *-tiukan | ‘bee’; ‘lebah’ |
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| *toba | ‘part of a river or seashore that is not flooded with water’; ‘bagian sungai atau tepi laut yang tidak digenangi air’ |
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| *tobok | ‘black stains on clothes (due to moisture)’; ‘noda hitam pada baju (karena kelembaban)’ |
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| *togi | ‘owned by, owner’; ‘milik, pemilik’ |
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| *togoʔindop | ‘dream’; ‘mimpi’ |
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| *togumata | ‘red eye disease (not chronic but seasonal)’; ‘penyakit mata merah (bukan menahun tetapi memusim)’ |
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| *tokap | ‘slap’; ‘tampar’ |
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| *tokorut | ‘little’; ‘sedikit’ |
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| *tolitik | ‘cockroach’; ‘kecoa’ |
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| *tolu | ‘three’; ‘tiga’ |
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| *tombolaŋ | ‘ko. bamboo’; ‘sej. bambu’ |
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| *tomborokiki | ‘scissor bird’; ‘burung serigunting’ |
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| *tonaŋow | ‘crop-eating bug, rice pest’; ‘pianggang, walangsangit’ |
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| *tondak | ‘conjecture’; ‘duga, dugaan’ |
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| *tondan | ‘wages, payment’; ‘upah, gaji, bayaran’ |
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| *tondok | ‘fence’; ‘pagar’ |
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| *toŋkod | ‘stop, e.g. blood is flowing’; ‘berhenti, mis. darah yang sedang mengalir’ |
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| *tontobua(n,ŋ) | ‘black bee’; ‘lebah hitam’ |
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| *tontok | ‘stains or colors showing signs of cooking, e.g. on mangoes or bananas’; ‘noda atau warna tanda masak, mis. pada buah mangga atau pisang’ |
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| *tontolawaʔ | ‘spider’; ‘labah-labah’ |
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| *tontolonan | ‘esophagus’; ‘kerongkongan’ |
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| *tontoŋ | ‘look at each other, meeting’; ‘saling tatap, temu pandang’ |
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| *topa(ʔ,ŋ) | ‘strike, e.g. goat by a big snake’; ‘pagut, mis. kambing oleh ular besar’ |
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| *toriʔ | ‘pee’; ‘kencing’ |
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| *toRotap | ‘soreness or pain in the eyes (due to a foreign object or drowsiness)’; ‘kepedihan atau kesakitan mata (karena ada benda asing atau mengantuk)’ |
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| *toRuŋ | ‘wide hat from palm leaves (round shape)’; ‘topi lebar dari daun nipah (bentuknya bundar)’ |
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| *totad | ‘mince, cut into small pieces’; ‘cincang, potong kecil-kecil’ |
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| *totak | ‘fail, fall, e.g. ripe fruit’; ‘gugur, jatuh, mis. buah yang sudah masak’ |
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| *totob | ‘cut down, cut (of trees)’; ‘tebang, potong (tentang pohon)’ |
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| *totoy | ‘small bridge (usually made of bamboo or wooden sticks)’; ‘jembatan kecil (biasanya terbuat dari bambu atau batang kayu)’ |
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| *tuba | ‘derris root (which is usually used to kill fish)’; ‘tuba (yang biasa digunakan untuk membunuh ikan)’; ‘Derris elliptica’ |
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| *tubag | ‘answer, said’; ‘jawab, sahut’ |
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| *tudu | ‘on, above, e.g. put something on the table’; ‘atas, di atas, mis. letak sesuatu benda di atas meja’ |
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| *tugal | ‘digging stick (ground-piercing stakes for rice seedlings)’; ‘tugal (pancang pelubang tanah untuk bibit padi)’ |
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| *tukad | ‘ladder’; ‘tangga’ |
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| *tukaʔ | ‘swallow once, e.g. snake against chicken’; ‘telan sekali, mis. ular terhadap ayam’ |
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| *tukod | ‘stand with a cane’; ‘berdiri dengan menggunakan tongkat’ |
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| *tulan | ‘bone’; ‘tulang’ |
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| *tulid | ‘straight’; ‘lurus’ |
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| *tuli(ŋ) | ‘earwax’; ‘kotoran telinga’ |
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| *tulud | ‘push’; ‘dorong’ |
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| *tuma | ‘clothing lice’; ‘tuma, kutu baju’ |
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| *tumpalak | ‘frog’; ‘katak’ |
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| *tumpiŋ | ‘wart, swelling’; ‘kutil, bengkakan’ |
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| *tundug | ‘follow, next’; ‘ikut, susul’ |
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| *tunduʔ | ‘point’; ‘tunjuk’ |
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| *tuŋow | ‘mite’; ‘tungau’ |
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| *tuntuŋ | ‘punch forcefully (especially in the back of the body)’; ‘meninju dengan kuat (terutama di bagian belakang badan)’ |
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| *tunu | ‘burn’; ‘bakar’ |
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| *turak | ‘stab’; ‘tusuk’ |
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| *turaʔ | ‘gluttonous (of how to eat)’; ‘rakus (tentang cara makan)’ |
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| *tuRub | ‘roast, smoke’; ‘panggang, mengasapi’ |
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| *tutuk | ‘peck’; ‘patuk’ |
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| *tutuŋ | ‘burn, scorched’; ‘bakar, hangus’ |
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| *tuʔod | ‘single tree (remaining on the ground)’; ‘tunggal pohon (yang tersisa di tanah)’ |
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| *-tuʔu | ‘right, correct’; ‘betul, benar’ |
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| *uab | ‘evaporate’; ‘menguab’ |
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| *ualaʔ | ‘molar’; ‘geraham’ |
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| *-ukaʔ- | ‘shell’; ‘tempurung’ |
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| *ulag | ‘snake’; ‘ular’ |
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| *unap | ‘fish scale’; ‘sisik ikan’ |
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| *unon | ‘orphan’; ‘(anak) yatim piatu’ |
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| *uoy | ‘rattan’; ‘rotan’; ‘Calamus’ |
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| *uRaŋ | ‘shrimp’; ‘udang’ |
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| *(w)abol | ‘weave’; ‘tenun, menenun’ |
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| *(w)abu | ‘ash, dust’; ‘abu, debu, dapur’ |
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| *wagat | ‘rainy season’; ‘musim hujan’ |
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| *(w)agom | ‘soak’; ‘rendam’ |
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| *(w)agow | ‘plunder, seize’; ‘rampas, rebut’ |
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| *wakat | ‘root’; ‘akar’ |
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| *(w)akol | ‘sugar palm tree’; ‘pohon enau’; ‘Arenga saccharifera, Arenga pinnata’ |
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| *(w)aku(ʔoy) | ‘I’; ‘aku’ |
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| *(w)alit | ‘rope made of animal skin, especially buffalo skin’; ‘tali dari kulit binatang, khususnya kulit kerbau’ |
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| *walu | ‘eight’; ‘delapan’ |
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| *(w)anak | ‘child’; ‘anak’ |
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| *waŋga | ‘boat’; ‘perahu’ |
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| *(w)aŋkub | ‘close, protect’; ‘tutup, lindung’ |
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| *(w)aŋob | ‘deep, deep part of the river’; ‘lubuk, bagian sungai yang dalam’ |
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| *(w)aŋod | ‘soft palate’; ‘langit-langit lembut’ |
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| *(w)anoy | ‘termite’; ‘anai-anai’ |
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| *(w)antog | ‘core, middle, e.g. on a wooden stick’; ‘inti, bagian tengah, mis. pada batang kayu’ |
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| *(w)antol | ‘something stuck in the middle, e.g. thorns or sticks between the fingers’; ‘sesuatu yang tertancap di tengah-tengah, mis. duri atau lidi di antara jari tangan’ |
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| *(w)anut | ‘invite, encourage’; ‘ajak, undang’ |
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| *(w)aog | ‘elephant bamboo’; ‘sej. bambu yang batangnya besar, betung’; ‘Dendrocalamus asper’ |
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| *(w)apid | ‘attached, huddled together’; ‘dempet, berdempet’ |
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| *(w)aRoy | ‘chin’; ‘dagu’ |
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| *wasik | ‘shout, scream’; ‘teriak, teriakan’ |
||
| *wasi(n,ŋ) | ‘salt’; ‘garam’ |
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| *wasoy | ‘iron’; ‘besi’ |
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| *(w)ata | ‘slave’; ‘budak’ |
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| *watok | ‘step’; ‘tiri’ |
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| *(w)atop | ‘roof’; ‘atap rumah’ |
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| *(w)a(w)ak | ‘body, self’; ‘badan, diri’ |
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| *(w)obol | ‘smoke’; ‘asap’ |
||
| *(w)obuʔ | ‘cough’; ‘batuk’ |
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| *(wo)gotaʔ | ‘waist’; ‘pinggang’ |
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| *(w)olaʔ | ‘subside, stop, e.g. about heavy rain’; ‘reda, berhenti, mis. tentang hujan yang lebat’ |
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| *(w)olot | ‘between’; ‘antara, di antara’ |
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| *(w)oluʔ | ‘dew’; ‘embun’ |
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| *(w)oluʔon | ‘be, exist’; ‘ada’ |
||
| *(w)ompaʔ | ‘low’; ‘rendah’ |
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| *(w)ompu | ‘grandchild’; ‘cucu’ |
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| *(w)ondu | ‘sun’; ‘matahari’ |
||
| *(w)onom | ‘six’; ‘enam’ |
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| *(w)opat | ‘four’; ‘empat’ |
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| *(w)ota | ‘he’; ‘dia’ |
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| *(w)otut | ‘fart’; ‘kentut’ |
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| *(w)oyoŋ | ‘calm, subsided, e.g. about rain or storms’; ‘tenang, reda, mis. tentang hujan atau angin ribut’ |
||
| *(w)ugat (1) | ‘seeds (numeral classifier)’; ‘biji (kata bantu bilangan)’ |
||
| *(w)ugat (2) | ‘veins’; ‘urat nadi’ |
||
| *(w)ulas | ‘sweat’; ‘keringat’ |
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| *(w)ulat | ‘Wait’; ‘tunggu’ |
||
| *(w)ulid | ‘lie down’; ‘baring’ |
||
| *(w)ulin | ‘rudder (on a boat)’; ‘kemudi (pada perahu)’ |
||
| *(wu)lipa(n,ŋ) | ‘centipede’; ‘lipan’ |
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| *(w)ulit | ‘nature or temperament of liking to bring up things in the past, like to mention it again’; ‘sifat atau perangai suka mengungkit-ungkit hal-hal yang telah lalu, suka menyebut-nyebut kembali’ |
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| *(w)uliʔ | ‘return’; ‘kembali’ |
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| *(w)ulod | ‘caterpillar’; ‘ulat’ |
||
| *(w)ulos | ‘(cloth) blanket’; ‘(kain) selimut’ |
||
| *(w)ulu | ‘head’; ‘kepala’ |
||
| *(w)ulunan | ‘pillow’; ‘bantal kepala’ |
||
| *(w)umpag | ‘fall down (of a tree)’; ‘rebah (tentang pohon)’ |
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| *(w)umpuŋ | ‘demon, ghost’; ‘setan, hantu’ |
||
| *(w)undam | ‘drug’; ‘obat’ |
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| *(w)uŋkuʔ | ‘dog’; ‘anjing’ |
||
| *(w)untu | ‘uphold’; ‘menjunjung’ |
||
| *(w)upas | ‘banana skin’; ‘kulit batang pisang’ |
||
| *(w)uRan | ‘rain’; ‘hujan’ |
||
| *(w)usai(k,g) | ‘drive away’; ‘usir’ |
||
| *(w)usat | ‘brother (for family relationships, not greetings)’; ‘saudara (untuk hubungan kekluargaan, bukan kata sapaan)’ |
||
| *(w)uti | ‘penis’; ‘batang kemaluan (pada laki-laki)’ |
||
| *(w)utok | ‘brain’; ‘otak’ |
||
| *(w)u(w,b)an | ‘gray hair’; ‘uban’ |
||
| *yansunaʔ | ‘onion’; ‘bawang’ |
||
| *(y)ibog | ‘saliva’; ‘air liur’ |
||
| *(y)ibuŋ | ‘salt’; ‘garam’ |
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| *-(y)igi | ‘pillar, post supporting the house’; ‘pilar, tiang topang rumah’ |
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| *(y)ikow | ‘you’; ‘kau’ |
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| *(y)ilad | ‘drying’; ‘jemur’ |
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| *(y)ilig | ‘downstream, drifting downstream through the river’; ‘menghilir, menghanyutkan diri ke hilir melalui sungai’ |
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| *(y)imantuŋ | ‘stockade, foot cuffs are made from planks or wooden sticks’; ‘pasungan, borgol kaki terbuat dari papan atau batang kayu’ |
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| *(y)imbalu | ‘scold’; ‘tegur’ |
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| *(y)imok | ‘gather’; ‘kumpul’ |
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| *(y)inalug | ‘road’; ‘jalan’ |
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| *(y)inambal | ‘ko. grilled dishes’; ‘sej. masakan panggang’ |
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| *(y)indaŋ | ‘miang (on bamboo or rice stems/leaves)’; ‘miang (pada batang/daun bambu atau padi)’ |
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| *(y)inianaʔ | ‘placenta’; ‘ari-ari, tembuni’ |
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| *(y)inolus | ‘wrapped rice’; ‘nasi bungkus’ |
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| *-(y)insan | ‘one time’; ‘satu kali’ |
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| *(y)insuol | ‘whistle, whistling’; ‘siul, siulan’ |
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| *(y)intadon | ‘let, come on (word of invitation)’; ‘mari, ayo(kata ajakan)’ |
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| *(y)intaluʔ | ‘defecate’; ‘buang air besar’ |
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| *(y)intiŋa | ‘prick (between) teeth’; ‘tusuk (antara) gigi’ |
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| *(y)inum | ‘drink’; ‘minum’ |
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| *(y)ipa(ʔ,g) | ‘brother-in-law’; ‘ipar’ |
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| *(y)ipil | ‘ironwood’; ‘kayu besi’; ‘Inocarpus’ |
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| *(y)isog | ‘play’; ‘main, bermain’ |
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| *(y)itaʔ | ‘do it between the groin and the genitals’; ‘lakukan di antara pangkal paha dan kemaluan’ |
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| *(y)itom | ‘black’; ‘hitam’ |