OUTOFPAPUA database: Lexicons of the West Papuan language area

Blust & Trussel (2019f): Proto-Oceanic

Original citation: Blust, Robert and Stephen Trussel. 2019. Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition. URL: www.trussel2.com/ACD
Notes on this source: Edited by Allahverdi Verdizade

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Total entries: 2637
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Headword IPA Glosses
*<in>

‘perfective marker’ (eng)

*-a

‘3sg. object’ (eng)

*-a

‘imperative suffix’ (eng)

*a

‘article’ (eng)

*a

‘conjunction: and’ (eng)

*a

‘exclamation, interjection’ (eng)

*a

‘hesitation particle’ (eng)

*a

‘ligature’ (eng)

*a-

‘adjectival prefix’ (eng)

*abi

‘take hold of, grasp’ (eng)

*abit

‘hold, get, take’ (eng)

*abu

‘grandparent’ (eng)

*abut

‘pull up, root up’ (eng)

*acan

‘name’ (eng)

*acok

‘sniff, kiss’ (eng)

*adom

‘think, understand’ (eng)

*agup

‘pick up with both hands’ (eng)

*ai

‘anaphoric or relative particle: there, previously mentioned place’ (eng)

*ai

‘interjection, exclamation of surprise, incredulity, etc.’ (eng)

*akaR

‘root’ (eng)

*ake

‘tree sp.’ (eng)

*akot

‘point out, show, teach’ (eng)

*aku

‘1sg nominative, I’ (eng)

*akup

‘cover’ (eng)

*ala

‘take, get, fetch, obtain, marry’ (eng)

*alali

‘halibut, sole, flounder’ (eng)

*alap

‘fetch, get, take’ (eng)

*alaq

‘fetch, get, take’ (eng)

*aliq

‘move, change place’ (eng)

*aluca

‘paddle’ (eng)

*aluluŋ

‘howl (of dogs)’ (eng)

*aluŋ

‘shade, shadow’ (eng)

*aluton

‘firewood’ (eng)

*amatu

‘double-headed parrotfish’ (eng)

*amax

‘father’ (eng)

*ami

‘1pl. excl. nominative pronoun, we (exclusive)’ (eng)

*-an

‘verbal suffix marking locative voice, nominal suffix marking location’ (eng)

*-ana

‘attributive suffix’ (eng)

*ana<ŋa>ican

‘when? (past)’ (eng)

*añam

‘plait (mats, baskets, etc.)’ (eng)

*ane

‘insect of the order Isoptera: termite, white ant’ (eng)

*aŋak

‘out of breath, gasping’ (eng)

*aŋi

‘sharp’ (eng)

*aŋin

‘wind’ (eng)

*aŋin-aŋin

‘gust, draft, current of air’ (eng)

*aŋit

‘anger’ (eng)

*aŋo

‘turmeric’ (eng); ‘Curcuma longa’ (lat)

*aŋo-aŋo-ana

‘yellow’ (eng)

*aŋom

‘stench’ (eng)

*aŋusu

‘spit, spittle’ (eng)

*anu

‘thing whose name is unknown’ (eng)

*a-nu-ku

‘my unnamed thing: mine’ (eng)

*añuliŋ

‘fruit-bearing plant’ (eng); ‘Pisonia umbellifera’ (lat)

*a-nu-mu

‘your unnamed thing: yours’ (eng)

*anu-ña

‘his/her unnamed thing: his/hers’ (eng)

*a-nusa

‘small island, islet’ (eng)

*apa

‘what?’ (eng)

*apa apa

‘something, anything, everything’ (eng)

*api

‘fire’ (eng)

*apic

‘twins of the same sex’ (eng)

*apit

‘pinch, squeeze’ (eng)

*apo

‘high, lofty’ (eng)

*apon

‘fishing line’ (eng)

*apuk

‘dust’ (eng)

*apuŋ apuŋ

‘floating’ (eng)

*ari

‘demonstrative: this (?)’ (eng)

*ariRi

‘housepost’ (eng)

*aRu

‘shore tree’ (eng); ‘Casuarina equisetifolia’ (lat)

*aru

‘many, much’ (eng)

*asam

‘kind of fern’ (eng)

*asaŋ

‘gills’ (eng)

*asaŋ-i

‘gills of’ (eng)

*asaq

‘sharpen, rub, grate’ (eng)

*asaq-i

transitive. ‘sharpen’ (eng)

*asio

‘sneeze’ (eng)

*asok

‘plant in holes in the ground’ (eng)

*asu

‘fetch water, scoop up water’ (eng)

*ata

‘1pl. incl. possessive pronoun: our’ (eng)

*atas

‘high, tall’ (eng)

*atas-ña

‘its top’ (eng)

*atay

‘death’ (eng)

*ati

‘negative marker’ (eng)

*a-tu

‘away, outward, forward, onward, towards the hearer’ (eng)

*atu

‘away from speaker’ (eng)

*au

‘dew’ (eng)

*au

‘yes’ (eng)

*aura

‘type of wind’ (eng)

*awa

‘exclamation of surprise’ (eng)

*awe

‘wave’ (eng)

*aya

‘exclamation of annoyance, surprise, etc.’ (eng)

*aya

‘father’s sister, father’s sister’s husband’ (eng)

*ba

‘down, under’ (eng)

*ba

‘or, because, but, perhaps’ (eng)

*baba

‘father’ (eng)

*babak

‘break, chip off’ (eng)

*babak

‘peel off bark’ (eng)

*babak

‘strike, chip stone’ (eng)

*baban

‘board, plank, side of canoe’ (eng)

*babaŋ

‘fish sp.’ (eng)

*babaŋ

‘hole, cavern’ (eng)

*babaR

‘side of the face, cheek, side planks of a canoe’ (eng)

*bak

‘strike against’ (eng)

*baka

‘conjunction: despite, nonetheless’ (eng)

*baka

‘kind of banyan tree’ (eng); ‘Ficus sp.’ (lat)

*bakewak

‘shark’ (eng)

*baki

‘break off with the hand’ (eng)

*baku

‘scab, crust’ (eng)

*bakul

‘fish: triggerfish sp.(?)’ (eng)

*bala

‘fence, animal pen, fortification’ (eng)

*balai

‘fish sp.’ (eng)

*balai

‘wild yam’ (eng); ‘Dioscorea sp.’ (lat)

*balalan

‘slant, lean over (as a tree)’ (eng)

*balaŋ

‘side, part’ (eng)

*balaŋi

‘fish sp.’ (eng)

*balapaq

‘mid-rib of coconut leaf’ (eng)

*balaR

‘pale, albino’ (eng)

*bali

‘answer, oppose, opposite side or part, partner, friend, enemy’ (eng)

*bali

‘fish sp.’ (eng)

*bali

‘repay, replace, take revenge’ (eng)

*baliw

‘cluster (c) == don mourning apparel, mourn for a deceased spouse’ (eng)

*baluc

‘dove sp.’ (eng)

*balun

‘mix’ (eng)

*balut

‘mix’ (eng)

*banaRu

‘Indian tulip tree’ (eng); ‘Thespesia populnea’ (lat)

*baŋi

‘bait’ (eng)

*banic

‘wing’ (eng)

*baniŋ

‘bait’ (eng)

*baqoRu

‘new, recent, young, fresh’ (eng)

*baRa

‘fence, animal pen, fortification’ (eng)

*baRa

‘storage shelf above the hearth’ (eng)

*bara

‘fence, animal pen, fortification’ (eng)

*baRa baRa

‘crosswise’ (eng)

*barabara

‘crosspiece’ (eng)

*baraŋ

‘marker of indefiniteness: if, perhaps, hopefully, or, any’ (eng)

*baRat

‘crosswise beam or shelf’ (eng)

*barat

‘crosswise beam or shelf’ (eng)

*bari

‘nibble at, gnaw at something hard’ (eng)

*baRoq

‘boil’ (eng)

*basu

‘anger, angry’ (eng)

*bataŋ

‘tree trunk, fallen tree, fallen log, stem of a plant, body, corpse, self, bridge of the nose, most important or preeminent thing, main course of a river, mushroom or bracket fungus that grows on tree trunks or decaying logs’ (eng)

*bati

‘canine tooth (?)’ (eng)

*batu

‘kidney’ (eng)

*batu

‘throw’ (eng)

*batu-batu

‘stony, gravel’ (eng)

*batuk

‘head’ (eng)

*bayan

‘bait’ (eng)

*bebe

‘butterfly, butterfly fish’ (eng); ‘Chaetodon spp.’ (lat)

*beka

‘split, crack open’ (eng)

*bekas

‘defecate’ (eng)

*bekeR

‘defecate’ (eng)

*bele

‘shrub sp., kind of shrub’ (eng)

*belu

‘bend, curve’ (eng)

*beŋaŋ

‘disconcert, confuse’ (eng)

*benu

‘coconut husk’ (eng)

*beRŋi-na

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

*beta

‘breadfruit’ (eng)

*bia

‘sandy soil (?)’ (eng)

*bia-bia

‘limestone sediment (?)’ (eng)

*bibi

‘bivalve mollusk sp., lucine clam’ (eng)

*bibit

‘pinch, squeeze’ (eng)

*bikit

‘attached to’ (eng)

*biko

‘bent, twisted’ (eng)

*bila

‘lightning’ (eng)

*bilac

‘exposed to the sun’ (eng)

*bilak

‘special talent’ (eng)

*bilu-bilu

‘large marine fish, jackfish or trevally’ (eng)

*binam

‘bird, hornbill’ (eng)

*binaR

‘flash of light’ (eng)

*biŋa

‘kind of shellfish’ (eng)

*binit

‘carry’ (eng)

*binu

‘fold over, fold up’ (eng)

*bio

‘type of shell, possibly nautilus’ (eng)

*biRa

‘roe, eggs of fish or crustacean’ (eng)

*biRaq

‘semen, smegma, grease’ (eng)

*biRas

‘semen, smegma, grease’ (eng)

*birat

‘scar’ (eng)

*bisik

‘splash, spatter, splatter’ (eng)

*bitak

‘mud’ (eng)

*bitiq

‘small, few’ (eng)

*bito

‘navel’ (eng)

*bituŋ

‘bamboo sp.’ (eng)

*bobo

‘foolish, fool’ (eng)

*boboc

‘bundle (of firewood, etc.)’ (eng)

*boboŋ

‘butterfly’ (eng)

*boboŋ

‘overcrowd’ (eng)

*boboŋ

‘shut off’ (eng)

*boi

‘call, summon’ (eng)

*boi

‘divide, share, portion (as of food)’ (eng)

*boi

‘smell, odor’ (eng)

*bolo bolo

‘small dark surgeonfish’ (eng); ‘possibly Ctenochaetus’ (lat)

*boma

‘kind of seaweed used to paint canoes’ (eng)

*bona

‘pigeon sp.’ (eng)

*bona

‘smell, odor, scent’ (eng)

*boŋa

‘speak sharply or in anger’ (eng)

*boŋi

‘night’ (eng)

*boŋi-a

‘overcome by night, benighted’ (eng)

*boŋol

‘mute, unable to speak’ (eng)

*bonor

‘stopped up, plugged’ (eng)

*bonor

‘true, correct, upright’ (eng)

*bonot

‘closed, dammed up’ (eng)

*boñu

‘hidden from view’ (eng)

*boRok

‘pig’ (eng)

*bosuR

‘satisfied from having eaten enough, satiated’ (eng)

*boto

‘short’ (eng)

*botu

‘explode’ (eng)

*bou

‘smell, odor’ (eng)

*bou roŋoR

‘smell’ (eng)

*(bp)ala

‘dried out’ (eng)

*(bp)ala

‘fight’ (eng)

*(bp)ala(bp)ala

‘fish sp.’ (eng)

*(bp)alu

‘tree sp.’ (eng)

*(bp)una

‘plant used as fish poison’ (eng)

*bua

‘flower, blossom’ (eng)

*bua

‘foam, bubbles, froth’ (eng)

*bua bua

‘species of climber used for decorative purposes’ (eng)

*bual bual

‘species of palm used for making spears and bows, palm-wood spear or bow’ (eng)

*buaq

‘areca nut and palm, heart’ (eng)

*buaq na batu

‘round stone (?)’ (eng)

*buaq ni bities

‘calf of the leg’ (eng)

*buat

‘make, create, invent’ (eng)

*buat-an

‘made, created’ (eng)

*bubu

‘constellation: The Southern Cross’ (eng)

*bubu

‘grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal term of address)’ (eng)

*bubu

‘plant used for perfuming the body’ (eng)

*bubu

‘rub on’ (eng)

*bubu

‘trigger fish’ (eng); ‘Balistes sp.’ (lat)

*bubuni

‘smear, paint over’ (eng)

*bubuR

‘drive pigs into a net’ (eng)

*buburu

‘grass, grow densely (as grass)’ (eng)

*bubu₈

‘sing, song’ (eng)

*bukal

‘bubble up (as spring water)’ (eng)

*bukbuk-an

‘attacked by wood worms’ (eng)

*buku

‘node (as in bamboo or sugarcane), joint, knuckle, knot in wood, knot in string or rope’ (eng); ‘Mons veneris’ (lat)

*buku ni lima

‘wrist bone’ (eng)

*buku ni waqay

‘ankle bone’ (eng)

*buku-an

‘have joints, have protuberances’ (eng)

*buku-buku

‘node, joint, knuckle, swelling under the skin’ (eng)

*bula

‘kindle, light a fire, set ablaze’ (eng)

*bulat

‘open the eyes wide, stare with round eyes’ (eng)

*buli buli

‘fish sp.’ (eng)

*buliŋ

‘turn over, roll over, transform, upside down’ (eng)

*buliq

‘cowrie shell’ (eng); ‘Cypraea mauritiana’ (lat)

*bulit

‘caulk, fill up a hole or crack with viscous material’ (eng)

*bulos

‘turn around, turn back’ (eng)

*bu(lR)i

‘roll on the ground, wallow’ (eng)

*bulu ni babuy

‘pig bristles, type of sea urchin with thin black spines’ (eng)

*buluŋ

‘dark green, dark blue’ (eng)

*buluq

‘type of slender bamboo’ (eng); ‘Schizostachyum spp.’ (lat)

*bulut

‘birdlime’ (eng)

*bulut

‘hairy filaments of certain plants, husk’ (eng)

*buna

‘fish sp.’ (eng)

*bunaR

‘batfish’ (eng); ‘Platax spp.’ (lat)

*bune

‘fruit dove’ (eng); ‘probably Treron spp.’ (lat)

*bune bune

‘greenish fruit dove’ (eng)

*buŋa

‘kind of porous, white, round and flat coral growth’ (eng)

*buŋi

‘night, darkness’ (eng)

*buntu buntu

‘small hill, knoll’ (eng)

*buntut

‘rear end of an animal’ (eng)

*bunut

‘coconut husk, coir’ (eng)

*buqi

‘pour water on, douse (as a fire)’ (eng)

*bura

‘discharge of pus’ (eng)

*buraq

‘foam, bubbles, bubble up’ (eng)

*buRat

‘tree with sweet-smelling flowers’ (eng); ‘Fagraea berteroana’ (lat)

*buRiq

‘wash (as the hands)’ (eng)

*buRit

‘hind part, rear, back’ (eng)

*burit

‘hind part, rear, back’ (eng)

*buRu

‘blow’ (eng)

*burul

‘blunt, dull’ (eng)

*busa

‘container for solid objects, package’ (eng)

*busa

‘foam, suds’ (eng)

*buta

‘affliction of the eyes’ (eng)

*buta

‘hole, opening, vagina’ (eng)

*butaq

‘earth, soil’ (eng)

*buto

‘navel’ (eng)

*butu

‘group, crowd, flock, school, bunch, cluster’ (eng)

*butul

‘break, cut’ (eng)

*buu

‘conch shell trumpet’ (eng)

*buu

‘corner’ (eng)

*buu

‘cough’ (eng)

*bwala

‘shell, peeling, skin’ (eng)

*bwara

‘shell, peeling, skin’ (eng)

*bweka

‘fruit bat, flying fox’ (eng)

*bwisi

‘finger (?)’ (eng)

*Cenek

‘thorn’ (eng)

*cupcup

‘sip, suck’ (eng)

*-da

‘1pl. incl. nominative and hortative pronoun’ (eng)

*-da

‘1pl. incl. possessive suffix’ (eng)

*da

‘1pl. incl. subject prefix and possessive suffix, we (incl.), our (incl.)’ (eng)

*dabuk

‘pound, beat’ (eng)

*damwa

‘forehead’ (eng)

*daŋdaŋ

‘warm oneself or something near a fire, heat or dry near a fire’ (eng)

*daŋkeq

‘branch, twig’ (eng)

*daReq

‘soil, probably clay’ (eng)

*daRi

‘fish’ (eng); ‘Scomberoides sp.’ (lat)

*datu

‘lineage priest (?)’ (eng)

*daula

‘frigate bird’ (eng)

*diqaq

‘good’ (eng)

*drali

‘slitgong’ (eng)

*d(r)amut

‘lime spatula’ (eng)

*draŋi

‘day’ (eng)

*draRaq

‘blood’ (eng)

*draula

‘frigate bird’ (eng)

*drolom

‘dark’ (eng)

*droŋan

‘with, in conjunction with, companion’ (eng)

*drulas

‘slip or slide’ (eng)

*druru

‘owl’ (eng)

*e

‘numeral prefix, cardinal numeral marker’ (eng)

*e boŋi

‘it is getting dark, night is coming on’ (eng)

*eŋap

‘gasp for breath’ (eng)

*esa

‘one’ (eng)

*galu

‘stir, mix’ (eng)

*gama

‘morning star?’ (eng)

*ga-pica

‘how much?, how many?’ (eng)

*garus

‘scratch’ (eng)

*gem

‘hold in the fist’ (eng)

*gerit

‘sound of scraping or scratching’ (eng)

*gomol

‘squeeze, hold tight, clutch’ (eng)

*gomuR

‘hold liquid in the mouth, gargle’ (eng)

*-gu

‘1sg possessive pronoun, my’ (eng)

*gurat

‘tree with roots that furnish a red dye’ (eng); ‘Morinda citrifolia’ (lat)

*guru

‘noise, tumult’ (eng)

*guRuŋ

‘deep rumbling sound, thunder’ (eng)

*h<um>una

‘do or go first’ (eng)

*ha

‘locative particle’ (eng)

*habaRat

‘southwest monsoon’ (eng)

*hawak

‘waist, back of the waist’ (eng)

*hebun

‘group, pile’ (eng)

*hedaw

‘stop, cease (of rain)’ (eng)

*heŋak

‘out of breath’ (eng)

*hesi

‘flesh, meat’ (eng)

*hi-

‘originate from, come from’ (eng)

*-i

‘local transitive suffix’ (eng)

*i

‘exclamation of wonder, disgust, etc.’ (eng)

*i

‘generic marker of location in space or time’ (eng)

*i

‘numeral prefix’ (eng)

*i

‘personal article’ (eng)

*i-

‘verbal prefix marking instrumental or benefactive voice’ (eng)

*i papo

‘above, on the top’ (eng)

*i rarom

‘below, beneath, inside’ (eng)

*-ia

‘transitive and imperative suffix’ (eng)

*ia

‘3sg. personal pronoun: he, she, him, her, it’ (eng)

*ia

‘this, here, that, there’ (eng)

*i-aku

‘1sg., I, me’ (eng)

*ia-ni

‘this, here’ (eng)

*iaqi

‘demonstrative marker of uncertain meaning’ (eng)

*ias

‘particle of doubt or interrogation’ (eng)

*iba iba

‘remainder, surplus’ (eng)

*ibe

‘mat’ (eng)

*ibo

‘edible sea worm’ (eng); ‘Sipunculus spp.’ (lat)

*ibu

‘container for liquids’ (eng)

*ican

‘when?’ (eng)

*icud

‘budge, shift, move aside’ (eng)

*icuŋ

‘nose’ (eng)

*ihi

‘exclamation of surprise, etc.’ (eng)

*ika-lima

‘fifth (ordinal numeral)’ (eng)

*ikan

‘fish’ (eng)

*ika-onom

‘sixth’ (eng)

*ika-pitu

‘seventh’ (eng)

*ika-siwa

‘ninth’ (eng)

*ika-tolu

‘third’ (eng)

*ika-walu

‘eighth (ordinal)’ (eng)

*ike

‘mallet for beating bark into bark cloth’ (eng)

*iko

‘2sg., you’ (eng)

*ikuR

‘tail’ (eng)

*ikuR ikuR

‘trailing behind’ (eng)

*ila

‘wild, timorous, shy’ (eng)

*ilap

‘flicker (of flames)’ (eng)

*i-laur

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

*ili

‘thwarts of a canoe’ (eng)

*i-lima

‘five’ (eng)

*iliŋ

‘pour’ (eng)

*ilo

‘inside, interior, thoughts, emotions, memories’ (eng)

*ilo

‘look at’ (eng)

*ima

‘kind of pandanus with leaves useful for plaiting’ (eng)

*imi

‘2p. pl. pronoun: you’ (eng)

*i-na

‘that, there’ (eng)

*ina

‘mother, mother's sister, female animal, largest member of a set’ (eng)

*ina ama

‘parents’ (eng)

*inap

‘sneer, laugh in derision’ (eng)

*iŋaR

‘loud (of the voice), voice’ (eng)

*i-ni

‘this, here’ (eng)

*inum

‘act of drinking’ (eng)

*inum-ia

‘drink it! (imper.)’ (eng)

*inum-inum

‘drink (repetitive, frequentative, etc.)’ (eng)

*io

‘spear’ (eng)

*i-palu

‘make war on’ (eng)

*ipaR-

‘sibling-in-law of the same sex’ (eng)

*ipi

‘blow’ (eng)

*ipi

‘the ‘Tahitian chestnut’’ (eng); ‘Inocarpus fagiferus or I. edulis’ (lat)

*ipon

‘tooth’ (eng)

*ipoR

‘saliva in the mouth, drool, desire, crave, lust for’ (eng)

*ipos

‘cockroach’ (eng)

*ipu-

‘hair, feather’ (eng)

*ipun

‘cover with earth’ (eng)

*iput

‘pull out, uproot’ (eng)

*iqi

‘exclamation of surprise, pain, etc.’ (eng)

*ira

‘they, them’ (eng)

*iri

‘that, there’ (eng)

*iRimo

‘tree’ (eng); ‘probably Octomeles spp.’ (lat)

*iriŋ

‘follow, accompany’ (eng)

*irir

‘fan’ (eng)

*iro iro

‘reflect, shine’ (eng)

*iRup

‘sip (as soup)’ (eng)

*isa

‘name’ (eng)

*isa

‘one’ (eng)

*i-sai

‘who?’ (eng)

*isi

‘hiss’ (eng)

*isi

‘peel, strip off’ (eng)

*isi

‘scrape (as coconut meat from a shell), grate (as coconut meat)’ (eng)

*isop

‘suck, inhale’ (eng)

*isud

‘budge, shift, move’ (eng)

*isug

‘clean oneself by scrubbing’ (eng)

*ita

‘we (incl.)’ (eng)

*iti

‘there, that’ (eng)

*iu

‘bathe’ (eng)

*iu

‘spear’ (eng)

*jalan

‘path, road, way’ (eng)

*jama

‘mate, companion, like, similar to’ (eng)

*jaot

‘spear, harpoon’ (eng)

*jaRu

‘choral singing, blend voices in song’ (eng)

*jila

‘yardarm, sheet of a sail, sticks used to turn the sail’ (eng)

*jiŋana

‘whitebait’ (eng)

*jiwaŋ

‘gap, open space’ (eng)

*joŋjoŋ

‘cork, stopper, plug’ (eng)

*jukul

‘cornered, unable to escape’ (eng)

*jukul

‘measure vertically’ (eng)

*k<in>an

‘food, meat’ (eng)

*ka

‘(human) member of a category’ (eng)

*ka

‘2sg. subject pronoun’ (eng)

*ka

conjunctive particle. ‘and’ (eng)

*ka

‘conditional, if’ (eng)

*ka-

‘past participle/achieved state’ (eng)

*ka-

‘prefix for ordinal numerals’ (eng)

*kabak

‘beat, flap the wings’ (eng)

*kaba-kabak

‘flap the wings repeatedly’ (eng)

*kabat

‘canoes joined together lengthwise (?)’ (eng)

*kabe

‘jointed creeper which yields fiber used to make cordage and fishnets’ (eng)

*kabe

‘wing’ (eng)

*kabi

‘catch (as in a trap)’ (eng)

*kabit

‘adhere, stick to’ (eng)

*kaboRa

‘catfish’ (eng)

*kabuŋ

‘stomach of an animal’ (eng)

*kada

‘stalk or cluster of fruit’ (eng)

*kadapuR

‘rain cloud’ (eng)

*kadik

‘large black ant with painful sting, probably bulldog ant’ (eng)

*kadoRa

‘cuscus, phalanger’ (eng)

*kadro

‘neck’ (eng)

*kadrut

‘scratch an itch’ (eng)

*kaen

‘eat’ (eng)

*ka-epat

‘fourth’ (eng)

*kai

‘(human) member of a category’ (eng)

*ka-ica

‘when?’ (eng)

*kak

‘sound of a cackle, loud laugh, etc.’ (eng)

*kaka

‘elder sibling of the same sex’ (eng)

*kaka

‘fibrous integument at the base of coconut fronds’ (eng)

*kaka

‘flaky skin disease’ (eng)

*kakakₐ

‘cackle’ (eng)

*kakap

‘stammer, stutter’ (eng)

*kakaq

‘split’ (eng)

*kakar-i

‘scratch up the earth (as a fowl)’ (eng)

*kakas

‘scrape, scratch’ (eng)

*kakas(-i)

‘split’ (eng)

*kakas-i

‘scrape, abrade’ (eng)

*kakat-i

‘chew or bite off’ (eng)

*kakawa

‘goby, blenny’ (eng)

*kalapo

‘rat, mouse’ (eng)

*kalaqabusi

‘shrub’ (eng); ‘Acalypha sp.’ (lat)

*kali ~ keli

‘dig’ (eng)

*kalia

‘large fish, probably grouper’ (eng)

*kalik

‘wooden headrest’ (eng)

*kalika

‘rock cod, grouper’ (eng)

*kalo

‘neck’ (eng)

*kalu

‘stir, mix’ (eng)

*kamaliR

‘bachelor’s house, men’s house’ (eng)

*kamami

‘1p. excl., we’ (eng)

*kamaRi

‘fish, rainbow runner’ (eng); ‘Elagatis bipinnulata’ (lat)

*kamatu

‘double-headed parrotfish’ (eng)

*kamay

‘hand’ (eng)

*kambuR

‘sprinkle, scatter (seed, etc.)’ (eng)

*k-ami

‘1pl. excl. nominative pronoun, we (exclusive)’ (eng)

*kamisu

‘spittle, spit’ (eng)

*kamit

‘scratch’ (eng)

*kamiu

‘2pl. nominate and genitive, you all, your’ (eng)

*ka(m)pet

‘plugged, stopped, blocked’ (eng)

*kamu

‘2pl. nominative, you all’ (eng)

*kamu

‘chew, move to and fro in the mouth’ (eng)

*kamu

‘sheath of a coconut?’ (eng)

*kamwa-kamwa

‘Ficus sp.’ (eng)

*kana

‘enemy’ (eng)

*kana

‘food’ (eng)

*kana-

‘classifier for edible possession’ (eng)

*kana-kana

‘think, ponder’ (eng)

*kanam

‘sing, song’ (eng)

*kanan

‘food’ (eng)

*kanap

‘creep, crawl’ (eng)

*kanari

‘tree with edible nut, Canarium almond’ (eng); ‘Canarium commune’ (lat)

*kanarum

‘tree sp.’ (eng)

*kanase

‘fish, mullet’ (eng)

*kanawa

‘tree’ (eng); ‘Cordia spp.’ (lat)

*kanawe

‘kind of white sea bird, probably gull sp.’ (eng)

*kaŋ

‘animal sound’ (eng)

*kaŋa

‘open (as the mouth)’ (eng)

*kaŋaRi

‘tree with edible nut, Canarium almond’ (eng); ‘Canarium commune’ (lat)

*kaŋkaŋ

‘resounding sound’ (eng)

*kani

‘eat’ (eng)

*kani kani

‘eat, keep on eating’ (eng)

*kani-a

‘eat it’ (eng)

*kani-kani

‘scruffiness of the skin, dirt, dregs’ (eng)

*kanisu

‘spit at (as an insult?)’ (eng)

*kanon

‘flesh, kernel’ (eng)

*kanoŋ

‘flesh, meat, coconut flesh’ (eng)

*kanoŋ qi mata

‘eyeball’ (eng)

*kañu-kañu

‘shake (as a house in an earthquake)’ (eng)

*kañul

‘shake (as the earth in an earthquake)’ (eng)

*kañul-kañul

‘shake repeatedly’ (eng)

*kanus

‘spittle, spit’ (eng)

*kao

‘heron’ (eng); ‘probably Egretta sp.’ (lat)

*kape

‘crab taxon, probably a rock crab’ (eng); ‘Grapsidae’ (lat)

*kape

‘flutter the wings’ (eng)

*kapika

‘Malay apple’ (eng); ‘Syzygium malaccense’ (lat)

*kapiku

‘Malay apple’ (eng); ‘Syzygium malaccense’ (lat)

*kapit

‘pinch, press between, fasten thatch together with slats in roofing a house’ (eng)

*ka-pitu

‘seven times’ (eng)

*kapuq

‘ladle, dipper, scoop, cup’ (eng)

*kapuR

‘lime, calcium carbonate’ (eng)

*kapuru

‘soot’ (eng)

*kaput

‘fog, haze, mist’ (eng)

*kaput

‘tie or clasp together, button’ (eng)

*kapwa

‘belly’ (eng)

*kaq(e)pi

‘brace, splint’ (eng)

*kaqit

‘hold or pull with a hook’ (eng)

*kaRa

‘male Eclectus Parrot’ (eng); ‘Eclectus roratus’ (lat)

*ka-Rabiqi

‘evening (?)’ (eng)

*karagwam

‘seaweed, seagrass’ (eng)

*karak

‘ringworm’ (eng)

*karak

‘strong southeast trade wind’ (eng)

*kaRaka

‘crawl’ (eng)

*kaRakap

‘crab sp.’ (eng)

*kara-karawa

‘blue-green’ (eng)

*karamea

‘tongue’ (eng)

*karaŋi

‘near’ (eng)

*karani

‘near’ (eng)

*karasi

‘scrape off, peel off’ (eng)

*kaRat

‘bite’ (eng)

*karat

‘small stinging plant’ (eng); ‘perhaps Laportea interrupta’ (lat)

*kaRati

‘bite’ (eng)

*karawina

‘blue-green’ (eng)

*kaRi

‘bivalve species used as a scraper’ (eng)

*kari

‘scratch, scrape’ (eng)

*karis

‘scratch, scrape’ (eng)

*kaRo

‘scratch’ (eng)

*kaRu

‘say, tell, speak’ (eng)

*kaRu

‘swim’ (eng)

*ka-rua

‘second’ (eng)

*kaRud

‘scrape, grate, rasp’ (eng)

*kaRuki

‘sand crab’ (eng)

*kaRus

‘scrape’ (eng)

*karut

‘coconut growth stage 6: green drinking coconut’ (eng)

*kasaw

‘rafter, diagonal bamboo poles to which thatch panels are lashed’ (eng)

*kasi

‘scrape, scraper or grater made from circular bivalve shell’ (eng); ‘Asaphis spp.’ (lat)

*kasika

‘fish, large emperor’ (eng); ‘Lethrinus sp.’ (lat)

*kaso

‘coconut leaf basket’ (eng)

*kaso

‘reed’ (eng)

*kasu

‘smoke’ (eng)

*kasupe

‘rat’ (eng)

*kasusu

‘coconut crab’ (eng)

*katae

‘free side of canoe, opposite the outrigger’ (eng)

*kataman

‘door, doorway’ (eng)

*katapa

‘frigate bird’ (eng)

*katapaŋ

‘tree sp.’ (eng)

*ka-taqu

‘right hand, right side’ (eng)

*katawan

‘fish sp.’ (eng)

*kati

‘bite’ (eng)

*katiR

‘(small) outrigger canoe or canoe hull’ (eng)

*katita

‘putty nut’ (eng); ‘Parinari laurinum’ (lat)

*ka-tolu

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

*katou

‘kind of hermit crab’ (eng)

*katuk

‘knock’ (eng)

*kau

‘catch (as with a hook)’ (eng)

*kau

‘lime, coral limestone’ (eng)

*kaubebe

‘butterfly’ (eng)

*kauŋ

‘reverberate (of a sound)’ (eng)

*kauRi

‘left side’ (eng)

*kauru

‘bamboo sp.’ (eng)

*kawa-kawa

‘rock cod, grouper sp.’ (eng)

*kawar

‘crawl’ (eng)

*kawe

‘carry, carry away’ (eng)

*kawe

‘tentacles of octopus, squid, jellyfish, etc., rays of the sun’ (eng)

*kawe

‘tentacles of octopus, squid, jellyfish, etc., rays of the sun’ (eng)

*kawil

‘fishhook’ (eng)

*kawit

‘hook’ (eng)

*kayajo

‘outrigger boom’ (eng)

*kayu

‘wood, strong, stiff, penis (colloquial)’ (eng)

*kayu kayu

‘strong, tough, inflexible’ (eng)

*kayu-kayu

‘forest, wooded area’ (eng)

*keja

‘intense green or blue-green’ (eng)

*keju

‘back of the head’ (eng)

*kek

‘squawk’ (eng)

*keke

‘coil, bend’ (eng)

*keke

‘crunch, sound of crunching’ (eng)

*kekekeke

‘kind of plover and its cry’ (eng)

*ke(k)kek

‘cluck’ (eng)

*kelap

‘shine, sparkle, twinkle’ (eng)

*kelaq

‘crack, split’ (eng)

*kelas

‘peel, skin off’ (eng)

*keleŋ

‘cut into pieces’ (eng)

*keli

‘dig up’ (eng)

*ke(m)pal

‘lump, clod (as of earth)’ (eng)

*ke(m)pus

‘come to an end’ (eng)

*keŋ

‘hollow, resounding sound’ (eng)

*keŋkeŋ

‘hollow, resounding sound’ (eng)

*keŋkeŋ

‘shrink’ (eng)

*kepik

‘dent’ (eng)

*keRa

‘hawksbill turtle’ (eng); ‘Chelonia imbricata’ (lat)

*keRaŋ

‘deep reverberating sound’ (eng)

*kerap

‘shine, sparkle, twinkle’ (eng)

*keRe

‘vulva, vagina’ (eng)

*ke(R)lap

‘flash, shine’ (eng)

*keRteŋ

‘kind of striped or spotted marine fish, grouper’ (eng); ‘Epinephelus spp.’ (lat)

*keRut

‘gnaw, sound of gnawing on something’ (eng)

*kese

‘keep to oneself, different, alone’ (eng)

*kese-kese

‘varied, different (?)’ (eng)

*keteŋ

‘straighten out (of a limb, etc.)’ (eng)

*ketil

‘pinch off’ (eng)

*ki

‘allative marker: to, toward’ (eng)

*kiajo

‘outrigger boom’ (eng)

*kiak

‘squawk (as a frightened chicken)’ (eng)

*kiaw

‘puling sound of a bird’ (eng)

*kibit

‘narrow’ (eng)

*kidik

‘tap or beat lightly on’ (eng)

*kidiq

‘tickle’ (eng)

*kik

‘peep, squeak, giggle’ (eng)

*kikau

‘Bismarck scrub fowl’ (eng); ‘Megapodius eremita’ (lat)

*kiki

‘kingfisher’ (eng); ‘Halcyon spp.’ (lat)

*kiki

‘small, stunted’ (eng)

*kikik

‘squeak (as a mouse), giggle’ (eng)

*kikir

‘file, rasp’ (eng)

*kikit

‘small, trifling’ (eng)

*kila

‘wild, skittish (as animals)’ (eng)

*kila-kila

‘wild, untamed’ (eng)

*kila-kilat

‘shine, flash repeatedly’ (eng)

*kilala

‘know (a person), recognize, acquainted with, feel, perceive’ (eng)

*kilat

‘lightning’ (eng)

*kilat

‘open the eyes wide’ (eng)

*kilep

‘glance, glimpse’ (eng)

*kili

‘turn over, dig by turning over (as rocks)’ (eng)

*kilik

‘tickle’ (eng)

*kilo

‘corner of the eye’ (eng)

*kiluŋ

‘curved, bay’ (eng)

*kiluq

‘bend, curve, bent, curved, crooked’ (eng)

*kima

‘giant clamor’ (eng); ‘Tridacna gigas’ (lat)

*kimet

‘blink, flash’ (eng)

*kinit

‘pinch, nip, pluck’ (eng)

*kipau

‘Bismarck scrub fowl’ (eng); ‘Megapodius eremita’ (lat)

*kiRa

‘bird, tern sp.’ (eng)

*kiRak

‘parrot sp.’ (eng); ‘possibly Eclectus parrot’ (lat)

*kiRam

‘axe or adze’ (eng)

*kiras

‘scar’ (eng)

*kiRe

‘pandanus, mat made from the leaves of this plant’ (eng); ‘Pandanus odoratissimus’ (lat)

*kiRe-kiRe

‘pandanus sp.’ (eng)

*kiri

‘tickle’ (eng)

*kirik

‘tickle’ (eng)

*kisog

‘twist spasmodically, wriggle’ (eng)

*k-ita

‘we (incl.)’ (eng)

*kita

‘see’ (eng)

*kitik

‘tick, make a ticking or light knocking sound’ (eng)

*kitoŋ

‘Rabbitfish’ (eng); ‘Siganus punctatus (family Siganidae)’ (lat)

*kiuk

‘peep, cheep’ (eng)

*kiuq

‘movement in coitus, sexual intercourse’ (eng)

*kiur

‘movement in coitus’ (eng)

*kiwiwi

‘shore bird: sandpiper, Pacific Golden Plover’ (eng)

*kiₐ

‘oblique case marker for singular personal nouns’ (eng)

*ko

‘2sg., you’ (eng)

*koba

‘hermit crab’ (eng)

*kobit

‘press together, pressed together’ (eng)

*kobit

‘touch’ (eng)

*kobot

‘tie by binding’ (eng)

*kobuŋ

‘swollen’ (eng)

*kodoŋ

‘straight, straighten’ (eng)

*kodos

‘go straight, straighten’ (eng)

*koe

‘2sg., you’ (eng)

*koi

‘coconut shell’ (eng)

*kojom

‘sharp pointed stick used in planting crops and in husking coconuts, digging stick, coconut husking stick’ (eng)

*kojom-i

‘dig with a digging stick, husk coconuts with a husking stick’ (eng)

*koka

‘tree’ (eng); ‘Macaranga spp., Euphorbiaceae’ (lat)

*koki

‘lame, limp’ (eng)

*koko

‘kind of house spider’ (eng)

*kokok

‘animal sound’ (eng)

*kokom

‘fist, hold in the fist’ (eng)

*kokom-i

‘clasp firmly’ (eng)

*kokop

‘enclose, shut in’ (eng)

*kokos

‘scratch, scrape’ (eng)

*komi

‘suckerfish, remora, hold on by biting’ (eng); ‘Echineis naucrates’ (lat)

*komi

‘suckerfish, remora’ (eng)

*komos

‘grip, compress, close in on’ (eng)

*koŋa

‘kind of marine fish’ (eng)

*koŋe

‘squeal (as in excitement)’ (eng)

*kop-i

‘hold close’ (eng)

*kopu

‘low cloud, mist, fog’ (eng)

*kopuR

‘agitated, of water’ (eng)

*koRa

‘wild mango’ (eng); ‘Mangifera minor’ (lat)

*koran

‘ember, glowing coal’ (eng)

*koRaŋ

‘dried up, scorched, shrivelled’ (eng)

*koraŋa

‘fish, small emperor’ (eng)

*kori

‘scrape, shave’ (eng)

*korit

‘scrape, grate (as coconut preparatory to cooking)’ (eng)

*koRo

‘pubic hair’ (eng)

*koro

‘2dl. pronoun’ (eng)

*koro

‘fortified place, village’ (eng)

*koro

‘mountain, hilltop’ (eng)

*koron

‘lie, tell a lie’ (eng)

*kororo

‘honeybee’ (eng)

*koRot

‘cut off’ (eng)

*korot

‘notch, carve’ (eng)

*kosa

‘kind of parrotfish’ (eng)

*koso

‘cough’ (eng)

*koti

‘cut, cut off’ (eng)

*kotik

‘spotted’ (eng)

*koto

‘obsidian spear point (?)’ (eng)

*kotos

‘snap, break off (as a twig)’ (eng)

*kua

‘how?, How is it?, What is the matter?’ (eng)

*kua kua

‘kind of bird: pheasant-dove?’ (eng)

*kuak

‘deep cry, bird with deep cry’ (eng)

*kubuŋ

‘maimed, amputated (of a limb)’ (eng)

*kubut

‘maimed, amputated (of a limb)’ (eng)

*kuca

‘how?’ (eng)

*kude

‘hourglass drum’ (eng)

*kudem

‘darkened by clouds, overcast’ (eng)

*kuden

‘clay cooking pot’ (eng)

*kuk

‘sound of sob, croak, etc.’ (eng)

*kuka

‘crab (generic)’ (eng)

*kukuh

‘claw, talon, fingernail’ (eng)

*kukup

‘clutch, hold tightly’ (eng)

*kukup-i

‘cover something’ (eng)

*kukuq

‘stick to, adhere firmly’ (eng)

*kukur

‘mussel sp. or spp. used as food grater or scraper’ (eng)

*kukut

‘hang, suspend’ (eng)

*kulabo

‘fish’ (eng); ‘Lethrinidae spp.’ (lat)

*kuli-kulit

‘skin disease’ (eng)

*kuliliŋ

‘round about, around, in one’s surroundings, go around’ (eng)

*kulit

‘skin, bark, peel, shell’ (eng)

*kulu

‘coconut growth stage 9: ripe, flesh hardened’ (eng)

*kuluR

‘breadfruit’ (eng)

*kulut

‘curly-haired’ (eng)

*kumaŋ

‘hermit crab’ (eng)

*kumi

‘moustache’ (eng)

*kumis

‘moustache, beard’ (eng)

*kumuR

‘gargle, rinse the mouth’ (eng)

*kumʷi

‘beard’ (eng)

*kuŋ

‘sound of cooing or barking’ (eng)

*kuŋkuŋ

‘shrink’ (eng)

*kunji

‘rub’ (eng)

*kunkun

‘shrink’ (eng)

*kunu

‘it is said, people say.....’ (eng)

*kunu

‘jealous’ (eng)

*kunut

‘pinch’ (eng)

*kupuk

‘emit smoke or steam’ (eng)

*kupuR

‘pigeon or dove sp.’ (eng)

*kupwena

‘kind of long rectangular fishing net’ (eng)

*kuRapu

‘fish, sea perch, giant rock cod, giant grouper’ (eng); ‘Epinephelus spp.’ (lat)

*kurat

‘dye produced from the Morinda citrifolia(eng)

*kuriap

‘dolphin’ (eng)

*kuRita

‘octopus’ (eng)

*kuRo

‘marine fish sp.’ (eng)

*kurom

‘overcast, darkened (as the sun)’ (eng)

*kurukuru

‘kind of dove or pigeon’ (eng)

*kuRun

‘sword grass’ (eng); ‘Imperata cylindrica’ (lat)

*kuruq

‘noise, clamor’ (eng)

*kururu

‘owl sp.’ (eng)

*kururu

‘thunder’ (eng)

*kurut

‘curly-haired’ (eng)

*kusu

‘spit’ (eng)

*kusupe

‘rat’ (eng)

*kuta

‘staple food (?)’ (eng)

*kutu

‘break, cut off, sever’ (eng)

*kutu

‘head louse, sparks from a fire, water striker (insect that walks on water)’ (eng)

*kwarara

‘shark sp.’ (eng)

*lababa

‘flat-topped coral head’ (eng)

*lagas

‘quick, energetic, strong’ (eng)

*lajam

‘familiar with, accustomed to’ (eng)

*laje

‘branching coral, coral limestone’ (eng)

*laji

‘dolphinfish’ (eng)

*laji

‘tree with poisonous sap’ (eng); ‘probably Antiaris toxicaria’ (lat)

*laka

‘basket’ (eng)

*laka

‘up, above’ (eng)

*lakar-lakar

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

*lakas

‘stride, take a step’ (eng)

*lake

‘sore, dermal irritation, wound’ (eng)

*lako

‘go’ (eng)

*lako lako

‘walking around’ (eng)

*lalak

‘trochus shell’ (eng)

*la-latoŋ

‘stinging nettle’ (eng); ‘Laportea spp.’ (lat)

*lali

‘ankle bone (?)’ (eng)

*la-lima

‘five (in counting people)’ (eng)

*laliŋ

‘ankle bone (?)’ (eng)

*lama

‘lie on a surface (of water)’ (eng)

*lama

‘type of coconut’ (eng)

*laman

‘deep, of the sea, deep sea beyond the reef’ (eng)

*la(m)bak

‘slam something down’ (eng)

*lambeg

‘throw, cast’ (eng)

*lambuk

‘knock, pound, beat’ (eng)

*lamu

‘body hair, feather’ (eng)

*lamuk

‘mosquito’ (eng)

*lamuR

‘dew’ (eng)

*laŋi

‘beach’ (eng)

*laŋi

‘up, above’ (eng)

*laŋit

‘sky’ (eng)

*laŋkaq

‘step, stride, omit or skip over’ (eng)

*la(ŋ)kas

‘spirited, energetic’ (eng)

*la(ŋ)ket

‘stick, adhere to, sticky, viscous’ (eng)

*laŋo

‘housefly’ (eng)

*laŋon

‘rollers for beaching a canoe’ (eng)

*lapa

‘big, large’ (eng)

*lapa

‘fish sp.’ (eng)

*lapa

‘skin disease: ringworm’ (eng)

*LapaR

‘flash of lightning’ (eng)

*lapar

‘broad and flat’ (eng)

*lapat

‘big, great, large’ (eng)

*lapuk

‘decayed, rotten, moldy, mildewed (of wood)’ (eng)

*laqia

‘ginger’ (eng)

*lasa

‘coconut shell drinking cup’ (eng)

*lasa

‘tame, accustomed, used to’ (eng)

*lasoR

‘testicles’ (eng)

*lasuq

‘penis’ (eng)

*latoŋ

‘stinging nettle’ (eng); ‘Laportea spp.’ (lat)

*lau

‘fish, banded sweetlips’ (eng); ‘Plectorhinchus spp.’ (lat)

*laur

‘downriver, toward the sea’ (eng)

*lawa

‘wide’ (eng)

*lawan

‘kind of long fishnet’ (eng)

*lawaq

‘dip net, scoop net’ (eng)

*lawaq

‘spider, spiderweb’ (eng)

*lawaq-lawaq

‘spider, spiderweb’ (eng)

*lawi

‘long tail feathers of bird or rooster’ (eng)

*layaR

‘sail’ (eng)

*lecit

‘squeeze out, squirt out’ (eng)

*leku

‘bend, fold, folding part of the body, curl up on the ground (of an animal’ (eng)

*le(ŋ)kaq

‘split open’ (eng)

*lepak

‘break, crack off’ (eng)

*leput

‘blow out, force out’ (eng)

*leqo

‘voice’ (eng)

*lian

‘change appearance’ (eng)

*liaŋ

‘cave, cavern’ (eng)

*lidruR

‘earthquake’ (eng)

*liki

‘little, small in size or amount’ (eng)

*liko

‘commit suicide by hanging’ (eng)

*liko

‘curve, bend, meander’ (eng)

*likos

‘wrap firmly around, encircle tightly’ (eng)

*lilim

‘run amuck’ (eng)

*liliŋ

‘askew, in a slanting direction’ (eng)

*liliŋ

‘go in a circle’ (eng)

*li-liu

‘turn around, change direction’ (eng)

*liliu

‘turn around, turn over’ (eng)

*liloq

‘whirlpool’ (eng)

*lima

‘five’ (eng)

*lima ŋa puluq

‘fifty’ (eng)

*lima-lima

‘five by five, in groups of five’ (eng)

*limas

‘bail out a canoe’ (eng)

*limut

‘moss, algae’ (eng)

*liŋ

‘word, speech’ (eng)

*liŋi

‘pour’ (eng)

*liŋi-liŋi

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

*li(n)tik

‘snap off, snapping or clicking sound’ (eng)

*lio-lio

‘brown triggerfish’ (eng); ‘Pseudobalistes fuscus’ (lat)

*lipon

‘tooth’ (eng)

*liq(e)pit

‘press between two flat surfaces’ (eng)

*liqo

‘voice’ (eng)

*liqoR

‘neck’ (eng)

*lisa

‘nit, egg of a louse’ (eng)

*liso

‘shiny, dazzling’ (eng)

*liu

‘circle round, circumvent’ (eng)

*liu

‘surpass, exceed’ (eng)

*liuS

‘circumambulate, circumvent’ (eng)

*liut

‘twist (as a limb)’ (eng)

*loan

‘endure, last a long time’ (eng)

*lobi

‘fold’ (eng)

*loguŋ

‘bend’ (eng)

*loki

‘bend, crooked’ (eng)

*lokuq

‘bending part’ (eng)

*lolop

‘overflow, inundated’ (eng)

*lolos

‘wringing, squeezing’ (eng)

*lolos-i

trans. ‘wring, squeeze out’ (eng)

*lom

‘in, on, at’ (eng)

*loma

‘flood, of sea’ (eng)

*lomiq

‘press, knead’ (eng)

*lomos

‘submerge, go under water’ (eng)

*lopoŋ

‘bury’ (eng)

*lopu

‘fish with poisonous dorsal spines’ (eng)

*loRo

‘large red tree ant’ (eng)

*loso-loso

‘bathe, swim’ (eng)

*loto

‘boil, abscess’ (eng)

*loto

‘inner self, feelings, mind’ (eng)

*luab

‘swell up (as boiling rice), boil over’ (eng)

*lua-ki

‘spit something out, vomit something’ (eng)

*luaŋ

‘hole in the ground’ (eng)

*luaq

‘spit out (food, substances alien to the body), spew’ (eng)

*lujan

‘cargo, load a canoe’ (eng)

*lukun

‘bend (as an arm or leg)’ (eng)

*luluk

‘shake something in the water’ (eng)

*lulun

‘roll up (as a mat)’ (eng)

*lulus

‘slip off’ (eng)

*luma

‘forelegs of an animal’ (eng)

*lumbar

‘set free’ (eng)

*lumiq

‘fold, hem’ (eng)

*lumu

‘oil, grease’ (eng)

*lumu

‘soft, tender, gentle’ (eng)

*lumuk

‘oily (as the hair or skin)’ (eng)

*lumut

‘moss, algae, seaweed’ (eng)

*lumut-an

‘covered with moss’ (eng)

*lumut-lumut

‘moss’ (eng)

*luŋan

‘rollers for beaching a canoe’ (eng)

*lu(ŋ)kas

‘remove, loosen, untie’ (eng)

*lupas

‘loosen, untie’ (eng)

*lupit

‘press down, crush’ (eng)

*luqaR

‘outside, wide open spaces, loose’ (eng)

*luqemit

‘fold, press’ (eng)

*lusa

‘shoot at, throw a spear at’ (eng)

*lutur

‘knee’ (eng)

*m<in>ate

‘one who has died, dead person’ (eng)

*ma-

‘stative prefix’ (eng)

*ma-buRuk

‘rotten (as meat), addled (as eggs), bad (of character)’ (eng)

*mabusuk

‘rotten, stinking’ (eng)

*ma-dajam

‘accustomed to, tame’ (eng)

*ma-dalit

‘smooth, slippery’ (eng)

*madrali

‘slippery (as wet rocks by the shore)’ (eng)

*madrar

‘ripe’ (eng)

*maga

‘stone, slingshot’ (eng)

*ma-heyaq

‘shy, embarrassed, ashamed’ (eng)

*mai

‘and’ (eng)

*mai

‘come, toward the speaker’ (eng)

*maja

‘dry up, evaporate’ (eng)

*ma-kaen

‘will eat (?)’ (eng)

*makaka

‘pry open slightly’ (eng)

*ma-kiluq

‘bent, crooked, twisted’ (eng)

*malai

‘withered, faded’ (eng)

*malala

‘village square, dancing ground’ (eng)

*malaŋ

‘misfortune, bad luck’ (eng)

*malaqe

‘public space in village’ (eng)

*malaw

1. ‘paper mulberry tree, used to make bark cloth’ (eng)

2. ‘men’s loincloth made from this material’ (eng)

*malem

‘night, darkness’ (eng)

*mali-mali

‘plant’ (eng); ‘Leea spp.’ (lat)

*mali-malip

‘laughing, smiling’ (eng)

*ma-lino

‘calm, still (of the surface of water)’ (eng)

*malip

‘laugh, smile’ (eng)

*malon

‘core of a breadfruit’ (eng)

*malua

‘soft, pliable’ (eng)

*ma-lumu

‘soft, tender, gentle’ (eng)

*maluRu

‘shade’ (eng)

*maluRu maluRu

‘shady, shaded, sheltered (?)’ (eng)

*mama

‘young child’s term for father’ (eng)

*ma-maja

‘dry up’ (eng)

*mamaq

‘chew without intending to swallow (as betel nut), premasticate food to give to an infant, premasticated food’ (eng)

*mamata

‘awake, watchful, alert’ (eng)

*ma-mate

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

*ma-mawap

‘yawn’ (eng)

*ma-mayaq

‘shy, embarrassed, ashamed’ (eng)

*m-ami

‘1pl. excl. genitive, our’ (eng)

*mamin

‘chew, taste’ (eng)

*mamin

‘fish: wrasse spp.’ (eng)

*mamis

‘sweet, fresh (of water)’ (eng)

*mana

‘conjunction: and’ (eng)

*mana

‘power in natural phenomena, thunder, storm wind’ (eng)

*ma-nacam

‘tame, docile’ (eng)

*mana-mana

‘have spiritual power’ (eng)

*mañawa

‘breathe, rest, take a ‘breather’’ (eng)

*maŋa

‘bifurcation, forking or branching’ (eng)

*maŋa

‘prenominal marker of plurality’ (eng)

*maŋan

‘eat’ (eng)

*maŋaq

‘slit, crevice’ (eng)

*maŋa-ua

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

*maŋiŋi

‘sour, spoiled (liquid)’ (eng)

*maŋsit

‘sour, rancid’ (eng)

*maŋsit

‘vile smell’ (eng)

*manipi-nipis

‘very thin’ (eng)

*ma-nipis

‘thin (of materals)’ (eng)

*manoŋi

‘fragrant, sweet-smelling’ (eng)

*mantalaq

‘morning (evening) star: Venus’ (eng)

*manuk

‘bird, any flying creature’ (eng)

*ma-nuka

‘wounded’ (eng)

*manuka

‘sea eagle’ (eng)

*manu-manuk

‘insect’ (eng)

*mañur mañur

‘float, adrift’ (eng)

*ma-nuRuq

‘lucky’ (eng)

*maosak

‘cooked, ripe’ (eng)

*ma-panas

‘warm, hot’ (eng)

*ma-panas-panas

‘warm, hot’ (eng)

*ma-paqit

‘bitter’ (eng)

*mapat

‘heavy, weighty, important’ (eng)

*mapine

‘female, woman’ (eng)

*mapo

‘heal (as a wound)’ (eng)

*ma-posaq

‘broken’ (eng)

*mapu

‘taro variety’ (eng)

*mapu

‘unpleasant odor’ (eng)

*mapua

‘tomorrow’ (eng)

*maqañur

‘floating, adrift’ (eng)

*maqasin

‘salty, brackish’ (eng)

*ma-qasiq

‘pity, have mercy on, feel compassion for’ (eng)

*maqati

‘ebb tide, dry reef’ (eng)

*ma-qetaq

‘raw, unripe, green (fruit), uncooked’ (eng)

*ma-qeti

‘low, of the tide’ (eng)

*ma-qetom

‘black’ (eng)

*ma-qosak

‘ripe, cooked, ready to eat’ (eng)

*ma-qudip

‘living, alive, grow, flourish, fresh, heal, cure, revive, recover, vital principle, soul, spirit, flame’ (eng)

*maRai

‘withered, faded’ (eng)

*maralis

‘slippery’ (eng)

*ma-ralom

‘deep’ (eng)

*ma-ramaR

‘shine, shining, bright’ (eng)

*ma-Raŋu

‘dry’ (eng)

*marapu

‘calm, still, windless’ (eng)

*ma-Rapun

‘misty, hazy, dim’ (eng)

*marau

‘southeast trade winds’ (eng)

*maRi

‘come, hither’ (eng)

*maridriŋ

‘cold’ (eng)

*maRuqane

‘male’ (eng)

*maS

‘and’ (eng)

*masak

‘ripe, cooked’ (eng)

*ma-saki-sakit

‘fall ill, become very sick’ (eng)

*masakit

‘sick, painful’ (eng)

*masakit-ia

‘fall ill, become sick’ (eng)

*ma-saŋa

‘split, forked (as a branch or path)’ (eng)

*masaŋa

‘twins’ (eng)

*masauq

‘far’ (eng)

*masedru

‘hiccup’ (eng)

*masou

‘cinnamon’ (eng)

*masuR

‘satiatiated, full (of the stomach after eating), fertile, bring forth plentifully, abundance of food’ (eng)

*mata

‘eye, face, focal point, center or most prominent part, hole, aperture, doorway, window, budding part of plant, ‘eye’ of coconut, knot in wood, sun, core of a boil, blade of a knife, awaken, operculum of a snail, mesh of a net, eye of a needle, noose of a trap, hearth, direction of the wind, head of a river, spring, source, lid, cover’ (eng)

*mata muri

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

*mata ni aŋin

‘point of the compass, direction’ (eng)

*mata ni cawa

‘channel between islands or islets’ (eng)

*mata ni ikan

‘callus on the foot’ (eng)

*mata ni kayu

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

*mata ni panaq

‘point of an arrow’ (eng)

*mata ni salan

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

*mata ni susu

‘female breast’ (eng)

*mata ni waiR

‘spring of water, source of a river’ (eng)

*mata nu bisul

‘core of a boil’ (eng)

*mata nu qalejaw

‘sun (‘eye of the day’)’ (eng)

*mata qate

‘instinct’ (eng)

*mata riki

‘fine, of the mesh of a fish net’ (eng)

*matakut

‘fear, fearful, afraid’ (eng)

*mata-mata

‘spy, scout, one who looks for possible danger ahead’ (eng)

*matan V

‘sharp’ (eng)

*mataq

‘raw, unripe’ (eng)

*ma-taqu

‘capable, able, knowledgeable’ (eng)

*ma-taqu

‘right side’ (eng)

*matau

‘axe (?)’ (eng)

*matay

‘money, payment, medium of commercial exchange’ (eng)

*m-atay m-atay

‘die in throngs, on the verge of death’ (eng)

*mate

‘die, dead’ (eng)

*mate ni pulan

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

*mate-a

‘kill’ (eng)

*mate-an

‘death’ (eng)

*mate-na

‘dead’ (eng)

*mate-qaŋa

‘death’ (eng)

*matiruR

‘sleep’ (eng)

*ma-tolu

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

*matolu

‘thick’ (eng)

*matolu-tolu

‘very thick, really thick’ (eng)

*ma-toRas

‘hard, solid’ (eng)

*matu

‘dry coconut’ (eng)

*matuqa

‘old, older person, elder, old stand forest’ (eng)

*maturuR

‘sleep’ (eng)

*mauRi

‘left side or direction’ (eng)

*mawa

‘cleft, space between two rocks’ (eng)

*mawap

‘yawn, yawning’ (eng)

*mawiRi

‘left side or direction’ (eng)

*maya

‘tongue’ (eng)

*ma-zaqat

‘bad, evil’ (eng)

*mekmek

‘broken to bits’ (eng)

*meme

‘premasticated food for infants’ (eng)

*meme

‘tongue’ (eng)

*meRaq

‘reddish brown’ (eng)

*meRaq meRaq

‘red, reddish’ (eng)

*mimi

‘urinate, urine’ (eng)

*mimiq

‘urine, urinate’ (eng)

*miñak

‘fat, grease, ointment’ (eng)

*mipi

‘dream’ (eng)

*misi

‘make a sucking sound, smack the lips’ (eng)

*misik

‘sucking noise made as a signal to another person’ (eng)

*misi-misi

‘make a sucking sound, smack the lips’ (eng)

*miti

‘make a sucking sound, smack the lips’ (eng)

*miti-miti

‘make a sucking sound, smack the lips’ (eng)

*mo-kobu

‘grandchild’ (eng)

*mokobu

‘grandchild’ (eng)

*molaŋ

‘true, real, genuine’ (eng)

*momos

‘squeeze’ (eng)

*mona

‘canoe type’ (eng)

*moñak

‘fat, sweet, tasty’ (eng)

*moñak

‘pounded taro with coconut cream’ (eng)

*monaki

‘cuttlefish’ (eng)

*moña-moñak

‘fat, grease, sweet taste’ (eng)

*moñan

‘brain’ (eng)

*mo(nñ)o

‘knead, squeeze’ (eng)

*mono

‘stay, dwell in a place’ (eng)

*motus

‘broken off, islet, detached reef’ (eng)

*-mu

‘2sg. possessor and agent of passive verb’ (eng)

*muku

‘gargle’ (eng)

*m-ule

‘return home’ (eng)

*mumuni

‘hide’ (eng)

*mu-mutaq

‘vomit’ (eng)

*muno

‘caterpillar’ (eng)

*muqa

‘first, foremost, precede’ (eng)

*muquŋ

‘fish sp.’ (eng)

*mura

‘young (of fruits)’ (eng)

*muri

‘after, behind, outside of an object, stern of a canoe’ (eng)

*m-uri qaqe

‘heel’ (eng)

*m-uri waqe

‘heel’ (eng)

*muru

‘back, posterior part’ (eng)

*mutaq

‘vomit’ (eng)

*mutu

‘broken off, cut off’ (eng)

*mutu

‘damsel fish’ (eng)

*mwajar

‘bandicoot’ (eng)

*mwajor

‘bandicoot’ (eng)

*mwaloq

‘submerged rock or coral reef’ (eng)

*mwamwaki

‘large cuttlefish and squid’ (eng)

*mwaña

‘pandanus sp.’ (eng); ‘probably Pandanus conoideus’ (lat)

*mwanene

‘straight’ (eng)

*mwanoRe

‘unicorn fish’ (eng); ‘Naso unicornis’ (lat)

*mwapo

‘taro’ (eng)

*mwaRi

‘roast, burn’ (eng)

*mwasasi

‘goatfish sp.’ (eng)

*mwata

‘snake’ (eng)

*-na

‘that, there, then’ (eng)

*-ña

‘3sg. possessor of inalienable possessed nouns’ (eng)

*na

‘already’ (eng)

*na

‘common noun article’ (eng)

*na

‘conjunction: and’ (eng)

*na

‘genitive of plural personal names’ (eng)

*na qutin

‘penis’ (eng)

*na topu

‘sugarcane’ (eng)

*ñabi

‘taste’ (eng)

*nadi

‘hard stone used to make tools’ (eng)

*nago

‘face, front, prow of canoe’ (eng)

*nai

‘woman’s grass skirt’ (eng)

*ñakot

‘sticky, gluey’ (eng)

*naku

‘1sg., I, me’ (eng)

*ñaman-na

‘tasty, sweet’ (eng)

*ñamit

‘taste’ (eng)

*namo

‘lagoon’ (eng)

*ñamu

‘chew’ (eng)

*ñamuk

‘mosquito’ (eng)

*ñamuR

‘dew’ (eng)

*nana

‘that, those’ (eng)

*ñañam

‘tasty, delicious’ (eng)

*nanaq

‘pus’ (eng)

*ñañuk

‘speak indistinctly, mumble’ (eng)

*ñao

‘widow(er)’ (eng)

*napok

‘breakers, surf, waves’ (eng)

*naRah

‘tree’ (eng); ‘Pterocarpus indica’ (lat)

*ñaRo

‘widow(er)’ (eng)

*nasu

‘cook by boiling’ (eng)

*nasuk

‘cook by boiling’ (eng)

*natar

‘space outside the village’ (eng)

*nati

‘young of animals’ (eng)

*natu

‘child, offspring’ (eng)

*natuq

‘ovary of an an oviparous animal’ (eng)

*ñatuq

‘hardwood tree with edible fruit and valuable timber’ (eng); ‘Palaquium spp.’ (lat)

*ŋa

‘linker for multiples of ten’ (eng)

*ŋacan

‘name’ (eng)

*ŋadasₐ

‘gums’ (eng)

*ŋa-ijan

‘when?’ (eng)

*ŋak

‘raucous sound’ (eng)

*ŋali-ŋali

‘move about in restless anger’ (eng)

*ŋalu

‘wave, breaker (?)’ (eng)

*ŋaŋ

‘inarticulate sound’ (eng)

*ŋaŋa

‘bitter, poisonous’ (eng)

*ŋaŋa

‘open the mouth wide, gape, gaping, opening of a bubu fish trap, basket, etc.’ (eng)

*ŋaŋak

‘raucous sound’ (eng)

*ŋaŋaŋ

‘inarticulate sound’ (eng)

*ŋaŋas

‘chew something tough (as sugarcane)’ (eng)

*ŋapa

‘fathom’ (eng)

*ŋapa

‘lime gourd (for betel chew)’ (eng)

*ŋapa

‘long’ (eng)

*ŋara

‘complain loudly’ (eng)

*ŋaraŋara

‘swim’ (eng)

*ŋaRaq

‘wild duck’ (eng)

*ŋata

‘hole, hollow’ (eng)

*ŋau

‘1sg.: I’ (eng)

*ŋau

‘chew, chew off’ (eng)

*ŋau

‘hit, strike’ (eng)

*ŋau-ŋau

‘chew’ (eng)

*ŋek

‘squeal, cry out (as a pig)’ (eng)

*ŋeŋe

‘shout, argue with’ (eng)

*ŋik

‘squeal, screech, shriek, etc.’ (eng)

*ŋikŋik

‘squeal, screech, shriek, etc.’ (eng)

*ŋiŋ

‘buzz, hum’ (eng)

*ŋiŋik

‘high-pitched cry’ (eng)

*ŋiŋiŋ

‘buzz, hum’ (eng)

*ŋiŋis

‘grin, show the teeth’ (eng)

*ŋiŋit-i

‘husk a coconut with the teeth’ (eng)

*ŋipon

‘tooth’ (eng)

*ŋisa

‘name’ (eng)

*ŋisi

‘grin, show the teeth’ (eng)

*ŋodra

‘grunt, snore’ (eng)

*ŋodro

‘grunt, snore’ (eng)

*ŋok

‘grunt’ (eng)

*ŋoŋok

‘breath loudly, snore’ (eng)

*ŋoŋoŋ

‘hoot (as an owl)’ (eng)

*ŋoŋop

‘panting, gasping for breath’ (eng)

*ŋoŋot-i

‘gnaw, nibble’ (eng)

*ŋoni

‘beg, ask for’ (eng)

*ŋoRo

‘snore, grunt, etc.’ (eng)

*ŋoti

‘gnaw, nibble’ (eng)

*ŋuk

‘grunt, moan, etc.’ (eng)

*ŋuŋ

‘buzz, hum’ (eng)

*ŋuŋuk

‘grunt, moan’ (eng)

*ŋuŋul

‘arthritic or rheumatic pain’ (eng)

*ŋuŋuŋ

‘buzz, hum’ (eng)

*ŋuŋut

‘gnaw, chew at’ (eng)

*ŋuŋut

‘painful, pain’ (eng)

*ŋuru

‘growl (as a dog)’ (eng)

*ŋuRuR

‘moan, groan, grunt’ (eng)

*ŋusuq

‘nasal area, snout’ (eng)

*ŋutu

‘louse’ (eng)

*-ni

‘this, here, now’ (eng)

*ni

‘genitive case marker for singular personal names and pronouns, marker of possession, part-to-whole relationships, and agency of a non-actor voice verb’ (eng)

*ni-a

‘3sg. agent/possessor’ (eng)

*ni-ia

‘3sg. genitive, his, her’ (eng)

*ñikut

‘nest, lair’ (eng)

*nimas

‘bailer, bail water from a canoe’ (eng)

*nini

‘shake, tremble, rock’ (eng)

*ñiñik

‘tiny biting insect’ (eng)

*niniq

‘plant sp. (used as material for making baskets)’ (eng); ‘Donax canniformis’ (lat)

*nipaq

‘swamp palm’ (eng); ‘Nipa fruticans’ (lat)

*nipe

‘snake’ (eng)

*nipi

‘dream’ (eng)

*nipis

‘thinness (of materials)’ (eng)

*nipon

‘tooth’ (eng)

*niuR

‘coconut’ (eng)

*nofo

‘sit, stay or stop moving, reside’ (eng)

*noku

‘bend, fold’ (eng)

*nonok

‘gnat, sandfly’ (eng)

*nonom

‘think’ (eng)

*ñoñop

‘suck’ (eng)

*ñoñu

‘tree with inedible white fruit and root that yields a useful dye’ (eng); ‘Morinda citrifolia L.’ (lat)

*nopo-nopo

‘fear, intimidated by’ (eng)

*nopuq

‘stonefish’ (eng)

*ñopuq

‘stonefish’ (eng)

*ñoRap

‘yesterday’ (eng)

*ñoro

‘rough (of a turbulent sea)’ (eng)

*ñui

‘growth stage of squid’ (eng)

*numi

‘fold’ (eng)

*nunu

‘earthquake’ (eng)

*nunu

‘female breast’ (eng)

*nunu

‘slough, shed the skin (as a snake)’ (eng)

*nunuk

‘tree: the banyan or strangler fig’ (eng)

*nu-nunu

‘earthquake’ (eng)

*nusa

‘island’ (eng)

*nusa

‘smaller types of reef squid’ (eng)

*nuse

‘smaller types of reef squid’ (eng)

*nuso

‘smaller types of reef squid’ (eng)

*o

‘on, onto, in, into’ (eng)

*o

‘possessive marker used with inalienable pronouns’ (eng)

*oe

‘interjection or exclamation to call attention or answer a call’ (eng)

*oka

‘fog, mist’ (eng)

*oka

‘house beam’ (eng)

*oka oka

‘scavenger fish’ (eng); ‘Lethrinus spp.’ (lat)

*oke

‘fog, mist’ (eng)

*okop

‘cover with something (?)’ (eng)

*oliq

‘return’ (eng)

*oliq oliq

‘and fro’ (eng)

*omuR

‘hold in the mouth’ (eng)

*ona

‘hit with a spear’ (eng)

*ona

‘spear, sharpened pitfall stake’ (eng)

*one one

intr. ‘mend a net’ (eng)

*one-a

tran. ‘mend a net’ (eng)

*oŋkol

‘bend, stoop over’ (eng)

*oŋkom

‘hold in the mouth’ (eng)

*onom

‘six’ (eng)

*onom ŋa puluq

‘sixty’ (eng)

*onom onom

‘six by six, six at a time’ (eng)

*opi

‘brood, sit on eggs’ (eng)

*opoŋ

‘block, obstruct’ (eng)

*opun

‘heap, pile’ (eng)

*opus

‘finish something’ (eng)

*oqo

‘yes’ (eng)

*ori

‘scrape, with motion away from body’ (eng)

*orit

‘scratch, scrape, peel’ (eng)

*oRo

‘go, come’ (eng)

*oro

‘mountain, hill’ (eng)

*oRoŋ

‘roar, shout’ (eng)

*osiR

‘moan, groan’ (eng)

*osir

‘moan, groan’ (eng)

*osok

‘crowded, crowd together’ (eng)

*oto

‘straight’ (eng)

*otok

‘cut, sever’ (eng)

*otoŋ

‘stare at’ (eng)

*p<in>aŋan

‘food, feed, nourish’ (eng)

*pa

‘at, on, in, to’ (eng)

*pa

‘get, take, bring’ (eng)

*pa

‘go’ (eng)

*pa

‘interjection, startle’ (eng)

*pa-

‘causative prefix’ (eng)

*pa-

‘numeral prefix, divide into x (x = numeral)’ (eng)

*pa-abu

‘grandfather’ (eng)

*pa-añud

‘set adrift’ (eng)

*padran

‘pandanus’ (eng)

*pagaq

‘split’ (eng)

*pa-i

‘get, bring, take’ (eng)

*pai

‘weave, plait (as a basket, door, fence)’ (eng)

*pai

‘where?’ (eng)

*pail

‘plant’ (eng); ‘Falcataria Moluccana’ (lat)

*painako

‘steal’ (eng)

*pai-p<in>ai

‘woman, female’ (eng)

*pait

‘do, make’ (eng)

*pajale

‘walk about, take a walk’ (eng)

*paju

‘eyebrow’ (eng)

*paka-

‘causative prefix’ (eng)

*pa(ka)-ajan

‘name, give a name to’ (eng)

*pa(ka)-amax

‘treat like a father’ (eng)

*paka-aŋin

‘cause the wind to blow’ (eng)

*paka-aŋin-aŋin

‘refresh oneself, go out for some fresh air’ (eng)

*pa-kaen

‘feed’ (eng)

*paka-lima

‘five times’ (eng)

*paka-maluRu

‘shelter, give shelter to’ (eng)

*paka-mate

‘kill, commit suicide’ (eng)

*paka-mate-ia

‘kill’ (eng)

*paka-onom

‘six times’ (eng)

*paka-pat

‘four times’ (eng)

*paka-pica

‘how many times?’ (eng)

*paka-pitu

‘seven times’ (eng)

*pakaq

‘non-native canoe’ (eng)

*pa(ka)-qasu

‘smoke, fumigate’ (eng)

*paka-qudip

‘save, spare the life of’ (eng)

*paka-Rapiqi

‘afternoon, evening’ (eng)

*paka-roŋoR

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

*paka-rua

‘twice, do something twice’ (eng)

*pakas

‘strong, energetic’ (eng)

*pa(ka)-salaq

‘blame, accuse of error or fault, punish’ (eng)

*paka-saŋa

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

*paka-sipo

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

*paka-siwa

‘nine times’ (eng)

*paka-tabu

‘forbid, make taboo’ (eng)

*paka-takut

‘frighten, cause to fear’ (eng)

*paka-taŋis

‘make someone cry, let someone cry’ (eng)

*paka-tolu

‘triple, multiply by three’ (eng)

*paka-tupuq

‘make something grow’ (eng)

*paka-uliq

‘return something to someone’ (eng)

*paka-usuri

‘teach’ (eng)

*paka-walu

‘eight times’ (eng)

*pa-kilala

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

*pakum

‘Pandanus dubius’ (eng)

*pakuŋ

‘kind of pandanus’ (eng)

*pakut

‘bind together’ (eng)

*pala

‘platform’ (eng)

*pala

‘some, somewhat’ (eng)

*palaj

‘palm of hand, sole of foot’ (eng)

*palaja

‘rabbitfish’ (eng); ‘Siganus sp.’ (lat)

*palala

‘bald, bald person’ (eng)

*palalan

‘slant, lean over (as a tree)’ (eng)

*palaŋ

‘thwart, crosspiece’ (eng)

*palaŋa

‘potsherd used as a frying pan’ (eng)

*palata

‘fish sp.’ (eng)

*pa-laur

‘go to sea, make a sea voyage’ (eng)

*pa-layaR

‘sail’ (eng)

*pale

‘canoe shed, storehouse’ (eng)

*pali

‘side, half’ (eng)

*pali

‘taboo’ (eng)

*paliaRua

‘vine’ (eng); ‘Merremia peltata’ (lat)

*palici

‘grass’ (eng)

*palisi

‘grass’ (eng)

*palo

‘steer a boat’ (eng)

*palo

‘wither, wilt’ (eng)

*palos

‘perfect, complete something’ (eng)

*palu

‘hammer, hit with a hard implement’ (eng)

*palu

‘make war on, fight with’ (eng)

*palu

‘some, some more’ (eng)

*paluca

‘paddle’ (eng)

*palu-palu

‘hammer, mallet, instrument for pounding or hammering’ (eng)

*paluq

‘mourn the dead’ (eng)

*palus

‘scratch, scrape’ (eng)

*pana

‘go, move’ (eng)

*panako

‘steal’ (eng)

*panapa

‘needlefish sp.’ (eng)

*panaq

‘throw something at a target, shoot with bow and arrow’ (eng)

*pañaRu

‘give birth’ (eng)

*panas

‘warm, hot’ (eng)

*panas-i

‘heat up, warm up’ (eng)

*panas-panas

‘somewhat warm (?), very warm (?)’ (eng)

*panaw

‘fungus infection which produces light patches on the skin’ (eng); ‘Tinea flava or Pityriasis’ (lat)

*panek

‘climb’ (eng)

*paŋ

‘bang! loud popping sound’ (eng)

*paŋa

‘fork of a branch, any forked structure, bifurcation’ (eng)

*paŋa

‘gape, open’ (eng)

*paŋa

‘wide open’ (eng)

*paŋan

‘food, feed’ (eng)

*paŋaŋap

‘gape, open the mouth wide’ (eng)

*paŋan-i

‘pet animal, animal that is tamed by humans feeding it’ (eng)

*paŋoda

‘hunt for shellfish on the reef’ (eng)

*paŋun

‘wake up, rouse someone from sleep’ (eng)

*paŋun-ia

‘awaken, wake someone up’ (eng)

*paŋusi

‘blow the nose’ (eng)

*pani

‘apply oil or paint to the body’ (eng)

*pani

‘give’ (eng)

*panid

‘wing’ (eng)

*pano

‘go’ (eng)

*paño

‘wash the hands’ (eng)

*pa(n)tar

‘shelf, bed frame of wooden or bamboo laths’ (eng)

*pa(n)tuk

‘knock, strike against’ (eng)

*panua

‘village’ (eng)

*paoq (ʔ)

‘tree’ (eng); ‘Ochrosia oppositifolia’ (lat)

*papa

‘carry piggyback’ (eng)

*papa

‘father’ (eng)

*papaba

‘slipper lobster, crayfish’ (eng)

*papak-i

‘slap’ (eng)

*pa-panas

‘heat’ (eng)

*papaq

‘below, beneath, under’ (eng)

*papaq

‘frond of a palm’ (eng)

*papaq

‘mouth’ (eng)

*papi

‘cook in an earth oven’ (eng)

*papian

‘firewood, what is used to make a fire’ (eng)

*papine

‘woman, female, sister (male speaker)’ (eng)

*pa-pitu

‘seven (of humans)’ (eng)

*papo

‘above, outside’ (eng)

*papo

‘coral reef’ (eng)

*papo

‘weed’ (eng)

*pa-ponuq

‘fill, cause to become full’ (eng)

*pāq

‘flood’ (eng)

*paqa

‘stalk or stem of a plant’ (eng)

*paqa

‘thigh’ (eng)

*paqaRok

‘snatch, seize, rob’ (eng)

*paqas

‘split lengthwise’ (eng)

*paqo

‘plant’ (eng); ‘Heliconia spp.’ (lat)

*paqot

‘wood-working tool: chisel’ (eng)

*paqpaq

‘midrib of coconut frond’ (eng)

*paqus

‘tie, bind’ (eng)

*paRa

‘hand’ (eng)

*paRa

‘storage shelf above the hearth’ (eng)

*paRa-

‘reciprocal prefix’ (eng)

*para

‘coconut embryo’ (eng)

*paRak

‘hoarse’ (eng)

*paRane

‘brave, bold’ (eng)

*paRaŋ

‘molar tooth’ (eng)

*paRaq

‘lung’ (eng)

*paRaq

‘swell, boil’ (eng)

*paraqu

‘boat’ (eng)

*paRara

‘handle of an axe or adze’ (eng)

*parara

‘thunder’ (eng)

*paRas

‘step, tread on something’ (eng)

*paRat

‘crosswise beam or shelf’ (eng)

*paRi

‘cut or lop off branches’ (eng)

*paRi

‘stingray’ (eng)

*paRi-

‘prefix of reciprocal or collective action’ (eng)

*pari

‘divide, share out (as an inheritance?)’ (eng)

*pari

‘scrape, grate’ (eng)

*paRih manuk

‘large rayfish, probably manta or eagle ray’ (eng)

*paRi-tama

‘relationship of father and children’ (eng)

*paRo

‘drill through, pierce, perforate’ (eng)

*paRo

‘snatch, seize, rob’ (eng)

*paro

‘scrape’ (eng)

*pa-roŋoR

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

*paRu

‘tree the bark of which provides a fiber much used in making cordage, lash, tie, bind’ (eng); ‘Hibiscus tiliaceus’ (lat)

*paRut

‘pluck, uproot’ (eng)

*pasa

‘swamp’ (eng)

*pa-sakit

‘hurt someone, make someone sick’ (eng)

*pasaŋ

‘pair, matching set’ (eng)

*pasaR

‘woody plant or tree’ (eng); ‘Vitex cofassus’ (lat)

*pasar

‘woody plant or tree’ (eng); ‘Vitex cofassus’ (lat)

*pasi

‘plant yams’ (eng)

*pasok

‘plant (crops)’ (eng)

*pasoq

‘wash clothes’ (eng)

*pasu

‘forehead, eyebrow’ (eng)

*pasu

‘give birth to, have a child’ (eng)

*pa-susu

‘give the breast to, nurse a child’ (eng)

*pat

‘four’ (eng)

*pataR

‘shelf’ (eng)

*pat-i

‘four’ (eng)

*pati

‘break off, snap off’ (eng)

*pati pati

‘four at a time’ (eng)

*pa-tolu

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

*patoto

‘sticks that connect the float to the booms of an outrigger canoe’ (eng)

*patu

‘hard, firm’ (eng)

*patu

‘joint, node’ (eng)

*patu

‘stone’ (eng)

*patuR

‘plait, weave’ (eng)

*patuRu

‘cycad’ (eng); ‘Cycas rumphii’ (lat)

*pau

‘plant’ (eng); ‘Kleinhovia hospita’ (lat)

*pa-uliq

‘return, send back’ (eng)

*paya

‘kind of small fish, probably sardine or anchovy’ (eng)

*pe-

‘mother’ (eng)

*pea

‘where?’ (eng)

*peka

‘separate, disconnect’ (eng)

*pekaŋ

‘stretch open or apart’ (eng)

*pekuq

‘bend, curve’ (eng)

*pela pela

‘shout, exclaim’ (eng)

*penako

‘steal’ (eng)

*pened

‘stopped up, plugged’ (eng)

*periŋ

‘bamboo sp.’ (eng)

*pesi

‘coastal tree’ (eng); ‘perhaps Pongamia pinnata’ (lat)

*peta

‘shatter, break’ (eng)

*pia

‘goodness’ (eng)

*pia

‘want, desire’ (eng)

*pia

‘where?’ (eng)

*piak

‘baby chick, peeping of chick’ (eng)

*pian

‘want, desire, wish or long for’ (eng)

*pica

‘how much?, how many?’ (eng)

*pica pica

‘few, several (?)’ (eng)

*picak

‘crush, press in’ (eng)

*picik

‘splash, spray, sprinkle’ (eng)

*picit

‘squeeze out’ (eng)

*pidak

‘break, split’ (eng)

*pidik

‘fillip, flick with the finger’ (eng)

*pijiko

‘flesh, lean part of meat, grain of wood’ (eng)

*pijir

‘braid, twist together’ (eng)

*pijir-i

‘braid, twist together’ (eng)

*pijo

‘kind of reed or cane’ (eng); ‘including Saccharum spontaneum’ (lat)

*pika

‘sand, sandbank’ (eng)

*piko

‘bent, crooked’ (eng)

*pikuq

‘bend, curve, bent, curved’ (eng)

*pilak

‘flash (of lightning)’ (eng)

*pilat

‘open the eyes wide’ (eng)

*pilat

‘scar’ (eng)

*pilaɁ

‘scar’ (eng)

*pili

‘value, price’ (eng)

*piliŋ

‘roll’ (eng)

*piliq

‘choose, select, pick out’ (eng)

*piliq piliq

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

*piliq-an

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

*piliq-i

‘choose it!’ (eng)

*pilit

‘intertwine, twist and turn’ (eng)

*pilit

‘paste, stick to’ (eng)

*pilit

‘peel by hand’ (eng)

*pilolo

‘curved, crooked’ (eng)

*piloR

‘blind’ (eng)

*pilu

‘large marine fish, jackfish or trevally’ (eng)

*piluk

‘curly, curl’ (eng)

*pilul

‘curly, of the hair’ (eng)

*pilu-pilu

‘small trevally varieties’ (eng)

*piluq

‘fold’ (eng)

*pina

‘shellfish sp.’ (eng)

*pine

‘female’ (eng)

*pi(ŋ)keR

‘bend, turn’ (eng)

*pi(ŋ)kuk

‘bend, curve’ (eng)

*piŋkuk

‘curved, bent’ (eng)

*pi(n)tak

‘split’ (eng)

*pi(n)tik

‘throb, beat’ (eng)

*pintik

‘snare, noose trap, spring up suddenly, jerk up (as a fishing line or noose trap)’ (eng)

*pinu

‘fold over’ (eng)

*pinuan

‘tree’ (eng); ‘Macaranga spp.’ (lat)

*pinut

‘skin, bark’ (eng)

*piok

‘peep, cheep’ (eng)

*pipik

‘beat lightly’ (eng)

*pipiR

‘lip’ (eng)

*pipirua

‘whirlwind, waterspout’ (eng)

*pipis

‘sprinkle water on something’ (eng)

*pipis

‘squeeze’ (eng)

*piRa

‘roe, eggs of fish or crustacean’ (eng)

*piRa

‘sailfin tang’ (eng); ‘Zebrasoma veliferum’ (lat)

*piRaq

‘wild taro, elephant-ear or itching taro’ (eng); ‘Alocasia spp.’ (lat)

*piras

‘immature stage of coconut or areca nut (?)’ (eng)

*piras

‘scar’ (eng)

*piri

‘pithy ball inside sprouted coconut, coconut endosperm’ (eng)

*piRiŋ

‘dark hue, possibly dark red’ (eng)

*piriŋ

‘side, edge’ (eng)

*piriŋ

‘stone, throw a stone at’ (eng)

*piri-piri

‘twine round and round, thing made by braiding’ (eng)

*pirit

‘plait a cord, twist, wrap around’ (eng)

*piro

‘twist together’ (eng)

*piro-a

‘twist together’ (eng)

*piRu

‘fan palm’ (eng); ‘Licuala Rumphii’ (lat)

*piRu-piRu

‘sailfish’ (eng); ‘Istiophoridae’ (lat)

*pisak

‘split’ (eng)

*pisaw

‘kind of knife or machete’ (eng)

*pisi

‘entangle, snarl, tie up, wind around, wrap’ (eng)

*pisi

‘fart’ (eng)

*pisi ni mata

‘eyelash’ (eng)

*pisik

‘peel’ (eng)

*pisiko

‘flesh, lean part of meat, grain of wood’ (eng)

*piso

‘kind of wild cane with edible flower head’ (eng)

*piso

‘navel’ (eng)

*pitak

‘mud’ (eng)

*pitak

‘split’ (eng)

*pitaquR

‘shore tree’ (eng); ‘Calophyllum inophyllum’ (lat)

*pite

‘squeeze to extract juice’ (eng)

*piti

‘crack’ (eng)

*pitik

‘lightning’ (eng)

*pitik-pitik

‘jump repeatedly, knock or fillip repeatedly’ (eng)

*pitolon

‘hungry’ (eng)

*pitu

‘seven’ (eng)

*pitu

‘sword grass’ (eng); ‘Imperata cylindrica’ (lat)

*pitu ŋa puluq

‘seventy’ (eng)

*pitu pitu

‘seven by seven, seven at a time’ (eng)

*pituŋ

‘bamboo sp.’ (eng)

*pituqin

‘star’ (eng)

*pituqun

‘star’ (eng)

*poipoi

‘pandanus sp.’ (eng)

*pokaŋ

‘spread apart (as the legs or an unbent fishhook)’ (eng)

*pokaq

‘divide, separate things that are joined’ (eng)

*poki

‘clear the ground for a garden site’ (eng)

*pokos

‘wrap up, bundle, bundle of firewood’ (eng)

*poku

‘round object, young coconut’ (eng)

*pokut

‘hunch over, curl up (body)’ (eng)

*polac

‘spread’ (eng)

*polaq

‘split in two’ (eng)

*polat

‘fish corral’ (eng)

*poli

‘value, price, marriage prestations, brideprice, purchase’ (eng)

*poli poli

‘barter, trade’ (eng)

*poli-a

‘barter, purchase by exchange’ (eng)

*polit

‘twist around’ (eng)

*polok

‘grow (of plants)’ (eng)

*polon

‘swallow’ (eng)

*polos

‘cut across’ (eng)

*polos

‘stripes, striped’ (eng)

*poŋaŋ

‘amazed’ (eng)

*poŋap

‘amazed’ (eng)

*poŋkaR

‘burst open, split open’ (eng)

*ponor

‘formal gathering (as of chiefs, with possible connections to announcing temporary taboos)’ (eng)

*poñu

‘green turtle’ (eng); ‘Chelonia mydas’ (lat)

*ponuq

‘full (of a container)’ (eng)

*ponuq sake

‘full to the top’ (eng)

*popok

‘rot, rotten’ (eng)

*popol

‘hydropoesia, bodily swelling caused by water retention’ (eng)

*popos

‘squeeze out’ (eng)

*poro poro

‘shatter’ (eng)

*poRos

‘squeeze out juice, extract liquid by squeezing’ (eng)

*posaq

‘break into several large pieces, hatch (of an egg’ (eng)

*pose

‘canoe paddle, paddle a canoe’ (eng)

*pose pose

‘paddle repeatedly, paddle about’ (eng)

*posit

‘squeeze, squirt out’ (eng)

*poso

‘hold’ (eng)

*posu

‘have a hole, perforated’ (eng)

*posuk

‘have a hole, perforated’ (eng)

*potak

‘split, cleave, divide’ (eng)

*potas

‘tear, rip open, cut open’ (eng)

*potok

‘pufferfish, porcupinefish’ (eng)

*potok

‘thorn, spur, barb, stinger of stingray’ (eng)

*potu

‘appear, come into view’ (eng)

*potu

‘bulge, swelling’ (eng)

*potuŋ

‘type of very large bamboo’ (eng)

*pout

‘or feel cold’ (eng)

*pua

‘carry on the shoulder’ (eng)

*pua

‘only’ (eng)

*puaq

‘fruit, seed, blossom, egg, nut, testicle, numeral classifier for roundish objects, bear fruit, show first signs of pregnancy, swell (of the sea)’ (eng)

*puaq ni kayu

‘fruit (of a tree)’ (eng)

*puaq puaq

‘bearing fruit, fruitful’ (eng)

*puaR

‘break, crush, smash’ (eng)

*puat

‘for the purpose of, in order to’ (eng)

*puat

‘harvest fruits’ (eng)

*puat

‘lift, carry, bring, emerge, appear, begin, take a spouse’ (eng)

*puat-an

‘crop, load of fruit’ (eng)

*puat-an

‘lift, carry’ (eng)

*pucoq pucoq

‘foam, bubbles, foaming, bubbling’ (eng)

*pucut

‘spurt out’ (eng)

*pudi

‘banana’ (eng)

*pui

‘bunch, cluster (as of fruit)’ (eng)

*pui

‘turn over, rock back and forth, swing’ (eng)

*pui pui

‘turn over, rock back and forth, swing’ (eng)

*puis

‘back and forth movement’ (eng)

*puk

‘pop!, plop!, splash!’ (eng)

*puk

‘sound of a dull thud’ (eng)

*puka

‘fall’ (eng)

*puke

‘open, uncover’ (eng)

*puki

‘vulva, vagina’ (eng)

*puko

‘morning, tomorrow’ (eng)

*pukot

‘dragnet’ (eng)

*pukpuk

‘hammer, pound, beat’ (eng)

*pukuR

‘cough’ (eng)

*pula

‘sea cucumber, sea slug’ (eng)

*pula

‘strand creeper, convolvulus’ (eng)

*pula

‘swell, become turgid’ (eng)

*pulan

‘kind of shellfish’ (eng)

*pulan

‘moon, month’ (eng)

*pulan

‘unnaturally white, albino’ (eng)

*pulaR

‘cataract of the eye, hazy or blurred vision’ (eng)

*pulaR

‘unnaturally white, albino’ (eng)

*puliR

‘bunch, cluster of fruit’ (eng)

*pulu

‘body hair, fur, feathers, floss on plants’ (eng)

*pulu

‘wash the hands’ (eng)

*pulu ni manuk

‘feathers’ (eng)

*pulu pulu

‘hairy’ (eng)

*pulu qi mata

‘eyelash’ (eng)

*pulu-an

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

*puluq

‘constellation: the Pleiades’ (eng)

*puluq

‘group of ten’ (eng)

*puna

‘base of a tree, beginning, origin’ (eng)

*puna

‘source, origin’ (eng)

*punas

‘wipe off, wipe out’ (eng)

*punat

‘plant used to stun fish’ (eng); ‘Derris elliptica’ (lat)

*puŋa

‘crowded, mass of people’ (eng)

*puŋa

‘flower, blossom’ (eng)

*puŋao

‘affines of the first ascending or zero generation’ (eng)

*puŋa-puŋa

‘hill, mountain’ (eng)

*puŋu

‘bunch, cluster’ (eng)

*puŋun

‘bunch, cluster’ (eng)

*puni

‘hide, conceal’ (eng)

*puni

‘ringworm’ (eng); ‘Tinea imbricata’ (lat)

*puni-puni

‘secretive’ (eng)

*puntal

‘puffer fish sp.’ (eng)

*puntu

‘small hill, knoll’ (eng)

*punuq

‘constellation: the Pleiades’ (eng)

*punuq

‘strike, beat, pierce, kill, extinguish (a fire)’ (eng)

*punuq-a

‘strike, beat, kill’ (eng)

*punuq-i

‘strike, beat, kill’ (eng)

*pupu

‘bladder’ (eng)

*pupu

‘conical bamboo basket trap for fish’ (eng)

*pupu

‘pick, pluck (as fruit)’ (eng)

*pupuk

‘insect that infests wood and bamboo, dust produced by the boring of this insect’ (eng)

*pupuk

‘sound of pounding or knocking’ (eng)

*pupula

‘raised flesh over a wound’ (eng)

*pu-pulan

‘herring’ (eng); ‘Megalops cyprinoides’ (lat)

*pu-pulan

‘white fish, tarpon’ (eng); ‘Megalops cyprinoides’ (lat)

*pu-pulu

‘betel pepper’ (eng); ‘Piper betle’ (lat)

*pupuŋ

‘swell up’ (eng)

*pupuŋan

‘ridge of the roof’ (eng)

*pupuR

‘rinse the mouth, gargle’ (eng)

*pupus

‘leak, pour out, loose or crumbling, crumble and fall’ (eng)

*pupus-a

‘drip or pour out’ (eng)

*pupus-i

‘leak’ (eng)

*puput

‘pluck (as fruit), strip off (as leaves)’ (eng)

*puput-i

‘pull out, uproot (as plants), pluck (as hair or feathers)’ (eng)

*puqal

‘levered up, uprooted’ (eng)

*puqaya

‘crocodile’ (eng)

*puqi

‘rinse, wash’ (eng)

*puqi puqi

‘pour water on, douse (as a fire)’ (eng)

*puqpuq

‘pick, pluck (as fruit)’ (eng)

*puqulu

‘leaf of the betel pepper’ (eng)

*puqun

‘base of a tree, cause, source, origin, beginning, foot of a hill or mountain, first wife, model or example (to be copied), expression for the mother’s brother’ (eng)

*puqun nu kahiw

‘tree’ (eng)

*puqun nu laŋit

‘horizon, stranger, foreigner’ (eng)

*puRa

‘spray water from the mouth, spray a mixture of saliva and masticated medicinal herbs on an ailing body part in curing’ (eng)

*pura

‘arrive, appear, come into view’ (eng)

*puRa-puRas

‘whale’ (eng)

*puraq

‘immerse, dip in water’ (eng)

*puraq

‘unnaturally white, albino’ (eng)

*puraq puraq

‘foam, bubbles, bubble up’ (eng)

*puRas

‘spray water from the mouth’ (eng)

*puRcit

‘spurt or gush out’ (eng)

*puRe

‘beach creepers’ (eng); ‘including Ipomoea grandiflora and Ipomoea pes-caprae’ (lat)

*puRe

‘lifted up or deposited on the beach by tide or current’ (eng)

*pure

‘navel’ (eng)

*puri

‘roll, roll over’ (eng)

*puro

‘foam, bubbles’ (eng)

*puro

‘sponge’ (eng)

*puro puro

‘foam, bubbles’ (eng)

*puRu

‘jealous’ (eng)

*puRuk

‘spray spittle, etc. from the mouth for magical purposes’ (eng)

*pururuŋ

‘glow or flame of fire’ (eng)

*-purus

‘whirlwind, whirlpool’ (eng)

*pusa

‘heart’ (eng)

*pusa

‘originate, related by common origin, born’ (eng)

*pusa

‘rotten’ (eng)

*pusi

‘blow (as the wind)’ (eng)

*pusiRa

‘starling’ (eng); ‘Aplonis spp.’ (lat)

*puso

‘glutton’ (eng)

*puso

‘heart’ (eng)

*puso

‘white’ (eng)

*pusoc

‘navel, umbilicus’ (eng)

*pusoq

‘foam, bubbles’ (eng)

*pusuR

‘hunting bow’ (eng)

*put

‘coconut husk’ (eng)

*puta

‘fishnet float’ (eng)

*putat

‘trees in the genus Barringtonia(eng)

*putiR

‘wart, cyst, non-purulent skin eruption’ (eng)

*putput

‘pluck, pull out’ (eng)

*putu

‘group, crowd, flock, school, bunch, cluster’ (eng)

*putuk

‘knock, pound, beat’ (eng)

*putul

‘protuberant part’ (eng)

*putul

‘small hill, knoll’ (eng)

*putul putul

‘small hill, knoll’ (eng)

*putun

‘shore tree’ (eng); ‘Barringtonia spp.’ (lat)

*putuq

‘testicles, scrotum’ (eng)

*putur

‘small hill, knoll’ (eng)

*puu

‘blow’ (eng)

*puuŋ

‘howl (of the wind)’ (eng)

*pwajaR

‘clap hands’ (eng)

*pwaka

‘come into view’ (eng)

*pwalaq

‘split wood’ (eng)

*pwaŋa

‘hole, cavern’ (eng)

*pwano-pwano

‘plant’ (eng); ‘Guettarda speciosa’ (lat)

*pwasa

‘sore on skin’ (eng)

*pwasaR

‘large pandanus sp.’ (eng)

*pwasaR

‘slap, hit’ (eng)

*pwasar

‘large pandanus sp.’ (eng)

*pwasar

‘slap, hit’ (eng)

*pwatika

‘potato yam, aerial yam’ (eng); ‘Dioscorea bulbifera’ (lat)

*pwatu

‘elbow, knee, joint, node’ (eng)

*pwau

‘head’ (eng)

*pwipipi

‘kind of shore bird, possibly snipe’ (eng)

*pwiRa

‘elephantiasis’ (eng)

*pwirip

‘parrot’ (eng); ‘probably Trichoglossus sp.’ (lat)

*pwosa

‘appear’ (eng)

*q<in>uma

‘cultivated field, garden’ (eng)

*(q)<um>una

‘do or go first, lead’ (eng)

*qa

‘locative particle’ (eng)

*qabatiR

‘sago grub’ (eng)

*qabi

‘take hold of, grasp’ (eng)

*qabin

‘hold or carry under the arm’ (eng)

*qaco

‘day’ (eng)

*qait

‘copulate, copulation, sexual intercourse’ (eng)

*qalar

‘fence, wall’ (eng)

*qalejaw-qalejaw

‘daily, every day’ (eng)

*qali-

‘prefix for words with a sensitive reference to the spirit world’ (eng)

*qaliliŋ

‘cateye shell’ (eng)

*qalima

‘hand’ (eng)

*qali-maŋo

‘mangrove crab’ (eng)

*qali-maŋu

‘mangrove crab’ (eng)

*(q)alipa

‘nut tree’ (eng); ‘Canarium sp.’ (lat)

*qalipan

‘centipede’ (eng)

*qali-popot

‘firefly’ (eng)

*qaliR

‘flow’ (eng)

*qaliR-an

‘place where water flows’ (eng)

*qalo

‘sun’ (eng)

*qalo

‘tree with wood used to make fireplows’ (eng)

*qalop

‘beckon, wave’ (eng)

*qalu

‘fish: barracuda sp.’ (eng)

*qalun

‘long rolling wave, swell, billow’ (eng)

*qamataq

‘raw, eat something raw’ (eng)

*qaŋab

‘gape, open the mouth wide’ (eng)

*qaŋap

‘gape, open the mouth wide’ (eng)

*qaŋeSit

‘stench, musky odor of an animal’ (eng)

*qaŋet

‘anger’ (eng)

*qa-ni

‘this, here’ (eng)

*qani

‘proximal deictic: this’ (eng)

*qanitu

‘ghost, ancestral spirit, nature spirit, corpse, owl, various plants’ (eng)

*qanunu

‘shadow, reflection, soul’ (eng)

*qanus

intr. ‘spittle, spit’ (eng)

*qanus-i

trans. ‘spit’ (eng)

*qanusi

‘spit at (as an insult?)’ (eng)

*qapaliR

‘surgeonfish’ (eng); ‘Acanthurus spp.’ (lat)

*qapaRa

‘shoulder, carry on the shoulder’ (eng)

*qapaRa

‘topmost hand of banana stalk’ (eng)

*qapatoR

‘sago grub’ (eng)

*qapator

‘sago grub’ (eng)

*qapit

‘tongs, anything used to hold things together by pinching’ (eng)

*qapu

‘ashes, dust’ (eng)

*qapuk

‘dust’ (eng)

*qapuR

‘lime, calcium’ (eng)

*qaqe

‘leg, foot’ (eng)

*qaRa

‘fence, enclosure’ (eng)

*qarita

‘putty nut’ (eng); ‘Parinarium laurinum’ (lat)

*qarop

‘front side, belly (of an animal?)’ (eng)

*qaRuas

‘young growth stage of mullet’ (eng)

*qaRus

‘current, flow’ (eng)

*qasam

‘fern used for tying and binding’ (eng)

*qasawa

‘spouse, husband, wife’ (eng)

*qase

‘chin, jaw’ (eng)

*qasi

‘no, not’ (eng)

*qasiRa

‘salt’ (eng)

*qaso

‘food offering’ (eng)

*qasu

‘bail out water’ (eng)

*qasu

‘gall, gall bladder’ (eng); ‘Octopus sepia’ (lat)

*qasu

‘smoke, fumes, steam, smoke (as a fire)’ (eng)

*qasu qasu

‘give off smoke continuously, pour out smoke’ (eng)

*qatai

‘side of canoe opposite the outrigger’ (eng)

*qatay

‘liver, seat of the emotions, inner self: core, mind, will, desire, feeling, intelligence, understanding, want or wish, hollow of the palm of the hand or sole of the foot, pith (as of bamboo)’ (eng)

*qatay qatay

‘climbing plant’ (eng); ‘Wedelia biflora’ (lat)

*qatay-an

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

*qate qate

‘calf of the leg’ (eng)

*qatimun

‘cucumber’ (eng)

*qatita

‘putty nut’ (eng); ‘Parinarium laurinum’ (lat)

*qatoluR

‘egg’ (eng)

*qatop

‘roof, thatch’ (eng)

*qatu

‘strike from above, pound’ (eng)

*qatuan

‘deity’ (eng)

*qatulay

‘fish: the big-eyed scad’ (eng); ‘Trachurops crumenophthalmus’ (lat)

*qatun

‘fish, skipjack tuna or bonito’ (eng)

*qatuR

‘stack up, in a row, lined up, order, arrange’ (eng)

*qaue

‘exclamation of joy or sorrow’ (eng)

*qauŋ

‘howl (of a dog)’ (eng)

*qauR

‘type of large bamboo’ (eng)

*qawa

‘fish sp.: the milkfish’ (eng); ‘Chanos chanos’ (lat)

*qawa

‘mouth’ (eng)

*qawan

‘fish sp.: the milkfish’ (eng); ‘Chanos chanos’ (lat)

*qawas

‘fish sp.: mullet sp.’ (eng); ‘Neomyxus chaptalii’ (lat)

*qayawan

‘banyan, strangler fig’ (eng)

*qayuyu

‘coconut crab’ (eng); ‘Birgus latro’ (lat)

*qenop

‘lie down to sleep’ (eng)

*qi

‘exclamation of pain, fear, excitement, etc.’ (eng)

*qi

‘genitive marker’ (eng)

*qia

‘exclamation (probably of affirmation or confirmation)’ (eng)

*qila

‘any natural mark on human skin, birthmark, freckle, mole’ (eng)

*qila-qila

‘have dark blotches on the skin’ (eng)

*qi(m)pun

‘heap, collection, gather, heap up’ (eng)

*qina

‘exclamation of astonishment, fright, etc.’ (eng)

*qinep

‘lie down to sleep’ (eng)

*qiŋet

‘angry, upset’ (eng)

*qiŋga

‘until (as far as), limit, boundary’ (eng)

*qio

‘yes, expression of affirmation’ (eng)

*qipil

‘hardwood tree’ (eng); ‘Intsia bijuga, Afzelia bijuga’ (lat)

*qiro

‘see, look at, behold’ (eng)

*qisaq

‘interjection of negative emotive force’ (eng)

*qisep

‘sucking, soaking up, absorbing’ (eng)

*qitaq

‘aggressiveness, anger’ (eng)

*qiteluR

‘egg, testicle’ (eng)

*qitem

‘black’ (eng)

*qitik

‘small, little, few’ (eng)

*qitiŋ

‘bunch of bananas’ (eng)

*qo

‘yes, agree, give assent’ (eng)

*qodaq

‘eat something raw’ (eng)

*qokok

‘cough’ (eng)

*qone

‘sand’ (eng)

*qone qone

‘sandy’ (eng)

*qoŋkom

‘hold something in the mouth’ (eng)

*qono

‘fish, barracuda’ (eng)

*qono

‘mend a net’ (eng)

*qonop

‘close, shut’ (eng)

*qoso

‘provisions for a journey’ (eng)

*qoti

‘finished, used up’ (eng)

*quban

‘gray hair’ (eng)

*qubi

‘yam’ (eng); ‘Dioscorea alata Linn.’ (lat)

*quciŋ

‘dark color’ (eng)

*qudip

‘life, alive’ (eng)

*que

‘rattan’ (eng); ‘Calamus sp.’ (lat)

*quku

‘bowstring’ (eng)

*qulej

‘maggot, caterpillar, larva of a metamorphosing insect’ (eng)

*qulej qulej

‘lots of worms, crawling with worms, extremely wormy’ (eng)

*qulej-an

‘have worms’ (eng)

*qules

‘clothing, wrapping’ (eng)

*quli

‘knead, mix together’ (eng)

*qulin

‘rudder, steer (a boat)’ (eng)

*quliŋ

‘rudder, steer (a boat)’ (eng)

*qulu

‘head, top part, leader, chief, headwaters, prow of a boat, first, first-born, hair of the head’ (eng)

*qulu ni panua

‘headland’ (eng)

*qulu qulu

‘head-end, upper part’ (eng)

*qulu tuhud

‘knee’ (eng)

*qulua

‘fish sp.’ (eng)

*qulun

‘rest the head on’ (eng)

*quluŋ-an

‘rest the head on, wooden headrest’ (eng)

*quma

‘swiddden, work a swidden’ (eng)

*qumaŋ qumaŋ

‘hermit crab’ (eng)

*qumata

‘snake’ (eng)

*qumay

‘unicorn fish’ (eng); ‘Naso spp.’ (lat)

*qumun

‘earth oven’ (eng)

*qumun-a

‘bake or roast in an earth oven’ (eng)

*qumun-i

‘cook in an earth oven’ (eng)

*qumuR

‘fill the mouth with food or water’ (eng)

*qumwaŋ

‘hermit crab’ (eng)

*qunap

‘scale of fish, shell of turtle’ (eng)

*qunap qunap

‘fish scales (collective?)’ (eng)

*qunap-i

‘scale a fish’ (eng)

*qunap-ia

‘scale a fish’ (eng)

*qunep

‘scales of fish or snake’ (eng)

*quŋal

‘mournful howl of a dog’ (eng)

*qunus

‘move along’ (eng)

*qunus qunus

‘move along’ (eng)

*qupa

‘hen, egg-laying chicken’ (eng)

*ququs

‘chewing on sugarcane’ (eng)

*quraŋ

‘shrimp, crayfish, lobster’ (eng)

*quRi

‘fruit tree’ (eng); ‘Spondias dulcis’ (lat)

*quruŋ

‘gather, collect, swarm around’ (eng)

*qusan

‘rain’ (eng)

*qusan patu

‘hail, hailstone’ (eng)

*qusan patu

‘hail’ (eng)

*qusan qusan

‘rain intermittently’ (eng)

*qusila

‘lightning’ (eng)

*qusuŋ

‘carry between two persons’ (eng)

*qusur

‘push, shove’ (eng)

*qutan

‘small, wild herbaceous plants, scrub-land, bush’ (eng)

*quto

‘pith of a tree’ (eng)

*qutok

‘brain’ (eng)

*qutud

‘fish sp.’ (eng)

*qutun

‘green jobfish’ (eng); ‘Aprion virescens’ (lat)

*qutup

‘submerge a container to fill it’ (eng)

*qutup-i

‘fill with liquid’ (eng)

*qutup-ia

‘fill it (imper.), filled’ (eng)

*qutut

‘flatulence, fart’ (eng)

*quzan-i

‘rain on (something)’ (eng)

*quzuŋ

‘mountain peak, cape of land, tip of anything’ (eng)

*Rabia

‘sago palm’ (eng)

*Rabi-Rabi

‘every night, happening every night’ (eng)

*rabuk

‘knock, pound, beat’ (eng)

*rago

‘stick, adhere’ (eng)

*rakaq

‘open’ (eng)

*rakat

‘walk’ (eng)

*raki

‘wind from the northeast (?)’ (eng)

*rakit

‘join along the length, raft’ (eng)

*rakop

‘embrace’ (eng)

*Rakut

‘tie together’ (eng)

*ralic

‘buttress root’ (eng)

*ralom

‘insides, area within, inner part of something, between, below, under, deep, mind, feelings’ (eng)

*ralom qate

‘(gloss uncertain)’ (eng)

*ramaR

‘light, luminosity’ (eng)

*ra(m)bek

‘strike, break’ (eng)

*ra(m)buk

‘knock, pound, beat’ (eng)

*Ramut

‘fibrous roots (as of grass)’ (eng)

*Raŋa

‘spider conch’ (eng); ‘Lambis lambis’ (lat)

*Raŋak

‘spider conch’ (eng); ‘Lambis lambis’ (lat)

*RaŋaR

‘spider conch’ (eng); ‘Lambis lambis’ (lat)

*Raŋaw

‘dry up, wither’ (eng)

*raŋi

‘near’ (eng)

*ra(ŋ)kup

‘gather in the cupped hands’ (eng)

*rano

‘lake’ (eng)

*ranum

‘fresh water’ (eng)

*rapaR

‘flat, level, even’ (eng)

*rapat

‘attack’ (eng)

*Rapi

‘afternoon, evening, yesterday’ (eng)

*Rapuk

‘worn out, decaying’ (eng)

*Rapun

‘misty, dim’ (eng)

*rapuR

‘hearth’ (eng)

*Raput

‘uproot, pull out by the roots’ (eng)

*raqan

‘branch, bough’ (eng)

*raqan kayu

‘branch of a tree’ (eng)

*raqani

‘day’ (eng)

*raqe

‘forehead’ (eng)

*Raqup

‘cup the hands’ (eng)

*rarap

‘tree with dense clusters of red flowers, Indian coral tree’ (eng); ‘Erythrina indica’ (lat)

*raRat

‘sea coast (?)’ (eng)

*ra-rua

‘two (of people)’ (eng)

*Rataq

‘coconut milk’ (eng)

*rataR

‘flat or level land’ (eng)

*Ratas

‘milk’ (eng)

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