Blust & Trussel (2019g): Proto-Philippine
Search entries
| Headword | IPA | Glosses | |
|---|---|---|---|
| *aba | ‘carry pick-a-back’ |
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| *abag | ‘join forces, cooperate in working’ |
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| *abaká | ‘Manila hemp’; ‘Musa textilis’ |
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| *abal | ‘beetle sp.’ |
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| *abála | ‘bother, disturb, annoy or inconvenience someone’ |
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| *abat | ‘extract from body (as sliver, or imagined cause of illness in shamanic practice)’ |
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| *abat | ‘spirit that causes sickness’ |
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| *abay | ‘side by side’ |
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| *abij | ‘copulate’ |
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| *abijay | ‘sling over the shoulder’ |
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| *abilus | ‘k.o. plant’; ‘Acalypha spp.’ |
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| *abúluy | ‘assistance given to someone in need’ |
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| *ábuR | ‘chase, drive away’ |
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| *abuyu | ‘boil sugarcane to make sugarcane wine’ |
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| *adayúq | ‘far’ |
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| *ága | ‘early, punctual’ |
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| *ágiw | ‘soot’ |
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| *agúm | ‘associate with someone’ |
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| *águm | ‘appropriate for oneself’ |
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| *agum-an | ‘defend, protect one’s interests’ |
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| *alabat | ‘fence, wall’ |
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| *alagád | ‘wait’ |
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| *alaŋ | ‘doubt, hesitation’ |
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| *alaŋ-alaŋ | ‘hesitate, doubt’ |
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| *alaŋ-án | ‘hesitate, doubt’ |
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| *álem | ‘k.o. shrub or tree’; ‘Melanolepis multiglandulosa’ |
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| *alik-qabuk | ‘dust’ |
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| *alílaq | ‘care for someone, wait on’ |
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| *alinaw | ‘shadow’ |
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| *áman | ‘careful, cautious’ |
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| *amuluŋ | ‘type of wild vine used to blacken the teeth’ |
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| *amuma | ‘entertain guests, look after visitors’ |
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| *anad | ‘accustomed to, skilled at, used to’ |
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| *anam | ‘k.o. plant’; ‘Glochidion spp’ |
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| *ananay | ‘exclamation of pain, ouch!’ |
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| *ananay | ‘go or do something slowly, take one’s time’ |
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| *anayup | ‘beautyberry’; ‘Callicarpa spp’ |
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| *aŋ | ‘in the line of sight, clearly visible’ |
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| *áŋal | ‘complain, argue back’ |
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| *aŋaŋ | ‘large earthenware jar’ |
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| *aŋas | ‘face, countenance’ |
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| *aŋáy | ‘fit, match, suitable’ |
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| *aŋkás | ‘ride together with someone else, ride tandem’ |
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| *antábay | ‘stay with, accompany’ |
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| *antad | ‘open, spacious’ |
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| *antap | ‘guess, suspect’ |
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| *ántiŋ | ‘hear at a distance’ |
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| *anu-en | ‘how? In what way?’ |
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| *apat | ‘lie in wait, set an ambush in hunting game’ |
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| *apatut | ‘small tree’; ‘Morinda citrifolia Linn. (probably)’ |
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| *ap(e)lag | ‘lying flat (of something that is usually upright, or in some other position)’ |
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| *ap(e)rus | ‘touch someone lightly, rub the back’ |
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| *apiŋ | ‘cheek’ |
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| *apu apu | ‘forefathers, ancestors’ |
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| *apu-en | ‘regard as a grandparent or grandchild (?)’ |
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| *apu-q | ‘grandparent, ancestor, lord, master, owner (voc.)’ |
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| *apúy | ‘break out in boils’ |
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| *aRama | ‘k.o. large marine crab’ |
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| *aráy | ‘exclamation of pain’ |
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| *atá | ‘expression (as of displeasure or surprise)’ |
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| *atáb | ‘flood tide’ |
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| *átaŋ | ‘sacrifice to the spirits’ |
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| *átaŋ átaŋ | ‘poisonous arthropod’ |
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| *atúbaŋ | ‘face, confront’ |
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| *awat | ‘separate people who are fighting’ |
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| *áway | ‘quarrel, argue, fight’ |
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| *ayáw | ‘depart, separate from’ |
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| *áyun | ‘agree with, in concord with’ |
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| *áyus | ‘arrange, make something neat or proper’ |
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| *b<in>a-bahi | ‘effeminate (of a man)’ |
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| *b<in>eRas | ‘pounded rice’ |
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| *b<in>ukbuk | ‘worm-eaten’ |
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| *b<in>uRbuR | ‘rice porridge’ |
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| *b<um>aŋun | ‘arise from sleep’ |
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| *b<um>áwiq | ‘recover, regain something lost’ |
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| *bábad | ‘soak’ |
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| *ba-bahi-en | ‘take a woman as mistress’ |
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| *baduŋ | ‘bolo used in agricultural work’ |
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| *bagáy | ‘well-matched’ |
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| *bágay | ‘thing, detail’ |
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| *bágay-bágay | ‘details, particulars’ |
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| *bagbág | ‘destroy, ruin’ |
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| *bagbag-en | ‘destroyed, broken apart’ |
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| *bag(e)qut | ‘pull out’ |
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| *bag(e)qut-en | ‘pull out’ |
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| *bag(e)sák | ‘fall to the ground (of something heavy)’ |
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| *bagiat | ‘anklet, ribbon worn around leg’ |
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| *bagut | ‘pull out (as hair)’ |
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| *bagut-en | ‘pull out (as hair)’ |
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| *baháy | ‘vine, possibly arrowroot, famine food’ |
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| *bahén | ‘sneeze’ |
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| *báhiq | ‘hard outer wood of a palm trunk (used in making bows)’ |
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| *bákal | ‘spear used in warfare, throw a spear at someone’ |
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| *bakaŋ | ‘divert the attention of someone’ |
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| *bakáq | ‘maybe, perhaps, possibly’ |
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| *bakbak | ‘frog’ |
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| *bake | ‘k.o. monkey’ |
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| *bak(e)nis | ‘tear with an upward motion’ |
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| *bakes | ‘old woman, female (of animals)’ |
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| *baketin | ‘piglet, suckling pig’ |
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| *balalaŋ | ‘long-legged shore-bird, sandpiper or snipe’ |
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| *balaqih | ‘co-parent-in-law, relationship between parents of spouses’ |
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| *bala(R)báR | ‘crosswise, athwart’ |
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| *balát | ‘edible marine invertebrate, probably sea cucumber’ |
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| *balaw | ‘k.o. small shrimp’ |
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| *baláw | ‘negative marker’ |
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| *baláyaŋ | ‘k.o. banana’ |
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| *bal(e)ñáw | ‘rinse, rinse off’ |
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| *báli | ‘join, participate in, accompany’ |
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| *balíkes | ‘encircle, wrap around’ |
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| *baliketád | ‘reverse, turn around’ |
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| *balikid | ‘reverse, turn over or around’ |
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| *balíkis | ‘tie around, belt’ |
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| *balikutkút | ‘bend, curl up’ |
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| *balilit | ‘species of edible snail’ |
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| *balinu | ‘creeping vine that grows on sandy beaches, beach morning glory’; ‘Ipomoea pes-caprae’ |
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| *balisúsu | ‘bird: the kingfisher’ |
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| *balítiq | ‘tree: the banyan or strangler fig’ |
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| *balitúk | ‘gold ore’ |
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| *baliw-an | ‘change, exchange, repeat, return, again’ |
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| *baliweswes | ‘rotate, turn around (of an object)’ |
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| *balud | ‘bind, tie up (as a person)’ |
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| *balud-en | ‘bind, tie up (as a person)’ |
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| *balúlaŋ | ‘large open-work basket’ |
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| *balútu | ‘dugout canoe’ |
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| *banabá | ‘k.o. tree’; ‘Lagerstroemia speciosa’ |
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| *banal | ‘tired’ |
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| *ban(e)héd | ‘numb, 'fall asleep' (of a limb)’ |
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| *banéR | ‘bruise, raise welts’ |
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| *ban(e)sag | ‘nickname (?)’ |
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| *baŋaq | ‘earthen water jar’ |
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| *baŋ(e)lúh | ‘fragrance, pleasant odor’ |
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| *baŋil | ‘wedge, shim, piece inserted to prevent movement’ |
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| *baŋús | ‘milkfish’; ‘Chanos chanos’ |
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| *bani | ‘k.o. tree’; ‘Pongamia spp.’ |
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| *baniákaw | ‘k.o. tree’ |
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| *banisah | ‘tree: Planchonella obovata’ |
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| *bantug | ‘fame, famous, renowned’ |
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| *banuít | ‘fish hook’ |
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| *banúR | ‘hawk, eagle’ |
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| *banútan | ‘k.o. tree’ |
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| *baqak | ‘old’ |
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| *báqug | ‘spoiled, gone to waste, never realized (of potential for fertility)’ |
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| *baququ | ‘tortoise, land turtle’ |
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| *bara-bara | ‘move arms in a flailing motion (as in freestyle swimming)’ |
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| *barakílan | ‘crossbeam in house construction’ |
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| *baranbán | ‘small marine fish’ |
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| *baraŋgay | ‘communal boat’ |
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| *baRat | ‘meet’ |
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| *barat | ‘k.o. tree’ |
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| *barit | ‘type of rattan’ |
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| *baRubu | ‘k.o. tree with edible fruit’; ‘Diplodiscus paniculatus Turz.’ |
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| *basag | ‘crack, break, cracked, broken’ |
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| *basal | ‘playing of gongs’ |
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| *basbas | ‘come apart (as the fibers of a rope)’ |
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| *bási | ‘sugarcane wine’ |
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| *básul | ‘blame someone for something’ |
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| *basula | ‘hairy eggplant’; ‘Solanum ferox Linn.’ |
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| *batéŋ | ‘hunting net, net used in hunting’ |
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| *batiŋ | ‘catch by the legs’ |
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| *batiŋtiŋ | ‘ringing sound (as of a bell)’ |
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| *batun | ‘lift, raise’ |
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| *batuR | ‘aligned, lined up’ |
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| *bawaŋ | ‘for water to run downhill (as in artificial irrigation on terraced hillsides)’ |
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| *bawas | ‘reduce, lower (as a price)’ |
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| *baweR | ‘trigger on spring trap’ |
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| *báwiq | ‘recover something lost, regain’ |
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| *bawiq-en | ‘recover something lost’ |
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| *báyaŋ-báyaŋ | ‘k.o. marine fish’ |
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| *bayáq | ‘leave things or people alone, abandon’ |
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| *baybáy | ‘beach, shore’ |
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| *bayug | ‘slender bamboo used for binding’ |
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| *beh(e)ñat | ‘stretch’ |
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| *bejbej-en | ‘wind, tie by winding around’ |
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| *bekeR-an | ‘choke on something swallowed (as a fishbone)’ |
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| *belay | ‘tired, weary, tire, grow tired’ |
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| *beles | ‘retaliate, take revenge’ |
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| *beŋát | ‘state, express in words’ |
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| *beŋ(e)qáw | ‘chasm, precipice’ |
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| *beŋet | ‘edge, border’ |
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| *beŋet | ‘moustache, whiskers’ |
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| *beŋuit | ‘fishhook’ |
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| *beRnát | ‘relapse’ |
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| *beRták | ‘hit, strike, or hard objects colliding’ |
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| *beRus | ‘k.o. tree’; ‘Acalypha amentacea Roxb.’ |
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| *bes(e)kág | ‘open (as a flower)’ |
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| *bes(e)káj | ‘open (as a flower)’ |
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| *bes(e)qel | ‘blame someone for something’ |
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| *betek | ‘bundle or sheaf (as of rice)’ |
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| *beték | ‘binding material, cordage, bundle’ |
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| *betek-en | ‘bind into bundles or sheaves’ |
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| *beteŋ | ‘pull’ |
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| *biaR | ‘satiated, full after eating’ |
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| *big(e)láq | ‘suddenly’ |
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| ̈*bihaR-en | ‘allowed to live, given life, made captive’ |
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| *bijaqu | ‘winnowing basket’ |
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| *bikad | ‘spread the legs’ |
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| *bik(e)laj | ‘spread out, unfurl’ |
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| *bik(e)lát | ‘scar’ |
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| *bilaŋ | ‘supposing that, as if, consider, treat as’ |
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| *bilaq | ‘friend, companion’ |
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| *bilas | ‘relationship between spouses of siblings’ |
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| *bilu | ‘blackened’ |
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| *biŋát | ‘stretch open, dilate’ |
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| *biŋkit | ‘joined along the length’ |
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| *binuŋa | ‘k.o. tree’; ‘Macaranga tanarius’ |
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| *bisíbis | ‘sprinkle water on something’ |
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| *bítay | ‘hang’ |
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| *bitay-en | ‘hung, suspended’ |
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| *bitek | ‘intestinal worm’ |
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| *bítin | ‘hang, suspend’ |
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| *bítin-bítin | ‘hang, suspend’ |
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| *bítu | ‘pit, hole, well, waterhole’ |
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| *biu | ‘k.o. tree’ |
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| *buág | ‘uproot a tree’ |
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| *buál | ‘uproot a tree’ |
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| *buaŋ | ‘release something pent-up, let something go’ |
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| *buás | ‘tomorrow’ |
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| *bu-bahi | ‘woman, female’ |
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| *budbud | ‘powdery substance’ |
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| *búgaq | ‘pumice’ |
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| *bugbug-en | ‘hit with the fist, beat up’ |
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| *bug(e)ris | ‘flow through a small opening (of rushing water)’ |
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| *bug(e)suk | ‘steep descent’ |
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| *bug(e)túŋ | ‘alone, single’ |
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| *buhis-an | ‘one to whom tribute is paid’ |
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| *bujas | ‘pluck, as fruit’ |
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| *bujiq | ‘fish eggs, roe’ |
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| *bukbuk | ‘pour out (possibly only solids)’ |
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| *buk(e)lad | ‘unfold, open up, blossom’ |
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| *buk(e)law | ‘gluttonous, greedy with food’ |
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| *buk(e)lid | ‘stumble, lose balance and fall’ |
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| *buk(e)núl | ‘knot, lump’ |
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| *buk(e)tút | ‘bulge (as the belly of a pregnant woman), hunchback’ |
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| *bukul | ‘lumpy, full of lumps’ |
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| *bulág | ‘cataract of the eye, hazy or blurred vision’ |
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| *bulalákaw | ‘shooting star, meteor, spirit of the shooting star’ |
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| *bulalákaw | ‘spoiled coconut’ |
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| *bulbúl | ‘body hair, feathers’ |
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| *bul(e)díŋ | ‘blind in one eye’ |
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| *bulig-an | ‘carry on a pole between two persons, help someone carry a load’ |
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| *bulilít | ‘dwarfish, small (of people)’ |
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| *bulínaw | ‘anchovy’; ‘Stolephorus spp.’ |
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| *bulud | ‘borrow, lend’ |
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| *bulud-an | ‘borrow’ |
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| *bulud-an | ‘mountainous area’ |
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| *bulug | ‘uncastrated male animal, stud, male breeding animal’ |
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| *bunal | ‘beat up, bruise someone’ |
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| *buŋáŋaq | ‘open the mouth wide’ |
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| *buŋaw | ‘scrotum, testicles’ |
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| *buŋbuŋ | ‘deep resounding sound’ |
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| *buŋ(e)tút | ‘stench, bad odor’ |
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| *buŋiq | ‘harelip, missing or crooked teeth’ |
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| *buŋun | ‘wrapping material, wrap’ |
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| *buŋuq | ‘skull’ |
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| *buŋuran | ‘k.o. banana’ |
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| *buniag | ‘baptism’ |
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| *bunuj | ‘k.o. mushroom’ |
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| *bunuŋ | ‘distribute, pass out shares (as of food)’ |
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| *búnuR | ‘generic for small fish such as gobies’ |
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| *búnut | ‘pulling out, uprooting’ |
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| *bunut-an | ‘remove coconut husk, scrub with coconut husk’ |
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| *bunut-en | ‘fibrous’ |
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| *bunút-en | ‘pull out, uproot’ |
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| *bunut-i | ‘husk it!’ |
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| *bunwít | ‘fishhook’ |
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| *buqak | ‘split open’ |
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| *buqbuq-an | ‘place into which something is poured’ |
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| *buqel | ‘protruding part of the lower leg’ |
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| *buq(e)tis | ‘pregnant’ |
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| *búquŋ | ‘broken, shattered’ |
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| *buRaw-en | ‘drive off, chase away, expel’ |
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| *buR(e)túŋ | ‘only child, alone, by onself, go it alone’ |
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| *buR(e)tuq | ‘snap under tension (rope, string)’ |
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| *burúj | ‘lazy, listless, unwilling to work’ |
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| *burul | ‘laid out after death, prepared for interment’ |
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| *bus(e)qák | ‘split apart (of wood)’ |
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| *busiq | ‘split, rip open’ |
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| *busiqsiq | ‘split open’ |
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| *busuáŋ | ‘strong free flow of water’ |
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| *butakál | ‘male pig, boar’ |
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| *butandiŋ | ‘whale?’ |
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| *butbut | ‘make holes in sacks of rice, etc. (as chickens or rats do)’ |
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| *butbut-en | ‘pulled out, plucked, what is pulled or plucked out’ |
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| *buteliR | ‘having warts’ |
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| *buteliR-an | ‘get smallpox, get swine disease’ |
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| *butí | ‘smallpox, swine disease’ |
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| *butik | ‘spotted, dappled, speckled’ |
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| *butikíq | ‘gecko, house lizard’ |
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| *bútil | ‘satiated, full (of the stomach)’ |
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| *butíq | ‘roasted rice, popped rice’ |
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| *butítiq | ‘have an inflated abdomen’ |
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| *butúy | ‘swollen (of the flesh)’ |
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| *buybuy | ‘silk cotton tree’; ‘Ceiba pentandra Linn.’ |
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| *buybúy | ‘divulge secrets, recant’ |
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| *buyequŋ-an | ‘paunchy, big-bellied’ |
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| *buyug | ‘bumblebee’ |
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| *buyúk | ‘rotten, stinking’ |
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| *d<um>apuR | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
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| *d<um>ayuq | ‘distance oneself, move far off’ |
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| *d<um>uhá | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
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| *dabuk | ‘dust’ |
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| *dabuŋ | ‘bamboo shoot’ |
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| *dada | ‘term of reference for older female relative’ |
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| *dagaw | ‘play, frolic’ |
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| *dagdag | ‘drop, fall down’ |
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| *dag(e)qún | ‘year’ |
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| *dág(e)saq | ‘wash ashore (as driftwood)’ |
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| *dagus | ‘lodge, stay in someone else’s house’ |
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| *dágus | ‘continue on with doing something, do immediately, do without hesitation’ |
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| *dakél | ‘big, large (in size or quantity)’ |
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| *dákit | ‘ford a river, cross to the other side (of a river, street, etc.)’ |
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| *dalág | ‘mudfish, murrel’ |
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| *dalágan | ‘rushing of water, rapids, cascade’ |
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| *dálaw | ‘pay a visit, drop by to see someone’ |
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| *daldál | ‘talkative, loquacious’ |
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| *dalig | ‘buttress root’ |
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| *dalíq | ‘quick, do quickly, do in a short time’ |
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| *dalísay | ‘pure, high quality’ |
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| *dalit | ‘venom, poison’ |
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| *dalukap | ‘palm of the hand, sole of the foot’ |
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| *dalúpaŋ | ‘k.o. shrub’ |
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| *dalupániq | ‘k.o. freshwater fish’ |
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| *dalús | ‘clearing in forest’ |
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| *damaR | ‘stay up all night, continue until daybreak’ |
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| *damít | ‘cloth, clothing’ |
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| *danáq | ‘beaten track, footprints making a trail’ |
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| *danáq | ‘that, those’ |
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| *daŋaw | ‘handspan’ |
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| *danug | ‘punch, hit with the fist’ |
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| *dapak | ‘marine fish, probably snapper sp.’ |
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| *dapat | ‘lie flat, flat area’ |
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| *dapat | ‘should, ought to’ |
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| *dápat | ‘place in contact with one another, come in contact, space closely’ |
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| *dápat | ‘treat with medicine’ |
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| *dapdáp | ‘cut chips or bits from something, scrape off’ |
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| *dap(e)lis | ‘graze, brush against, strike at an angle’ |
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| *dapílus | ‘skidding, stumbling, losing balance’ |
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| *dapu | ‘attracted to, swarm around (as ants do on finding food)’ |
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| *dapuq | ‘perch (of birds)’ |
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| *daput | ‘however, provided that’ |
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| *daq(e)taR | ‘floor’ |
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| *daqit-en | ‘sew’ |
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| *darás | ‘quick, fast (of speech or actions), often, frequently’ |
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| *daRit | ‘bird of prey, swoop down and seize prey (of raptorial birds)’ |
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| *darusdús | ‘slide down’ |
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| *das(e)qaR | ‘food laid out for a feast’ |
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| *daup | ‘bring the hands together’ |
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| *daup | ‘cover, covering’ |
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| *dawa | ‘excuse, alibi’ |
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| *dáwat | ‘receive, ask for’ |
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| *dawat-en | ‘receive, accept’ |
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| *dawdaw | ‘k.o. marine snail’ |
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| *dayaŋdáŋ | ‘k.o. tree with poisonous sap’ |
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| *dayap | ‘k.o. small tree with leaves used as medicine’; ‘Citrus aurantifolia’ |
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| *dáyaw | ‘praise someone’ |
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| *dayket | ‘sticky, glutinous, adhesive’ |
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| *dáyu | ‘stranger, foreigner, guest’ |
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| *deket | ‘blackened (as the teeth with betel stains)’ |
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| *deldel | ‘force something to move’ |
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| *denden | ‘move aside, make room for (as by moving a little)’ |
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| *denet | ‘touch, come in contact with’ |
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| *deŋdeŋ | ‘cook vegetables’ |
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| *deŋeR-en | ‘listen to’ |
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| *depel | ‘touch’ |
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| *deR(e)qas | ‘second pounding of rice’ |
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| *desdes | ‘rub, rub together’ |
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| *desdés | ‘push down, trample down (as vegetation)’ |
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| *di-baliw | ‘on the opposite side’ |
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| *dik(e)lém | ‘dark, obscure, cloudy’ |
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| *dikén | ‘pad placed under cooking pots, loads to carry on the head, etc.’ |
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| *dilam | ‘stick out the tongue’ |
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| *dilas | ‘internal organ, pancreas (?)’ |
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| *diláw | ‘turmeric, yellow’ |
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| *dilis | ‘long-jawed anchovy’ |
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| *diq | ‘particle of negation’ |
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| *disúl | ‘k.o. herb with medicinal value’ |
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| *dítaq | ‘snake venom, plant poison used on tips of arrows’ |
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| *dúdun | ‘grasshopper, locust’ |
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| *duduy | ‘term of endearment for a little boy’ |
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| *dug | ‘lair of a wild pig for giving birth’ |
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| *dúhul | ‘hand something to someone’ |
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| *dukduk | ‘pound repeatedly, crush’ |
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| *dúkut | ‘draw out, pickpocket someone’ |
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| *dulaŋ | ‘tray or low table’ |
||
| *dulaw | ‘yellow, yellowish-brown (as dry leaves)’ |
||
| *duldúl | ‘forc, achieve by force’ |
||
| *duldúl | ‘thunder’ |
||
| *dulem | ‘darkening, obscuring of light’ |
||
| *dulí-dulí | ‘cicada’ |
||
| *dúlis | ‘shooting star, meteor’ |
||
| *dulit | ‘smudge, dirty spot’ |
||
| *dúlit | ‘shooting star, meteor’ |
||
| *duluk | ‘clean up a swidden after burning’ |
||
| *dúlut | ‘serve food, dish up food’ |
||
| *duŋus | ‘snout, nose’ |
||
| *dunuŋ | ‘knowledge, skill, intelligence’ |
||
| *dúyan | ‘swinging cradle for an infant’ |
||
| *duyuR | ‘coconut shell receptacle for food or water’ |
||
| *ekal | ‘remove, take off or out’ |
||
| *enat | ‘pull something toward oneself’ |
||
| *enat-en | ‘pull something toward oneself’ |
||
| *enem-an | ‘group of six’ |
||
| *enep | ‘keep to oneself’ |
||
| *eŋes | ‘sniffle, snore’ |
||
| *eŋit | ‘laugh, laughter’ |
||
| *eŋus | ‘sniffle, pant’ |
||
| *epis | ‘fibrous material at base of coconut frond’ |
||
| *eták | ‘bush knife, machete’ |
||
| *g<in>iliŋ | ‘what is ground up, what is produced by twisting around or grinding’ |
||
| *gabi | ‘taro’; ‘Colocasia esculenta’ |
||
| *gábut | ‘pull out or up’ |
||
| *gala | ‘almasiga tree’; ‘Agathis celebica (Koord.)’ |
||
| *galamáy | ‘finger, toe, tentacles of octopus’ |
||
| *gálaŋ | ‘respect, reverence’ |
||
| *galaŋ-en | ‘show respect for someone’ |
||
| *gámit | ‘use’ |
||
| *gamut | ‘poison’ |
||
| *gamut-en | ‘poison’ |
||
| *gaŋa | ‘open the mouth’ |
||
| *gánut | ‘pull up, pull out (as grass or a tooth)’ |
||
| *ganút-en | ‘pull up, pull out (as grass or a tooth)’ |
||
| *gápas | ‘sickle, harvest rice with a sickle’ |
||
| *gáqud | ‘oar, row a boat’ |
||
| *garáw | ‘restlessness, wild or unruly movement’ |
||
| *garaw-en | ‘move or touch in an agitated or compulsive fashion’ |
||
| *gásaŋ | ‘coral’ |
||
| *gatuŋ | ‘firewood’ |
||
| *gawed | ‘betel pepper’ |
||
| *gayák | ‘plan, prepare to do something’ |
||
| *gáyat | ‘slice into thin strips (as meat or vegetables)’ |
||
| *gayuŋ-gayuŋ | ‘k.o. seaweed’ |
||
| *gebáq | ‘destroy, demolish’ |
||
| *gelgél | ‘cut with sawing motion’ |
||
| *getget | ‘line, groove, mark made by cutting’ |
||
| *giaw | ‘shouting, shout’ |
||
| *gidgíd | ‘rub something off’ |
||
| *gílij | ‘side, edge’ |
||
| *gimpis | ‘crush between weights, press out’ |
||
| *giruk | ‘tickle, ticklish’ |
||
| *giwaŋ | ‘gap, open space, breach’ |
||
| *gubát | ‘attack, go to war’ |
||
| *gúguq | ‘tree with bark that can be used as a shampoo’; ‘Ganphyllum falcatum Bl.’ |
||
| *guláman | ‘gelatin, agar-agar’ |
||
| *gulamay | ‘finger, toe, tentacles of octopus’ |
||
| *gulay-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *gulay-en | ‘cook vegetables’ |
||
| *gúlis | ‘line, scratch, furrow’ |
||
| *gunay | ‘movement, move’ |
||
| *guyud | ‘k.o. banana’ |
||
| *guyud | ‘rice variety’ |
||
| *gúyud-an | ‘sled or board used for dragging materials (?)’ |
||
| *gúyud-en | ‘pulled or dragged along’ |
||
| *h<um>aq(e)muq | ‘become tame or gentle’ |
||
| *h<um>ebás | ‘subside, dry up’ |
||
| *hábas | ‘tumor in the mouth of an animal’ |
||
| *habél | ‘weave cloth’ |
||
| *habel-án | ‘loom for weaving cloth’ |
||
| *habhab | ‘gulp, devour, eat like a pig’ |
||
| *hábuŋ | ‘temporary hut, shelter’ |
||
| *hadawiq | ‘far, distant’ |
||
| *hag(e)kes | ‘wrap around, hug’ |
||
| *hajek-an | ‘kiss’ |
||
| *halhál | ‘pant (as a dog with open mouth)’ |
||
| *hambúg | ‘proud, boastful’ |
||
| *hampak | ‘slap, smack’ |
||
| *háŋad | ‘lift the head, raise the head’ |
||
| *haŋes | ‘breathe heavily or with difficulty’ |
||
| *haŋet | ‘gnaw, chew on’ |
||
| *haŋút | ‘chew on, gnaw on’ |
||
| *haŋut-en | ‘smell’ |
||
| *hápaR | ‘chase, pursue’ |
||
| *hapáR-en | ‘chased, pursued’ |
||
| *hap(e)lít | ‘whip’ |
||
| *hap(e)rus | ‘rub, massage’ |
||
| *hapin-an | ‘line (as a shelf or box), provide a lining for’ |
||
| *hapin-en | ‘lined by’ |
||
| *hapRus | ‘rub, massage’ |
||
| *hápun | ‘roost (of chickens), time of roosting’ |
||
| *hapun-an | ‘perch, roosting place for chickens’ |
||
| *haq(e)muq | ‘tame, docile, mild-mannered’ |
||
| *haq(e)was | ‘climb down, dismount, unload’ |
||
| *hárab | ‘for fish to prey on other fish’ |
||
| *hárab | ‘pasturage, grazing’ |
||
| *hátaR | ‘divide into shares, give out portions’ |
||
| *hátuŋ | ‘fuel for fire, anything used to start a fire’ |
||
| *hawaw | ‘thirst’ |
||
| *hayep | ‘animal’ |
||
| *háyup | ‘animal’ |
||
| *hebás | ‘evaporate, dry up’ |
||
| *hedam-en | ‘borrowed’ |
||
| *helek | ‘sleep’ |
||
| *henaq | ‘think, consider, thought, idea’ |
||
| *hendek | ‘moan, groan’ |
||
| *heŋit | ‘laughter, laugh’ |
||
| *hesek | ‘plant seeds by dibbling’ |
||
| *hesek-án | ‘field made by dibbling’ |
||
| *hi-bilín | ‘order, request’ |
||
| *hi-bulbul | ‘remove hair or feathers’ |
||
| *hideRáq | ‘lie down’ |
||
| *hig(e)pít | ‘pinch or squeeze between two surfaces’ |
||
| *hig(e)pít-en | ‘pinched or squeezed by’ |
||
| *higút | ‘tie up, tighten a rope’ |
||
| *higut-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *hikñat | ‘stretch’ |
||
| *hilab | ‘abdominal pain’ |
||
| *hilap | ‘slice, cut (as meat)’ |
||
| *hilap-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *hilap-en | ‘cut, slice (as meat)’ |
||
| *hiláw | ‘raw, unripe’ |
||
| *hilek | ‘k.o. sea fish, rudderfish’; ‘Kyphosus cinerascens’ |
||
| *hilít | ‘outskirts, edge of settlement’ |
||
| *hílut | ‘massaging, setting of bones’ |
||
| *hílut-en | ‘massage, set bones’ |
||
| *himatún | ‘notice, observe’ |
||
| *hínam | ‘crave, desire, intensely’ |
||
| *hin-anak-an | ‘brood, flock, lots of children’ |
||
| *híŋak | ‘sound of rushing water or air’ |
||
| *hinuR | ‘ripe, ripen (of fruit), reach a ‘ripe’ stage (of a head cold, a boil, etc.)’ |
||
| *hipes | ‘fall silent, keep quiet about something, keep a secret’ |
||
| *hípun | ‘small shrimp’ |
||
| *hipuq | ‘feel, touch’ |
||
| *hírap | ‘slice off, cut a slice off’ |
||
| *hiRét | ‘tighten, constriction’ |
||
| *hiRet-an | ‘tighten’ |
||
| *hírig | ‘lean, incline’ |
||
| *hírud | ‘scrape or rub off’ |
||
| *hitaq | ‘groin, crotch’ |
||
| *hiwáq | ‘cut, carved, sliced (meat or fish)’ |
||
| *hiwáq-an | ‘cut, carve, slice (meat or fish)’ |
||
| *hiwáq-en | ‘cut, carve, slice (meat or fish)’ |
||
| *hubád | ‘untie, unravel’ |
||
| *hubád-en | ‘untied, unravelled’ |
||
| *hubuq | ‘move something to another place’ |
||
| *hubuq-en | ‘move something to another place’ |
||
| *hukad | ‘untie, unpack, undo’ |
||
| *hulas | ‘sweat, perspiration’ |
||
| *hulhul | ‘come loose (as a belt)’ |
||
| *hulit | ‘lecture, sermon, harangue’ |
||
| *huñat | ‘stretch, straighten out’ |
||
| *húŋut | ‘coconut shell bowl or water scoop’ |
||
| *húnus | ‘tithe, share given for help in harvesting the crops’ |
||
| *húRut | ‘pull on or out with the fingers’ |
||
| *huyáp | ‘count, enumerate’ |
||
| *i-anak | ‘give birth’ |
||
| *iba | ‘another, other, different, distinct’ |
||
| *iba | ‘bad, evil’ |
||
| *i-bejbej | ‘that with which one binds something’ |
||
| *i-bukbuk | ‘pour out contents (of solids?)’ |
||
| *ibun | ‘k.o. bird’ |
||
| *ibus | ‘dessert made of rice’ |
||
| *idal | ‘fuss, complain, rebel, cause a disturbance’ |
||
| *i-da(ŋ)dáŋ | ‘expose to the heat of a fire or the sun’ |
||
| *idau | ‘k.o. snake’ |
||
| *i-deket | ‘stick, adhere’ |
||
| *i-depa | ‘extend the arms sideways’ |
||
| *i-gálaŋ | ‘show respect to’ |
||
| *ígat | ‘freshwater eel’ |
||
| *ihap | ‘counted, calculated’ |
||
| *i-huluR | ‘lower, drop’ |
||
| *ika | ‘fourth’ |
||
| *ikamen | ‘woven sleeping mat’ |
||
| *ika-pija | ‘which number is it?’ |
||
| *ika-siám | ‘ninth’ |
||
| *i-kayat | ‘climb vertically (as ladder, tree)’ |
||
| *ikut | ‘selfish, stingy, niggardly’ |
||
| *íkut | ‘revolve, twirl round’ |
||
| *i-lahúk | ‘mix two or more things’ |
||
| *i-lákaj | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *ilep | ‘sip (as hot soup)’ |
||
| *íliw | ‘homesick, long for something that is missed’ |
||
| *impas | ‘consumed, paid up’ |
||
| *ímut | ‘stingy, selfish’ |
||
| *in-apu | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *inaR | ‘rays of the sun’ |
||
| *iñát-en | ‘stretched by’ |
||
| *i-ŋatu | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *íŋel | ‘angry, growl at’ |
||
| *iŋgit | ‘envy, envious’ |
||
| *iŋguk | ‘deep throaty sound’ |
||
| *iŋqiiŋ | ‘shrill sound’ |
||
| *in-inum | ‘drank (past)’ |
||
| *ipa- | ‘verb prefix: third-party causative-command’ |
||
| *ipa-bulud | ‘lend’ |
||
| *i-pada | ‘compare’ |
||
| *i-paen | ‘use as bait’ |
||
| *i-pagpág | ‘brush or shake off dust or dirt’ |
||
| *ipa-hedám | ‘lend something (?)’ |
||
| *i-pa-kita | ‘show, display’ |
||
| *ipa-qútaŋ | ‘lend, give a loan’ |
||
| *ipi-duhá | ‘second time (?)’ |
||
| *ipil | ‘k.o. leguminous shrub’; ‘Leucaena glauca’ |
||
| *i-piliq | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *ípun | ‘rice variety’ |
||
| *ipus | ‘tail’ |
||
| *i-qábut | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *i-qañud | ‘adrift’ |
||
| *iqit | ‘scraped or filed down’ |
||
| *i-rámas | ‘mix, stir together’ |
||
| *irap | ‘slice meat or fish’ |
||
| *iráp-en | ‘slice meat or fish’ |
||
| *iriŋ | ‘similar, imitate’ |
||
| *íris | ‘watery diarrhea’ |
||
| *i-saksák | ‘insert, plug something in’ |
||
| *i-salét | ‘insert between, intersperse’ |
||
| *i-saqebít | ‘hang on a hook, suspend from something’ |
||
| *i-seksek | ‘cram, stuff in’ |
||
| *i-síŋit | ‘insert something’ |
||
| *ísip | ‘thinking, thoughts, opinion’ |
||
| *isip-en | ‘think (goal focus)’ |
||
| *i-súbuq | ‘put food into the mouth’ |
||
| *isul | ‘retreat, move backwards’ |
||
| *i-sumpaq | ‘curse someone’ |
||
| *i-tágay | ‘offer a drink, drink’ |
||
| *i-takéd | ‘bind, fasten tightly by tying’ |
||
| *i-takéd | ‘bind, tie up (as a person)’ |
||
| *i-tanem | ‘bury, plant’ |
||
| *i-taq(e)paw | ‘put something on top of something else’ |
||
| *i-tayáɁ | ‘place a bet’ |
||
| *itíp | ‘hard crust of rice that adheres to the bottom of the cooking pot’ |
||
| *i-tulúd | ‘push’ |
||
| *ituq | ‘puppy’ |
||
| *i-uliq | ‘take something home’ |
||
| *iut | ‘movement in coitus, sexual intercourse’ |
||
| *iwad | ‘move sideways’ |
||
| *iwas | ‘avoid, evade (as people one does not wish to be with)’ |
||
| *íwik | ‘squeal’ |
||
| *íwit | ‘rear part’ |
||
| *k<ar>ayká | ‘rake’ |
||
| *k<om>ayat | ‘climb vertically (as ladder, tree)’ |
||
| *k<um>ampi | ‘join, unite with in taking sides’ |
||
| *k<um>ezut | ‘pinch’ |
||
| *k<um>ubkub | ‘surround, hedge in, besiege’ |
||
| *ka- | ‘mate, partner, cohort’ |
||
| *ka- | ‘stative prefix marking high degree of some quality, extremely, superlative marker’ |
||
| *ka-apu-an | ‘descendants’ |
||
| *ka-asu | ‘canine companion’ |
||
| *kabá | ‘anxious, nervous’ |
||
| *kábag | ‘gas pains’ |
||
| *ka-bakaw-an | ‘mangrove swamp’ |
||
| *kabáŋ | ‘spotted, dappled’ |
||
| *kabatíti | ‘vine with gourd or cucumber-like fruit’; ‘Luffa sp. (probably)’ |
||
| *kabég | ‘large fruit bat’ |
||
| *kab(e)liŋ | ‘k.o. aromatic herb’; ‘Pogostemon cablin’ |
||
| *kab(e)lit | ‘touch lightly’ |
||
| *kab(e)lít | ‘touch someone lightly (as to get attention)’ |
||
| *kábig | ‘turn around (as a boat)’ |
||
| *kabíg-en | ‘turn around (as a boat)’ |
||
| *ka-bihaR-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *kabit | ‘vine’; ‘Caesalpinia bonduc’ |
||
| *kabít | ‘lead, support (as a feeble person)’ |
||
| *kabkáb | ‘dig a hole, hollow something out’ |
||
| *ka-bukij-an | ‘area of forested mountains’ |
||
| *ka-bulan-an | ‘month of expected childbirth (?)’ |
||
| *ka-bulud-an | ‘mountainous area’ |
||
| *kabuR | ‘agitated (of water, as when fish swarm)’ |
||
| *kabuRaw | ‘k.o. wild lemon tree’; ‘Citrus hystrix (possibly)’ |
||
| *ka-dakel-án | ‘majority, largest part’ |
||
| *kadaŋ-kádaŋ | ‘stilts’ |
||
| *ka-daRát-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *kadkad | ‘dig a hole’ |
||
| *ka-du-duhá | ‘soul, spirit of a living person’ |
||
| *kagkag | ‘dry something in the sun’ |
||
| *kagúd | ‘scrape, grate’ |
||
| *ka-hemay-an | ‘rice field’ |
||
| *ka-hili-an | ‘fellow villager’ |
||
| *ka-ísip | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *ka-ísip-an | ‘thought, opinions’ |
||
| *kaka | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *kalába | ‘honeycomb’ |
||
| *ka-lahúk | ‘ingredient in a mixture’ |
||
| *kalamansíq | ‘citrus tree with fruit like a lemon’ |
||
| *ka-laŋlaŋ | ‘eating partner, eat together’ |
||
| *kalantas | ‘Philippine cedar tree’; ‘Cedrela sp.’ |
||
| *kalatkat | ‘climb up (as a vine)’ |
||
| *kal(e)bit | ‘touch lightly, nudge, pull trigger’ |
||
| *kal(e)bit-en | ‘touch lightly, nudge, pull trigger’ |
||
| *kal(e)dít | ‘make an incision to draw blood’ |
||
| *kalít | ‘cheat, deceive’ |
||
| *kaluban | ‘sheath for bolo or knife’ |
||
| *kalug | ‘shake something (as an egg or coconut)’ |
||
| *kamaguŋ | ‘large forest tree with edible brown, hairy fruits’; ‘Diospyros discolor’ |
||
| *kamandag | ‘venom of a poisonous snake or insect’ |
||
| *kamaŋa | ‘k.o. useful stone’ |
||
| *kamansi | ‘seeded breadfruit tree’; ‘Artocarpus camansi’ |
||
| *kamansiq | ‘seeded breadfruit tree’; ‘Artocarpus camansi’ |
||
| *kamantigi | ‘k.o. plant’; ‘Impatiens balsamina’ |
||
| *kam(e)qáw | ‘k.o. urn for storing food’ |
||
| *kamiá | ‘ginger plant with fragrant white flower’ |
||
| *kamkam-en | ‘appropriate to oneself illegally’ |
||
| *kampi | ‘defend’ |
||
| *kanadem | ‘k.o. tree’; ‘Diospyros sp.’ |
||
| *kanap | ‘dark, obscure’ |
||
| *ka-ŋuhed-an | ‘young’ |
||
| *kaniá | ‘own, one’s own, self’ |
||
| *kanúmay | ‘k.o. ebony or persimmon tree with fruits that are pounded and used to stupefy fish’; ‘Diospyros spp’ |
||
| *ka-paŋpaŋ-an | ‘riverbank’ |
||
| *kapaq-kapaq | ‘grope, fumble about’ |
||
| *ka-pasuq-an | ‘affected by heat (?)’ |
||
| *kápaw | ‘come to the surface’ |
||
| *kapét | ‘hold onto, cling to’ |
||
| *kapét-en | ‘cling to’ |
||
| *kapus | ‘run out of supplies, lack something needed’ |
||
| *kapút | ‘touch or hold’ |
||
| *kápuy | ‘weakness, debility, feeble, unable to perform’ |
||
| *ka-qalejaw-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *kaqiŋ | ‘k.o. large openwork basket’ |
||
| *kara | ‘tortoise shell (?)’ |
||
| *kaRadkad | ‘sound of grinding or grating’ |
||
| *kaRaskas | ‘rustling sound’ |
||
| *kaRat-en | ‘bitten’ |
||
| *karáy | ‘plastron, turtle shell’ |
||
| *kaRiskis | ‘scrape, scratch’ |
||
| *kaRitkit | ‘sound of grating, sound of rain pounding, etc.’ |
||
| *kaRuskus | ‘dull rustling sound’ |
||
| *ka-sabáy | ‘companion in some activity’ |
||
| *kasay | ‘weakness (as from hunger)’ |
||
| *ka-siam-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *kasíli | ‘k.o. water bird, Oriental darter’; ‘Anhinga melanogaster’ |
||
| *kaskás | ‘swift, fast, speedy’ |
||
| *kaskás-án | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *kata | ‘sound of rapid talking’ |
||
| *ka-talun-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *katana | ‘castor bean plant’; ‘Ricinus communis L.’ |
||
| *kataŋ | ‘k.o. crab’ |
||
| *kataŋ-kataŋ | ‘bob on the surface of the water, float’ |
||
| *káti | ‘domestic fowl used as a decoy or lure to capture wild fowl’ |
||
| *kátiq | ‘domestic fowl used as a decoy or lure to capture wild fowl’ |
||
| *ka-tuaŋ | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *katúday | ‘plant: Sesbania grandiflora’ |
||
| *katúk | ‘knock on the head, crazy, insane’ |
||
| *kawitan | ‘rooster, cock’ |
||
| *kawkaw | ‘dig a hole (as by scratching)’ |
||
| *káyas | ‘whittle, shave wood with knife’ |
||
| *kayasakas | ‘sound of swishing’ |
||
| *kayat | ‘climb vertically (as ladder, tree)’ |
||
| *kaykáy | ‘scratch up, sweep or rake up’ |
||
| *ka-yú | ‘2pl. personal pronoun, you all’ |
||
| *kebá | ‘for the chest to tighten in excitement or fear, for the heart to pound’ |
||
| *kebet | ‘subside (of a swelling)’ |
||
| *kebil | ‘touch’ |
||
| *kedked | ‘bind, tie tightly (probably of tying one thing which is moveable to another which is fixed)’ |
||
| *kelaqat | ‘sudden, abrupt, unexpected’ |
||
| *keleb | ‘shut, close’ |
||
| *keléb | ‘lie face down, lie prone’ |
||
| *keles | ‘subside, shrink, reduce in size’ |
||
| *kelkel | ‘cuddle, cradle (as a baby)’ |
||
| *kelkel | ‘have a fit of coughing’ |
||
| *keluŋ | ‘^shield’ |
||
| *kemet | ‘do with the hand’ |
||
| *ke(n)dem | ‘dark, darkness’ |
||
| *kepal | ‘thick (of objects)’ |
||
| *kepkép | ‘for the hair to lie down flat’ |
||
| *kepkep-an | ‘hug, embrace’ |
||
| *keraq | ‘cry of a monkey’ |
||
| *keRaw | ‘dry up’ |
||
| *ketél | ‘pinch off’ |
||
| *ketel-én | ‘pinched off’ |
||
| *kibkíb | ‘nibble or gnaw at’ |
||
| *kibul | ‘short-tailed, cropped (of the tail)’ |
||
| *kidas | ‘moving about rapidly or restlessly’ |
||
| *kiki | ‘tickle’ |
||
| *kilaw | ‘eat raw meat’ |
||
| *kilaw-en | ‘eat raw fish or meat’ |
||
| *kili-kíli | ‘armpit’ |
||
| *kililíŋ | ‘ringing of a bell’ |
||
| *kilíŋ | ‘k.o. bamboo’ |
||
| *kilíŋ | ‘ringing of a bell’ |
||
| *kilít | ‘carry at the side or on the hip, pressed under the arm’ |
||
| *kimat | ‘flash, sparkle, twinkle’ |
||
| *kimay | ‘deformation of the body’ |
||
| *kimit | ‘blink, wink, close the eye briefly’ |
||
| *kimkím | ‘pick at one’s food, show little interest in eating’ |
||
| *kisaw | ‘sound of swishing (as of hand passing through water)’ |
||
| *kisay | ‘tear a leaf or cloth into strips’ |
||
| *kis(e)láp | ‘sparkle, glitter’ |
||
| *kiskis-an | ‘cut the hair short’ |
||
| *kitáŋ | ‘long fishing line with many hooks, fish with such a line’ |
||
| *kiwal | ‘sinuous, winding’ |
||
| *kiwih | ‘twisted or crooked mouth’ |
||
| *kiwkiw | ‘stir, mix in’ |
||
| *kiwkiw-en | ‘stir, mix in’ |
||
| *kubalan | ‘k.o. marine fish’ |
||
| *kub(e)las | ‘slip down, subside’ |
||
| *kub(e)li | ‘take cover, hide behind’ |
||
| *kubet-kubet | ‘wrinkled (of the skin, as from age)’ |
||
| *kubkub | ‘dig’ |
||
| *kubkub | ‘surround, lay siege to’ |
||
| *kubkub-en | ‘surrounded, hedged in, besieged’ |
||
| *kubuŋ | ‘protective covering or enclosure, mosquito net’ |
||
| *kubuq | ‘hunchbacked, stoop-shouldered’ |
||
| *kubut | ‘keep a mistress (?)’ |
||
| *kubut | ‘wrinkled’ |
||
| *kudkud-én | ‘scratch, scrape off’ |
||
| *kudúg | ‘stamping of feet’ |
||
| *kulaŋut | ‘dried nasal mucus’ |
||
| *kulap | ‘dim, not well-lit’ |
||
| *kulasísi | ‘small parrot or parakeet kept as a pet’ |
||
| *kulili | ‘fire saw, tie a tool around the hand or some other fixture’ |
||
| *kuliliŋ | ‘ring (of a small bell)’ |
||
| *kulintas | ‘necklace’ |
||
| *kúlit | ‘peel sugarcane with the teeth’ |
||
| *kulitis | ‘native spinach, Amaranth’ |
||
| *kulut-én | ‘curl, make curly’ |
||
| *kumpáy | ‘k.o. grass’ |
||
| *kúñat | ‘tough, rubbery, elastic’ |
||
| *kunuq | ‘it is said, people say.....’ |
||
| *kúpaŋ | ‘k.o. tall tree’; ‘Parkia spp.’ |
||
| *kúpas | ‘fade’ |
||
| *kúpit | ‘pilfering, filching, stealing small amounts’ |
||
| *kupkup | ‘close-cropped (of hair), bald’ |
||
| *kupkup | ‘wrap, encircle (as with the arms or wings)’ |
||
| *kuretret | ‘wrinkle, wrinkled (as the skin)’ |
||
| *kurit | ‘line, mark’ |
||
| *kuskus-an | ‘scrape or scrub out, remove by scraping’ |
||
| *kuták | ‘cackle (of a hen)’ |
||
| *kutay | ‘k.o. citrus fruit, Philippine orange’ |
||
| *kútib | ‘move the lips rapidly (as in gnawing or nibbling on something)’ |
||
| *kutím | ‘nibble at, peel with the teeth’ |
||
| *kuykúy | ‘chigger or similar insect’ |
||
| *kuykúy | ‘scrape something off a surface so as to uncover it’ |
||
| *kúyug | ‘lead in walking, accompany’ |
||
| *l<in>ága | ‘woven, was woven by someone’ |
||
| *l<in>ugaw | ‘rice porridge’ |
||
| *l<um>ábas | ‘pass by’ |
||
| *l<um>ahúk | ‘mix in, mix together’ |
||
| *l<um>aja | ‘plait, weave by hand (of baskets or mats)’ |
||
| *l<um>ákaj | ‘step, walk’ |
||
| *l<um>ápus | ‘go over and beyond’ |
||
| *l<um>uas | ‘leave on a trip, start a voyage’ |
||
| *l<um>uheq | ‘shed tears, weep’ |
||
| *l<um>uhúd | ‘kneel’ |
||
| *labag | ‘against, contrary to custom’ |
||
| *lábag | ‘bundle of thread or plant fibers’ |
||
| *labas | ‘pass by, overlook something when searching, pass by (of time)’ |
||
| *labas-an | ‘pass by, overlook’ |
||
| *labat | ‘fence’ |
||
| *labaw | ‘project above, stick up’ |
||
| *lab(e)náw | ‘thin (of liquids such as soup), dilute’ |
||
| *lab(e)nuR | ‘tree’; ‘Ficus sp.’ |
||
| *labid | ‘intertwine, braid (as strands to make rope)’ |
||
| *lábis | ‘exceed, excessive’ |
||
| *labit | ‘hook with fingers’ |
||
| *labuŋ | ‘abundant, growing profusely’ |
||
| *labus | ‘naked, undressed’ |
||
| *labut | ‘involvement, engagement, business’ |
||
| *labúyuq | ‘wild chicken, rooster’ |
||
| *ladlád | ‘spread out (as a net or clothes on the ground to dry)’ |
||
| *laglag | ‘fall (of leaves from a tree)’ |
||
| *lagu | ‘k.o. tree’; ‘Myristica spp.’ |
||
| *lagúq | ‘flourish (of plants)’ |
||
| *lahuk-án | ‘mix something with something else’ |
||
| *lahús | ‘pass through or by something, esp. after stopping’ |
||
| *lakáj-an | ‘step on, walk on something (?)’ |
||
| *lakaj-en | ‘walk a certain distance (?)’ |
||
| *lakatán | ‘k.o. banana’ |
||
| *lak(e)táw | ‘jump over or across’ |
||
| *lakub | ‘enclosure, enclose’ |
||
| *lakun | ‘coil up’ |
||
| *laláŋ | ‘create’ |
||
| *lámak | ‘set out a lavish meal’ |
||
| *lamán | ‘pork, flesh of a pig’ |
||
| *lámaŋ | ‘only, just, but’ |
||
| *lamay | ‘k.o. tree’; ‘Mallotus lackeyi Elm.’ |
||
| *lámay | ‘wake for the dead, night vigil’ |
||
| *lambanug | ‘fermented drink made from coconut juice, palm juice, etc.’ |
||
| *la(m)béj | ‘wrap or wind around something’ |
||
| *lambid | ‘cross over, wind around, embrace’ |
||
| *lambuŋ | ‘robe, long garment’ |
||
| *lamíg | ‘cold’ |
||
| *lampás | ‘go past, go beyond, excessive’ |
||
| *lamun | ‘eat voraciously, gulp down, swallow whole’ |
||
| *lamun-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *lamun-en | ‘eat voraciously, eat like an animal’ |
||
| *lamuq | ‘salt meat or fish for storing’ |
||
| *lanaŋ | ‘flow, of water’ |
||
| *lanaŋ-an | ‘place of flowing water’ |
||
| *lanay | ‘liquid, watery’ |
||
| *lanay | ‘weak, exhausted’ |
||
| *lanéb | ‘lard, fat, greasy scum on the surface of liquids’ |
||
| *lanés | ‘dried up, wilted (of plants)’ |
||
| *lanét | ‘dried up, wilted (of plants)’ |
||
| *laŋ | ‘only, just, merely’ |
||
| *laŋan | ‘absence, omission’ |
||
| *laŋeg | ‘rot, spoil, become rancid’ |
||
| *laŋlaŋ | ‘eat together as a group’ |
||
| *lantik | ‘graceful curve (of body)’ |
||
| *lánut | ‘abaca fiber, fiber-yielding plant, kind of tree with bark that yields a vine-like fiber’ |
||
| *lapat | ‘tight-fitting’ |
||
| *lap(e)des | ‘whip and leave welts’ |
||
| *lap(e)qut | ‘sticky, pasty’ |
||
| *lap(e)qút | ‘thick, sticky, pasty’ |
||
| *lapi | ‘fold over’ |
||
| *lapid | ‘braid, intertwine strands’ |
||
| *lapláp | ‘cut meat from the bone’ |
||
| *lapu | ‘overflow’ |
||
| *lapu | ‘scald food in hot water’ |
||
| *lapu | ‘start out, begin’ |
||
| *lapuŋ | ‘mildew, mildewed, moldy’ |
||
| *lápus | ‘go over and beyond’ |
||
| *laq(e)nab | ‘overflow, flood (of a river)’ |
||
| *laqús | ‘past one’s prime, outdated, obsolete’ |
||
| *lásaw | ‘thin (of liquids), watery’ |
||
| *latag | ‘spread out on ground’ |
||
| *laták | ‘crack, crevice’ |
||
| *latay | ‘lay down a walkway over muddy ground’ |
||
| *lawag | ‘hunt, search for something’ |
||
| *lawaqan | ‘k.o. hardwood tree’ |
||
| *láway | ‘saliva’ |
||
| *law(e)qay | ‘offensive to decency, immodest’ |
||
| *lawig | ‘long (of time), protracted’ |
||
| *lawit | ‘ritual for calling back the soul (?)’ |
||
| *layab | ‘flutter, flicker’ |
||
| *layas | ‘desert a place, flee’ |
||
| *layas | ‘overflow its banks (of a river), flood field (for planting)’ |
||
| *layláy | ‘wilt, wither, droop (as plants), dangling, hanging loosely’ |
||
| *láyug | ‘tall (of trees, especially coconut palms)’ |
||
| *layun | ‘continue, persist in something’ |
||
| *lebág | ‘swell (as a wound)’ |
||
| *lebék | ‘pound (rice, etc.) in a mortar’ |
||
| *lebeŋ | ‘pond, pool, lagoon’ |
||
| *ledem | ‘shaded, shadowy’ |
||
| *lekuq | ‘lie down, curl up (of animals)’ |
||
| *lenlen | ‘push aside’ |
||
| *lepad | ‘fly, flight’ |
||
| *lepaw | ‘surpass, exceed, overdo’ |
||
| *lesles | ‘lift up the clothes, roll up the pant legs (as when crossing shallow water)’ |
||
| *libák | ‘attack from concealment, criticize from a distance’ |
||
| *libat | ‘cross-eyed’ |
||
| *libeg | ‘murky, roiled (of water)’ |
||
| *lib(e)túŋ | ‘deep place in river, pool of water left when a stream dries up’ |
||
| *lig(e)pít | ‘fasten (as with a clip)’ |
||
| *lig(e)say | ‘slippery, slip’ |
||
| *lig(e)tas | ‘save, rescue’ |
||
| *likáw-en | ‘coil’ |
||
| *likáw-likáw | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *lik(e)taw | ‘jump over or across’ |
||
| *liklík | ‘go around the edge, take a detour’ |
||
| *likup | ‘scoop, scooping tool’ |
||
| *lílip | ‘hem’ |
||
| *lilit | ‘k.o. rattan’ |
||
| *liméd | ‘concealed, secret, deny, hide something’ |
||
| *limeŋ | ‘hidden behind something else’ |
||
| *limes | ‘drown’ |
||
| *lináb | ‘brilliant, sparkling’ |
||
| *linak | ‘calm, still, quiet’ |
||
| *linawa | ‘breath, breath soul’ |
||
| *liŋát | ‘look quickly here and there, look hastily in all directions’ |
||
| *liŋaw | ‘turn the head to look back’ |
||
| *liŋay | ‘turn the head to look back’ |
||
| *liŋ(e)sad | ‘low lying land’ |
||
| *liŋiq | ‘turn one’s head to the side to look back’ |
||
| *liŋkep | ‘close up, shut (as a door)’ |
||
| *línis | ‘clean’ |
||
| *linis-en | ‘clean’ |
||
| *lipat | ‘forget’ |
||
| *lipat-en | ‘forget, forgotten’ |
||
| *lipay | ‘k.o. vine that causes swelling and itching’ |
||
| *lípay | ‘joyful, happy’ |
||
| *lipéd | ‘hide, conceal something’ |
||
| *lipeŋ | ‘feel light-headed, faint, lose consciousness momentarily’ |
||
| *lipuk | ‘snap, break off’ |
||
| *liput | ‘treachery, betrayal’ |
||
| *liq(e)beR | ‘murkiness, turbidity (of water that has been stirred up)’ |
||
| *liqed | ‘footprints, tracks’ |
||
| *liqekep | ‘shut, close’ |
||
| *lised | ‘poor, needy’ |
||
| *lislís | ‘roll up sleeves or pant legs’ |
||
| *litas | ‘tear, rip (as cloth)’ |
||
| *lítid | ‘tendon, ligament, prominent veins’ |
||
| *lituk | ‘bend, curve’ |
||
| *lituk | ‘flick with the finger’ |
||
| *liwag | ‘put off, delay, postpone, break one’s promise’ |
||
| *líwan | ‘outside’ |
||
| *luá | ‘interjection used to halt a carabao in the fields’ |
||
| *luaŋ | ‘wide open space’ |
||
| *luas | ‘remove the clothes, undress’ |
||
| *luás | ‘take a trip, commence a voyage’ |
||
| *lubaŋ | ‘mortar or gin for crushing plant material’ |
||
| *lubaŋ | ‘plant root crops, plant cuttings’ |
||
| *lubay | ‘ear-ring’ |
||
| *lúbid | ‘string, rope, cordage made by twining fibers’ |
||
| *lubid-en | ‘twist fibers into twine’ |
||
| *lublúb | ‘tinder, start a fire’ |
||
| *lubús | ‘completely, the end’ |
||
| *lubut | ‘hole, make a hole in, perforate’ |
||
| *ludeg | ‘wrestle, seize and throw a person to the ground’ |
||
| *ludlud | ‘scrub hard to remove dirt’ |
||
| *ludlud | ‘worsen, deteriorate (as a condition)’ |
||
| *lúgaw | ‘rice porridge’ |
||
| ̈*lugaw-en | ‘make into gruel, rice porridge’ |
||
| *lug(e)múk | ‘fall in a heap (of a person whose legs collapse)’ |
||
| *luges | ‘force upon, oppress’ |
||
| *luh(e)naw | ‘green (as vegetation)’ |
||
| *luheq-an | ‘cry about something’ |
||
| *luhúd | ‘act of kneeling’ |
||
| *lukag | ‘wake up early, early in rising’ |
||
| *lukat | ‘uproot, expose by uncovering’ |
||
| *luk(e)bán | ‘citrus fruit, pomelo’ |
||
| *luk(e)saq | ‘in mourning’ |
||
| *luk(e)súh | ‘jump, leap across’ |
||
| *luk(e)tún | ‘young locust’ |
||
| *lukluk | ‘hide, stay in a tight or hidden place’ |
||
| *luktun | ‘young wingless locust’ |
||
| *lukúb | ‘encircle, surround’ |
||
| *lukut | ‘small stingless bee’ |
||
| *lúmaq | ‘old, worn out’ |
||
| *lumay | ‘love charm, aphrodisiac’ |
||
| *lumay-en | ‘give a love potion to someone’ |
||
| *lumun | ‘live with someone as a free guest’ |
||
| *lumúy | ‘soft, smooth’ |
||
| *lunag | ‘melt (as lard)’ |
||
| *lunday | ‘canoe, small boat’ |
||
| *lunek | ‘solid residue left after squeezing to remove coconut oil, etc.’ |
||
| *luŋáluŋ | ‘shelter, temporary hut’ |
||
| *luŋ(e)búy | ‘tree and its fruit, Java plum’; ‘Syzygium cumini’ |
||
| *lunlún | ‘sweep aside, clean by throwing aside’ |
||
| *lunlún-en | ‘sweep aside, clean by throwing aside’ |
||
| *lunsan | ‘coup-de-grace, fatal blow’ |
||
| *lunu | ‘unconscious’ |
||
| *lúnud | ‘sink’ |
||
| *lúnus | ‘become soft or overripe (as fruits that are kept too long)’ |
||
| *lunuy | ‘wade through waist-deep water’ |
||
| *lupasáy | ‘in a resting position’ |
||
| *lupaypáy | ‘droopy, languid’ |
||
| *lupes | ‘infertile rice grain, husk without grain inside’ |
||
| *lupiŋ | ‘nick or dent on the cutting edge of a blade’ |
||
| *lupíŋ | ‘droopy-eared (as dogs)’ |
||
| *lupis | ‘outer layer of abaca plant’ |
||
| *luq(e)kip | ‘insert between, slip in’ |
||
| *luq(e)nit | ‘healed (of a wound with shiny skin)’ |
||
| *luqúb | ‘inside area, estuary’ |
||
| *lusa | ‘overcooked until mushy (as rice or vegetables)’ |
||
| *lusak | ‘muddy (as ground)’ |
||
| *lusiq | ‘prepuce, foreskin, pull back the prepuce’ |
||
| *lusiq-en | ‘pull back the foreskin’ |
||
| *lusút | ‘slip through, pass through’ |
||
| *lútab | ‘foam, spume, froth’ |
||
| *lutáq | ‘mud, ground, earth’ |
||
| *lutek | ‘mud’ |
||
| *lutuy | ‘tired, weak, exhausted’ |
||
| *luya | ‘blame, accuse’ |
||
| *luylúy | ‘flabby’ |
||
| *ma-adayuq | ‘far, far away, far off, distant’ |
||
| *ma-anad | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *ma-anay | ‘termite-infested’ |
||
| *ma-ba-bahi | ‘court girls, womanize’ |
||
| *ma-baŋ(e)luh | ‘fragrant, sweet-smelling’ |
||
| *ma-baRat | ‘met (?)’ |
||
| *ma-bihaR | ‘live, alive, captive’ |
||
| *ma-bilaŋ | ‘reckon, calculate, count’ |
||
| *ma-bílin | ‘separated, left behind’ |
||
| *ma-buál | ‘uprooted (of a tree)’ |
||
| *ma-bukbuk | ‘infested with wood-boring insects’ |
||
| *ma-buku | ‘knotty, full of knots or nodes’ |
||
| *ma-bulbul | ‘hairy’ |
||
| *ma-buntís | ‘pregnant’ |
||
| *ma-buqeni | ‘have ringworm’ |
||
| *ma-dabuk | ‘crumbly, friable’ |
||
| *ma-dakél | ‘many’ |
||
| *ma-dapílus | ‘skidding, stumbling, losing balance’ |
||
| *ma-dawat | ‘get, obtain’ |
||
| *ma-deket | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *ma-diklém | ‘dark, obscure, cloudy’ |
||
| *ma-gálaŋ | ‘respectful, polite’ |
||
| *mag-námit | ‘taste something, savor something’ |
||
| *ma-haŋin | ‘windy’ |
||
| *ma-haq(e)muq | ‘tame, docile’ |
||
| *ma-hedám | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *ma-hinuR | ‘ripen’ |
||
| *ma-intek | ‘small’ |
||
| *ma-ísip | ‘wise, thoughtful’ |
||
| *maka-alap | ‘able to fetch, get, take, reach’ |
||
| *maka-buta | ‘become blind’ |
||
| *maka-deŋeR | ‘able to hear’ |
||
| *maka-esa | ‘once’ |
||
| *ma-kahiw | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *maka-kaen | ‘edible, able to be eaten, able to eat’ |
||
| *ma-kápuy | ‘weak, feeble, unable to perform’ |
||
| *maka-Rusuk | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *maka-tawa | ‘laugh’ |
||
| *maka-tuduR | ‘able to sleep’ |
||
| *maka-uliq | ‘able to return’ |
||
| ̈*maki- | ‘social prefix, indicating action together with another’ |
||
| *maki-deŋeR | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *maki-kaen | ‘eat together, join others in eating’ |
||
| *makúpa | ‘mountain apple’; ‘Eugenia spp.’ |
||
| *ma-laguq | ‘luxuriant, flourishing (of plants)’ |
||
| *ma-lemes | ‘drowned’ |
||
| *ma-liqeb(e)R | ‘murky, turbid (of water that has been stirred up)’ |
||
| *ma-lúnud | ‘sink, submerge, capsize’ |
||
| *ma-masiŋ | ‘catch by the legs’ |
||
| *man | ‘particle expressing solidarity, concession, qualification, or emphasis’ |
||
| *ma-nákem | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *ma-ñamsám | ‘seize, take by force’ |
||
| *ma-ñañam | ‘tasty, savory’ |
||
| *man-depa | ‘measure in fathoms’ |
||
| *ma-nebaR | ‘answer (as in answering a question)’ |
||
| *maŋa-apu | ‘ancestors’ |
||
| *maŋaRat | ‘k.o. fish: snapper sp.’ |
||
| *ma-ŋayat | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *maŋ-bihaR | ‘make alive, give life to’ |
||
| *maŋ-bítay | ‘hang someone’ |
||
| *maŋ-bujas | ‘pluck (as fruit)’ |
||
| *maŋ-bunut | ‘remove coconut husk, scrub with coconut husk’ |
||
| *maŋ-hedam | ‘borrow’ |
||
| *maŋ-hilap | ‘cut or slice meat’ |
||
| *maŋ-qidus | ‘spoon or ladle up’ |
||
| *maŋ-quay | ‘gather rattan’ |
||
| *maŋ-qunej | ‘pack in tightly (?)’ |
||
| *ma-ŋuhed | ‘young, immature (primarily of plants)’ |
||
| *ma-ñiluʔ | ‘scoop up with a net, catch with snare’ |
||
| *manuk-en | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *ma-nuRaŋ | ‘affinal relative, probably son-in-law and daughter-in-law’ |
||
| *ma-parek | ‘murky, full of sediment’ |
||
| *mapa-salaq | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *ma-pásuq | ‘scorched, scalded’ |
||
| *mapa-susu | ‘breastfeed, give the breast to a young child’ |
||
| *ma-pudpud | ‘worn out, worn down (as by overuse)’ |
||
| *ma-púyat | ‘sleepy’ |
||
| *ma-qábut | ‘within reach (?)’ |
||
| *ma-qinit | ‘hot, warm’ |
||
| *ma-qujiŋ | ‘sooty-colored’ |
||
| *ma-qunej | ‘pithy, central’ |
||
| *ma-quzan-an | ‘get drenched by the rain’ |
||
| *ma-Rabi-an | ‘overcome by darkness, benighted’ |
||
| *maR-baseq | ‘wash (as clothes)’ |
||
| *maR-besuR | ‘satiated, full from eating’ |
||
| *maR-bilín | ‘order, leave a message’ |
||
| *maR-búlig | ‘help someone carry a load’ |
||
| *maR-búlus | ‘flow’ |
||
| *maR-buRaw | ‘drive off, chase away, expel’ |
||
| *maR-daŋdaŋ | ‘expose to fire’ |
||
| *maR-depa | ‘extend both arms sideways’ |
||
| *ma-Rebaq | ‘destroyed, demolished’ |
||
| *maR-habél | ‘weave, weaving’ |
||
| *maR-hebás | ‘evaporate, cause to dry up’ |
||
| *maR-hideRáq | ‘lie down’ |
||
| *maR-hubád | ‘untie, unravel’ |
||
| *maR-huluR | ‘lower’ |
||
| *maR-huRas | ‘wash, cleanse’ |
||
| *maR-kaen | ‘eat’ |
||
| *maR-lákaj | ‘step, walk’ |
||
| *maR-qapuR | ‘prepare betel chew with lime’ |
||
| *maR-qasúd | ‘pound rice in tandem’ |
||
| *maR-qeti | ‘lower (of water level)’ |
||
| *maR-síkad | ‘kick’ |
||
| *maR-uliq | ‘return, go back’ |
||
| *maruŋgay | ‘horseradish tree’; ‘Moringa oleifera’ |
||
| *ma-salugsug-án | ‘get a splinter in the skin’ |
||
| *ma-selaR | ‘big, gross, coarse’ |
||
| *ma-siwáŋ | ‘opened, having a gap or opening’ |
||
| *mata-an | ‘big-eyed’ |
||
| *mata-án | ‘k.o. marine fish with large eyes’ |
||
| *mata-en | ‘observe closely or critically’ |
||
| *ma-tagtág | ‘shaken (as from having a rough ride in transport)’ |
||
| *ma-tanda-an | ‘remember, recall’ |
||
| *ma-tau | ‘crowded with people’ |
||
| *ma-tenek | ‘thorny, prickly’ |
||
| *ma-tuqelaŋ | ‘bony’ |
||
| *ma-uñat | ‘stretched, straightened’ |
||
| *máya | ‘rice bird, small bird found in rice fields’ |
||
| *ma-yegyeg | ‘shake, get shaken’ |
||
| *mikmik | ‘morsel, bit (as of food)’ |
||
| *mímis | ‘type of rice’ |
||
| *minsan | ‘at one time’ |
||
| *mudmúd | ‘press down hard on something’ |
||
| *muhmuh | ‘crumbs of food, esp. rice’ |
||
| *mulmúl | ‘parrot fish’; ‘Scarus spp.’ |
||
| *nákem | ‘will, intellect, reasoning, intention, mental presence, mind’ |
||
| *ñamuk-en | ‘caught in a mosquito swarm, overwhelmed by mosquitos’ |
||
| *nana | ‘term of address for older female relative’ |
||
| *nanaw | ‘look over a wide area, search for something with the eyes while standing in place’ |
||
| *na-penuq | ‘filled’ |
||
| *na-pílay | ‘was lame’ |
||
| *na-sakit | ‘was hurt or sick’ |
||
| *n-aten | ‘ours’ |
||
| *nau | ‘teach to show someone how to do something’ |
||
| *nawnáw | ‘dissolve something in water, swish around in water’ |
||
| *ŋajes | ‘gums’ |
||
| *ŋalŋál | ‘cry out, bellow, moan’ |
||
| *ŋani | ‘indeed, interjection expressing validity to an interlocutor’ |
||
| *ŋaniq | ‘even’ |
||
| *ŋaqŋaq | ‘chew betel’ |
||
| *ŋarab | ‘blade, cutting edge of knife, etc.’ |
||
| *ŋatu | ‘above, on top’ |
||
| *ŋina | ‘price, worth, cost’ |
||
| *ŋisŋis | ‘high-pitched vocalization’ |
||
| *ŋitŋit | ‘pitch black (as a moonless night)’ |
||
| *ŋuhed | ‘young, immature (primarily of plants)’ |
||
| *ŋusŋús | ‘grate, scour, rub hard on something’ |
||
| *ŋutŋut-en | ‘chew or gnaw on something’ |
||
| *ŋuyŋuy | ‘whine, whimper (as a child)’ |
||
| *nisnís | ‘wipe, rub, scrub’ |
||
| *nisnis-an | ‘wipe away, wipe off’ |
||
| *p<al>akpak | ‘clap’ |
||
| *p<al>ikpik | ‘fin of a fish’ |
||
| *p<aR>ukpuk | ‘sound of knocking or bubbling’ |
||
| *p<aR>utput | ‘gaseous defecation’ |
||
| *p<in>usej | ‘k.o. weaving pattern for basketry’ |
||
| *pa-bahaw-en | ‘let food or hot water cool off’ |
||
| *pa-betu | ‘make an exploding sound’ |
||
| *pa-bulud | ‘lend’ |
||
| *padpád | ‘cast adrift, cast ashore after going adrift’ |
||
| *paen-an | ‘bait a trap, set the bait for’ |
||
| *pagas | ‘hoarse, husky (of the voice)’ |
||
| *pag(e)qúŋ | ‘land turtle’ |
||
| *pagpág | ‘brush or shake off dust or dirt’ |
||
| *pa-hedam-en | ‘lent to’ |
||
| *pakáw | ‘bow-legged’ |
||
| *pala | ‘temporary shed’ |
||
| *pa-labas-en | ‘let something pass by’ |
||
| *palis | ‘animal sacrifice’ |
||
| *palit | ‘exchange’ |
||
| *palpál | ‘hit, beat with hand or club in order to kill’ |
||
| *palpál | ‘tethering stake, drive a stake into the ground’ |
||
| *palú | ‘k.o. fish or eel’ |
||
| *paluŋ | ‘wave at sea, sea swell’ |
||
| *páluŋ | ‘cockscomb, cut off a cock’s comb’ |
||
| *pa-matá | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *pampám | ‘prostitute’ |
||
| *panduŋ | ‘head covering’ |
||
| *paŋ | ‘descendants (?)’ |
||
| *paŋah | ‘jaw, jawbone’ |
||
| *paŋánay | ‘first-born child, eldest child’ |
||
| *paŋ-añud | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *paŋ-asu | ‘what is hunted (?)’ |
||
| *pa-ŋátiq | ‘domestic chicken used as a decoy to attract a wild fowl into a trap’ |
||
| *paŋ-búŋa | ‘produce fruit, produce results’ |
||
| *paŋel | ‘stupid, unthinking’ |
||
| *paŋeR | ‘stupid, unthinking’ |
||
| *paŋ-qanup | ‘hunting dog’ |
||
| *paŋ-qasawa | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *paŋ-qasin-an | ‘place where salt is found, salt beds’ |
||
| *paŋ-quay | ‘rattan gatherer’ |
||
| *pa-nípit | ‘tongs, pincers’ |
||
| *pantaR | ‘coarse sand, gravel’ |
||
| *pantuk | ‘peak, summit’ |
||
| *panuqus | ‘stench, sour smell’ |
||
| *papag | ‘bamboo platform, shelf’ |
||
| *pa-pudpud-en | ‘wear something down (?)’ |
||
| *paq(e)liŋ | ‘visible defect of the eyes’ |
||
| *paqit-an | ‘k.o. plant’; ‘Lunasia amara’ |
||
| *parásan | ‘k.o. rattan’ |
||
| *paR(e)bu | ‘one of the four principal rafters’ |
||
| *parek | ‘murky (as water or other liquid)’ |
||
| *paR-lima-en | ‘divide into five’ |
||
| *paR-piliq | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *pa-siduŋ-en | ‘give shelter to’ |
||
| *pa-sikat | ‘show off’ |
||
| *paspás | ‘do something quickly, do something in a hurry’ |
||
| *paspas-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *paspas-an | ‘speed up, increase the pace of something’ |
||
| *pásuq | ‘roast, broil, scald, sear, burn’ |
||
| *pasúq-en | ‘roast, singe, cauterize’ |
||
| *patániq | ‘lima bean’; ‘Phaseolus lunatus’ |
||
| *patáw | ‘buoy’ |
||
| *patí | ‘also, including’ |
||
| *patpát-en | ‘cut, slash (as in clearing land)’ |
||
| *pa-tubuq | ‘let something grow, make something grow’ |
||
| *pawíkan | ‘sea turtle’ |
||
| *payapay | ‘wave, flap’ |
||
| *paypáy | ‘wave the hand (as in beckoning someone or in fanning oneself)’ |
||
| *pegpeg | ‘tremble (as with chills)’ |
||
| *pekel | ‘squeeze, press together’ |
||
| *perper | ‘complete an activity, see through to completion’ |
||
| *peRsa | ‘boil, abscess’ |
||
| *petpet | ‘piece of something that has been cut’ |
||
| *piaŋa | ‘k.o. tree’; ‘Ganua obovatifolia.(Merr.), Sapotaceae’ |
||
| *pidek | ‘eyelash’ |
||
| *pidut | ‘pinch, hold between the fingers’ |
||
| *piet | ‘narrow, tight’ |
||
| *piki | ‘k.o. cloth’ |
||
| *pikuq | ‘k.o. children’s game’ |
||
| *píkut | ‘forced marriage, force into marriage’ |
||
| *píla | ‘clay’ |
||
| *piláy-en | ‘cripple, disable someone’ |
||
| *pílit | ‘insist, force, compel someone to do something’ |
||
| *pilit-en | ‘force someone to do something’ |
||
| *piŋkíq | ‘strike two hard objects together to produce a spark’ |
||
| *pinsan | ‘first cousin’ |
||
| *pintás | ‘curse, hex, bewitch, criticize, find fault with’ |
||
| *pintuq | ‘loft in house where unmarried girls reside’ |
||
| *piqpiq | ‘wash clothes by pounding on river rocks’ |
||
| *piRaq | ‘squeeze out juice, wring out water’ |
||
| *pisak | ‘muddy’ |
||
| *pisel-en | ‘squeeze or press with the hand’ |
||
| *pis(e)ŋí | ‘cheeks’ |
||
| *pitek | ‘mud’ |
||
| *pudaw | ‘whitish, grayish’ |
||
| *pudpud | ‘worn out by overuse, broken, blunt’ |
||
| *puéj | ‘part of the lower body’ |
||
| *pugad | ‘nest (as of a bird)’ |
||
| *pugad-an | ‘nest, nesting place’ |
||
| *pug(e)rút | ‘destitute, without means of support’ |
||
| *pugiq | ‘start the weaving of cloth’ |
||
| *pugus | ‘short-haired’ |
||
| *pugut-an | ‘behead, decapitate’ |
||
| *pujuq | ‘island’ |
||
| *púkan | ‘fell a tree, cut down bamboo’ |
||
| *pukán-en | ‘fell a tree, cut down bamboo’ |
||
| *pukul | ‘maimed, lacking a hand, arm or leg’ |
||
| *pulád | ‘feather vane on an arrow’ |
||
| *pulaw | ‘stay awake all night (as in a vigil for the dead)’ |
||
| *puli | ‘replacement’ |
||
| *pulí | ‘inherited characteristic, bloodline’ |
||
| *pulih-an | ‘replace someone, fill a vacancy’ |
||
| *pulij | ‘fall and continue rolling downhill’ |
||
| *pulin | ‘roll down or over something’ |
||
| *puŋan | ‘rest the head against something, pillow’ |
||
| *puŋus | ‘wrap, tie up or tie together’ |
||
| *punit | ‘tear, small hole, or rip’ |
||
| *pusek | ‘enter, insert’ |
||
| *pus(e)lít | ‘slip through or out, get away’ |
||
| *pus(e)qun | ‘hypogastrium, abdomen below the navel’ |
||
| *pus(e)quŋ | ‘hypogastrium, abdomen below the navel’ |
||
| *pusiŋ | ‘wean a baby from breast-feeding’ |
||
| *pusít | ‘squid’ |
||
| *putik | ‘mud’ |
||
| *putud | ‘snap, break off’ |
||
| *púyat | ‘insomnia, sleeplessness’ |
||
| *puyat-en | ‘keep someone awake, not let them sleep’ |
||
| *puyud | ‘wear the hair in a bun or topknot’ |
||
| *q<um>-ábut | ‘reach, attain’ |
||
| *qa | ‘particle expressing confirmation: indeed’ |
||
| *qabqab | ‘eat or drink voraciously (derogatory)’ |
||
| *qábut | ‘reach, overtake, catch up with’ |
||
| *qábut-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *qábut-en | ‘reach, catch up with’ |
||
| *qadipen | ‘slave’ |
||
| *qalejaw-an | ‘place in the sun’ |
||
| *qaliaw | ‘startled or frightened (as by violent action)’ |
||
| *qalibun | ‘k.o. plant with medicinal value’; ‘Blumea spp. (probably)’ |
||
| *qalibuŋbuŋ | ‘encircle, surround something’ |
||
| *qali-pugpug | ‘whirlwind’ |
||
| *qali-puRut | ‘whirlwind, dust devil’ |
||
| *qalís | ‘change place or activity’ |
||
| *qalis-an | ‘change place or activity’ |
||
| *qambiday | ‘carry slung over the shoulder’ |
||
| *qambijay | ‘carry slung over the shoulder’ |
||
| *qamihan-an | ‘north, rainy season’ |
||
| *qaŋ(e)su | ‘stench of urine’ |
||
| *qaŋ(e)téj | ‘stench (as of burning hair)’ |
||
| *qanih-en | ‘harvest, reap’ |
||
| *qaninaw | ‘shadow, indistinct image’ |
||
| *qanitu-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *qañud-an | ‘adrift’ |
||
| *qaRaw-en | ‘snatched away, taken away by force’ |
||
| *qaRutay | ‘plant in the banana family’; ‘Musa textilis (possibly)’ |
||
| *qasawa-en | ‘married, person married’ |
||
| *qasúd | ‘pound rice in tandem’ |
||
| *qasud-án | ‘pound together, place of pounding together’ |
||
| *qatipulu | ‘breadfruit’; ‘Artocarpus spp.’ |
||
| *qebqeb | ‘sit on eggs (of a hen)’ |
||
| *qelad | ‘sheet, flat, wide object’ |
||
| *qemel | ‘squeeze into a ball’ |
||
| *qeŋqeŋ | ‘whining sound’ |
||
| *qepés | ‘deflated, shrunken’ |
||
| *qiduq | ‘dog’ |
||
| *qiluh-án | ‘anus (?)’ |
||
| *qímun | ‘sexual jealousy, suspicion’ |
||
| *qinit-en | ‘heated or warmed by’ |
||
| *qiR(e)pit | ‘pinch between two surfaces, clip’ |
||
| *quhay | ‘rice panicle’ |
||
| *quhut | ‘sheaf to which rice grains are attached’ |
||
| *qujiŋ-en | ‘anything used to make charcoal’ |
||
| *qunej-en | ‘pithy, central’ |
||
| *quRis | ‘white’ |
||
| *qutuR | ‘erect (of the penis)’ |
||
| *quyag | ‘living, alive’ |
||
| *R<in>abiqi | ‘every night, happening every night’ |
||
| *R<um>abiqi | ‘become night, turn into night’ |
||
| *Rabat | ‘driftwood, flotsam’ |
||
| *rab(e)nút | ‘grab and pull’ |
||
| *rab(e)nut-en | ‘grab and pull’ |
||
| *Rabi-en | ‘taking place at night’ |
||
| *rabuŋ | ‘bamboo shoots’ |
||
| *Rakéd | ‘hitch, tie two things together’ |
||
| *rakrak | ‘lap up water, like a dog, guzzle, drink insatiably’ |
||
| *rakrák | ‘smash, demolish, destroy’ |
||
| *rakrak-en | ‘smash, demolish, destroy’ |
||
| *ramas | ‘hand-to-hand combat’ |
||
| *rámas | ‘mix, stir together’ |
||
| *Rámit | ‘use’ |
||
| *Ramut | ‘charm used to control someone magically’ |
||
| *Raŋaw | ‘new shoot of vines or creepers’ |
||
| *Rapuq | ‘branches carried along and deposited by water’ |
||
| *RaRaŋ | ‘large marine mollusk’; ‘Turbo marmoratus’ |
||
| *RasRas | ‘rub vigorously, scour’ |
||
| *rawaŋ | ‘submarine cave (?)’ |
||
| *ráwis | ‘long slender point (as of land jutting into the sea)’ |
||
| *Rebaq-en | ‘destroy, demolish’ |
||
| *rebreb | ‘put under water, soak’ |
||
| *regrég | ‘crumbs dropped while eating’ |
||
| *reneb | ‘sink, soak into’ |
||
| *Retaq | ‘crack, cleft’ |
||
| *riak | ‘noisy’ |
||
| *ribuk | ‘noise, tumult, turmoil, confusion’ |
||
| *Riduq | ‘shake (as the ground in an earthquake)’ |
||
| *Rimukud | ‘soul’ |
||
| *rubaŋ | ‘plant cuttings or transplant seedlings’ |
||
| *Rukib | ‘cave’ |
||
| *Rumek | ‘crush, smash’ |
||
| *rúnut | ‘wear out through overuse (as fabric or a rope)’ |
||
| *ruru | ‘come together, assemble’ |
||
| *s<al>áysay | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *s<in>ipit | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *s<um>aŋ(e)lád | ‘run aground, beached’ |
||
| *s<um>aRap | ‘scoop up, skim from the surface’ |
||
| *s<um>aweqaq | ‘cloy, satiate, do something to excess and so lose interest’ |
||
| *s<um>eŋaw | ‘evaporate’ |
||
| *s<um>úbuq | ‘put something (as food) in the mouth’ |
||
| *s<um>ugud | ‘rush forward’ |
||
| *s<um>unúd | ‘obey’ |
||
| *sa | ‘that (indicating something close to the hearer)’ |
||
| *sabáliq | ‘except, other than, another, different’ |
||
| *sabaŋ | ‘k.o. tree’; ‘Erythrina spp.’ |
||
| *sabat-en | ‘meet or greet someone who is arriving, or who one encounters by surprise’ |
||
| *sab(e)láy | ‘hang, drape over something’ |
||
| *sab(e)lék | ‘crave (as food one wants to eat)’ |
||
| *sabsab-én | ‘gobbled up, eaten voraciously’ |
||
| *sabuag | ‘scatter wildly’ |
||
| *sabuŋ | ‘flower, blossom of fruit tree’ |
||
| *sabunut | ‘pull by the hair, pull out hair’ |
||
| *sad(e)qaŋ | ‘hang (as something on a nail)’ |
||
| *sadsad | ‘trample, stomp on’ |
||
| *sagapsap | ‘fibrous and dry to the taste’ |
||
| *sagisí | ‘wild palm tree with fruit similar to areca nut’; ‘Heterospathe elata’ |
||
| *sagitsit | ‘hiss, sizzle’ |
||
| *sagsag-en | ‘break up into small pieces’ |
||
| *sagút | ‘answer (a call, a question), assume responsibility for, answerable for’ |
||
| *sahuq | ‘words, speech (?)’ |
||
| *sahuR | ‘mix, mixture’ |
||
| *saiŋ | ‘stand or be placed near to someone or something’ |
||
| *sajab | ‘singe, burn slightly’ |
||
| *saka | ‘climb, go up’ |
||
| *saká | ‘and, also’ |
||
| *sáka | ‘leg of a fowl (?)’ |
||
| *sakáqaŋ | ‘walk or stand with legs wide apart’ |
||
| *sakeb | ‘lie face down, prone’ |
||
| *sakedú | ‘fetch water (for drinking)’ |
||
| *sakedu-en | ‘fetch water (for drinking)’ |
||
| *sakeláy | ‘carry something by shoulder strap’ |
||
| *sak(e)lút | ‘hold tightly, clutch to oneself’ |
||
| *sak(e)lut-en | ‘hold tightly, clutch to oneself’ |
||
| *sakém | ‘grasp, reach for, grasping, greedy’ |
||
| *sak(e)mál | ‘snatch with the mouth (as a dog seizing something in its mouth and running away with it)’ |
||
| *sak(e)níb | ‘overlapping, one on top of another’ |
||
| *sakmal-én | ‘snatched, seized suddenly’ |
||
| *saksák | ‘stuff, pack tightly’ |
||
| *sakúb | ‘lid, cover’ |
||
| *sakup | ‘jurisdiction, territory’ |
||
| *salakeb | ‘cover trap for fish or crustaceans’ |
||
| *salét | ‘insert between, intersperse’ |
||
| *saletán | ‘insert between, intersperse’ |
||
| *salét-salét | ‘alternate, interspersed’ |
||
| *salimbeŋ | ‘concealment, conceal’ |
||
| *saliŋsíŋ | ‘prune a tree, new growth from pruning’ |
||
| *salsál | ‘masturbate’ |
||
| *salsal-en | ‘masturbate’ |
||
| *salugsúg | ‘get a splinter or sliver under the skin or nail’ |
||
| *saluksuk | ‘insert, slip between’ |
||
| *saluksuk | ‘tool like chisel or trowel’ |
||
| *salúkub | ‘cover something to protect it or oneself’ |
||
| *salup | ‘measure by gantas’ |
||
| *salúp | ‘small basket, unit of measure for dry goods’ |
||
| *salúyut | ‘k.o. shrub, Jew’s mallow’; ‘Corchorus spp., fam. Malvaceae’ |
||
| *sambut | ‘rush, hurry’ |
||
| *sambut | ‘take advantage of a situation or opportunity, exploit an advantage’ |
||
| *sampaw | ‘waterfall’ |
||
| *samsám | ‘seize, take by force, snatch from another’s hands, pillage’ |
||
| *saŋa-anak | ‘litter, brood’ |
||
| *saŋ(e)lád | ‘run aground, beached (of a boat)’ |
||
| *saŋ(e)qát | ‘put something in a high place or reach a high place by climbing’ |
||
| *saŋi | ‘molar tooth (?)’ |
||
| *sa(ŋ)kab | ‘seize prey in the water (as a crocodile)’ |
||
| *saŋkap | ‘well-equippe, having what one needs to do live or do a job’ |
||
| *saŋsáŋ | ‘confront one another (as in a dispute)’ |
||
| *sáŋu | ‘scent (as an animal following prey)’ |
||
| *sanipa | ‘borderline, edge (as of roof or garment)’ |
||
| *santán | ‘k.o. flowering plant’; ‘Ixora spp.’ |
||
| *santik | ‘click or clink together (as stones in making fire)’ |
||
| *santik-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *sapád | ‘detach a hand, or bunch of bananas from the stalk’ |
||
| *sápad | ‘hand of bananas’ |
||
| *sapád-en | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *sapal | ‘able to cope, able to handle things’ |
||
| *sapaq-en | ‘spit out chewed betel quid’ |
||
| *sapat | ‘put above’ |
||
| *sapát | ‘sufficient, enough’ |
||
| *sap(e)nut | ‘viscous, thick (of liquids)’ |
||
| *sapín | ‘lining, insulation, padding, underlayer (as of clothing)’ |
||
| *sapsáp | ‘fish sp., slipmouth’; ‘Leiognathus sp.’ |
||
| *sapul | ‘begin, start at the beginning’ |
||
| *sapúpu | ‘hold in the lap (as a small child)’ |
||
| *sapuq | ‘allotment of meat after butchering an animal’ |
||
| *sapút | ‘spiderweb, cobwebs’ |
||
| *saqebit-án | ‘hook (as with a fishhook)’ |
||
| *saq(e)gid | ‘touch or brush against’ |
||
| *saq(e)ŋit | ‘snag, snagged, caught in something that prevents it from falling’ |
||
| *sárab | ‘singe, blacken the surface with fire’ |
||
| *saRap | ‘scoop up, skim from the surface’ |
||
| *sarebséb | ‘marshy ground’ |
||
| *saR(e)ked | ‘block passage, oppose movement, come to a temporary stop’ |
||
| *sáRep | ‘catch fish by damming a stream’ |
||
| *saR(e)qeb | ‘fetch water’ |
||
| *sarijsij | ‘approach or strike from the side or at an oblique angle’ |
||
| *saru | ‘facing, face-to-face’ |
||
| *sárut | ‘waste away from illness’ |
||
| *saud | ‘prepare the warp threads in weaving’ |
||
| *sauŋ | ‘canine tooth, tusk (as of wild boar)’ |
||
| *saway | ‘in excess, overabundant, surplus’ |
||
| *sawsáw | ‘dip in liquid’ |
||
| *sayáŋ-en | ‘waste an opportunity’ |
||
| *sáysay | ‘narrate (as in telling a story)’ |
||
| *sebaŋ | ‘rise (of the sun, moon or stars)’ |
||
| *sebseb | ‘fall forward’ |
||
| *sedaq | ‘fish, accompaniment to rice’ |
||
| *sedsed | ‘crowded, compact’ |
||
| *sedsed | ‘feel with the feet (as in finding clams under the sand)’ |
||
| *seki | ‘foot, leg’ |
||
| *selaŋ | ‘jaw, jawbone (?)’ |
||
| *selaR | ‘big, gross, coarse’ |
||
| *sel(e)daŋ | ‘brightness, shine’ |
||
| *seleR | ‘flowing water, current’ |
||
| *sená | ‘just, merely, only, usual’ |
||
| *seŋaw-án | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *seŋet-seŋet | ‘throb with pain or exhaustion’ |
||
| *sensén | ‘press together, make compact (as the threads or leaves in weaving)’ |
||
| *sepal | ‘chew (of animals?)’ |
||
| *sepet | ‘inner pulp or young leaves’ |
||
| *seReb | ‘burn, singe’ |
||
| *siám | ‘nine’ |
||
| *sibáq | ‘gluttony, uncontrolled appetite’ |
||
| *sibay | ‘extension to a house (?)’ |
||
| *sibít | ‘hook, thorn’ |
||
| *sibukaw | ‘sappan tree’; ‘Caesalpinia sappan L.’ |
||
| *sidáq | ‘protein side-dish eaten with rice (typically fish)’ |
||
| *sigáŋ | ‘fish stew’ |
||
| *sig(e)pít | ‘clip on’ |
||
| *sigúk | ‘choke, sob’ |
||
| *síkad | ‘push with the feet, press feet against, set feet firmly to prevent being moved’ |
||
| *sikád-an | ‘press feet against’ |
||
| *sikap | ‘cunning, spy on, examine’ |
||
| *sikát | ‘sunrise, rising sun, show off, ostentatious, parade one’s talents, parade one’s possessions, etc.’ |
||
| *sikí | ‘foot, leg’ |
||
| *sikil | ‘contend with others, compete for something’ |
||
| *silaR | ‘k.o. palm’; ‘Corypha spp.’ |
||
| *sil(e)qáb | ‘burn, expose to fire’ |
||
| *sili-sili | ‘k.o. plant’; ‘Solanum spp.’ |
||
| *siluŋ | ‘shelter, space under something’ |
||
| *siluŋ-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *síluq | ‘noose, snare, net’ |
||
| *siluʔ-en | ‘catch with a net, scoop up’ |
||
| *símaq | ‘barb of a hook’ |
||
| *simaq-an | ‘barbed, having a barb’ |
||
| *simsím | ‘nibble at’ |
||
| *simut | ‘take all that remains’ |
||
| *sindul | ‘bump into lightly’ |
||
| *sin(e)qek | ‘hiccup, produce a sound in the throat’ |
||
| *siŋal | ‘wedge’ |
||
| *siŋaw | ‘vapor, leaking air, fumes’ |
||
| *siŋgít | ‘shine (of the sun)’ |
||
| *síŋin | ‘conjoined fruits, Siamese twins’ |
||
| *siŋiq | ‘take one piece of fruit from a bunch’ |
||
| *síŋit | ‘forking, bifurcation’ |
||
| *siŋkít | ‘slanted (of the eyes)’ |
||
| *sintík | ‘knock two things together with a clicking sound’ |
||
| *si-nu | ‘person whose name is unknown, avoided or cannot be remembered: who?’ |
||
| *sipag | ‘industrious, diligent’ |
||
| *sip(e)qun | ‘cold, nasal mucus, runny nose’ |
||
| *sipet | ‘consume totally, use up’ |
||
| *sípiŋ | ‘next to, in close proximity’ |
||
| *sipíq | ‘break off a component piece of something (as twigs or branches from a tree, a banana from a bunch, a section from a fruit, etc.)’ |
||
| *sipít-en | ‘pick up with tongs or pincers’ |
||
| *sipsíp | ‘cut grass or weeds (as in preparing a field for planting)’ |
||
| *siq(e)rip | ‘peep, spy on’ |
||
| *siq(e)rip-en | ‘peep, spy on’ |
||
| *siqid | ‘trap for mudfish’ |
||
| *sirap | ‘glance, look at quickly’ |
||
| *siraq | ‘non-staple food eaten with rice’ |
||
| *siR(e)pít | ‘clip used to fasten things together’ |
||
| *sirub | ‘singe, scorch’ |
||
| *suay | ‘quarrel, part company’ |
||
| *sub | ‘pass one another while going in different directions’ |
||
| *súbaq | ‘go upstream (ascend a river)’ |
||
| *sub(e)laR | ‘bypass, miss contact with another person’ |
||
| *sub(e)liq | ‘borrow, inherit’ |
||
| *subu | ‘boil (of water)’ |
||
| *subu | ‘share food with another’ |
||
| *subuk | ‘test, try, examine’ |
||
| *súbuq | ‘put something into or through an opening’ |
||
| *subuq-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *sudsud | ‘go against the current, oppose, go in the opposite direction’ |
||
| *sudsud | ‘tool for cutting with a forward digging motion’ |
||
| *sudsud-en | ‘oppose, go against’ |
||
| *sug(e)bu | ‘wade into water, bathe’ |
||
| *sugsúg | ‘provoke, annoy, irritate’ |
||
| *sugud | ‘rush forward, charge’ |
||
| *suháq | ‘k.o. fruit tree, pomelo’; ‘Citrus decumana’ |
||
| *suka | ‘vomit’ |
||
| *sukáy | ‘part the hair (as when searching for lice)’ |
||
| *sukay-án | ‘deloused’ |
||
| *suk(e)luban | ‘k.o. basket with cover’ |
||
| *suku | ‘surrender’ |
||
| *sukut | ‘collect a debt’ |
||
| *sulid | ‘string, twine, thread’ |
||
| *sulit | ‘substitute, replacement’ |
||
| *súlsul | ‘ignite, kindle, set fire to’ |
||
| *sulu | ‘fingernail, toenail, claw’ |
||
| *súman | ‘rice cake’ |
||
| *sumbuŋ | ‘accuse, inform on someone’ |
||
| *sumpuŋ | ‘whim, caprice, sudden change of mood, moodiness’ |
||
| *suŋáw | ‘evaporate (as vapor rising from the ground after rain)’ |
||
| *súŋay | ‘horn of an animal, butt or gore’ |
||
| *suŋet | ‘irritated, angry’ |
||
| *suŋit | ‘bite, bitten off (of food)’ |
||
| *suŋit | ‘hostile’ |
||
| *su(ŋ)kit-en | ‘pick (as fruit from a tree using a pole with a hook)’ |
||
| *suŋsuŋ | ‘sniff at close quarters (of animals)’ |
||
| *suŋu | ‘upper lip, snout, muzzle’ |
||
| *sunsun | ‘close together, compact’ |
||
| *suntúk | ‘punch’ |
||
| *sunúd | ‘next, follow in succession’ |
||
| *sunúd-sunúd | ‘one after the other, successive’ |
||
| *sunúg-en | ‘burn or set a fire under to smoke out’ |
||
| *súput | ‘pouch (?)’ |
||
| *suqag | ‘butt or gore with the horns’ |
||
| *suq(e)kip | ‘insert, tuck in’ |
||
| *suq(e)lút | ‘wear (as clothes), get dressed, slip into’ |
||
| *suquk | ‘enter’ |
||
| *suRud | ‘push’ |
||
| *súrut | ‘follow, obey, agree with’ |
||
| *sutsut | ‘hiss to get attention’ |
||
| *suysuy | ‘speak, say something, tell’ |
||
| *t<ag>aytay | ‘narrow bridge’ |
||
| *t<in>adtád | ‘dish made of chopped meat or vegetables’ |
||
| *t<in>elu | ‘made of three parts (as triple-strand rope)’ |
||
| *t<um>aneq | ‘go overland, hike’ |
||
| *t<um>elu | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *t<um>uduq | ‘drip, leak’ |
||
| *tabák | ‘sword or sword-like appendage’ |
||
| *tabayaR | ‘k.o. edible squash or gourd’; ‘Lagenaria leucantha’ |
||
| *tabtab-an | ‘cut, slash’ |
||
| *tabun | ‘k.o. bird that buries its eggs deep in the sand’ |
||
| *tabún-an | ‘cover with earth, dam up’ |
||
| *tabuR | ‘drive away, shoo off’ |
||
| *tadék | ‘dance’ |
||
| *tadtad-án | ‘chopping block, cutting board’ |
||
| *tadtad-én | ‘chopped up or minced’ |
||
| *taduŋ | ‘sun hat (used to provide shade)’ |
||
| *taga- | ‘prefix indicating place of origin (for ethnic groups)’ |
||
| *tagal(e)táw | ‘buoy, float’ |
||
| *tágay | ‘toast (in drinking), offer a toast’ |
||
| *tag(e)bák | ‘rotten, turned rancid or mildewed’ |
||
| *tag(e)búq | ‘meet, encounter, happen upon’ |
||
| *tagek | ‘sap of a tree’ |
||
| *tag(e)kés | ‘wrap around tightly’ |
||
| *tag(e)pás | ‘cut, chop’ |
||
| *tagiktik | ‘sound of ticking, sound of rain drops falling’ |
||
| *ta-gílij | ‘tipped on the side (?)’ |
||
| *tagtag | ‘jolted or knocked around on a rough ride’ |
||
| *tagtág | ‘distribute, pass out shares of food’ |
||
| *tahúl | ‘howl (of a dog)’ |
||
| *tájip | ‘peel, pare (as fruit or yam), cut into slices’ |
||
| *tajip-an | ‘peel, pare’ |
||
| *taka | ‘hesitate, not able to act’ |
||
| *takad | ‘step on, leave footprint’ |
||
| *takál | ‘k.o. marine mollusc’ |
||
| *takál | ‘stud animal, mate, of animals’ |
||
| *tákaŋ | ‘spread wide open’ |
||
| *tak(e)bá | ‘embrace from behind, copulate by mounting from behind (of animals, or coarsely of humans)’ |
||
| *takéd | ‘tie down, fasten by binding’ |
||
| *tak(e)laq | ‘click with the tongue’ |
||
| *takem | ‘tightly capped’ |
||
| *takes | ‘measurement, measure’ |
||
| *takíp | ‘cover’ |
||
| *talabá | ‘k.o. shellfish, probably oyster’ |
||
| *talagá | ‘truly, surely, really, in fact’ |
||
| *talakituk | ‘k.o. marine fish’ |
||
| *talaŋ | ‘k.o. tree’; ‘Diospyros spp.’ |
||
| *talaq | ‘go for a walk’ |
||
| *tala-qasawa | ‘married couple’ |
||
| *talátal | ‘sway, stagger, turn this way and that’ |
||
| *tal(e)sík | ‘splash, spatter’ |
||
| *taliŋu | ‘cheat, lead astray, get someone into trouble’ |
||
| *talínum | ‘k.o. plant with leaves used as a vegetable’; ‘Talinum paniculatum or Talinum triangulare’ |
||
| *taliwájaq | ‘middle, middling, average’ |
||
| *talúbuq | ‘grow rapidly, thrive, healthy’ |
||
| *talukaeb | ‘eyelid’ |
||
| *taluktuk | ‘hummock, small rise of land’ |
||
| *taluluŋ | ‘vine with red flower clusters, Chinese honeysuckle’; ‘Quisqualis indica’ |
||
| *talun | ‘wild fowl, jungle fowl’ |
||
| *talun-an | ‘clear land for cultivation’ |
||
| *taluntún | ‘follow a path’ |
||
| *tamád | ‘lazy, indolent’ |
||
| *tamad-an | ‘lazy, feel lazy’ |
||
| *tambal | ‘treat with medicine’ |
||
| *tambáŋ | ‘ambush, surprise attack’ |
||
| *tambaŋ-an | ‘lie in wait for an enemy or wild game’ |
||
| *tambaR | ‘advise, help someone with a problem’ |
||
| *tambéd | ‘lizard fish’ |
||
| *tambúg | ‘splash in the water’ |
||
| *tampipiq | ‘telescoping basket, double basket’ |
||
| *tampuq | ‘sulk, feel remorse’ |
||
| *tanan | ‘all’ |
||
| *tandaq | ‘having a good memory, intelligent’ |
||
| *taŋa | ‘k.o. tree’; ‘Prunus sp.’ |
||
| *taŋah | ‘stupid, silly, ignorant’ |
||
| *taŋaq | ‘incapable, incompetent’ |
||
| *taŋaR | ‘seize property and run off with it, elope with a single woman’ |
||
| *taŋay | ‘carried away by someone or something’ |
||
| *taŋay | ‘look upward’ |
||
| *taŋay-en | ‘carry away’ |
||
| *taŋ(e)buq | ‘bamboo shoot’ |
||
| *taŋ(e)buq | ‘k.o. coarse grass’ |
||
| *taŋ(e)dan | ‘payment for services’ |
||
| *taŋ(e)laj | ‘k.o. tall grass’; ‘Themeda gigantea’ |
||
| *taŋén | ‘wedge, piece used to stabilize surfaces’ |
||
| *taŋ(e)paq | ‘pay for in advance’ |
||
| *taŋíl | ‘wedge’ |
||
| *taŋíliq | ‘k.o. tree’; ‘Shorea polysperma’ |
||
| *taŋkal | ‘coop (as for chickens), pen (as for pigs)’ |
||
| *taŋkuŋ | ‘k.o. edible plant, swamp cabbage’; ‘Ipomoea aquatica’ |
||
| *taŋtáŋ | ‘clanging sound, clang (as in beating metals)’ |
||
| *taŋtáŋ | ‘remove, take off’ |
||
| *taŋtaŋ-én | ‘beat metals’ |
||
| *taŋuq | ‘nod the head (as in agreement)’ |
||
| *táŋus | ‘pointed or prominent (of the nose)’ |
||
| *tantán | ‘lose interest in doing something (?)’ |
||
| *tanúd | ‘thread a needle’ |
||
| *tánud | ‘guard, sentinel, stand guard’ |
||
| *tanúR | ‘loud sound, volume, loudness’ |
||
| *tánus | ‘straight (as tree limbs)’ |
||
| *tanɁaw-én | ‘see or look at something far away’ |
||
| *tapa-en | ‘smoked by someone (of meat or fish)’ |
||
| *tapaŋ | ‘bold, rude, brave’ |
||
| *tapiq | ‘board, lumber, beam in house construction’ |
||
| *taptap | ‘move the lips or tongue in chewing or lapping up’ |
||
| *tapuák | ‘plunge, dive into’ |
||
| *tapuk | ‘dust in the air, stir up dust’ |
||
| *tapuŋ | ‘rice flour’ |
||
| *taq | ‘because’ |
||
| *taq | ‘particle used to soften questions or turn statements into rhetorical questions’ |
||
| *taq(e)kip | ‘include with something else’ |
||
| *taq(e)náw | ‘see or look at something far away’ |
||
| *taq(e)nay | ‘sheaf or bundle of rice stalks’ |
||
| *taq(e)paw | ‘top surface of something’ |
||
| *taq(e)paw-an | ‘put something on top of something else’ |
||
| *taqul | ‘howl (of a dog)’ |
||
| *taRad | ‘wait’ |
||
| *taRad-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *taRak | ‘distribute an inheritance (?)’ |
||
| *taR-anak | ‘care for children’ |
||
| *taRa-qinép | ‘dream’ |
||
| *taRaquk | ‘crow (of a rooster)’ |
||
| *taraquk | ‘crowing of a rooster’ |
||
| *taRa-tuhud | ‘up to the knees’ |
||
| *taray | ‘run’ |
||
| *taraytay | ‘put in a straight line’ |
||
| *taRenek | ‘sandfly’ |
||
| *taRihtih | ‘drizzle, light rain’ |
||
| *taRiktík | ‘sound of rain on roof’ |
||
| *tariktik | ‘drizzle, light rain’ |
||
| *tariktik | ‘woodpecker’ |
||
| *tarús | ‘understand, grasp something intellectually’ |
||
| *tastas-en | ‘undo stitches, pull out tying material’ |
||
| *tatus | ‘coconut crab’; ‘Birgus latro’ |
||
| *táwad | ‘pardon, forgive’ |
||
| *tayáq | ‘stakes in gambling, wager, bet’ |
||
| *tayaw | ‘traditional dance form’ |
||
| *tayeŋ | ‘sea urchin with long black spines’ |
||
| *taytáy | ‘mountain ridge’ |
||
| *tebág | ‘crumbling, eroded, landslide, cave-in’ |
||
| *tebáq | ‘cut down a stalk of bananas’ |
||
| *tebáR | ‘answer’ |
||
| *tebel | ‘constipated’ |
||
| *tebéR | ‘k.o. tree’; ‘Ficus sp.’ |
||
| *tebir | ‘edge, seam, hem’ |
||
| *tebteb-en | ‘cut in half’ |
||
| *tebug | ‘mud puddle, wallow for wild pig or carabao’ |
||
| *tedák | ‘stick with a pin, pierce’ |
||
| *tegék | ‘sticky sap’ |
||
| *tekeb | ‘attack (as an animal attacking its prey)’ |
||
| *tekuk | ‘sound off, cry out’ |
||
| *teltel | ‘dip food in sauce’ |
||
| *telu-gan | ‘three (in children’s games)’ |
||
| *temtem | ‘burn something in a bonfire’ |
||
| *tenaw | ‘clear (of liquid free of impurities)’ |
||
| *tendek | ‘post, stake, pillar’ |
||
| *tenek | ‘thorn, spine (as on a fish)’ |
||
| *teŋel | ‘nape, back of the neck’ |
||
| *tepak | ‘sound of footfalls’ |
||
| *tepeŋ | ‘equal in height or length’ |
||
| *tepet | ‘question, ask a question’ |
||
| *tíbay | ‘durable, long-lasting’ |
||
| *tibud | ‘k.o. water jar’ |
||
| *tíkal | ‘bruised or cramping (of feet after too much walking)’ |
||
| *tik(e)buq | ‘spill, pour out’ |
||
| *tik(e)lúp | ‘fold’ |
||
| *tikiq | ‘small lizard (gecko?)’ |
||
| *tikís | ‘on purpose, intentionally’ |
||
| *tiktik | ‘separate grain from chaff’ |
||
| *tiktík | ‘spy, inform on someone’ |
||
| *tikuq | ‘k.o. bird’ |
||
| *tileŋ | ‘piercing sound’ |
||
| *tiltil | ‘rap or tap lightly’ |
||
| *timtim | ‘sip, taste slightly’ |
||
| *tinduk | ‘large cooking banana or plantain variety’ |
||
| *tin(e)qaw | ‘clear (of water), pure (of water)’ |
||
| *tiŋab | ‘notch, nick’ |
||
| *tiŋab-an | ‘notch or nick something’ |
||
| *tiŋal | ‘force apart, at with a wedge, force something into someone’s mouth’ |
||
| *tiŋén | ‘look, sight, see’ |
||
| *tiŋeR | ‘sound, voice’ |
||
| *tiŋkáb | ‘pry open’ |
||
| *tiŋkab-én | ‘pried open’ |
||
| *típun | ‘assemble, come together (of people), bring together (of things)’ |
||
| *tipuq | ‘picking of fruit, falling out of teeth’ |
||
| *tiqad | ‘bend backward (as when standing on tiptoes)’ |
||
| *tiq(e)pas | ‘cut off with one stroke’ |
||
| *tiq(e)ris | ‘urine, urinate’ |
||
| *tíqiŋ | ‘decant, pour liquid out for drinking’ |
||
| *tiqís | ‘put up with, endure, patient’ |
||
| *tisaq | ‘k.o. tree with bright yellow fruit that has dry flesh’; ‘Lucuma nervosa’ |
||
| *tiúk | ‘k.o. bird, probably the swamphen’ |
||
| *tiwaŋwáŋ | ‘opening, gap’ |
||
| *tiwatiw | ‘shake a stick at something’ |
||
| *tiwtiw | ‘k o bird and its call, probably the tailor bird’; ‘Orthotomus atrogularis’ |
||
| *tuaŋ | ‘carry a load between two people’ |
||
| *tubág | ‘short-tempered’ |
||
| *tubaR | ‘answer’ |
||
| *tubúg | ‘wallow in mud’ |
||
| *tubul | ‘send someone on an errand’ |
||
| *tubuy | ‘send for, allow to go’ |
||
| *tud(e)lúk | ‘pierce (as with a needle)’ |
||
| *tudem | ‘dark, discolored’ |
||
| *tudul | ‘give’ |
||
| *tugen | ‘deliver, send something to someone’ |
||
| *tugíq | ‘lesser yam’; ‘Dioscorea sp.’ |
||
| *tugtug-én | ‘knock on something, play a musical instrument’ |
||
| *tuhuk | ‘string (as fish or beads)’ |
||
| *tukák | ‘k.o. loud frog’ |
||
| *tukal | ‘prop, supporting beam in house’ |
||
| *tukaq | ‘beak, bill, peck (of birds), bite (of a snake)’ |
||
| *tuláy | ‘bridge’ |
||
| *tulay-an | ‘bridge or span, build a bridge across something’ |
||
| *tulduq | ‘point, indicate, point out, instruct’ |
||
| *tul(e)dek | ‘mark made with fingertip’ |
||
| *tuleŋ | ‘deaf’ |
||
| *tuliŋan | ‘k.o. mackerel’; ‘Rastrelliger spp.’ |
||
| *tulúd | ‘push something to start it moving, accompany someone to help them start a journey’ |
||
| *tumbalik | ‘inverted, reversed, upside-down’ |
||
| *túnaw | ‘melt, dissolve’ |
||
| *tunaw-en | ‘melt, dissolve’ |
||
| *tunay | ‘thorn in the flesh’ |
||
| *tundaq | ‘lead, conduct, escort’ |
||
| *tundek | ‘poke (as with finger)’ |
||
| *tuŋaw | ‘k.o. plant’; ‘Astronia spp., Melastomataceae’ |
||
| *tuŋel | ‘tree stump’ |
||
| *tuŋgíl | ‘clitoris’ |
||
| *tu(ŋ)kab-án | ‘for force something open or out of its position’ |
||
| *tuŋkaq | ‘sleepy, drowsy’ |
||
| *tuŋkúl | ‘about, concerning’ |
||
| *tuntún | ‘lower, let something down (as with a rope)’ |
||
| *tunuh-en | ‘roasted by someone’ |
||
| *tunuR | ‘sound, voice’ |
||
| *tupád | ‘fulfill a promise, comply with a wish’ |
||
| *tupáj | ‘match, form a pair’ |
||
| *tupíq | ‘fold, crease’ |
||
| *tupúk | ‘over-ripe, beginning to rot’ |
||
| *tuq(e)maw | ‘suddenly appear, come into view suddenly or partially’ |
||
| *tuqun | ‘put on or over something’ |
||
| *tuRauk | ‘crow (of a rooster)’ |
||
| *turiq | ‘circumcision’ |
||
| *tuRsúk | ‘skewer something so as to pick it up without touching it’ |
||
| *tustus | ‘roll up a leaf (as a tobacco leaf)’ |
||
| *tustús | ‘hang down, lower’ |
||
| *tútuk | ‘aim a weapon at’ |
||
| *tútuq | ‘interjection used to call a dog’ |
||
| *tutuy | ‘penis of a little boy’ |
||
| *tuyuq | ‘point at, aim for, intend to do something, do something intentionally’ |
||
| *úba | ‘naked’ |
||
| *ubus | ‘finish, consume, use up’ |
||
| *udip | ‘patch a hole in a net or mat’ |
||
| *ugbús | ‘tip or shoot of growing plant’ |
||
| *ugtu | ‘zenith, noon, mid-day’ |
||
| *ukap | ‘pull off, remove covering’ |
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| *úkit | ‘remove something from an attached position’ |
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| *ulaqul | ‘hypersensitive, weeping easily’ |
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| *ulayan | ‘k.o. tree’ |
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| *ules | ‘blanket’ |
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| *ulitáu | ‘bachelor, young unmarried man’ |
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| *umah | ‘kiss’ |
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| *umah-an | ‘kiss someone’ |
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| *umat | ‘inquire about, mention someone’ |
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| *umaw | ‘mute, dumb’ |
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| *unab | ‘wash rice or plants preparatory to cooking’ |
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| *unah-an | ‘first’ |
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| *unah-unah | ‘precede, go before’ |
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| *uñat | ‘stretch, straighten out’ |
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| *uñat-en | ‘stretched, straightened out’ |
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| *úŋur | ‘moan, growl’ |
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| *úŋut | ‘coconut shell drinking cup or dipper’ |
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| *unuŋ | ‘fixed, constant, steady, forever’ |
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| *upas | ‘fiber of banana stalk’ |
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| *upaw | ‘bald’ |
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| *urag | ‘sexual indulgence, orgy’ |
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| *uRis | ‘albino, unnaturally white’ |
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| *urit | ‘stripe, streak, line’ |
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| *usauR | ‘go downstream, go with the current’ |
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| *usay | ‘explain, elucidate, talk through a problem’ |
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| *usiŋ | ‘charcoal’ |
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| *útas | ‘keep on doing something, continue in one’s ways’ |
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| *úyaŋ | ‘polite term of address to an older woman (?)’ |
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| *uyáŋ-en | ‘address a younger woman politely’ |
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| *uyaw | ‘mock, ridicule, jeer at’ |
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| *uyaw-en | ‘mock, ridicule, jeer at’ |
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| *uyun | ‘agree’ |
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| *wáak | ‘crow’ |
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| *wadwad | ‘distribute, spead out evenly’ |
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| *wagwág | ‘rice variety’ |
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| *wagwág | ‘shake something vigorously (as a sack to remove the contents)’ |
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| *wákaŋ | ‘walk with large strides’ |
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| *wakas | ‘finish, end’ |
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| *wakas-án | ‘loosen, undo, uncover’ |
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| *wákat | ‘scatter, strew about’ |
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| *waksí | ‘shake off, flick off’ |
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| *wali | ‘lecture someone’ |
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| *walís | ‘sweep, broom’ |
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| *walu(h)-an | ‘group of eight’ |
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| *walwál | ‘work (object, instrument) from side to side’ |
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| *walwáR | ‘work (object, instrument) from side to side’ |
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| *waŋáwaŋ | ‘wide open space’ |
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| *waŋwáŋ | ‘gaping expanse’ |
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| *wáqwaq | ‘mouth of a river’ |
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| *warák | ‘scatter, strew’ |
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| *wáras | ‘distribute, deal out’ |
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| *waság | ‘scatter things about’ |
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| *wasay wasay | ‘k.o. insect’ |
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| *wasíwas | ‘wave back and forth (hand, flag)’ |
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| *waswás | ‘shake something, rinse clothes by shaking in clear water’ |
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| *waswás | ‘tear apart something that one has made, undo’ |
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| *watak-watak | ‘scattered about’ |
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| *wat(e)nág | ‘scatter, disperse’ |
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| *watwát | ‘widen a hole in something’ |
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| *waywáy | ‘dangle, hang down loosely’ |
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| *weswés | ‘whirl, spin around’ |
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| *wigwíg | ‘shake, shake something’ |
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| *wíqwiq | ‘slit open’ |
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| *wisik | ‘sprinkling or spraying’ |
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| *witwít | ‘chirp’ |
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| *witwít | ‘shake, wave (hand, something in the hand)’ |
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| *wiwí | ‘shrill whistle or chirrup’ |
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| *yabyáb | ‘winnow by fanning’ |
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| *yadyád | ‘grate or shred foodstuffs’ |
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| *yadyad-án | ‘coconut grater’ |
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| *yagyág | ‘trot (of a horse), jog (of a person)’ |
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| *yahuŋ | ‘bowl or wide cup’ |
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| *yakál | ‘Philippine mahogony’; ‘Shorea or Hopea sp.’ |
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| *yamyám | ‘talk excessively, or in a rapid, meaningless stream’ |
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| *yapyáp | ‘winnow by fanning’ |
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| *yapyap-an | ‘winnow by fanning’ |
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| *yátab | ‘small hand knife for harvesting rice’ |
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| *yawyaw | ‘move the mouth in eating’ |
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| *yegyeg | ‘shake, as a tree to bring down fruit’ |
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| *yekyek | ‘armpit’ |
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| *yekyek | ‘coughing fit’ |
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| *yugyúg | ‘shake, as a tree to bring down fruit fruit’ |
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| *yukúq | ‘stoop, bend down’ |
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| *yukús | ‘bend down’ |
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| *yukyuk | ‘stab’ |
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| *yuŋyúŋ | ‘hang the head, look downward’ |