Source entries: Blust & Trussel (2019h)

Blust & Trussel (2019h): Proto-Western Malayo-Polynesian

Original citation: Blust, Robert and Stephen Trussel. 2019. Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition. URL: www.trussel2.com/ACD

Notes on this source: Edited by Allahverdi Verdizade

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Headword	IPA	Glosses
*<in>		‘perfective marker’
*<um>		‘verbal infix marking actor voice for intransitive verbs, and of inchoatives’
*-a		‘3sg. object’
*-a		‘imperative suffix’
*-a		‘subjunctive suffix’
*a		‘article’
*a		‘conjunction: and’
*a		‘exclamation, interjection’
*a		‘hesitation particle’
*a		‘ligature’
*a-anak-an		‘doll’
*aba		‘father’
*abá		‘exclamation: ah!, oh!, alas!’
*abaŋ		‘ambush, block the way, obstacle, hindrance’
*abaŋ		‘ditch’
*abaŋ		‘rent’
*abat		‘give a supporting hand’
*abaw		‘high, lofty’
*abit		‘climb’
*abu abu		‘fish sp.’
*abuat		‘long (of objects)’
*abun		‘collect, gather’
*abuqaŋ		‘beetle’
*abuR		‘dust’
*abus		‘ash’
*abut		‘buttocks’
*abut		‘pull up, root up’
*acaŋ		‘dove, pigeon’
*adaduq		‘long (of objects)’
*adamay		‘k.o. plant’; ‘Pipturus argenteus’
*adani		‘near’
*a-di		‘that, there’
*adi		‘no, not’
*adu		‘compete, confront in a contest’
*aduq		‘exclamation of pain, distress, etc.’
*a-enem		‘six (of humans)’
*a-epat		‘four (of humans)’
*a-esa		‘one (of humans)’
*agag		‘sieve, sift’
*agam		‘consider, think’
*agas		‘k.o. tree’; ‘Aporosa spp.’
*agem		‘hold, grip’
*agem		‘overcast’
*agem		‘use, get use from’
*agu		‘and, also’
*ai		‘come’
*ai		‘interjection, exclamation of surprise, incredulity, etc.’
*ajan		‘name’
*ajiq		‘exclamation of pain or surprise’
*aka		‘elder sibling’
*akak		‘cackling laughter’
*aka-ŋ		‘elder sibling (vocative)’
*akaŋ		‘take a long step, step over something’
*aka-q		‘elder sibling (vocative)’
*akaR		‘root’
*aken		‘1sg oblique’
*aken		‘preposition, on, upon, applicative marker’
*akerahaq		‘cry of a monkey’
*aki		‘grandfather, ancestor’
*aku		‘1sg nominative, I’
*aku-en		‘acknowledge, receive, accept’
*ala		‘take, get, fetch, obtain, marry’
*ala-en		‘taken’
*alagaq		‘kind of large red tree ant with bad bite’
*alali		‘halibut, sole, flounder’
*alaŋ-alaŋ		‘insufficient, half-heartedly’
*alap		‘fetch, get, take’
*alap-an		‘what is taken (?)’
*alap-en		‘fetch, get, take’
*alaq		‘defeat’
*alaq		‘fetch, get, take’
*alaq		‘resemble’
*alaq-en		‘taken’
*alawid		‘far’
*alem		‘dark, night’
*alikas		‘quick, fast’
*aliq		‘move, change place’
*aliten		‘firebrand, unconsumed wood in a fire, charred wood’
*alub		‘put in or over a fire’
*alud		‘type of canoe’
*aluja		‘paddle’
*aluluŋ		‘howl (of dogs)’
*aluŋ		‘shade, shadow’
*aluten		‘burning brand, charred or smoldering wood’
*ama ama		‘stepfather’
*ama-an		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*ama-en		‘uncle’
*ama-i		‘father (voc.)’
*amak		‘mat’
*amá-ŋ		‘father (voc.)’
*amaŋ amaŋ		‘dare to do something’
*ama-q		‘father (voc.)’
*amaq		‘eat’
*amaq-an		‘eating place (?)’
*amaRa		‘tree sp.’
*amat		‘continuous, unceasing’
*amax		‘father’
*ambak		‘stamp or smack against’
*ambawaŋ		‘wild mango’
*ambay		‘wave back and forth’
*a(m)bek		‘mat’
*amben		‘belly strap’
*ambet		‘strap, something wrapped around’
*ambiq		‘extension to house’
*ambit		‘seize with the hands’
*ambun		‘dew, mist, fog’
*ambuŋ		‘proud, haughty’
*ambuq		‘high, lofty’
*amen		‘1pl ex oblique’
*ameq		‘1pl ex oblique’
*ami		‘1pl. excl. nominative pronoun, we (exclusive)’
*amiaŋ		‘any plant with hairs that sting or cause itchiness’
*amin		‘all, finished’
*ampal		‘beetle sp.’
*ampaw		‘empty husk (of rice, etc.)’
*ampeRij		‘type of finch, rice bird’
*ampet		‘stanch the flow (as of blood)’
*ampias		‘wind-driven rain’
*ampik		‘pat, clap’
*ampin		‘roll of leaves or cloth’
*ampu		‘grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)’
*ampuk		‘scatter, disperse’
*ampun		‘pardon, forgiveness’
*ampun-an		‘pardon, forgiveness’
*amu		‘2pl. nominative pronoun’
*-an		‘verbal suffix marking locative voice, nominal suffix marking location’
*anabu		‘shrub or small tree’; ‘Abroma augusta L.’
*anaduq		‘long (of objects)’
*anak		‘child, offspring, son, daughter, brother's child (man speaking), sister's child (woman speaking), young animal or plant, young, small (for its kind), dependent or component part of something larger, native, resident, inhabitant, interest on a loan’
*anak a ma-iRaq		‘neonate’
*anak a qulu		‘first-born, eldest child’
*anak anak		‘small child’
*anak anak-an		‘doll (?)’
*anak apij		‘twin’
*anak babahi		‘wife-taking lineage’
*anak bahi		‘wife-taking lineage’
*anak binahi		‘wife-taking lineage’
*anak buaq		‘relative (?)’
*anak daRa		‘maiden, virgin, girl of marriageable age’
*anak i banua		‘fellow villager, fellow community-member’
*anak i batu		‘small stones, gravel’
*anak i hapuy		‘sparks of fire’
*anak i haRezan		‘step or rung of a ladder’
*anak i kahiw		‘young tree, sprout’
*anak i lesuŋ		‘rice pestle’
*anak i lima		‘little finger, pinkie’
*anak i manuk		‘chick, baby chicken’
*anak i mata		‘pupil of the eye’
*anak i panaq		‘arrow’
*anak i qaRta		‘slave (?)’
*anak i sumpit		‘blowpipe dart’
*anak i tau		‘someone else's child’
*anak (la)laki		‘wife-giving lineage’
*anak ma-Ruqanay		‘wife-giving lineage’
*anak nu dilaq		‘uvula’
*anak nu mata		‘pupil of the eye (‘child of the eye’)’
*anak-an		‘give birth’
*anak-en		‘brother's child (man speaking), sister's child (woman speaking)’
*añam		‘plait (mats, baskets, etc.)’
*añam-en		‘what has been plaited or woven’
*a-nan		‘that’
*an-anak		‘child’
*anaŋ		‘dehortatory exclamation’
*anapiŋ		‘cheek’
*aNay		‘insect of the order Isoptera: termite, white ant’
*anay-en		‘eaten by termites, damaged by termites’
*andap		‘phosphorescent centipede (?)’
*anduŋ		‘ancestors’
*a(n)duq		‘long (of objects)’
*añem		‘plait, braid’
*aŋaq		‘open the mouth wide’
*aŋat		‘challenge, confront’
*aŋay		‘departure (?)’
*aŋ(e)cej		‘stench of sweaty armpits’
*aŋ(e)ceŋ		‘stench of sweaty armpits’
*aŋ(e)hud		‘young’
*aŋ(e)lem		‘stench’
*a(ŋ)gap		‘think carefully about, consider’
*aŋi		‘aromatic odor’
*aŋkat		‘lift, raise, pick up’
*aŋkat aŋkat		‘hold up, keep aloft’
*aŋkat-an		‘lift, raise up’
*aŋkeb		‘covering, lid’
*a(ŋ)kit		‘bite’
*aŋkub		‘cover’
*aŋkup		‘scoop up with both hands, double handful’
*aŋu aŋu		‘silly, senile, doting’
*aniŋal		‘echo’
*anipa		‘large snake sp.’
*ansaw		‘roam about’
*anteŋ		‘still, calm, quiet’
*a-nu		‘thing whose name is unknown, avoided, or cannot be remembered: what?’
*anu-anu		‘thing of uncertainty’
*a-nu-ku		‘my unnamed thing: mine’
*añuliŋ		‘fruit-bearing plant’; ‘Pisonia umbellifera’
*a-nu-mu		‘your unnamed thing: yours’
*a-nu-ni a		‘his/her unnamed thing: his/hers’
*anzak		‘stamp the feet’
*apa		‘what?’
*apa apa		‘something, anything, everything’
*apa-i		‘what? which?’
*apaqpaq		‘armpit, crotch’
*aped		‘hindrance, obstacle’
*apeled		‘taste of unripe banana, slightly bitter or astringent taste’
*apid		‘braid’
*apid		‘lie in stacks, one on top of the other’
*apiRit		‘type of finch, rice bird’
*apis		‘kind of rattan’
*apuk		‘dust’
*apuŋ		‘float’
*apuŋ apuŋ		‘floating’
*apuni		‘tree fern’
*apuR		‘betel chew’
*aqa		‘negative marker: no, not’
*aqedas		‘plant with sharp leaves’
*aRak		‘walk single-file, positioned one behind the other’
*aRak-aRak		‘walk single-file, positioned one behind the other’
*aRani		‘harvest’
*aren		‘nobility, member of the chiefly class’
*aResam		‘kind of fern’
*aRi		‘come, toward the speaker, let’s go!’
*ari		‘come, toward the speaker’
*aRud		‘scrape, shave (as rattan)’
*aRuhu		‘shore tree’; ‘Casuarina equisetifolia’
*asa		‘one’
*asag		‘incite, urge on, stir up’
*asaŋ		‘mortise and tenon joint’
*asat		‘dry out, become dry’
*asep		‘incense, ritual smoke’
*asi		‘fermented rice’
*asi		‘flesh’
*asi		‘show off’
*asih		‘pretend’
*asih asih		‘pretend’
*asu		‘dog’
*asu		‘fetch water, scoop up water’
*asug		‘shaman in ritual transvestite attire’
*asuk		‘smoke, soot’
*asuŋ		‘incite, spur to action’
*asuntiŋ		‘k.o. plant’; ‘Cassia sp.’
*ata		‘1pl. incl. possessive pronoun: our’
*atab		‘cover’
*atag		‘persist in an endeavor’
*ataŋ		‘block, obstruct, something which separates one area from another’
*ataŋ		‘carry on a shoulder pole between two people’
*ataŋ		‘crossbeam’
*ataq		‘unhusked rice grain left among the husked grains’
*ataR		‘flat, level’
*atas		‘high, tall’
*atay		‘death’
*atel		‘itch, itchy’
*aten		‘1p plural absolute possessive pronoun: ours (incl.)’
*aten		‘we (incl.)’
*ateq		‘1pl in oblique’
*ati		‘negative marker’
*ati		‘there (distant)’
*atimel		‘bedbug’
*atip		‘pinch together’
*atis		‘provoke a fight’
*a-tu		‘away, outward, forward, onward, towards the hearer’
*atu		‘away from speaker’
*atuk		‘smoke’
*atuR		‘stone wall’
*au		‘yes’
*aw		‘question particle’
*awaŋ		‘atmosphere, space between earth and sky’
*awat		‘help, assistance’
*away		‘beckon with the hand’
*away		‘face’
*away		‘I don't know!’
*away		‘rattan variety’
*awer		‘rushing of water in a river’
*awi		‘cloth cover’
*aya		‘exclamation of annoyance, surprise, etc.’
*aya		‘father’s sister, father’s sister’s husband’
*ayak		‘follow, walk after’
*ayak		‘sift, separate by sifting’
*ayak-an		‘sieve, strainer’
*ayam		‘plait, weave’
*ayat		‘threaten, confront violently’
*ayaw		‘raid, go headhunting’
*ayud		‘copulate, have sexual intercourse’
*ayum		‘block, hinder, obstruct’
*ayun		‘swing, oscillate’
*ayuŋ		‘monkey sp.’
*ayuŋ		‘swing, sway, rock’
*ayut		‘copulate, have sexual intercourse’
*azak		‘summon others to join an activity’
*azuq		‘term of address to males’
*b<aR>eŋbeŋ		‘buzzing, droning, humming’
*b<in>ahi		‘woman, wife’
*b<in>aŋun		‘was awakened by someone’
*b<in>atu		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*b<in>ejbej		‘was tied by winding around’
*b<in>ekbek		‘was crushed or pulverized, what is crushed or pulverized’
*b<in>ekelaj		‘was spread out’
*b<in>elaq		‘have been split, cloven in two’
*b<in>eli		‘was bought by someone’
*b<in>etik		‘tattooed, marked with a design’
*b<in>uaŋ		‘thrown away or discarded’
*b<in>ubuŋ-an		‘place where ridgepole covering has been attached’
*b<in>uhat-an		‘was done, was loaded’
*b<in>uni		‘secret, hidden’
*b<in>unuq		‘was killed, one that was killed’
*b<in>uRuk		‘have become rotten’
*b<um>atu		‘become hard or stonelike, harden’
*b<um>ulan		‘walk in the moonlight’
*ba		‘conjunction: or, if, perhaps, because’
*ba		‘interjection or exclamation’
*ba		‘postverbal interrogative particle’
*ba		‘preposition: at, on, in, to’
*ba		‘under, below’
*ba-b<in>ahi		‘woman, female’
*baba		‘carry a person pick-a-back, ride pick-a-back’
*baba		‘father’
*babaD		‘reproduce, multiply’
*ba-bahi		‘woman, female’
*baban		‘group, company, collection, swarm’
*babaq		‘lower surface, bottom, short, low, below, beneath, under’
*babaq		‘width, breadth’
*babas		‘blown off course’
*babat		‘belly of an animal’
*ba-batu		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*babaw		‘rat, mouse’
*babaw		‘shallow’
*babaw		‘upper surface, top, highlands, on, upon, over, above’
*babaw		‘weed (a garden, etc.)’
*babuy		‘bird sp.’
*babuy		‘epilepsy’
*babuy		‘pig’
*babuy babuy		‘sowbug, woodlouse: terrestrial isopod of the genus Oniscus’
*babuy banua		‘domesticated pig’
*babuy halas		‘wild pig’
*babuy lebu		‘domesticated pig’
*babuy-an		‘pigpen, pigsty, piggery’
*bacak		‘muddy, waterlogged (of ground)’
*baCaR		‘broomcorn millet’; ‘Panicum miliaceum’
*baciR		‘sexually impotent’
*bacuk		‘hoe, chop up soil’
*badas		‘grit, coarse sand, gravel’
*bad(e)ris		‘draw a line’
*badi		‘nervous spell’
*badiq		‘dagger’
*badut		‘jackfruit sp.’
*bagahak		‘fish sp.’
*bagak		‘foolish’
*bagal		‘overgrown, clumsy, sluggish’
*bagaŋ		‘k.o. plant’; ‘Amorphophallus sp.’
*bagay		‘same kind or type, fitting, well-matched, suitable’
*bageqaŋ		‘molar tooth’
*baguh		‘shrub or tree’; ‘Gnetum gnemon’
*baguq		‘disease that causes swelling of body parts’
*bahak		‘laugh boisterously’
*bahaq		‘flood, overflow, in flood’
*bahaq		‘mouth’
*bahaR		‘loincloth’
*bahaw		‘cold (of leftover food), leftovers from a meal’
*bahay		‘hairy vine’; ‘Pueraria hirsuta’
*bahi		‘female, woman, wife, female of animals’
*bahu		‘odor, stench’
*bahu-an		‘give off an odor (?)’
*bahu-en		‘smelled by someone’
*bahuq		‘odor, stench’
*bahuR		‘mix foods (as in preparing pig’s fodder)’
*bahuR-an		‘mixed, mixture’
*baisan		‘co-parent-in-law, kinship tie between the parents of a married couple’
*baisan-an		‘become a co-parent-in-law (?)’
*bait		‘good, kind, pleasant’
*bajaq		‘tell, inform, ask, inquire’
*bajbaj		‘loosen, untie, unwrap, unravel, clear forest (fig.?)’
*bak		‘clap! smack!’
*bak		‘negative marker’
*baka		‘conjunction: despite, nonetheless’
*bakaka		‘bird, kingfisher’
*bakan		‘k.o. tree’; ‘Litsea spp.’
*bakaŋ		‘bowlegged’
*bakaq		‘spread apart, split’
*bakaq-bakaq		‘k.o. small basket with a handle’
*bakaR		‘kind of basket’
*bakas		‘loosen, undo, untie’
*bakas		‘swift, strong, energetic, fast’
*bakat		‘waves, heavy weather at sea’
*bakbak		‘peel off (of skin), remove the bark of a tree’
*bakbak		‘sound of heavy clapping or pounding, smacking sound’
*bakbak-an		‘peel off, remove bark’
*bakehaw		‘mangrove’
*bakelad		‘fish corral’
*bakelag		‘bruise marks’
*bakes		‘belt, anything that encircles tightly’
*baku		‘scab, crust’
*bakuku		‘fish sp. (presumably sea-bream)’
*bakukuŋ		‘fish, sea-bream’; ‘Sparus hasta’
*bakul		‘kind of basket made of woven bamboo strips’
*bakul-bakul		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*bakuŋ		‘kind of pandanus’
*bakuŋ		‘lily-like plant’; ‘Crinum asiaticum L.’
*bala		‘adze, shape wood with an adze’
*bala		‘pen, enclosure for domesticated animals’
*bala		‘whatever, whichever’
*balabaw		‘rat, mouse’
*balabeg		‘spear, harpoon’
*balabuR		‘blurred (of vision)’
*baladaw		‘dagger’
*balagbag		‘thwart, crosspiece (as one used to restrain person), lie athwart or across’
*balakaŋ		‘hips’
*balaki		‘edible marine fish’
*balalaŋ		‘grasshopper, locust’
*balalantiq		‘tree sp.’
*balalatuk		‘bird, woodpecker’
*balan		‘scratch or wale on the skin’
*balanak		‘sea fish: the mullet’
*balaŋ		‘scar’
*balaŋ		‘spotted, striped, multi-colored’
*balaŋa		‘shallow earthenware cooking pot or pan’
*balaŋa(q)		‘inattentive’
*bala(n)tik		‘spring back suddenly, spring-set spear trap, constellation Orion’
*balaq		‘split, divide’
*balaR		‘pale, unnaturally white’
*balar		‘scratch or wale on the skin’
*balaRen		‘vine’
*balatuk		‘kind of ladder’
*balatuŋ		‘mung bean’; ‘Phaseolus spp.’
*balaw		‘k.o. tree, resinous substance obtained from this tree’; ‘probably Dipterocarpus spp.’
*balay		‘public building, community house, guest house’
*balbal		‘beating stick, hit, beat (esp. clothes in washing them)’
*balbal		‘dull-witted, stupid’
*balej		‘border, boundary’
*bale(m)baŋ		‘butterfly’
*baleŋ		‘preserve meat in salt or brine’
*baleŋ		‘spotted, streaked’
*bales		‘answer, retaliate, reciprocate good or evil’
*bales		‘complete, perfect something’
*bali		‘become, happen’
*bali		‘equal, equivalent’
*bali		‘lie, deception’
*bali		‘reverse, turn around’
*balian		‘shaman (probably a transvestite or hermaphrodite), shamaness, shamanistic ceremony’
*balida		‘fish sp.’
*balidaq		‘fish sp.’
*balija		‘weaver's sword (lath used to beat in and tighten the woof)’
*baliji		‘kind of grass’
*balik		‘reverse, turn around’
*balikat		‘scapula, shoulder blade’
*baliliŋ		‘turn, revolve’
*baliŋ		‘bent, twisted’
*baliŋ		‘misunderstand, fail to grasp’
*baliŋ baliŋ		‘spiral or circle round’
*baliŋbiŋ		‘k.o. tree and its edible fruit, starfruit’; ‘Averrhoa bilimbi, Averrhoa carambola’
*bali(n)taŋ		‘piece of wood used for a purpose, lie athwart (as a beam)’
*balin-tuaj		‘somersault’
*baliq		‘fracture, break’
*baliuŋ		‘adze, axe’
*baliw		‘change, exchange, repeat, return, again’
*baliw		‘cluster (b) == repay, return in kind, retaliate, take revenge (hence: to equalize a loss or debt)’
*baliw		‘cluster (c) == don mourning apparel, mourn for a deceased spouse’
*baliw		‘dual division, moiety == cluster (a) answer, oppose, opposite side or part, partner, friend, enemy’
*baliwis		‘wild duck’
*balizi		‘kind of grass’
*balu		‘k.o. plant yielding useful fibers’; ‘Thespesia populnea’
*balu		‘rice pestle’
*balu		‘some, some more’
*balu		‘widow(er)’
*balu balu		‘widow(er)’
*baluj		‘dove: probably’; ‘Ducula spp.’
*baluk		‘kind of sailing boat’
*baluk		‘sell’
*balulaŋ		‘thick or hard skin, buffalo hide, leather, callus’
*balun		‘bind, bundle, wrap in cloth, death shroud, cloth(ing)’
*balun		‘provisions for a journey’
*balunuq		‘k.o. tree’; ‘Mangifera sp.’
*balunuR		‘k.o. tree with edible fruit, and medicinal uses’; ‘probably Buchanania arborescens’
*baluq		‘mourn the dead’
*baluRu		‘vine’; ‘Entada scandens’
*balut		‘mix’
*balut		‘roll or wrap something up’
*bambaŋen		‘fish, snapper’; ‘Lutjanus spp.’
*banaeŋ		‘thread, yarn’
*banah		‘husband’
*banaqaR		‘radiance (as of rising sun)’
*banaR		‘thorny vine’; ‘Smilax spp.’
*banaRu		‘Indian tulip tree’; ‘Thespesia populnea’
*banat		‘hit, beat, thrash’
*bañat		‘stretch’
*banaw		‘lake’
*banaw		‘thorny vine’; ‘Smilax spp.’
*bañaw		‘wash the hands’
*banawaŋ		‘open space’
*banban		‘k.o. plant, bast fibers of which are used in binding and plaiting’; ‘Maranta dichotoma’
*bandaŋan		‘goat hair decoration on a spear or staff’
*banduŋ		‘pair of boats joined by a connecting platform’
*banelat		‘fish-corral, screen trap for fish’
*banelik		‘slime, slimy’
*bañen		‘sneeze’
*baŋa		‘palm sp.’
*baŋa		‘wide open’
*baŋaq		‘open the mouth’
*baŋaw		‘paddy bug, foul-smelling insect that preys on rice in the field’
*baŋbaŋ		‘broad, spacious’
*baŋbaŋ		‘butterfly, moth, butterfly fish’
*baŋbaŋ		‘cavity, pit, den, excavate a pit’
*baŋbaŋ		‘collapse, cave in’
*baŋbaŋ		‘fish sp.’
*baŋbaŋ		‘loud resounding sound’
*baŋbaŋ		‘notch (as in a tree that has been cut prior to felling)’
*baŋbaŋan		‘embankment’
*baŋbaŋ₈		‘reddish, discolored (as the skin over a bruise)’
*baŋ(e)haw		‘having a putrid smell’
*baŋehih		‘fragrant’
*baŋelih		‘tusk, canine tooth’
*baŋ(e)qeR		‘rotten smell, stench (as of stagnant water)’
*baŋ(e)qes		‘unpleasant smell’
*baŋi		‘bait’
*baŋi		‘cook over a fire’
*baŋiq		‘bite’
*baŋis		‘cruel’
*baŋkal		‘k.o. tree’; ‘Nauclea sp.’
*baŋkaq		‘boat’
*ba(ŋ)kat		‘type of basket’
*baŋkaw		‘barbless spear’
*baŋkay		‘corpse, carcass’
*baŋkiriŋ		‘tree sp.’
*baŋkudu		‘tree with white fruit and roots that yield a useful dye’; ‘Morinda citrifolia’
*baŋkulis		‘fish sp.’
*ba(ŋ)kuq		‘curved, bent’
*baŋsal		‘cooking shed’
*baŋsit		‘stench’
*baŋun		‘wake someone, rouse someone from sleep, erect something, put something in an upright position’
*baŋun-an		‘raise, place something upright’
*baŋun-baŋun		‘kind of herb’
*baŋun-en		‘awakened, revived’
*baNiC		‘skin, flay’
*bantal		‘bundle of cloth or clothes’
*bantaq		‘argue with, oppose someone’
*bantas		‘lasting, enduring’
*bantiŋ		‘fling down, dash against’
*bantun		‘pull up (as out of a pit or out of water)’
*banua		‘inhabited land, territory supporting the life of a community’
*banuaŋ		‘k.o. tree’; ‘Octomeles spp.’
*banuay		‘tree sp.’
*baqagi		‘share, portion, inheritance, allot, divide property’
*baqak		‘split, break off’
*baqas		‘split lengthwise’
*baqbaq		‘mouth, opening, speak, say’
*baqeluŋ		‘small shallow body of water’
*baqeñan		‘sneeze’
*baqeRu		‘new, fresh, recent(ly), youth, bachelor, beautiful, in one's prime’
*baqi		‘grandmother’
*baquR		‘trigger of a tension-set trap’
*baRa		‘hand, arm’
*baRa		‘pen, enclosure for domesticated animals’
*bara		‘pen, enclosure for domesticated animals’
*bara		‘support beams in a house’
*bara		‘whatever, whichever’
*barabara		‘support beams in a house’
*baRah		‘ember’
*baRah hapuy		‘ember, glowing coal’
*baran		‘mollusk sp.’
*baraŋ		‘marker of indefiniteness: if, perhaps, hopefully, or, any’
*baraŋan		‘banana sp.’
*baraŋan		‘fruit tree’
*baraŋan		‘rat-weed, arsenic’
*baraŋay		‘kind of large boat’
*baraŋen		‘banana sp.’
*baraŋen		‘rat-weed, arsenic’
*baRani		‘hero, war-leader, dare to do’
*baRaq		‘lung’
*baraq		‘disaster’
*baras		‘reciprocate good or evil’
*barasbas		‘sound of splashing water’
*baRat		‘crossbeam’
*barat		‘crossbeam’
*barayaŋ		‘tree sp.’
*barayeŋ		‘tree sp.’
*baRbaR		‘break up, fall into pieces, scatter, disperse’
*barbar		‘spread out, unfurl’
*baReq		‘abscess, boil, swelling on the body’
*baReqaŋ		‘molar tooth’
*baRetiq		‘parched, bone-dry’
*barik		‘striped, streaked’
*baRiuS		‘typhoon’
*baRiw		‘beginning to spoil, tainted (of food left uneaten too long)’
*bariwis		‘wild duck’; ‘Dendrocygna sp.’
*baRu		‘small shore tree’; ‘Hibiscus tiliaceus’
*baRuaŋ		‘Malayan sun bear’; ‘Ursus malayanus’
*baruga		‘kind of building’
*baruk		‘fungus that grows on the sugar palm, tinder’
*baRunbun		‘mottled brown and grey (of the feathers of cocks)’
*barunus		‘kind of creeper’
*baRus		‘scrape’
*barut		‘bandage, wrapping’
*basa		‘acquaintance’
*basaq-en		‘wet, washed’
*basbas		‘hit, strike’
*basbas		‘purify by sprinkling with holy water’
*basbas		‘trim, prune, clear a path’
*baseq		‘wet, wash clothes’
*baseq-an		‘thing that gets wet’
*basiR		‘sexually impotent’
*basuŋ		‘tubular basket used to carry and store rice or sago’
*basuq		‘wash’
*batad		‘millet or sorghum sp. (unident.)’
*batak		‘drag, pull’
*bataŋ		‘tree trunk, fallen tree, log, stem of a plant, body, corpse, self, bridge of the nose, most important or preeminent thing, main course of a river, mushroom or bracket fungus that grows on tree trunks or decaying logs’
*bataŋ qijuŋ		‘bridge of the nose’
*bataŋ-an		‘transverse beam or tree trunk’
*bataq		‘young, esp. of vegetation’
*batbat		‘hit, strike hard’
*batek		‘mottled design (as of a tattoo)’
*bates		‘border, boundary’
*baties		‘calf of the leg’
*batik		‘grasshopper’
*batik		‘make a design, tattoo’
*batu		‘kidney’
*batu		‘stone, testicle, kind of banana, numeral classifier for teeth (?)’
*batu		‘throw’
*batu hapuy		‘flintstone’
*batu hasaq		‘whetstone’
*batu papan		‘broad, flat rock shaped like a plank’
*batu-an		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*batu-batu		‘stony, gravel’
*batu-en		‘stony (as land)’
*batuk		‘cough’
*batuk		‘nape of the neck’
*batuk		‘skull’
*batuk batuk		‘cough repeatedly’
*batuR		‘plait, weave (as mats; baskets)’
*bauk		‘feathers under chin of rooster, chin whiskers’
*bauR		‘trigger on spring trap’
*bawaŋ		‘open space, expanse of land or water’
*bawbaw		‘upper surface, top, above’
*bayaD		‘pay’
*bayaŋ		‘edible plant’; ‘Amaranthus spinosus’
*bayaw		‘brother-in-law (man speaking)’
*bayawak		‘monitor lizard’; ‘Varanus spp. (esp. V. salvator)’
*bayu		‘pound rice’
*bayuquŋ		‘bag of plaited palm leaves’
*bayuR		‘k.o. tree’; ‘Pterospermum sp.’
*bazaw		‘strike one another (as fighting cocks)’
*bebak		‘peeled, skinned’
*bebak		‘slap, beat on’
*becik		‘spatter, fly out in all directions’
*becit		‘squeeze, squirt out’
*bedbed		‘fish sp.’
*bediq		‘vulva, vagina’
*begaw		‘confused, disoriented by loud noise’
*begbeg		‘grind to a powder, pulverize’
*bejbej		‘wind around’
*bejbej-an		‘thing around which binding is wound’
*bek		‘onomatopoetic for dull sound’
*beka		‘split, crack open’
*bekaj		‘open (as a fist), blossom (of flowers), break up, dismantle, demolish’
*bekaq		‘split, crack open’
*bekas		‘spring a trap’
*bekas		‘swift, fast’
*bekas		‘trace, track, mark, print (as footprint)’
*bekas-an		‘mark something (?)’
*bekbek		‘fine particles, powder which results from pounding grains, etc., pulverize grains’
*bekbek		‘sound of breaking, etc.’
*bekel		‘provisions for a journey’
*bekelaj		‘spread out, unroll (mats, etc.), open out, unfold (as the hand), wide’
*bekelaj-an		‘surface on which something is spread’
*bekelaj-en		‘spread out, what is spread out’
*beken		‘negator of nominals, other, different’
*bekeR		‘choke, have something stuck in the throat’
*beketut		‘humpbacked’
*bekug		‘curved, bent’
*bekuk		‘curved, bent’
*bekul		‘curved, bent’
*bekul		‘snail’
*bekur		‘coo, turtledove’
*bekut		‘bend over, bend down (of a person), hunchbacked’
*belaj		‘spread out to dry in the sun’
*belak		‘crack, split open (as the stomach of a fish)’
*belaŋ		‘bamboo sp.’
*belaŋ		‘spotted, dappled’
*belaŋ belaŋ		‘variegated in color, spotted or speckled’
*belaq		‘part of something split’
*belat		‘division, partition, intervening space’
*belat		‘fish corral’
*belatuk		‘woodpecker’
*belbel		‘dull, blunt, blocked, plugged, stupid’
*belbel		‘hydropoesia, bodily swelling caused by water retention’
*belekas		‘begin’
*belembaŋ		‘butterfly’
*beleŋ		‘dark color: black’
*belet		‘fish corral’
*beli		‘value, price, marriage prestations, brideprice, purchase’
*beli-an		‘bought from or for someone, what one has bought’
*beli-en		‘value, cost, price of something’
*beliq		‘lie, tell a lie’
*beliq		‘no, not, vetative marker: don't!’
*belit		‘bamboo cross-lath used to hold down roof thatch’
*belit		‘twist around’
*belit		‘viscous, sticky’
*beluk		‘bend’
*beluŋ		‘bend, curve’
*beluy		‘forget a skill, make a mistake’
*bena		‘lower part of a river, tidal bore’
*benal		‘strike, whip, beat’
*beñan		‘sneeze’
*benaŋ		‘thread (for weaving; sewing)’
*benaR		‘sunlight’
*benban		‘herb used in making baskets’; ‘Donax cannaeformis’
*benben		‘block, obstruct’
*benben		‘herb used in making baskets’; ‘Donax cannaeformis’
*bendul		‘swelling of the body’
*benehiq		‘seed rice’
*beNelem		‘overcast, twilight’
*benem		‘roast in hot ashes’
*benem		‘sink, drown’
*bener		‘true, righteous, honest’
*benes		‘grow densely (of vegetation)’
*beŋ		‘buzz, hum’
*beŋa		‘open the mouth’
*beŋaŋ		‘disconcert, confuse’
*beŋaŋ		‘gape, open the mouth wide, dazzled, amazed’
*beŋaŋ		‘open, spacious’
*beŋap		‘surprised, amazed’
*beŋaq		‘open the mouth’
*beŋat		‘split, torn, opening or water passage between two capes of land’
*beŋbeŋ		‘blocked, plugged, dammed, mute, unable to speak’
*beŋbeŋ		‘butterfly’
*beŋbeŋ		‘buzz, hum’
*beŋbeŋ		‘overcrowd’
*beŋel		‘deaf’
*beŋeR		‘hard of hearing, deaf’
*beŋi		‘fragrance, pleasant odor or smell’
*beŋil		‘part of the lower leg, possibly the ankle’
*beŋis		‘angry, quarrelsome’
*beŋis		‘grin widely, showing the teeth’
*beŋit		‘cry out (as in pain or fear)’
*beŋkak		‘swell, increase in size’
*be(ŋ)kaŋ		‘spread apart (as the legs, or an unbent fishhook)’
*be(ŋ)kaR		‘open (as a fist), blossom (of flowers), split open, break up, dismantle, demolish’
*beŋkas		‘untie, undo’
*beŋkek		‘short and stocky’
*beŋkuŋ		‘bent, curve, arch’
*beŋkuq		‘bend, curve’
*beŋuŋ		‘humming sound’
*bentas		‘hack a passage through vegetation, blaze a trail’
*benteŋ		‘extended, stretched taut, put under tension’
*benti		‘kind of marine fish’
*bentis		‘swollen belly’
*bentuk		‘curve’
*be(n)tuR		‘glutted, sated, swollen (of the belly)’
*be(n)tur		‘glutted, sated, swollen (of the belly)’
*bentut		‘fart, stench’
*benuaŋ		‘k.o. tree’; ‘Octomeles sp.’
*benut		‘fibrous husk of coconut’
*benut		‘pull out, extract’
*beqbeq		‘mouth’
*ber		‘onomatopoetic for sound of fluttering, flying’
*beraŋ		‘width, extent across’
*beRas		‘rice between harvesting and cooking, husked rice’
*beRas-an		‘container in which rice is stored’
*beRas-en		‘husk rice, afflicted with pimples on the skin resembling rice grains’
*beRaw		‘cursed’
*beRay		‘give, present gifts to, gift’
*berber		‘flutter, flap, sound of rapid wingbeats’
*berber		‘shiver, tremble’
*beRek		‘domesticated pig’
*beReŋ		‘deep grunt or groan’
*beReqaŋ		‘molar tooth’
*beReqat		‘weight, heaviness, weightiness, difficult, pregnant’
*beRet		‘belt’
*beriq		‘split, tear open’
*berit		‘scratch a line’
*berit		‘split, tear open’
*beRkes		‘bundle (as of firewood), package’
*beRkis		‘bind up, bundle’
*beRŋi		‘night’
*beRŋi beRŋi		‘nightly, every night’
*beRŋi-n		‘night’
*beRŋi-na		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*beRsay		‘canoe paddle, paddle a canoe’
*beRsay-an		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*be(R)tas		‘tear, rip open (as cloth or stitches), snap (as string)’
*beRtek		‘thorn, spur, barb’
*beRtiq		‘popped rice, roasted rice’
*besaq		‘wet, wash’
*besay		‘waterfall’
*besbes		‘sound of whirring or whizzing’
*besek		‘crowded’
*besiq		‘split open, burst under pressure’
*besuR		‘satisfied from having eaten enough, satiated’
*besuR-en		‘satiated, given a full belly’
*beta		‘break open’
*beta		‘chop down’
*betak		‘split, cleave’
*betaq		‘able to resist or persist (as rice grains that are difficult to husk)’
*betaq		‘burst, split open’
*betaw		‘sister (man speaking)’
*betbet		‘beat, thrash’
*betek		‘spur or spine on an animal’
*betek		‘stretch, put under tension’
*beteken		‘upper arm’
*betem		‘millet sp., probably foxtail millet’; ‘Setaria italica’
*beteŋ		‘belly, abdomen’
*beteŋ		‘millet sp., probably foxtail millet’; ‘Setaria italica’
*beties		‘calf of the leg’
*betik		‘tattoo’
*betiq		‘lower leg, calf of the leg’
*betiq		‘vulva, vagina’
*betu		‘appear, come into view’
*betu		‘callus, blister’
*betu		‘explode, explosion (as of a volcano)’
*betuŋ		‘bamboo of very large diameter’; ‘probably Dendrocalamus sp.’
*betuŋ		‘booming sound’
*betus		‘burst open (as an overfilled sack)’
*bezak		‘step, tread, stamp on’
*biak		‘fruitful, prolific’
*biaR		‘intestinal worm’
*bias		‘deflected off course’
*biat		‘draw a bow to its full extent’’
*bibi		‘bivalve mollusk sp., lucine clam’
*bibiR		‘lower lip’
*bicak		‘muddy’
*bicik		‘splash, spatter, splatter’
*bida		‘strike against’
*bidak		‘open (of the eyes)’
*bidaŋ		‘unit of measure for cloth, sails, etc.’
*bidara		‘k.o. tree’; ‘Zizyphus jujuba’
*bidibid		‘twist together, intertwine’
*bidiŋ		‘side, edge’
*bihaR		‘captive, one taken alive in war, spare, allow to live’
*bihed		‘fish eggs, roe’
*bika		‘potsherd’
*bikaŋkaŋ		‘spread apart (as the legs, or an unbent fishhook)’
*bikaq		‘open forcibly, force apart (as the eyelids with the fingers)’
*bikaq		‘split’
*bikas		‘strong, vigorous, energetic’
*bikbik		‘sound of slapping, bubbling, etc.’
*bikug		‘curved, bent’
*bikuq		‘bend, curve’
*bikut		‘hunched over’
*bila		‘calabash tree’; ‘Crescentia spp.’
*bilaj		‘spread out in the sun to dry’
*bilak		‘shine, glitter’
*bilalaŋ		‘grasshopper’
*bilaŋ		‘count, calculate, hold valuable’
*bilaŋ-an		‘number, total’
*bilaŋ-bilaŋ		‘sticks or other markers used as aids in calculation’
*bilaŋ-en		‘count’
*bilaq		‘part split off’
*bilat		‘open the eyes wide’
*bilat		‘scar’
*bileR		‘cataract of the eye’
*bili		‘value, price’
*bilik		‘room’
*bilikuŋ		‘bend, curve’
*bilin		‘order, request, command, message, something left for another’
*biliŋ		‘turn, revolve’
*biliR		‘cataract of the eye’
*bilis		‘small marine fish: sardine or anchovy’
*bilit		‘intertwine (as strands in making rope)’
*bilu-bilu		‘large marine fish, jackfish or trevally’
*bilug		‘type of boat, possibly dugout with outrigger’
*biluk		‘wind, curve, turn to the side, tack, sail into the wind’
*bilut		‘crooked, bent’
*binaŋa		‘mouth of a river, estuary’
*binaR		‘flash of light’
*binat		‘stretch’
*binehiq		‘seed set aside for the next planting (esp. rice)’
*biŋaq		‘kind of volute shell’
*biŋaR		‘kind of volute shell’
*biŋbiŋ		‘carry in the hand’
*biŋbiŋ		‘twist or tweak the ear’
*biŋiC		‘moody, irritable’
*biŋis		‘bare the teeth’
*biŋkal		‘lump or chunk of material’
*bi(ŋ)kaŋ		‘spread apart (as the legs)’
*biŋkas		‘undo, untie, spring a trap’
*biŋkay		‘rim used to fortify (as on a basket)’
*biŋkeluŋ		‘curve, bend around’
*biŋkis		‘bind, tie together’
*biŋku		‘coil, curve, bend, fold’
*biŋkudu		‘k.o. tree’; ‘Morinda citrifolia’
*biŋkuk		‘curved, bent’
*biŋkuŋ		‘implement with curved blade: adze, hammerhead shark’
*binit		‘carry dangling from the fingertips’
*binit		‘carry’
*bintaŋ		‘tree sp.’
*bintaŋuR		‘shore tree’; ‘Calophyllum inophyllum’
*bintapu		‘kind of water fowl’
*bintenu		‘tree sp.’
*binti		‘calf-kicking contest’
*binti		‘kingfisher sp.’
*bintiŋ		‘carry between two or more persons’
*bintiq		‘calf-kicking contest’
*bintul		‘kind of fish or crab trap’
*bintur		‘kind of fish or crab trap’
*binuaŋ		‘k.o. tree with very light wood’; ‘Octomeles sp.’
*biqak		‘split’
*biqaŋ		‘crooked, out of alignment’
*biqaŋ		‘split’
*biqas		‘internode (of bamboo; sugarcane, etc.)’
*biqbiq		‘broken bit of pottery, potsherd’
*biqbiq		‘sprinkle water on’
*biqel		‘goiter’
*biqiR		‘lopsided, off-balance’
*biquŋ		‘curved, crooked, bent’
*biqut		‘curved, crooked, bent’
*biraŋ		‘anger, angry’
*biRaq		‘semen, smegma’
*biRaq		‘wild taro, elephant's ear or itching taro, sexual itch’; ‘Alocasia spp.’
*biRas		‘semen, smegma’
*biras		‘scar’
*biras		‘wife's sister's husband’
*biRaSu		‘cane grass’; ‘Miscanthus sp.’
*birat		‘scar’
*biRaw		‘stunned by great noise’
*biRaʔ		‘wild taro, elephant's ear or itching taro’; ‘Alocasia spp.’
*birbir		‘rim, edge, border’
*birbir		‘shiver, shake, tremble’
*biReŋ		‘dark hue, possibly dark red’
*biR(e)tiŋ		‘pinch together, tongs, etc. for pinching things together’
*biRiŋ		‘dark hue, possibly dark red’
*biRiŋ		‘running sore’
*biriŋ		‘side, edge’
*biRiŋ-en		‘have a running sore’
*biris		‘slice’
*birit		‘buttocks’
*birit		‘tear, rip’
*biRu		‘fan palm’; ‘Licuala Rumphii’
*biRuaŋ		‘Malayan honey bear’; ‘Ursus malayanus’
*bisbis		‘sprinkle water on something’
*biseq		‘wet, wash the anus after defecating’
*biseqak		‘split’
*bisik		‘whisper’
*bisik bisik		‘whispering’
*bisul		‘boil, abscess’
*bisuR		‘satisfied from having eaten enough, satiated’
*bitaD		‘unfold, spread out’
*bitak		‘break, split’
*bitaquR		‘shore tree’; ‘Calophyllum inophyllum’
*bitaqus		‘k.o. plant’; ‘Wrightia spp.’
*bitas		‘tear, rip’
*bitbit		‘pull at body part, hold something dangling from the fingers’
*bitbit-en		‘picked up or carried dangling from the fingers’
*bities		‘lower leg (below the knee), calf of the leg’
*bitik		‘snare, noose trap, spring up suddenly, jerk up (as a fishing line or noose trap)’
*bitil		‘hungry, starve’
*bitin		‘hunger, hungry’
*bitiq		‘small, few’
*bituk		‘intestinal worm’
*bituka		‘stomach, large intestine’
*bituk-en		‘afflicted with intestinal worms’
*bitul		‘boil, abscess’
*bituŋ		‘bamboo sp.’
*bituqen		‘star’
*bituqen pitu		‘Pleiades (= 'seven stars')’
*bituqin		‘star’
*buag		‘bubbling up (as spring water)’
*buak		‘bubbling up (as spring water)’
*buak-an		‘fresh-water spring’
*bual		‘gush or bubble up (of spring water)’
*buaŋ-an		‘one who is banished or cast out’
*buaq		‘fruit, areca palm and nut, grain, berry, seed, nut, endosperm of a sprouting coconut, kidney, heart, finger, calf of the leg, testicle, various insects, scar tissue, roe, bud, flower, blossom, bear fruit, words, speech, or songs, meaning, contents of discussion, numeral classifier for roundish objects, buttock, Adam's apple, nipple of the breast, button, marble, tattooing’
*buaq buaq		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*buaq na batu		‘round stone (?)’
*buaq ni bities		‘calf of the leg’
*buaq ni kahiw		‘fruit (of a tree)’
*buaq ni lima		‘finger’
*buaq ni qatay		‘heart (figurative), term of endearment’
*buaq pajay		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*buaq qatay		‘term of endearment’
*buas		‘wild, ferocious’
*buat		‘harvest fruits’
*buat		‘like, similar to, resemble’
*buat buat		‘gossip, slander’
*buay		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*buay		‘legumes, beans’
*bubu		‘conical bamboo basket trap for fish’
*bubu		‘fontanelle’
*bubu		‘grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal term of address)’
*bubud		‘sprinkle seed, sow seed in dibble holes’
*bubul		‘yaws’
*bu-bulu		‘betel pepper’; ‘Piper betle’
*bubun		‘fontanelle, crown of the head’
*bubun		‘well, cistern, spring’
*bubun bubun		‘fontanelle’
*bubuŋ		‘ridge of the roof, ridge of a mountain, peak, deck of a boat, cover the ridgepole with thatch’
*bubuŋ		‘well, cistern, spring’
*bubuŋ-an		‘roof, ridge of the roof’
*bubuŋ-en		‘roof, ridge of the roof’
*bubuq		‘increase, growth’
*bubuR		‘jellyfish’
*bubuR		‘tall forest tree which emits an unpleasant odor’; ‘Sterculia foetida’
*bucek		‘rotten, spoilt’
*budaq		‘foam, bubbles, lather, scum, froth’
*budaq		‘immerse, dip in water’
*budaq		‘unnaturally white, albino’
*budbud		‘sprinkle seed, sow seed in dibble holes’
*budiŋ		‘charcoal, carbon, soot’
*budu		‘tip, extremity’
*buduk		‘sores on the scalp, 'cradle cap'’
*budul		‘dull, blunt’
*buga		‘kind of edible tuber’
*bugar		‘break up’
*bugbug		‘knock against, collide with, beat up’
*bugis		‘disease which produces scaly skin: ichthyosis’
*buhaŋ		‘hole, pit’
*buhaŋin		‘sandbank, sand spit, shoal’
*buhat		‘ceremony at planting to insure the well-being of the crops’
*buhat		‘do, make, create, perform, work, wager: deed, thing, creation, behavior, conduct, performance, bet, because, on account of, through the action of, need, use for something, necessary, for (benefactive)’
*buhat		‘lift, stand up, arise, emerge, begin, depart, carry, cargo, take something, take a wife’
*buhat apa		‘why, for what reason’
*buhat-an		‘lifted, carried’
*buhat-an		‘made, created, thing made or created’
*buhat-en		‘lifted, carried’
*buhek		‘head hair’
*buhek buhek-an		‘false hair’
*buhek-en		‘hairy, have lots of hair’
*buhet		‘squirrel’
*buhis		‘tribute’
*buhuk		‘drunkenness, intoxication’
*buhus		‘pour out (of liquids)’
*bui		‘breeze, soft wind’
*bui		‘swing’
*bui bui		‘swing’
*buis		‘pull back and forth’
*bujak		‘flower’
*bujbuj		‘pour, sprinkle’
*bujeq		‘foam, bubbles, lather, scum, froth, bubble, foam at the mouth, fond of talking, type of white bead’
*bujeq ni wahiR		‘foam on the surface of water’
*buk		‘sound of a dull thud’
*buka		‘open, uncover, expose’
*buka-en		‘opened’
*bukal		‘bubble up (as spring water)’
*bukal bukal		‘bubbling up (as spring water)’
*bukaŋkaŋ		‘spread apart (as the legs or an unbent fishhook)’
*bukaq		‘open, untie’
*bukaw		‘owl sp., bird of bad omen’
*bukaʔ		‘open, uncover’
*bukbuk		‘bubbling, boiling’
*bukbuk		‘hit, pound, beat’
*bukbuk		‘weevil that infests wood, bamboo, and rice, dust produced by the boring of this insect, tooth decay, dental caries’
*bukbuk-an		‘attacked by wood worms’
*bukbuk-en		‘infested with wood-boring insects’
*bukel		‘lump, swelling, seed’
*buken		‘negator of nominals’
*buken		‘omen dove’
*buket		‘thick, viscous’
*bukij		‘mountain, forested inland mountain areas’
*bukij-an		‘place in the mountains’
*buku buku		‘joints, nodes’
*buku lali		‘ankle’
*buku-an		‘have joints’
*bukuh		‘node (as in bamboo or sugarcane), joint, knuckle, knot in wood, knot in string or rope’
*bukut		‘hunchback’
*bulah		‘k.o. tree, Chinese or Philippine mahogany’; ‘Shorea albus Foxw.’
*bulalak		‘stare, look at with fixed expression’
*bulan		‘kind of shellfish, eye of cateye shell’
*bulan		‘moon, month, menstruation, shell disk collar piece’
*bulan		‘unnaturally white, albino’
*bulan bulan-en		‘affected by the moon, mentally or emotionally unstable’
*bulan matay		‘new moon, eclipse’
*bulan-an		‘monthly, by the month’
*bulan-bulan		‘each month, every month, monthly, for months’
*bulan-bulan		‘white fish, tarpon’; ‘Megalops cyprinoides’
*bulan-en		‘affected by the moon, mentally or emotionally unstable’
*bulaŋ		‘artificial cockspur, bind on an artificial cockspur’
*bulaR		‘cataract of the eye, hazy or blurred vision’
*bulaR		‘unnaturally white, albino’
*bulat		‘open the eyes wide, stare with round eyes’
*bulati		‘roundworm, ascaris, intestinal worm, also earthworm?’
*bulaw		‘golden colored’
*bulaw-an		‘gold’
*bulbul		‘dust, pulverized stone’
*buled		‘round, spherical, rounded’
*buleheR		‘cataract of the eye, hazy or blurred vision’
*buleŋ		‘alone, lonely’
*buli-		‘prefix of the qali, kali- series’
*bulig		‘carry on a pole between two persons, help someone carry a load’
*bulilik		‘lizard sp.’
*buliq		‘cowrie shell’; ‘Cypraea mauritiana’
*buliq		‘rectum, anus, buttocks’
*buliR		‘(entire) stalk of bananas, ear of grain’
*bulit		‘caulk, fill up a hole or crack with viscous material’
*bulit-en		‘caulk, fill up a hole or crack with viscous material’
*bulu		‘body hair, fur, feather, down, floss on plant stems, color, type, kind’
*bulu		‘wash the hands’
*bulu bulu		‘hairy, hair-like growths, plants with hair-like growths’
*bulu ni babuy		‘pig bristles, type of sea urchin with thin black spines’
*bulu ni manuk		‘chicken feathers’
*bulu ni mata		‘eyelash’
*bulu-an		‘hairy, kind of hairy fruit, rambutan’; ‘Nephelium lappaceum’
*bulud		‘mountain’
*bulu-en		‘hairy’
*bulu-n		‘hair of, fur of’
*bulun		‘companion’
*buluŋ		‘dark blue, bluish-black’
*buluŋ		‘medicinal herbs’
*buluŋ buluŋ		‘all kinds of medicinal herbs’
*buluq		‘constellation: the Pleiades’
*buluq		‘type of slender bamboo’; ‘Schizostachyum spp.’
*bulus		‘current’
*bulus-an		‘current’
*bulut		‘hairy filaments of certain plants, husk’
*buna		‘batfish’; ‘Platax spp.’
*bunaR		‘batfish’; ‘Platax spp.’
*bunat		‘k.o. plant used to stun fish’; ‘Derris elliptica’
*bunbun		‘fill a hole with earth, cover something with a heap of earth’
*bunbun-an		‘cover with a heap of earth, etc., heap of earth, etc.’
*bunbun-an		‘fontanelle’
*bundak		‘fall with a bang’
*bunduk		‘elevated ground’
*buŋ		‘deep resounding sound’
*buŋa		‘flower, blossom, bear flowers, yield a benefit (as interest on a loan), first-born child, cotton, vulva (refined or evasive), skin rash, prickly heat, speckled (of fish), kidneys’
*buŋa na batu		‘coral sponge’
*buŋa na kahiw		‘blossom of a fruit tree’
*buŋa ni hapuy		‘sparks from a fire’
*buŋa-i		‘strew with flowers, put flowers on’
*buŋaŋ		‘flower, blossom’
*buŋaR		‘first of anything, first fruits, prime, new, untainted, virgin’
*buŋaR-an		‘first of anything, new, untainted, virgin’
*buŋaR-en		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*buŋas		‘first of anything, first fruits, prime, new, untainted, virgin’
*buŋaw		‘mentally disoriented’
*buŋbuŋ		‘bamboo tube used as a storage container’
*buŋbuŋ		‘heart leaves’
*buŋbuŋ		‘swell up’
*buŋet		‘anger, angry, irritated, annoyed’
*buŋkal		‘open’
*buŋkaq		‘split apart, piece split off’
*buŋkaR		‘take apart, dismantle, break open’
*buŋkem		‘close the mouth’
*buŋkug		‘swelling, lump or bump under the skin’
*buŋkuk		‘bent, crooked’
*bu(ŋ)kul		‘lumpy, having lumps or bumps’
*buŋkul		‘swelling, lump or bump under the skin, wad of something’
*buŋkul kahiw		‘burl on a tree’
*buŋkul-an		‘bump, hump, lump’
*buŋkul-en		‘bump, knob’
*bu(ŋ)kuq		‘bend, bent, bowed’
*buŋkus		‘bundle, package, wrap up’
*buŋsu		‘youngest child’
*buŋug		‘low-pitched sound’
*buŋul		‘deaf’
*buŋuR		‘tree sp.’
*buŋut		‘labial circle’
*buni		‘hide, conceal’
*buni		‘invisible nature spirit’
*buñi		‘noise, sound’
*buni-an		‘hidden (?)’
*buni-buni		‘secretive’
*buntal		‘puffer fish sp.’
*buntan		‘ripe coconut’
*buntaŋ		‘break through (of water)’
*bunteR		‘round’
*bunter		‘distended, inflated (of the belly)’
*buntil		‘knapsack, bag used when on journeys’
*buntit		‘distended abdomen’
*bu(n)tu		‘bloated’
*buntu		‘small hill, knoll’
*buntu buntu		‘small hill, knoll’
*buntuD		‘swollen, distended (of the belly)’
*buntud		‘small hill, knoll’
*buntul		‘small hill, knoll’
*buntul buntul		‘small hill, knoll’
*buntuR		‘bloated, swollen’
*buntut		‘rear end of a chicken’
*buntuʔ		‘bloated, swollen (of the belly)’
*bunubun		‘rice seedling’
*bunuq		‘throw at, hit, strike with a sharp object, kill, extinguish (a fire)’
*bunuq-an		‘last compartment in a fishtrap, place where fish are caught’
*bunuq-an		‘place of killing or slaughtering’
*bunuq-en		‘killed, one that is killed’
*bunuR		‘fish sp.’
*bunut		‘coconut husk, coir’
*bunut		‘k.o. tree’; ‘Ficus sp.’
*buqaŋ		‘discard, throw away, banish’
*buqaR		‘kind of tree the leaves of which are used as poultices for boils’
*buqaw		‘empty (of rice ears)’
*buqay		‘sway, swing (as a cradle)’
*buqaya		‘crocodile, greedy’
*buqbuq		‘pour, pour out (as water or grain from a container)’
*buqekuŋ		‘bend, curve’
*buqeli		‘lie, tell a lie’
*buqeni		‘ringworm’; ‘Tinea imbricata’
*buqiq		‘froth, foam’
*buqul		‘stopped in its course (as something which sticks in the throat)’
*buRah		‘spray water from the mouth, spray a mixture of saliva and masticated medicinal herbs on an ailing body part in curing’
*buRah-an		‘sprayed from the mouth’
*buras		‘scatter, strew about’
*buRaw		‘drive off, chase away, expel’
*buRaw-an		‘frighten off birds or animals from the fields, place used to frighten off birds or animals from the fields’
*buRbuR		‘rice porridge, rice gruel’
*buRbuR		‘wood worm’
*buR(e)hu		‘jealous’
*buRehuʔ		‘envious, jealous’
*buresin		‘sneeze’
*buri		‘buttocks, rear end’
*buri		‘palm sp’; ‘Corypha elata’
*burik		‘speckled’
*buriŋ		‘striped (of animals)’
*buRiq		‘wash (as the hands)’
*buRit		‘hind part, rear, back, base, bottom’
*burit		‘hind part, rear, back’
*burit		‘line, stripe’
*buRnay		‘k.o. tree with edible fruit’; ‘Antidesma bunius’
*buRsuk		‘drive or force into’
*buRtaq		‘earth, soil, mud’
*buRuk		‘rotten meat, addled eggs, bad character’
*burun		‘inferior type of betel nut’
*burus		‘slip off, slip away’
*burus		‘wasteful, extravagant’
*busa		‘foam, suds’
*busaw		‘glutton’
*busay		‘drive animals away’
*busbus		‘leak, spill through, stream out from a hole in a container’
*busbus-en		‘punctured, perforated so that the contents spill out’
*buseq		‘foam, bubbles’
*busuk		‘decayed, rotten, putrid, stinking’
*busuŋ		‘afflicted with a swollen abdomen as a result of violating customary law.’
*busuŋ-en		‘suffer from an inflated abdomen as punishment for wrongdoing’
*busuR		‘enemy’
*busuR		‘hunting bow, bow-like instrument used to card kapok fiber’
*busuR		‘satisfied from having eaten enough, satiated’
*buta		‘mote in the eye, blind, blindness’
*buta buta		‘k.o. tree’; ‘Excoecaria spp.’
*buta buta		‘somewhat blind, feign blindness’
*buta-en mata		‘get a mote in the eye’
*butak		‘mud’
*butaq		‘fish sp.’
*butaq		‘tree with poisonous sap’
*butas		‘cut through, sever’
*butas		‘separate people, disperse a gathering’
*butbut		‘owl sp.’
*butbut		‘pull up (as weeds), pluck (as feathers)’
*butbut-i		‘pull out, uproot, pluck’
*buteliR		‘wart, cyst, non-purulent skin eruption’
*buteŋ		‘short-tempered, hot-headed, quick to fight’
*butequl		‘hard seed, burl, knot in wood’
*butes		‘broken piece of rope or string’
*butil		‘grain, kernel’
*butiqes		‘calf of the leg’
*butir		‘grain, kernel’
*butiti		‘puffer fish, globe fish’; ‘Tetrodon lunaris’
*butu		‘callus, corn, blister’
*butuk		‘knock, pound, beat’
*butul		‘averse, unwilling, reluctant’
*butun		‘shore tree’; ‘Barringtonia spp.’
*butuŋ		‘shore tree’; ‘Barringtonia spp.’
*butuq		‘testicles of animals, castrate animals’
*butus		‘snap, break (as a rope under tension)’
*buuŋ		‘buzzing or humming sound’
*buya		‘look at, watch (as a performance)’
*buyaŋ		‘bark cloth?’
*buyequŋ		‘paunchy, big-bellied’
*buyuk		‘cheat, deceive’
*buyuŋ		‘bumblebee’
*buyuq		‘leaf of a vine chewed with betel nut, betel pepper’; ‘Piper betle’
*buzuk		‘fish sp., possibly murrel’
*buʔu		‘conical bamboo basket trap for fish’
*buʔut		‘coconut husk’
*C<um>aki		‘defecate’
*C<um>aŋis		‘weep, cry, mourn’
*cabaŋ		‘bifurcation, forking’
*CabCab		‘clap, beat, hack’
*cabut		‘pull out with force’
*CaCaw		‘pupil of the eye’
*caciŋ		‘kind of worm’
*cakaq		‘oppose, dispute with’
*cakep		‘close, shut’
*calapaʔ		‘betel nut case’
*ca(m)pak		‘smack’
*candur		‘rice variety (?)’
*CaNem-en		‘what is buried or planted’
*ca(ŋ)ket		‘sticky, stick to’
*ca(R)pit		‘pincers, tongs’
*cawi		‘small bird with shiny black plumage: drongo’
*Cebuj		‘natural spring, fresh water spring’
*CegCeg		‘beat, pound on’
*ceguk		‘hiccough’
*cekas		‘quick, swift’
*cekcek		‘gecko, house lizard’
*cekel		‘choke, strangle’
*cekep		‘seize, grasp’
*cekig		‘constriction around neck’
*cekuk		‘choke, gag’
*CelCel		‘beat, pound’
*celeb		‘sink, submerge’
*celep		‘soak, steep in water’
*celuk		‘curved area, corner, angle’
*ceñeb		‘immerse, submerge’
*Cenek		‘thorn’
*ceŋap		‘seize in the mouth or beak’
*ceŋis		‘stench’
*cep(e)qak		‘crack, split, break, sound of cracking, splitting, breaking’
*cepuk		‘dull sound’
*ceray		‘part, separate, divide’
*cerik		‘shrill (of the voice)’
*ce(R)neb		‘dive, immerse’
*ciak		‘twitter, call out (bird)’
*ciap		‘chirp, peep’
*cibit		‘hook on, catch with hook’
*ciderit		‘diarrhoea’
*cik		‘sound used to shoo away domestic animals’
*cikcek		‘gecko, house lizard’
*Cikel		‘return, go back’
*cikep		‘catch with the hands’
*cilak		‘shine (of heavenly bodies)’
*ci(n)duŋ		‘shelter’
*ciŋaŋ		‘gape, open the mouth’
*ciŋap		‘catch one's breath’
*ci(ŋ)kuk		‘bent, curved’
*cirit		‘squirt (of liquids), diarrhoea’
*citcit		‘attract someone’s attention by hissing’
*cubit		‘take with the fingers’
*cukcuk		‘skewer’
*Cukul		‘huddle, bow the head’
*cu(l)cul		‘insert’
*culcul		‘set alight, apply fire to’
*Cumek		‘pulverize, crumble’
*CuŋCuŋ		‘make a booming sound’
*cuŋ(e)qab		‘gasp, pant’
*cuŋkub		‘cover with a hollow container, shelter over a grave’
*cu(ŋ)kup		‘close, cover’
*cupcup		‘sip, suck’
*cupit		‘narrow’
*curik		‘spotted, speckled’
*curit		‘mark, line, dash’
*CuSuR-en		‘strung, skewered’
*cutcut		‘suck noisily’
*d<in>aŋdaŋ		‘(what) was warmed by a fire’
*d<um>akep		‘catch, capture, embrace’
*d<um>aRa		‘in one’s maidenhood’
*d<um>ateŋ		‘arrive’
*d<um>eket		‘stick to something, adhere’
*d<um>eŋeR		‘hear’
*d<um>epa		‘span with outstretched arms, measure in fathoms’
*d<um>ilaq		‘lick (?)’
*da-amax		‘father’
*dabuk		‘pound, beat’
*dabuq		‘fall’
*dadan		‘old (of things), ancient times’
*da-daRa		‘maiden, virgin, unmarried girl’
*da-duha		‘two (of people)’
*dagepak		‘loud slap’
*dahak		‘phlegm, cough up phlegm’
*dahdah		‘chest (anat.)’
*dahemuR		‘dew’
*dahun		‘leaf, blade of paddle or oar, ‘table’ for eating’
*dahun nu taliŋa		‘auricle or shell of the ear’
*dahun-dahun		‘foliage, leaves’
*dajem		‘chills (as of malaria’
*dakdak		‘slam down with force’
*dakep		‘catch, seize, embrace’
*dakep-en		‘caught, captured’
*daki		‘dirt on skin, dandruff, tartar on teeth’
*dakiS		‘climb, ascend’
*dakit		‘join along the length, raft’
*dakuC		‘snatch, grab’
*dalak		‘thunder’
*dalayap		‘kind of citrus tree and fruit’
*dalej		‘housefly’
*dalem		‘insides, area within, inner part of something, between, below, under, deep, mind, feelings, liver (fig.)’
*dalem qatay		‘hold within (of emotions); thoughts)?’
*dalem-en		‘put something into a container’
*dalih		‘assume, act on a supposition, the reason for an action, escuse for something’
*dalih-an		‘reason, pretext, excuse for doing something’
*dalij		‘buttress root’
*dalikan		‘trivet, arrangement of three stones on which the cooking pot is placed’
*daliŋ		‘buttress root’
*dalit		‘glue, paste, plaster, caulk’
*dalit		‘smooth, slippery’
*dalu		‘flying white ant or termite’
*dalu		‘jealousy, anger, quarrel’
*damaR		‘tree resin used in torches (?)’
*damay		‘peace, empathy, harmony between parties’
*damdam		‘fever, illness’
*da(m)paD		‘flat, level’
*da(m)pil		‘nudge, bump against another person’
*dámut		‘selfish, unkind’
*dana		‘old (of things)’
*danaw		‘lake’
*daŋanan		‘handle of a knife or sword’
*daŋaq		‘wide open’
*daŋdaŋ		‘warm oneself or something near a fire, heat or dry near a fire’
*daŋdaŋ-an		‘place something near a fire’
*daŋdaŋ-en		‘dried near a fire or by the sun’
*daŋkaq		‘branch’
*daŋkeq		‘branch, twig’
*da(ŋ)ket		‘stick, adhere to’
*daŋ-sa-anak		‘relatives’
*da(ŋ)sek		‘crowd, push together’
*daŋuy		‘swim’
*daNi		‘soon, presently, almost’
*danum		‘fresh water’
*danum-an		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*dapa		‘palm of the hand’
*dapal		‘width of the palm (?)’
*dapan		‘sole of the foot’
*dapaR		‘flat, level, even’
*dapdap		‘grope’
*dapdap		‘k.o. tree with dense clusters of red flowers, Indian coral tree’; ‘Erythrina indica’
*dapet		‘place in contact with one another, come in contact, space closely’
*dapit		‘transport someone across a river (?)’
*dapít		‘place, location, direction’
*dapuR		‘hearth’
*dapuR		‘pile up (as stones)’
*dapuR dapuR		‘external part of something’
*dapuR-an		‘hearth, cooking place’
*daqan		‘branch, bough’
*daqan		‘old, ancient, formerly’
*daqan kahiw		‘branch of a tree’
*daqani		‘day’
*daqih		‘forehead, face’
*daqu		‘k.o. tree’; ‘Dracontomelum edule’
*daRa		‘maiden, virgin, unmarried girl’
*daRa-daRaq		‘bloody’
*daRaq		‘blood, bleed, menstruate’
*daRat		‘littoral sea, sea near the shore’
*daRayaʔ		‘teem, swarm’
*daRehuŋ		‘deep booming sound’
*daReq		‘soil, probably clay’
*daRi		‘fish’; ‘Scomberoides sp.’
*daRiŋ		‘groan, moan’
*dataR		‘flat, flat or level land’
*dateŋ		‘arrive, reach a place’
*dateŋ-an		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*dateŋ-en		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*datu		‘lineage priest (?)’
*dawak		‘curing ritual conducted by a medium in trance’
*daya		‘upriver, toward the interior’
*daₐ		‘locative case marker for plural personal names’
*debak		‘pound, thud’
*debdeb		‘chest’
*debek		‘smack against’
*dedap		‘k.o. tree’; ‘Erythrina spp.’
*degaq		‘clatter of a stick poking around in something’
*degdeg		‘crowded together, packed in tightly’
*deguʔ		‘sound of swishing water’
*dekak		‘shriek (as of laughter)’
*dekdek		‘pulverize, crush by pounding’
*dekdek		‘tamp down, compact something’
*dekep		‘embrace’
*deket		‘ignite, set aflame’
*deket		‘paste, adhesive (probably made of overcooked rice)’
*deket deket		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*deket-en		‘stuck to by something’
*dekiŋ		‘bark (of a deer)’
*deku		‘bent, curved’
*dekuk		‘bow, bend downward’
*dekuŋ		‘bend over’
*delek		‘thunder’
*delem		‘dark of the moon, moonless night’
*delep		‘submerge, sink’
*deles		‘bowstring’
*demdem		‘brood, hold a grudge, remember, keep still’
*demdem		‘gloom, darkness, dark, overcast, gloomy’
*de(m)paD		‘flat and wide’
*de(m)pul		‘dull, blunt’
*deŋan		‘with, in conjunction with, companion’
*deŋdeŋ		‘thunder, roaring or thunderous sound’
*deŋen		‘with, in conjunction with, companion’
*deŋeR		‘hear, listen, obey, hear about, news, fame, famous, feel, perceive through any sense other than sight’
*de(ŋ)guk		‘deep throaty sound’
*de(ŋ)kit		‘touching or joined along the length’
*deŋkul		‘bend, fold’
*deŋut		‘restless, impatient, annoyed’
*depa-en		‘measure by fathoms’
*depah		‘fathom’
*depa-i		‘measure by fathoms’
*depdep		‘tree with dense clusters of red flowers, Indian coral tree’; ‘Erythrina indica’
*depen		‘mat’
*depuk		‘snap, crack’
*depuŋ		‘venomous snake’
*deRaŋ		‘red’
*deRas		‘hasten’
*deRdeR		‘thunder’
*deReŋ		‘sound of groaning, moaning, roaring, etc.’
*deRep		‘communal help’
*deRes		‘swiftly flowing (of water), heavy (of rain)’
*deRiŋ		‘ring, buzz, etc.’
*deRu		‘roll of thunder’
*deRuŋ		‘distant rolling thunder’
*deRuŋ		‘k.o. tree’; ‘Trema orientalis’
*deruŋ		‘deep booming sound’
*desek		‘press down, press together’
*desek		‘thrust into, pierce with’
*desuR		‘onom. for dull sound’
*detdet		‘packed tightly together’
*-di		‘3p deixis and spatial reference: that, there (distant?)’
*di		‘locative case marker (probably for singular personal names)’
*di hipaR		‘on the opposite side (esp. of a river)’
*di qulu		‘upstream, before’
*dian		‘no, not’
*di-daya		‘above, in the interior’
*didis		‘kind of civet cat’
*di-ieq		‘here’
*diket		‘sticky, adhesive’
*dikiq		‘small’
*dikit		‘little, few, small in amount’
*dikit dikit		‘little by little’
*di-laki		‘male, man’
*dilap		‘lick’
*dilap		‘sparkle, shine’
*dilaq		‘tongue, tongue of tongue-and-groove joint in carpentry’
*dilaq ni buqaya		‘plant sp.’
*dilaq-dilaq		‘plant sp. (?)’
*dilat		‘lick’
*dilep		‘flash, sparkle, shine’
*diŋa		‘hear, listen’
*diŋan		‘friend, companion’
*diŋdiŋ		‘cold’
*diŋdiŋ		‘wall of a house, partition off’
*diŋeR		‘hear’
*diŋin		‘cold’
*diŋkit		‘touching or joined along the length’
*di-ni		‘here’
*diqaq		‘good’
*diqdiq		‘bubble (as liquid that is starting to boil), boil (of water)’
*diq(e)pit		‘join, fasten together, probably lengthwise’
*diRi		‘stand’
*diRus		‘bathe’
*disdis		‘cut, slice’
*ditaq		‘k.o. tree’; ‘Alstonia scholaris’
*di-tu		‘there (2p)’
*du		‘locative case marker for common nouns’
*du-duha		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*duduq		‘breast’
*duha		‘two’
*duha duha		‘doubt, hesitation, uncertainty, hesitate, of two minds’
*duha duha		‘two by two, two at a time, two each, both’
*duha-an		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*duha-en		‘divided into two’
*duha-i		‘share the possession of something with someone else, co-wife (?)’
*duhduh		‘thunder’
*dukduk		‘sit, seated’
*dukduk		‘thrust into a hole (as a stick to catch a crab)’
*dukuq		‘bend over, stoop’
*dukut		‘grass’
*dukut		‘lonely’
*dukut-en		‘overgrown with grass or weeds’
*dulaq		‘saliva, spit’
*dulas		‘slip or slide’
*dulit		‘stick, adhere’
*duluŋ		‘prow of a canoe’
*duluR		‘accompany, go together with’
*duma		‘someone, other people, different’
*dumpul		‘dull, blunt’
*dumul		‘touch with the lips (?)’
*duŋduŋ		‘sheltered (as from wind, rain, or sun)’
*duŋkuk		‘hunched over’
*du(ŋ)kuŋ		‘bend, curve’
*duŋun		‘shore tree’; ‘Heritiera littoralis’
*duniq		‘rainbow’
*dura		‘shy away (of animals)’
*duRduR		‘thunder’
*duRi		‘thorn, splinter, fish bone’
*duRi-an		‘k.o. tree and its fruit, durian’; ‘Durio zibethinus’
*durus		‘slide down’
*dusuk		‘enter, penetrate’
*dutdut		‘pluck, pull out’
*duyuŋ		‘dugong’
*duyuŋ		‘sloping, bent downward’
*ebek		‘thudding sound’
*ebuk		‘dust, powder’
*ebun		‘heap, pile, swarm, flock, assemble, gather’
*ebuq		‘gut a fish, eviscerate’
*ebuR		‘sow, strew, scatter’
*ebus		‘finished, gone’
*edaŋ		‘light, radiance, shine’
*edaq		‘vetative, don't’
*edeg		‘back (of humans or animals)’
*edem		‘overcast, dull lustre’
*edem		‘soak, dye’
*eden		‘brood, sit on eggs’
*egaŋ		‘dry, dried up’
*egap		‘gasp, open the mouth to breathe’
*egik		‘high-pitched throaty sound’
*ejaq		‘vetative, don't’
*ekaŋ		‘hoot, croak’
*ekap		‘gasp for air’
*ekeŋ		‘stiff’
*ekep		‘brood, sit on eggs’
*eket		‘stick, adhere’
*ekit		‘squeak, shriek’
*ekuk		‘make a croaking sound’
*ekup		‘enclose, cover’
*elak		‘separate two things’
*eleb		‘knee’
*elem		‘cautious, suspicious’
*elem		‘shade, darkness’
*elet		‘borrow, in debt’
*elet		‘exert strength or effort’
*eliŋ		‘high-pitched sound’
*eluŋ		‘bend, curve’
*ema		‘father's sister, possibly address term’
*ema		‘kiss’
*ema-q		‘father's sister, possibly address term’
*embaq		‘bring, take along’
*embaw		‘high, on top’
*embej		‘bind the waist, band around the waist’
*embeŋ		‘dam, dam a stream’
*embet		‘bind the middle’
*embut		‘pound (of the pulse)’
*embut-embut		‘fontanel’
*emeg		‘damp, moist’
*emis		‘sweet taste’
*emit		‘small in quantity, few, trifling amount’
*empas		‘fall away, crumble (as a wall)’
*empeŋ		‘block, obstruct, dam a stream’
*empu		‘grandparent/grandchild (recipr.), ancestor, lord, master, owner’
*empu-an		‘object of respect, distinguished or respected person’
*empú-ŋ		‘grandfather, grandmother, ancestor (vocative)’
*empu-ni-a		‘owner, possessor’
*empu-q		‘grandfather, grandmother, ancestor (vocative)’
*emun		‘if’
*emuŋ		‘gather, collect together’
*emuR		‘hold in the mouth’
*-en		‘verbal suffix marking patient or undergoer voice, nominal suffix marking product of an action or thing affected by an action’
*ena		‘catch or get caught in a trap, hit mark with spear, etc.’
*enap		‘scale of a fish’
*eñat		‘stretch’
*enda		‘no, not’
*endaŋ		‘stop, come to a stop’
*endaŋ endaŋ		‘periodically stopping’
*enduR		‘thunder’
*endut		‘resilient, springing back when pressed down’
*enem		‘six’
*enem enem		‘six by six, six at a time’
*enem ŋa puluq		‘sixty’
*eñep		‘sunken, submerged’
*eŋap		‘gasp for breath’
*eŋaq		‘wide open (mouth)’
*eŋeŋ		‘buzz, hum’
*eŋer		‘growl, snarl’
*eŋga		‘no, not’
*eŋgem		‘hold something inside the mouth’
*e(ŋ)guk		‘make a gurgling sound’
*eŋik		‘high-pitched sound of complaint’
*e(ŋ)juŋ		‘nose’
*e(ŋ)kab		‘open, uncover’
*e(ŋ)kak		‘choke, gasp, struggle for breath’
*eŋkak-eŋkak		‘choke, gasp, struggle for breath’
*eŋkaŋ		‘spread the legs’
*eŋkaq		‘breathe quickly or deeply’
*e(ŋ)keb		‘cover’
*e(ŋ)kek		‘subdued laughter, sobbing’
*eŋkel		‘bent, stooped’
*eŋkeŋ		‘moan, hum, howl’
*eŋker		‘low guttural or rumbling sound, snore, roar’
*e(ŋ)kik		‘shrill cry’
*eŋkus		‘snort, sniff, blow air through the nostrils’
*eŋkut		‘guttural sound’
*eŋut		‘complain loudly’
*e(n)teŋ		‘stare, look fixedly at’
*entul		‘bounce, rebound’
*enzak		‘step, tread, stamp’
*enzi		‘term of address to girls’
*enzi-q		‘term of address to girls’
*e(n)zuk		‘proffer, offer’
*epak		‘break, crack, split’
*epan		‘start a fire’
*epaŋ		‘notch, notched’
*epap		‘clap, flap, slap’
*epat		‘four’
*epat epat		‘four at a time’
*epat-an		‘group of four (?)’
*epat-en		‘divided into four’
*epeŋ		‘make a dull sound in the ears’
*epid		‘braid, intertwine’
*epiq		‘burnt food which adheres to the pot’
*epit		‘burnt food which adheres to the pot’
*epuk		‘make a popping sound’
*epus		‘stump, stub, finish, complete’
*eput		‘puff, blow suddenly’
*erak		‘harsh loud sound’
*eRes		‘shrink (of living things)’
*eRiq		‘sword grass’; ‘Imperata cylindrica’
*erut		‘rumbling sound’
*esa		‘one’
*esa esa		‘one by one’
*esak		‘cooked, ripe’
*esek		‘crowded, crowd together’
*esek		‘drive in stakes or posts’
*esem		‘sour’
*eseŋ		‘blow the nose by pinching off one nostril’
*esuŋ		‘rice mortar’
*etak		‘notch (as in a tree trunk), notch-shaped area under the \fv{glans penis}’
*etas		‘slash, chop away’
*eteb		‘cut off, prune’
*etek		‘sound of light knocking’
*etel		‘constipation, packed hard and firm’
*eter		‘shake, vibrate, tremble’
*etes		‘chop, hack, cut off’
*etes		‘cross a river’
*etik		‘little, few, small amount’
*etip		‘burnt rice which adheres to the pot’
*etuk		‘knock, pound, thud’
*ezan		‘notched log ladder’
*g<um>arut		‘rub against, scrape, scratch’
*g<um>atel		‘itch, begin to itch’
*g<um>enep		‘become complete’
*g<um>ilap		‘flash, sparkle’
*g<um>iliŋ		‘turn, roll over, grind up’
*gaduŋ		‘kind of tuber’; ‘Dioscorea spp.’
*gagar		‘brave, plucky’
*gagu		‘dumb, mute’
*gakgak		‘caw (as a crow), raucous talking of people’
*galiŋ		‘grind, crush by grinding’
*galiŋgaŋ		‘k.o. tree’; ‘Cassia alata’
*galu		‘stir, mix’
*galugaʔ		‘k.o. plant’; ‘Bixa orellana’
*galuŋ		‘curve’
*gamak		‘feel, hold in the hand’
*gamat		‘plant from which a dyestuff is obtained’
*gamaʔ		‘catch fish or shrimp with the hands’
*gambaŋ		‘valued metal’
*gamet		‘edible sea animal or plant’
*ga(m)puŋ		‘float’
*ganas		‘raw energy, animal appetite’
*gaŋgaŋ		‘heat or dry something near a fire’
*ganti		‘replace, substitute for, return in kind something given or done’
*ganti-an		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*ga(n)tuk		‘knock against (of body parts)’
*gapgap		‘stammer’
*gaRami		‘rice straw’
*gaRaŋ		‘small edible freshwater crab’
*garaŋ		‘fierce, intense (as of appetite or temper)’
*garaŋ		‘uneven (of edges), jagged, rough’
*garaŋ-gasaŋ		‘uneven (of edges), jagged, rough’
*gaRaw		‘hoarse, raspy (of the voice)’
*gariŋ		‘mill or grind’
*garis		‘brush past, rub or scrape against, draw a line’
*garit		‘striped, having stripes or streaks of different color’
*garu		‘stir, mix’
*gaRuk		‘scratch up, scrape up’
*garus		‘scratch’
*garut		‘rub against, scrape, scratch’
*gasgas		‘rub, abrade’
*gasiŋ		‘spinning top’
*gasiŋ-an		‘spinning top’
*gatak		‘cleave, split’
*gatel		‘itch, feel itchy, sexually stimulated’
*gatel-en		‘affected by itching, infected with scabies or other itchy skin disorders’
*gateq		‘sap, resin, sticky secretion’
*gatgat		‘bite something off, chew something up, mince’
*gaut		‘scratch’
*gawaŋ		‘gate, opening’
*gaway		‘religious feast, festivity’
*gaway		‘tentacles of octopus, squid, jellyfish, etc.’
*gayam		‘k.o. tree’; ‘possibly the Tahitian chestnut, Inocarpus spp., Inocarpus edulis’
*gayaŋ		‘hunting spear’
*gedek		‘sound of sob’
*gek		‘sound of a thud’
*gekgek		‘animal sound’
*gelaŋ		‘earthworm, intestinal worm’
*gelap		‘lightning that strikes something’
*gelap		‘storm, darkness’
*gelem		‘dark, overcast, cloudy’
*geleŋ		‘cut off, sever, ring a tree’
*gem		‘hold in the fist’
*gemel		‘take in the hand, clasp, grasp’
*gemes		‘angry, irritated’
*gemes		‘want, desire’
*gemgem		‘fist, hold in the fist’
*gemi		‘suckerfish, remora, hold on by biting’; ‘Echineis naucrates’
*gempal		‘lump, clod’
*geneŋ		‘dwell, reside’
*genep		‘complete, even (of numbers)’
*genep-i		‘complete something’
*geŋ		‘dull resounding sound’
*gepik		‘sound of light smacking’
*gepit		‘pinch, squeeze between’
*ger		‘sound of a grunt, etc.’
*geraq		‘misfortune, catastrophe’
*gereC		‘slit an animal's throat’
*geret		‘notch, groove’
*gerger		‘imprint, leave a temporary mark’
*gerger		‘shake, shiver, tremble’
*gerit		‘sound of scraping or scratching’
*geRuŋ		‘rumbling or low murmuring sound’
*ges		‘dull sound’
*gesaq		‘restless’
*ge(s)ges		‘shiver’
*getak		‘cleave, split’
*getel		‘pinch’
*geteŋ		‘taut’
*geteq		‘sap, gummy secretion’
*getes		‘snap, break off (as a twig)’
*getget		‘nibble, gnaw, moth’
*getik		‘spotted, striped’
*getil		‘pinch’
*getuk		‘knock, pound on’
*getus		‘snap, break (as a string)’
*giak		‘bark (as a hunting dog), shouting’
*gian		‘addicted to’
*gidik		‘tickle’
*gigil		‘shiver, tremble’
*gigir		‘apprehensive, fearful’
*gigut		‘bite’
*gikgik		‘titter, giggle’
*gila		‘wild, skittish, insane’
*gila-gila		‘wild, insane’
*gilak		‘shine, glitter’
*gilaŋ		‘radiance’
*gilap		‘radiance’
*gilaw		‘gleaming, luminous’
*gilek		‘ticklish sensation’
*giliŋ		‘grind (as by rolling over)’
*giliŋ-an		‘grinding stone, place where foods are ground up or instrument for grinding them’
*giliŋ-en		‘grind, ground up by someone’
*gimbal		‘drum’
*ginelaw		‘dazzling light’
*giŋgiŋ		‘cold, shivering’
*gi(n)tik		‘tap or beat lightly on’
*gintil		‘pimple’
*gipit		‘narrow, tight, confined’
*giqed		‘zeal, ardor, industrious, keen’
*giret		‘encircling article of clothing or adornment’
*girgir		‘shiver, tremble’
*giri		‘tickle’
*giRiŋ		‘ringing sound’
*gisgis		‘rub, scrape against’
*gisgis		‘tear off, break off’
*gitgit		‘nibble, chew at’
*gitik		‘tickle’
*giwaq		‘sway, shake, wiggle’
*guam-en		‘have a thrush or stomatitits infection’
*guham		‘fungal disease of the oral tract: thrush’
*gulay		‘vegetable’
*guluk		‘kind of dagger’
*gumi		‘moustache, beard’
*gumis		‘moustache, beard’
*gu(m)pit		‘pinch together, narrow’
*gumul		‘wrestle, grapple with’
*gu(n)dem		‘overcast, darkened’
*guŋguŋ		‘deep resounding sound’
*guntur		‘thunder’
*gur		‘purring sound’
*gurgur		‘shake’
*gurgur		‘sound of boiling water’
*guris		‘line, scratch a line’
*gurit		‘scratch, sound of scratching’
*guru		‘noise, tumult’
*gurumut		‘swarm around’
*guRun		‘sword grass’; ‘Imperata cylindrica’
*guruq		‘noise, tumult’
*gusgus		‘scrape, scratch, rub’
*gusi		‘gums’
*gusut		‘tangled, confused, complicated’
*gut		‘scrape’
*gutgut		‘front teeth, incisors, gnaw, bite or tear off with the incisors’
*gutgut		‘pluck, pull out’
*gutgut		‘scratch (as an itch)’
*guyaq		‘shake, sway’
*guyeŋ		‘shake, sway’
*guyud		‘pull or drag a heavy object along (as on a sled)’
*guyuŋ		‘shake, sway’
*h<in>apuy		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*h<in>ateD		‘was escorted or brought, person escorted, thing brought’
*h<in>eban		‘what is carried on the back’
*h<in>ipi		‘dream, was dreamt by’
*h<um>apuy		‘(gloss uncertain)’
*h<um>ateD		‘accompany, escort’
*h<um>eRet		‘tighten, fasten firmly’
*h<um>eyup		‘blow’
*h<um>iket		‘tie’
*h<um>ipi		‘dream’
*h<um>uluR		‘descend, go down’
*h<um>una		‘do or go first’
*h<um>uni		‘chirp, crow, sound off (birds)’
*h<um>uzam		‘borrow’
*ha		‘ligature’
*ha		‘locative particle’
*ha		‘marker of a tag question’
*ha-		‘adjectival prefix for adjectives of measure’
*ha-		‘marker of instrumental nouns’
*ha-		‘stative prefix’
*haban		‘cloth used to carry a child on the back’
*habaRat		‘southwest monsoon’
*habed		‘hindrance, obstacle’
*habel-en		‘woven’
*habit		‘long cloth wrapped around body and used for carrying’
*habuk		‘powdery substance, dust’
*hacuk		‘enter, penetrate’
*hadas		‘anise, aniseed, fennel’; ‘Foeniculum vulgare’
*hadiq		‘no, not (probably negator of verbs and adjectives)’
*hadiRi		‘housepost’
*hadu		‘much, many, plenty’
*hagetik		‘sound of ticking’
*hagetuk		‘sound of knocking’
*haguk		‘deep throaty sound’
*hajek		‘smell, sniff, kiss’
*hakep		‘grasp, embrace’
*hakhak		‘laugh loudly, loud or raucous laughter’
*hakut		‘transport piecemeal, transport through repeated trips’
*hakut hakut		‘kind of mason bee or wasp’
*halas		‘forest, wilderness, woods, jungle’
*halas + "dark"		‘primary forest, primeval jungle’
*halas Raya		‘primary forest, virgin jungle’
*halas-an		‘forested area, wilderness’
*halaw		‘drive away (as animals)’
*halem		‘night, dark’
*halin		‘move, transfer’
*haluh		‘large lizard sp.’
*hamak		‘mat’
*hambej		‘wrap around, band around something’
*hambeŋ		‘obstruct, block the way’
*hambin		‘carry in the folds of the clothing’
*hametak		‘kind of legume’
*hameti		‘k.o. plant’; ‘Solanum nigrum’
*hampaŋ		‘easy, promiscuous (of women)’
*hampaR		‘unroll a mat, spread out a mat’
*hampil		‘go together’
*hampir		‘near, close by’
*hampul		‘heave upward’
*hamuk		‘attack, run amuck’
*handem		‘think, understand’
*haŋak		‘out of breath, gasping’
*haŋga		‘until (as far as)’
*haŋin		‘wind’
*haŋin-an		‘filled with air, bloated’
*haŋin-en		‘suffer illness’
*haŋin-haŋin		‘gust, draft, current of air, rumor’
*haŋit		‘anger’
*haŋus		‘gasp for breath’
*haŋus		‘odor of burnt food’
*haŋus-en		‘sniffle’
*haŋut		‘smell, odor’
*hantaD		‘visible, in full view’
*hantatadu		‘large stinging green caterpillar’
*hanunaŋ		‘k.o. tree’; ‘Cordia dichotoma’
*hapaR-an		‘mat’
*hapejes		‘smarting, stinging pain’
*hapejiq		‘smarting, stinging pain’
*hapejis		‘smarting, stinging pain’
*hapen		‘fishing line’
*haphap		‘feel, grope’
*hapin		‘liner, layer, insulation, padding, sleeping mat’
*hapiq		‘flattened (as plants to the ground)’
*hapit		‘press together, press between two surfaces, part of the loom’
*hapit hapit		‘pinching apparatus’
*hapit-an		‘pinching apparatus’
*hapuhap		‘feel, grope’
*hapun		‘dew’
*hapuy		‘fire’
*hapuy hapuy		‘firefly’
*hapuy hapuy		‘tree sp.’
*hapuy-an		‘fireplace, hearth’
*haRemaŋ		‘kind of marine eel’
*haRezan		‘notched log ladder’
*haRezan na batu		‘stone stairs’
*haRuŋ		‘snore, groan, etc.’
*haruqan		‘mudfish’
*hasak		‘ripe, cooked’
*hasaŋ		‘gills’
*hasaŋ-an		‘have gills’
*hasaq		‘whet, sharpen’
*hasaq-an		‘whetstone, grindstone’
*hasaq-en		‘sharpened, thing sharpened’
*haseg		‘stuff or press in, squeezed in’
*hasek		‘dibble, plant seeds with a dibble stick’
*hasek		‘press in, cram, crowd’
*hasek-i		‘press, cram in with force’
*hasuk		‘enter, penetrate, insert’
*hataq		‘raw, uncooked’
*hatay		‘expression of warning: watch out!’
*hateD		‘accompany, escort, conduct, convey, send, return, escort the bride to her husband, gift of food at a wedding, send bridewealth payments’
*hateD-an		‘escort, accompany (imperative)’
*hateD-en		‘escorted, delivered’
*hawak		‘waist, back of the waist’
*hawak-an		‘waistline’
*hawan		‘atmosphere, space between earth and sky’
*hawan hawan		‘atmosphere, space between earth and sky’
*hawhaw		‘wash, rinse’
*hayun		‘shake, sway, swing’
*hayup		‘blow’
*heban		‘carry a child with a carrying cloth’
*hebun		‘group, pile’
*hebut		‘pluck, pull up (as weeds)’
*hedaw		‘stop, cease (of rain)’
*hediq		‘no, not’
*hekak		‘crow, caw’
*hekas		‘release, loosen, untie’
*hekut		‘hunched over, stoop-shouldered’
*helem		‘dark, dim’
*heluŋ		‘shade, shelter’
*hemay		‘cooked rice’
*he(m)bek		‘sob, mumbled complaint’
*hemel		‘touch, hold’
*hemis		‘sweet taste’
*hemut		‘smother, suffocate’
*heñat		‘stretch’
*heñaw		‘wash’
*heŋak		‘out of breath’
*heŋaw		‘exude or escape (of air), gases or similar substances (?)’
*hepak		‘split, break off’
*heqe		‘yes, expression of agreement’
*heqeguk		‘deep guttural sound’
*heReŋ		‘groan, moan, roar, growl’
*heRet		‘bind tightly, belt’
*heRet-en		‘tied up tightly’
*heRuŋ		‘roar’
*hesi		‘flesh, meat’
*hetek		‘cut, sever, chop’

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OUTOFPAPUA database: Lexicons of the West Papuan language area

Blust & Trussel (2019h): Proto-Western Malayo-Polynesian

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