OUTOFPAPUA database: Lexicons of the West Papuan language area

‘perfective marker’ (eng)

‘verbal infix marking actor voice for intransitive verbs, and of inchoatives’ (eng)

‘3sg. object’ (eng)

‘imperative suffix’ (eng)

‘subjunctive suffix’ (eng)

‘article’ (eng)

‘conjunction: and’ (eng)

‘exclamation, interjection’ (eng)

‘hesitation particle’ (eng)

‘ligature’ (eng)

‘doll’ (eng)

‘father’ (eng)

‘exclamation: ah!, oh!, alas!’ (eng)

‘ambush, block the way, obstacle, hindrance’ (eng)

‘ditch’ (eng)

‘rent’ (eng)

‘give a supporting hand’ (eng)

‘high, lofty’ (eng)

‘climb’ (eng)

‘fish sp.’ (eng)

‘long (of objects)’ (eng)

‘collect, gather’ (eng)

‘beetle’ (eng)

‘dust’ (eng)

‘ash’ (eng)

‘buttocks’ (eng)

‘pull up, root up’ (eng)

‘dove, pigeon’ (eng)

‘long (of objects)’ (eng)

‘k.o. plant’ (eng); ‘Pipturus argenteus’ (lat)

‘near’ (eng)

‘that, there’ (eng)

‘no, not’ (eng)

‘compete, confront in a contest’ (eng)

‘exclamation of pain, distress, etc.’ (eng)

‘six (of humans)’ (eng)

‘four (of humans)’ (eng)

‘one (of humans)’ (eng)

‘sieve, sift’ (eng)

‘consider, think’ (eng)

‘k.o. tree’ (eng); ‘Aporosa spp.’ (lat)

‘hold, grip’ (eng)

‘overcast’ (eng)

‘use, get use from’ (eng)

‘and, also’ (eng)

‘come’ (eng)

‘interjection, exclamation of surprise, incredulity, etc.’ (eng)

‘name’ (eng)

‘exclamation of pain or surprise’ (eng)

‘elder sibling’ (eng)

‘cackling laughter’ (eng)

‘elder sibling (vocative)’ (eng)

‘take a long step, step over something’ (eng)

‘elder sibling (vocative)’ (eng)

‘root’ (eng)

‘1sg oblique’ (eng)

‘preposition, on, upon, applicative marker’ (eng)

‘cry of a monkey’ (eng)

‘grandfather, ancestor’ (eng)

‘1sg nominative, I’ (eng)

‘acknowledge, receive, accept’ (eng)

‘take, get, fetch, obtain, marry’ (eng)

‘taken’ (eng)

‘kind of large red tree ant with bad bite’ (eng)

‘halibut, sole, flounder’ (eng)

‘insufficient, half-heartedly’ (eng)

‘fetch, get, take’ (eng)

‘what is taken (?)’ (eng)

‘fetch, get, take’ (eng)

‘defeat’ (eng)

‘fetch, get, take’ (eng)

‘resemble’ (eng)

‘taken’ (eng)

‘far’ (eng)

‘dark, night’ (eng)

‘quick, fast’ (eng)

‘move, change place’ (eng)

‘firebrand, unconsumed wood in a fire, charred wood’ (eng)

‘put in or over a fire’ (eng)

‘type of canoe’ (eng)

‘paddle’ (eng)

‘howl (of dogs)’ (eng)

‘shade, shadow’ (eng)

‘burning brand, charred or smoldering wood’ (eng)

‘stepfather’ (eng)

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

‘uncle’ (eng)

‘father (voc.)’ (eng)

‘mat’ (eng)

‘father (voc.)’ (eng)

‘dare to do something’ (eng)

‘father (voc.)’ (eng)

‘eat’ (eng)

‘eating place (?)’ (eng)

‘tree sp.’ (eng)

‘continuous, unceasing’ (eng)

‘father’ (eng)

‘stamp or smack against’ (eng)

‘wild mango’ (eng)

‘wave back and forth’ (eng)

‘mat’ (eng)

‘belly strap’ (eng)

‘strap, something wrapped around’ (eng)

‘extension to house’ (eng)

‘seize with the hands’ (eng)

‘dew, mist, fog’ (eng)

‘proud, haughty’ (eng)

‘high, lofty’ (eng)

‘1pl ex oblique’ (eng)

‘1pl ex oblique’ (eng)

‘1pl. excl. nominative pronoun, we (exclusive)’ (eng)

‘any plant with hairs that sting or cause itchiness’ (eng)

‘all, finished’ (eng)

‘beetle sp.’ (eng)

‘empty husk (of rice, etc.)’ (eng)

‘type of finch, rice bird’ (eng)

‘stanch the flow (as of blood)’ (eng)

‘wind-driven rain’ (eng)

‘pat, clap’ (eng)

‘roll of leaves or cloth’ (eng)

‘grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)’ (eng)

‘scatter, disperse’ (eng)

‘pardon, forgiveness’ (eng)

‘pardon, forgiveness’ (eng)

‘2pl. nominative pronoun’ (eng)

‘verbal suffix marking locative voice, nominal suffix marking location’ (eng)

‘shrub or small tree’ (eng); ‘Abroma augusta L.’ (lat)

‘long (of objects)’ (eng)

‘child, offspring, son, daughter, brother's child (man speaking), sister's child (woman speaking), young animal or plant, young, small (for its kind), dependent or component part of something larger, native, resident, inhabitant, interest on a loan’ (eng)

‘neonate’ (eng)

‘first-born, eldest child’ (eng)

‘small child’ (eng)

‘doll (?)’ (eng)

‘twin’ (eng)

‘wife-taking lineage’ (eng)

‘wife-taking lineage’ (eng)

‘wife-taking lineage’ (eng)

‘relative (?)’ (eng)

‘maiden, virgin, girl of marriageable age’ (eng)

‘fellow villager, fellow community-member’ (eng)

‘small stones, gravel’ (eng)

‘sparks of fire’ (eng)

‘step or rung of a ladder’ (eng)

‘young tree, sprout’ (eng)

‘rice pestle’ (eng)

‘little finger, pinkie’ (eng)

‘chick, baby chicken’ (eng)

‘pupil of the eye’ (eng)

‘arrow’ (eng)

‘slave (?)’ (eng)

‘blowpipe dart’ (eng)

‘someone else's child’ (eng)

‘wife-giving lineage’ (eng)

‘wife-giving lineage’ (eng)

‘uvula’ (eng)

‘pupil of the eye (‘child of the eye’)’ (eng)

‘give birth’ (eng)

‘brother's child (man speaking), sister's child (woman speaking)’ (eng)

‘plait (mats, baskets, etc.)’ (eng)

‘what has been plaited or woven’ (eng)

‘that’ (eng)

‘child’ (eng)

‘dehortatory exclamation’ (eng)

‘cheek’ (eng)

‘insect of the order Isoptera: termite, white ant’ (eng)

‘eaten by termites, damaged by termites’ (eng)

‘phosphorescent centipede (?)’ (eng)

‘ancestors’ (eng)

‘long (of objects)’ (eng)

‘plait, braid’ (eng)

‘open the mouth wide’ (eng)

‘challenge, confront’ (eng)

‘departure (?)’ (eng)

‘stench of sweaty armpits’ (eng)

‘stench of sweaty armpits’ (eng)

‘young’ (eng)

‘stench’ (eng)

‘think carefully about, consider’ (eng)

‘aromatic odor’ (eng)

‘lift, raise, pick up’ (eng)

‘hold up, keep aloft’ (eng)

‘lift, raise up’ (eng)

‘covering, lid’ (eng)

‘bite’ (eng)

‘cover’ (eng)

‘scoop up with both hands, double handful’ (eng)

‘silly, senile, doting’ (eng)

‘echo’ (eng)

‘large snake sp.’ (eng)

‘roam about’ (eng)

‘still, calm, quiet’ (eng)

‘thing whose name is unknown, avoided, or cannot be remembered: what?’ (eng)

‘thing of uncertainty’ (eng)

‘my unnamed thing: mine’ (eng)

‘fruit-bearing plant’ (eng); ‘Pisonia umbellifera’ (lat)

‘your unnamed thing: yours’ (eng)

‘his/her unnamed thing: his/hers’ (eng)

‘stamp the feet’ (eng)

‘what?’ (eng)

‘something, anything, everything’ (eng)

‘what? which?’ (eng)

‘armpit, crotch’ (eng)

‘hindrance, obstacle’ (eng)

‘taste of unripe banana, slightly bitter or astringent taste’ (eng)

‘braid’ (eng)

‘lie in stacks, one on top of the other’ (eng)

‘type of finch, rice bird’ (eng)

‘kind of rattan’ (eng)

‘dust’ (eng)

‘float’ (eng)

‘floating’ (eng)

‘tree fern’ (eng)

‘betel chew’ (eng)

‘negative marker: no, not’ (eng)

‘plant with sharp leaves’ (eng)

‘walk single-file, positioned one behind the other’ (eng)

‘walk single-file, positioned one behind the other’ (eng)

‘harvest’ (eng)

‘nobility, member of the chiefly class’ (eng)

‘kind of fern’ (eng)

‘come, toward the speaker, let’s go!’ (eng)

‘come, toward the speaker’ (eng)

‘scrape, shave (as rattan)’ (eng)

‘shore tree’ (eng); ‘Casuarina equisetifolia’ (lat)

‘one’ (eng)

‘incite, urge on, stir up’ (eng)

‘mortise and tenon joint’ (eng)

‘dry out, become dry’ (eng)

‘incense, ritual smoke’ (eng)

‘fermented rice’ (eng)

‘flesh’ (eng)

‘show off’ (eng)

‘pretend’ (eng)

‘pretend’ (eng)

‘dog’ (eng)

‘fetch water, scoop up water’ (eng)

‘shaman in ritual transvestite attire’ (eng)

‘smoke, soot’ (eng)

‘incite, spur to action’ (eng)

‘k.o. plant’ (eng); ‘Cassia sp.’ (lat)

‘1pl. incl. possessive pronoun: our’ (eng)

‘cover’ (eng)

‘persist in an endeavor’ (eng)

‘block, obstruct, something which separates one area from another’ (eng)

‘carry on a shoulder pole between two people’ (eng)

‘crossbeam’ (eng)

‘unhusked rice grain left among the husked grains’ (eng)

‘flat, level’ (eng)

‘high, tall’ (eng)

‘death’ (eng)

‘itch, itchy’ (eng)

‘1p plural absolute possessive pronoun: ours (incl.)’ (eng)

‘we (incl.)’ (eng)

‘1pl in oblique’ (eng)

‘negative marker’ (eng)

‘there (distant)’ (eng)

‘bedbug’ (eng)

‘pinch together’ (eng)

‘provoke a fight’ (eng)

‘away, outward, forward, onward, towards the hearer’ (eng)

‘away from speaker’ (eng)

‘smoke’ (eng)

‘stone wall’ (eng)

‘yes’ (eng)

‘question particle’ (eng)

‘atmosphere, space between earth and sky’ (eng)

‘help, assistance’ (eng)

‘beckon with the hand’ (eng)

‘face’ (eng)

‘I don't know!’ (eng)

‘rattan variety’ (eng)

‘rushing of water in a river’ (eng)

‘cloth cover’ (eng)

‘exclamation of annoyance, surprise, etc.’ (eng)

‘father’s sister, father’s sister’s husband’ (eng)

‘follow, walk after’ (eng)

‘sift, separate by sifting’ (eng)

‘sieve, strainer’ (eng)

‘plait, weave’ (eng)

‘threaten, confront violently’ (eng)

‘raid, go headhunting’ (eng)

‘copulate, have sexual intercourse’ (eng)

‘block, hinder, obstruct’ (eng)

‘swing, oscillate’ (eng)

‘monkey sp.’ (eng)

‘swing, sway, rock’ (eng)

‘copulate, have sexual intercourse’ (eng)

‘summon others to join an activity’ (eng)

‘term of address to males’ (eng)

‘buzzing, droning, humming’ (eng)

‘woman, wife’ (eng)

‘was awakened by someone’ (eng)

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

‘was tied by winding around’ (eng)

‘was crushed or pulverized, what is crushed or pulverized’ (eng)

‘was spread out’ (eng)

‘have been split, cloven in two’ (eng)

‘was bought by someone’ (eng)

‘tattooed, marked with a design’ (eng)

‘thrown away or discarded’ (eng)

‘place where ridgepole covering has been attached’ (eng)

‘was done, was loaded’ (eng)

‘secret, hidden’ (eng)

‘was killed, one that was killed’ (eng)

‘have become rotten’ (eng)

‘become hard or stonelike, harden’ (eng)

‘walk in the moonlight’ (eng)

‘conjunction: or, if, perhaps, because’ (eng)

‘interjection or exclamation’ (eng)

‘postverbal interrogative particle’ (eng)

‘preposition: at, on, in, to’ (eng)

‘under, below’ (eng)

‘woman, female’ (eng)

‘carry a person pick-a-back, ride pick-a-back’ (eng)

‘father’ (eng)

‘reproduce, multiply’ (eng)

‘woman, female’ (eng)

‘group, company, collection, swarm’ (eng)

‘lower surface, bottom, short, low, below, beneath, under’ (eng)

‘width, breadth’ (eng)

‘blown off course’ (eng)

‘belly of an animal’ (eng)

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

‘rat, mouse’ (eng)

‘shallow’ (eng)

‘upper surface, top, highlands, on, upon, over, above’ (eng)

‘weed (a garden, etc.)’ (eng)

‘bird sp.’ (eng)

‘epilepsy’ (eng)

‘pig’ (eng)

‘sowbug, woodlouse: terrestrial isopod of the genus Oniscus’ (eng)

‘domesticated pig’ (eng)

‘wild pig’ (eng)

‘domesticated pig’ (eng)

‘pigpen, pigsty, piggery’ (eng)

‘muddy, waterlogged (of ground)’ (eng)

‘broomcorn millet’ (eng); ‘Panicum miliaceum’ (lat)

‘sexually impotent’ (eng)

‘hoe, chop up soil’ (eng)

‘grit, coarse sand, gravel’ (eng)

‘draw a line’ (eng)

‘nervous spell’ (eng)

‘dagger’ (eng)

‘jackfruit sp.’ (eng)

‘fish sp.’ (eng)

‘foolish’ (eng)

‘overgrown, clumsy, sluggish’ (eng)

‘k.o. plant’ (eng); ‘Amorphophallus sp.’ (lat)

‘same kind or type, fitting, well-matched, suitable’ (eng)

‘molar tooth’ (eng)

‘shrub or tree’ (eng); ‘Gnetum gnemon’ (lat)

‘disease that causes swelling of body parts’ (eng)

‘laugh boisterously’ (eng)

‘flood, overflow, in flood’ (eng)

‘mouth’ (eng)

‘loincloth’ (eng)

‘cold (of leftover food), leftovers from a meal’ (eng)

‘hairy vine’ (eng); ‘Pueraria hirsuta’ (lat)

‘female, woman, wife, female of animals’ (eng)

‘odor, stench’ (eng)

‘give off an odor (?)’ (eng)

‘smelled by someone’ (eng)

‘odor, stench’ (eng)

‘mix foods (as in preparing pig’s fodder)’ (eng)

‘mixed, mixture’ (eng)

‘co-parent-in-law, kinship tie between the parents of a married couple’ (eng)

‘become a co-parent-in-law (?)’ (eng)

‘good, kind, pleasant’ (eng)

‘tell, inform, ask, inquire’ (eng)

‘loosen, untie, unwrap, unravel, clear forest (fig.?)’ (eng)

‘clap! smack!’ (eng)

‘negative marker’ (eng)

‘conjunction: despite, nonetheless’ (eng)

‘bird, kingfisher’ (eng)

‘k.o. tree’ (eng); ‘Litsea spp.’ (lat)

‘bowlegged’ (eng)

‘spread apart, split’ (eng)

‘k.o. small basket with a handle’ (eng)

‘kind of basket’ (eng)

‘loosen, undo, untie’ (eng)

‘swift, strong, energetic, fast’ (eng)

‘waves, heavy weather at sea’ (eng)

‘peel off (of skin), remove the bark of a tree’ (eng)

‘sound of heavy clapping or pounding, smacking sound’ (eng)

‘peel off, remove bark’ (eng)

‘mangrove’ (eng)

‘fish corral’ (eng)

‘bruise marks’ (eng)

‘belt, anything that encircles tightly’ (eng)

‘scab, crust’ (eng)

‘fish sp. (presumably sea-bream)’ (eng)

‘fish, sea-bream’ (eng); ‘Sparus hasta’ (lat)

‘kind of basket made of woven bamboo strips’ (eng)

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

‘kind of pandanus’ (eng)

‘lily-like plant’ (eng); ‘Crinum asiaticum L.’ (lat)

‘adze, shape wood with an adze’ (eng)

‘pen, enclosure for domesticated animals’ (eng)

‘whatever, whichever’ (eng)

‘rat, mouse’ (eng)

‘spear, harpoon’ (eng)

‘blurred (of vision)’ (eng)

‘dagger’ (eng)

‘thwart, crosspiece (as one used to restrain person), lie athwart or across’ (eng)

‘hips’ (eng)

‘edible marine fish’ (eng)

‘grasshopper, locust’ (eng)

‘tree sp.’ (eng)

‘bird, woodpecker’ (eng)

‘scratch or wale on the skin’ (eng)

‘sea fish: the mullet’ (eng)

‘scar’ (eng)

‘spotted, striped, multi-colored’ (eng)

‘shallow earthenware cooking pot or pan’ (eng)

‘inattentive’ (eng)

‘spring back suddenly, spring-set spear trap, constellation Orion’ (eng)

‘split, divide’ (eng)

‘pale, unnaturally white’ (eng)

‘scratch or wale on the skin’ (eng)

‘vine’ (eng)

‘kind of ladder’ (eng)

‘mung bean’ (eng); ‘Phaseolus spp.’ (lat)

‘k.o. tree, resinous substance obtained from this tree’ (eng); ‘probably Dipterocarpus spp.’ (lat)

‘public building, community house, guest house’ (eng)

‘beating stick, hit, beat (esp. clothes in washing them)’ (eng)

‘dull-witted, stupid’ (eng)

‘border, boundary’ (eng)

‘butterfly’ (eng)

‘preserve meat in salt or brine’ (eng)

‘spotted, streaked’ (eng)

‘answer, retaliate, reciprocate good or evil’ (eng)

‘complete, perfect something’ (eng)

‘become, happen’ (eng)

‘equal, equivalent’ (eng)

‘lie, deception’ (eng)

‘reverse, turn around’ (eng)

‘shaman (probably a transvestite or hermaphrodite), shamaness, shamanistic ceremony’ (eng)

‘fish sp.’ (eng)

‘fish sp.’ (eng)

‘weaver's sword (lath used to beat in and tighten the woof)’ (eng)

‘kind of grass’ (eng)

‘reverse, turn around’ (eng)

‘scapula, shoulder blade’ (eng)

‘turn, revolve’ (eng)

‘bent, twisted’ (eng)

‘misunderstand, fail to grasp’ (eng)

‘spiral or circle round’ (eng)

‘k.o. tree and its edible fruit, starfruit’ (eng); ‘Averrhoa bilimbi, Averrhoa carambola’ (lat)

‘piece of wood used for a purpose, lie athwart (as a beam)’ (eng)

‘somersault’ (eng)

‘fracture, break’ (eng)

‘adze, axe’ (eng)

‘change, exchange, repeat, return, again’ (eng)

‘cluster (b) == repay, return in kind, retaliate, take revenge (hence: to equalize a loss or debt)’ (eng)

‘cluster (c) == don mourning apparel, mourn for a deceased spouse’ (eng)

‘dual division, moiety == cluster (a) answer, oppose, opposite side or part, partner, friend, enemy’ (eng)

‘wild duck’ (eng)

‘kind of grass’ (eng)

‘k.o. plant yielding useful fibers’ (eng); ‘Thespesia populnea’ (lat)

‘rice pestle’ (eng)

‘some, some more’ (eng)

‘widow(er)’ (eng)

‘widow(er)’ (eng)

‘dove: probably’ (eng); ‘Ducula spp.’ (lat)

‘kind of sailing boat’ (eng)

‘sell’ (eng)

‘thick or hard skin, buffalo hide, leather, callus’ (eng)

‘bind, bundle, wrap in cloth, death shroud, cloth(ing)’ (eng)

‘provisions for a journey’ (eng)

‘k.o. tree’ (eng); ‘Mangifera sp.’ (lat)

‘k.o. tree with edible fruit, and medicinal uses’ (eng); ‘probably Buchanania arborescens’ (lat)

‘mourn the dead’ (eng)

‘vine’ (eng); ‘Entada scandens’ (lat)

‘mix’ (eng)

‘roll or wrap something up’ (eng)

‘fish, snapper’ (eng); ‘Lutjanus spp.’ (lat)

‘thread, yarn’ (eng)

‘husband’ (eng)

‘radiance (as of rising sun)’ (eng)

‘thorny vine’ (eng); ‘Smilax spp.’ (lat)

‘Indian tulip tree’ (eng); ‘Thespesia populnea’ (lat)

‘hit, beat, thrash’ (eng)

‘stretch’ (eng)

‘lake’ (eng)

‘thorny vine’ (eng); ‘Smilax spp.’ (lat)

‘wash the hands’ (eng)

‘open space’ (eng)

‘k.o. plant, bast fibers of which are used in binding and plaiting’ (eng); ‘Maranta dichotoma’ (lat)

‘goat hair decoration on a spear or staff’ (eng)

‘pair of boats joined by a connecting platform’ (eng)

‘fish-corral, screen trap for fish’ (eng)

‘slime, slimy’ (eng)

‘sneeze’ (eng)

‘palm sp.’ (eng)

‘wide open’ (eng)

‘open the mouth’ (eng)

‘paddy bug, foul-smelling insect that preys on rice in the field’ (eng)

‘broad, spacious’ (eng)

‘butterfly, moth, butterfly fish’ (eng)

‘cavity, pit, den, excavate a pit’ (eng)