OUTOFPAPUA database: Lexicons of the West Papuan language area

‘carry pick-a-back’ (eng)

‘join forces, cooperate in working’ (eng)

‘Manila hemp’ (eng); ‘Musa textilis’ (lat)

‘beetle sp.’ (eng)

‘bother, disturb, annoy or inconvenience someone’ (eng)

‘extract from body (as sliver, or imagined cause of illness in shamanic practice)’ (eng)

‘spirit that causes sickness’ (eng)

‘side by side’ (eng)

‘copulate’ (eng)

‘sling over the shoulder’ (eng)

‘k.o. plant’ (eng); ‘Acalypha spp.’ (lat)

‘assistance given to someone in need’ (eng)

‘chase, drive away’ (eng)

‘boil sugarcane to make sugarcane wine’ (eng)

‘far’ (eng)

‘early, punctual’ (eng)

‘soot’ (eng)

‘associate with someone’ (eng)

‘appropriate for oneself’ (eng)

‘defend, protect one’s interests’ (eng)

‘fence, wall’ (eng)

‘wait’ (eng)

‘doubt, hesitation’ (eng)

‘hesitate, doubt’ (eng)

‘hesitate, doubt’ (eng)

‘k.o. shrub or tree’ (eng); ‘Melanolepis multiglandulosa’ (lat)

‘dust’ (eng)

‘care for someone, wait on’ (eng)

‘shadow’ (eng)

‘careful, cautious’ (eng)

‘type of wild vine used to blacken the teeth’ (eng)

‘entertain guests, look after visitors’ (eng)

‘accustomed to, skilled at, used to’ (eng)

‘k.o. plant’ (eng); ‘Glochidion spp’ (lat)

‘exclamation of pain, ouch!’ (eng)

‘go or do something slowly, take one’s time’ (eng)

‘beautyberry’ (eng); ‘Callicarpa spp’ (lat)

‘in the line of sight, clearly visible’ (eng)

‘complain, argue back’ (eng)

‘large earthenware jar’ (eng)

‘face, countenance’ (eng)

‘fit, match, suitable’ (eng)

‘ride together with someone else, ride tandem’ (eng)

‘stay with, accompany’ (eng)

‘open, spacious’ (eng)

‘guess, suspect’ (eng)

‘hear at a distance’ (eng)

‘how? In what way?’ (eng)

‘lie in wait, set an ambush in hunting game’ (eng)

‘small tree’ (eng); ‘Morinda citrifolia Linn. (probably)’ (lat)

‘lying flat (of something that is usually upright, or in some other position)’ (eng)

‘touch someone lightly, rub the back’ (eng)

‘cheek’ (eng)

‘forefathers, ancestors’ (eng)

‘regard as a grandparent or grandchild (?)’ (eng)

‘grandparent, ancestor, lord, master, owner (voc.)’ (eng)

‘break out in boils’ (eng)

‘k.o. large marine crab’ (eng)

‘exclamation of pain’ (eng)

‘expression (as of displeasure or surprise)’ (eng)

‘flood tide’ (eng)

‘sacrifice to the spirits’ (eng)

‘poisonous arthropod’ (eng)

‘face, confront’ (eng)

‘separate people who are fighting’ (eng)

‘quarrel, argue, fight’ (eng)

‘depart, separate from’ (eng)

‘agree with, in concord with’ (eng)

‘arrange, make something neat or proper’ (eng)

‘effeminate (of a man)’ (eng)

‘pounded rice’ (eng)

‘worm-eaten’ (eng)

‘rice porridge’ (eng)

‘arise from sleep’ (eng)

‘recover, regain something lost’ (eng)

‘soak’ (eng)

‘take a woman as mistress’ (eng)

‘bolo used in agricultural work’ (eng)

‘well-matched’ (eng)

‘thing, detail’ (eng)

‘details, particulars’ (eng)

‘destroy, ruin’ (eng)

‘destroyed, broken apart’ (eng)

‘pull out’ (eng)

‘pull out’ (eng)

‘fall to the ground (of something heavy)’ (eng)

‘anklet, ribbon worn around leg’ (eng)

‘pull out (as hair)’ (eng)

‘pull out (as hair)’ (eng)

‘vine, possibly arrowroot, famine food’ (eng)

‘sneeze’ (eng)

‘hard outer wood of a palm trunk (used in making bows)’ (eng)

‘spear used in warfare, throw a spear at someone’ (eng)

‘divert the attention of someone’ (eng)

‘maybe, perhaps, possibly’ (eng)

‘frog’ (eng)

‘k.o. monkey’ (eng)

‘tear with an upward motion’ (eng)

‘old woman, female (of animals)’ (eng)

‘piglet, suckling pig’ (eng)

‘long-legged shore-bird, sandpiper or snipe’ (eng)

‘co-parent-in-law, relationship between parents of spouses’ (eng)

‘crosswise, athwart’ (eng)

‘edible marine invertebrate, probably sea cucumber’ (eng)

‘k.o. small shrimp’ (eng)

‘negative marker’ (eng)

‘k.o. banana’ (eng)

‘rinse, rinse off’ (eng)

‘join, participate in, accompany’ (eng)

‘encircle, wrap around’ (eng)

‘reverse, turn around’ (eng)

‘reverse, turn over or around’ (eng)

‘tie around, belt’ (eng)

‘bend, curl up’ (eng)

‘species of edible snail’ (eng)

‘creeping vine that grows on sandy beaches, beach morning glory’ (eng); ‘Ipomoea pes-caprae’ (lat)

‘bird: the kingfisher’ (eng)

‘tree: the banyan or strangler fig’ (eng)

‘gold ore’ (eng)

‘change, exchange, repeat, return, again’ (eng)

‘rotate, turn around (of an object)’ (eng)

‘bind, tie up (as a person)’ (eng)

‘bind, tie up (as a person)’ (eng)

‘large open-work basket’ (eng)

‘dugout canoe’ (eng)

‘k.o. tree’ (eng); ‘Lagerstroemia speciosa’ (lat)

‘tired’ (eng)

‘numb, 'fall asleep' (of a limb)’ (eng)

‘bruise, raise welts’ (eng)

‘nickname (?)’ (eng)

‘earthen water jar’ (eng)

‘fragrance, pleasant odor’ (eng)

‘wedge, shim, piece inserted to prevent movement’ (eng)

‘milkfish’ (eng); ‘Chanos chanos’ (lat)

‘k.o. tree’ (eng); ‘Pongamia spp.’ (lat)

‘k.o. tree’ (eng)

‘tree: Planchonella obovata’ (eng)

‘fame, famous, renowned’ (eng)

‘fish hook’ (eng)

‘hawk, eagle’ (eng)

‘k.o. tree’ (eng)

‘old’ (eng)

‘spoiled, gone to waste, never realized (of potential for fertility)’ (eng)

‘tortoise, land turtle’ (eng)

‘move arms in a flailing motion (as in freestyle swimming)’ (eng)

‘crossbeam in house construction’ (eng)

‘small marine fish’ (eng)

‘communal boat’ (eng)

‘meet’ (eng)

‘k.o. tree’ (eng)

‘type of rattan’ (eng)

‘k.o. tree with edible fruit’ (eng); ‘Diplodiscus paniculatus Turz.’ (lat)

‘crack, break, cracked, broken’ (eng)

‘playing of gongs’ (eng)

‘come apart (as the fibers of a rope)’ (eng)

‘sugarcane wine’ (eng)

‘blame someone for something’ (eng)

‘hairy eggplant’ (eng); ‘Solanum ferox Linn.’ (lat)

‘hunting net, net used in hunting’ (eng)

‘catch by the legs’ (eng)

‘ringing sound (as of a bell)’ (eng)

‘lift, raise’ (eng)

‘aligned, lined up’ (eng)

‘for water to run downhill (as in artificial irrigation on terraced hillsides)’ (eng)

‘reduce, lower (as a price)’ (eng)

‘trigger on spring trap’ (eng)

‘recover something lost, regain’ (eng)

‘recover something lost’ (eng)

‘k.o. marine fish’ (eng)

‘leave things or people alone, abandon’ (eng)

‘beach, shore’ (eng)

‘slender bamboo used for binding’ (eng)

‘stretch’ (eng)

‘wind, tie by winding around’ (eng)

‘choke on something swallowed (as a fishbone)’ (eng)

‘tired, weary, tire, grow tired’ (eng)

‘retaliate, take revenge’ (eng)

‘state, express in words’ (eng)

‘chasm, precipice’ (eng)

‘edge, border’ (eng)

‘moustache, whiskers’ (eng)

‘fishhook’ (eng)

‘relapse’ (eng)

‘hit, strike, or hard objects colliding’ (eng)

‘k.o. tree’ (eng); ‘Acalypha amentacea Roxb.’ (lat)

‘open (as a flower)’ (eng)

‘open (as a flower)’ (eng)

‘blame someone for something’ (eng)

‘bundle or sheaf (as of rice)’ (eng)

‘binding material, cordage, bundle’ (eng)

‘bind into bundles or sheaves’ (eng)

‘pull’ (eng)

‘satiated, full after eating’ (eng)

‘suddenly’ (eng)

‘allowed to live, given life, made captive’ (eng)

‘winnowing basket’ (eng)

‘spread the legs’ (eng)

‘spread out, unfurl’ (eng)

‘scar’ (eng)

‘supposing that, as if, consider, treat as’ (eng)

‘friend, companion’ (eng)

‘relationship between spouses of siblings’ (eng)

‘blackened’ (eng)

‘stretch open, dilate’ (eng)

‘joined along the length’ (eng)

‘k.o. tree’ (eng); ‘Macaranga tanarius’ (lat)

‘sprinkle water on something’ (eng)

‘hang’ (eng)

‘hung, suspended’ (eng)

‘intestinal worm’ (eng)

‘hang, suspend’ (eng)

‘hang, suspend’ (eng)

‘pit, hole, well, waterhole’ (eng)

‘k.o. tree’ (eng)

‘uproot a tree’ (eng)

‘uproot a tree’ (eng)

‘release something pent-up, let something go’ (eng)

‘tomorrow’ (eng)

‘woman, female’ (eng)

‘powdery substance’ (eng)

‘pumice’ (eng)

‘hit with the fist, beat up’ (eng)

‘flow through a small opening (of rushing water)’ (eng)

‘steep descent’ (eng)

‘alone, single’ (eng)

‘one to whom tribute is paid’ (eng)

‘pluck, as fruit’ (eng)

‘fish eggs, roe’ (eng)

‘pour out (possibly only solids)’ (eng)

‘unfold, open up, blossom’ (eng)

‘gluttonous, greedy with food’ (eng)

‘stumble, lose balance and fall’ (eng)

‘knot, lump’ (eng)

‘bulge (as the belly of a pregnant woman), hunchback’ (eng)

‘lumpy, full of lumps’ (eng)

‘cataract of the eye, hazy or blurred vision’ (eng)

‘shooting star, meteor, spirit of the shooting star’ (eng)

‘spoiled coconut’ (eng)

‘body hair, feathers’ (eng)

‘blind in one eye’ (eng)

‘carry on a pole between two persons, help someone carry a load’ (eng)

‘dwarfish, small (of people)’ (eng)

‘anchovy’ (eng); ‘Stolephorus spp.’ (lat)

‘borrow, lend’ (eng)

‘borrow’ (eng)

‘mountainous area’ (eng)

‘uncastrated male animal, stud, male breeding animal’ (eng)

‘beat up, bruise someone’ (eng)

‘open the mouth wide’ (eng)

‘scrotum, testicles’ (eng)

‘deep resounding sound’ (eng)

‘stench, bad odor’ (eng)

‘harelip, missing or crooked teeth’ (eng)

‘wrapping material, wrap’ (eng)

‘skull’ (eng)

‘k.o. banana’ (eng)

‘baptism’ (eng)

‘k.o. mushroom’ (eng)

‘distribute, pass out shares (as of food)’ (eng)

‘generic for small fish such as gobies’ (eng)

‘pulling out, uprooting’ (eng)

‘remove coconut husk, scrub with coconut husk’ (eng)

‘fibrous’ (eng)

‘pull out, uproot’ (eng)

‘husk it!’ (eng)

‘fishhook’ (eng)

‘split open’ (eng)

‘place into which something is poured’ (eng)

‘protruding part of the lower leg’ (eng)

‘pregnant’ (eng)

‘broken, shattered’ (eng)

‘drive off, chase away, expel’ (eng)

‘only child, alone, by onself, go it alone’ (eng)

‘snap under tension (rope, string)’ (eng)

‘lazy, listless, unwilling to work’ (eng)

‘laid out after death, prepared for interment’ (eng)

‘split apart (of wood)’ (eng)

‘split, rip open’ (eng)

‘split open’ (eng)

‘strong free flow of water’ (eng)

‘male pig, boar’ (eng)

‘whale?’ (eng)

‘make holes in sacks of rice, etc. (as chickens or rats do)’ (eng)

‘pulled out, plucked, what is pulled or plucked out’ (eng)

‘having warts’ (eng)

‘get smallpox, get swine disease’ (eng)

‘smallpox, swine disease’ (eng)

‘spotted, dappled, speckled’ (eng)

‘gecko, house lizard’ (eng)

‘satiated, full (of the stomach)’ (eng)

‘roasted rice, popped rice’ (eng)

‘have an inflated abdomen’ (eng)

‘swollen (of the flesh)’ (eng)

‘silk cotton tree’ (eng); ‘Ceiba pentandra Linn.’ (lat)

‘divulge secrets, recant’ (eng)

‘paunchy, big-bellied’ (eng)

‘bumblebee’ (eng)

‘rotten, stinking’ (eng)

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

‘distance oneself, move far off’ (eng)

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

‘dust’ (eng)

‘bamboo shoot’ (eng)

‘term of reference for older female relative’ (eng)

‘play, frolic’ (eng)

‘drop, fall down’ (eng)

‘year’ (eng)

‘wash ashore (as driftwood)’ (eng)

‘lodge, stay in someone else’s house’ (eng)

‘continue on with doing something, do immediately, do without hesitation’ (eng)

‘big, large (in size or quantity)’ (eng)

‘ford a river, cross to the other side (of a river, street, etc.)’ (eng)

‘mudfish, murrel’ (eng)

‘rushing of water, rapids, cascade’ (eng)

‘pay a visit, drop by to see someone’ (eng)

‘talkative, loquacious’ (eng)

‘buttress root’ (eng)

‘quick, do quickly, do in a short time’ (eng)

‘pure, high quality’ (eng)

‘venom, poison’ (eng)

‘palm of the hand, sole of the foot’ (eng)

‘k.o. shrub’ (eng)

‘k.o. freshwater fish’ (eng)

‘clearing in forest’ (eng)

‘stay up all night, continue until daybreak’ (eng)

‘cloth, clothing’ (eng)

‘beaten track, footprints making a trail’ (eng)

‘that, those’ (eng)

‘handspan’ (eng)

‘punch, hit with the fist’ (eng)

‘marine fish, probably snapper sp.’ (eng)

‘lie flat, flat area’ (eng)

‘should, ought to’ (eng)

‘place in contact with one another, come in contact, space closely’ (eng)

‘treat with medicine’ (eng)

‘cut chips or bits from something, scrape off’ (eng)

‘graze, brush against, strike at an angle’ (eng)

‘skidding, stumbling, losing balance’ (eng)

‘attracted to, swarm around (as ants do on finding food)’ (eng)

‘perch (of birds)’ (eng)

‘however, provided that’ (eng)

‘floor’ (eng)

‘sew’ (eng)

‘quick, fast (of speech or actions), often, frequently’ (eng)

‘bird of prey, swoop down and seize prey (of raptorial birds)’ (eng)

‘slide down’ (eng)

‘food laid out for a feast’ (eng)

‘bring the hands together’ (eng)

‘cover, covering’ (eng)

‘excuse, alibi’ (eng)

‘receive, ask for’ (eng)

‘receive, accept’ (eng)

‘k.o. marine snail’ (eng)

‘k.o. tree with poisonous sap’ (eng)

‘k.o. small tree with leaves used as medicine’ (eng); ‘Citrus aurantifolia’ (lat)

‘praise someone’ (eng)

‘sticky, glutinous, adhesive’ (eng)

‘stranger, foreigner, guest’ (eng)

‘blackened (as the teeth with betel stains)’ (eng)

‘force something to move’ (eng)

‘move aside, make room for (as by moving a little)’ (eng)

‘touch, come in contact with’ (eng)

‘cook vegetables’ (eng)

‘listen to’ (eng)

‘touch’ (eng)

‘second pounding of rice’ (eng)

‘rub, rub together’ (eng)

‘push down, trample down (as vegetation)’ (eng)

‘on the opposite side’ (eng)

‘dark, obscure, cloudy’ (eng)

‘pad placed under cooking pots, loads to carry on the head, etc.’ (eng)

‘stick out the tongue’ (eng)

‘internal organ, pancreas (?)’ (eng)

‘turmeric, yellow’ (eng)

‘long-jawed anchovy’ (eng)

‘particle of negation’ (eng)

‘k.o. herb with medicinal value’ (eng)

‘snake venom, plant poison used on tips of arrows’ (eng)

‘grasshopper, locust’ (eng)

‘term of endearment for a little boy’ (eng)

‘lair of a wild pig for giving birth’ (eng)

‘hand something to someone’ (eng)

‘pound repeatedly, crush’ (eng)

‘draw out, pickpocket someone’ (eng)

‘tray or low table’ (eng)

‘yellow, yellowish-brown (as dry leaves)’ (eng)

‘forc, achieve by force’ (eng)

‘thunder’ (eng)

‘darkening, obscuring of light’ (eng)

‘cicada’ (eng)

‘shooting star, meteor’ (eng)

‘smudge, dirty spot’ (eng)

‘shooting star, meteor’ (eng)

‘clean up a swidden after burning’ (eng)

‘serve food, dish up food’ (eng)

‘snout, nose’ (eng)

‘knowledge, skill, intelligence’ (eng)

‘swinging cradle for an infant’ (eng)

‘coconut shell receptacle for food or water’ (eng)

‘remove, take off or out’ (eng)

‘pull something toward oneself’ (eng)

‘pull something toward oneself’ (eng)

‘group of six’ (eng)

‘keep to oneself’ (eng)

‘sniffle, snore’ (eng)

‘laugh, laughter’ (eng)

‘sniffle, pant’ (eng)

‘fibrous material at base of coconut frond’ (eng)

‘bush knife, machete’ (eng)

‘what is ground up, what is produced by twisting around or grinding’ (eng)

‘taro’ (eng); ‘Colocasia esculenta’ (lat)

‘pull out or up’ (eng)

‘almasiga tree’ (eng); ‘Agathis celebica (Koord.)’ (lat)

‘finger, toe, tentacles of octopus’ (eng)

‘respect, reverence’ (eng)

‘show respect for someone’ (eng)

‘use’ (eng)

‘poison’ (eng)

‘poison’ (eng)

‘open the mouth’ (eng)

‘pull up, pull out (as grass or a tooth)’ (eng)

‘pull up, pull out (as grass or a tooth)’ (eng)

‘sickle, harvest rice with a sickle’ (eng)

‘oar, row a boat’ (eng)

‘restlessness, wild or unruly movement’ (eng)

‘move or touch in an agitated or compulsive fashion’ (eng)

‘coral’ (eng)

‘firewood’ (eng)

‘betel pepper’ (eng)

‘plan, prepare to do something’ (eng)

‘slice into thin strips (as meat or vegetables)’ (eng)

‘k.o. seaweed’ (eng)

‘destroy, demolish’ (eng)

‘cut with sawing motion’ (eng)

‘line, groove, mark made by cutting’ (eng)

‘shouting, shout’ (eng)

‘rub something off’ (eng)

‘side, edge’ (eng)

‘crush between weights, press out’ (eng)

‘tickle, ticklish’ (eng)

‘gap, open space, breach’ (eng)

‘attack, go to war’ (eng)

‘tree with bark that can be used as a shampoo’ (eng); ‘Ganphyllum falcatum Bl.’ (lat)

‘gelatin, agar-agar’ (eng)

‘finger, toe, tentacles of octopus’ (eng)

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

‘cook vegetables’ (eng)

‘line, scratch, furrow’ (eng)

‘movement, move’ (eng)

‘k.o. banana’ (eng)

‘rice variety’ (eng)

‘sled or board used for dragging materials (?)’ (eng)

‘pulled or dragged along’ (eng)

‘become tame or gentle’ (eng)

‘subside, dry up’ (eng)

‘tumor in the mouth of an animal’ (eng)

‘weave cloth’ (eng)

‘loom for weaving cloth’ (eng)

‘gulp, devour, eat like a pig’ (eng)

‘temporary hut, shelter’ (eng)

‘far, distant’ (eng)

‘wrap around, hug’ (eng)

‘kiss’ (eng)

‘pant (as a dog with open mouth)’ (eng)

‘proud, boastful’ (eng)

‘slap, smack’ (eng)

‘lift the head, raise the head’ (eng)

‘breathe heavily or with difficulty’ (eng)

‘gnaw, chew on’ (eng)

‘chew on, gnaw on’ (eng)

‘smell’ (eng)

‘chase, pursue’ (eng)

‘chased, pursued’ (eng)

‘whip’ (eng)

‘rub, massage’ (eng)

‘line (as a shelf or box), provide a lining for’ (eng)

‘lined by’ (eng)

‘rub, massage’ (eng)

‘roost (of chickens), time of roosting’ (eng)

‘perch, roosting place for chickens’ (eng)

‘tame, docile, mild-mannered’ (eng)

‘climb down, dismount, unload’ (eng)

‘for fish to prey on other fish’ (eng)

‘pasturage, grazing’ (eng)

‘divide into shares, give out portions’ (eng)

‘fuel for fire, anything used to start a fire’ (eng)

‘thirst’ (eng)

‘animal’ (eng)

‘animal’ (eng)

‘evaporate, dry up’ (eng)

‘borrowed’ (eng)

‘sleep’ (eng)

‘think, consider, thought, idea’ (eng)

‘moan, groan’ (eng)

‘laughter, laugh’ (eng)

‘plant seeds by dibbling’ (eng)

‘field made by dibbling’ (eng)

‘order, request’ (eng)

‘remove hair or feathers’ (eng)

‘lie down’ (eng)