Blust & Trussel (2019f): Proto-Oceanic
Search entries
| Headword | IPA | Glosses | |
|---|---|---|---|
| *<in> | ‘perfective marker’ | ||
| *-a | ‘3sg. object’ | ||
| *-a | ‘imperative suffix’ | ||
| *a | ‘article’ | ||
| *a | ‘conjunction: and’ | ||
| *a | ‘exclamation, interjection’ | ||
| *a | ‘hesitation particle’ | ||
| *a | ‘ligature’ | ||
| *a- | ‘adjectival prefix’ | ||
| *abi | ‘take hold of, grasp’ | ||
| *abit | ‘hold, get, take’ | ||
| *abu | ‘grandparent’ | ||
| *abut | ‘pull up, root up’ | ||
| *acan | ‘name’ | ||
| *acok | ‘sniff, kiss’ | ||
| *adom | ‘think, understand’ | ||
| *agup | ‘pick up with both hands’ | ||
| *ai | ‘anaphoric or relative particle: there, previously mentioned place’ | ||
| *ai | ‘interjection, exclamation of surprise, incredulity, etc.’ | ||
| *akaR | ‘root’ | ||
| *ake | ‘tree sp.’ | ||
| *akot | ‘point out, show, teach’ | ||
| *aku | ‘1sg nominative, I’ | ||
| *akup | ‘cover’ | ||
| *ala | ‘take, get, fetch, obtain, marry’ | ||
| *alali | ‘halibut, sole, flounder’ | ||
| *alap | ‘fetch, get, take’ | ||
| *alaq | ‘fetch, get, take’ | ||
| *aliq | ‘move, change place’ | ||
| *aluca | ‘paddle’ | ||
| *aluluŋ | ‘howl (of dogs)’ | ||
| *aluŋ | ‘shade, shadow’ | ||
| *aluton | ‘firewood’ | ||
| *amatu | ‘double-headed parrotfish’ | ||
| *amax | ‘father’ | ||
| *ami | ‘1pl. excl. nominative pronoun, we (exclusive)’ | ||
| *-an | ‘verbal suffix marking locative voice, nominal suffix marking location’ | ||
| *-ana | ‘attributive suffix’ | ||
| *ana<ŋa>ican | ‘when? (past)’ | ||
| *añam | ‘plait (mats, baskets, etc.)’ | ||
| *ane | ‘insect of the order Isoptera: termite, white ant’ | ||
| *aŋak | ‘out of breath, gasping’ | ||
| *aŋi | ‘sharp’ | ||
| *aŋin | ‘wind’ | ||
| *aŋin-aŋin | ‘gust, draft, current of air’ | ||
| *aŋit | ‘anger’ | ||
| *aŋo | ‘turmeric’; ‘Curcuma longa’ | ||
| *aŋo-aŋo-ana | ‘yellow’ | ||
| *aŋom | ‘stench’ | ||
| *aŋusu | ‘spit, spittle’ | ||
| *anu | ‘thing whose name is unknown’ | ||
| *a-nu-ku | ‘my unnamed thing: mine’ | ||
| *añuliŋ | ‘fruit-bearing plant’; ‘Pisonia umbellifera’ | ||
| *a-nu-mu | ‘your unnamed thing: yours’ | ||
| *anu-ña | ‘his/her unnamed thing: his/hers’ | ||
| *a-nusa | ‘small island, islet’ | ||
| *apa | ‘what?’ | ||
| *apa apa | ‘something, anything, everything’ | ||
| *api | ‘fire’ | ||
| *apic | ‘twins of the same sex’ | ||
| *apit | ‘pinch, squeeze’ | ||
| *apo | ‘high, lofty’ | ||
| *apon | ‘fishing line’ | ||
| *apuk | ‘dust’ | ||
| *apuŋ apuŋ | ‘floating’ | ||
| *ari | ‘demonstrative: this (?)’ | ||
| *ariRi | ‘housepost’ | ||
| *aRu | ‘shore tree’; ‘Casuarina equisetifolia’ | ||
| *aru | ‘many, much’ | ||
| *asam | ‘kind of fern’ | ||
| *asaŋ | ‘gills’ | ||
| *asaŋ-i | ‘gills of’ | ||
| *asaq | ‘sharpen, rub, grate’ | ||
| *asaq-i | transitive. ‘sharpen’ | ||
| *asio | ‘sneeze’ | ||
| *asok | ‘plant in holes in the ground’ | ||
| *asu | ‘fetch water, scoop up water’ | ||
| *ata | ‘1pl. incl. possessive pronoun: our’ | ||
| *atas | ‘high, tall’ | ||
| *atas-ña | ‘its top’ | ||
| *atay | ‘death’ | ||
| *ati | ‘negative marker’ | ||
| *a-tu | ‘away, outward, forward, onward, towards the hearer’ | ||
| *atu | ‘away from speaker’ | ||
| *au | ‘dew’ | ||
| *au | ‘yes’ | ||
| *aura | ‘type of wind’ | ||
| *awa | ‘exclamation of surprise’ | ||
| *awe | ‘wave’ | ||
| *aya | ‘exclamation of annoyance, surprise, etc.’ | ||
| *aya | ‘father’s sister, father’s sister’s husband’ | ||
| *ba | ‘down, under’ | ||
| *ba | ‘or, because, but, perhaps’ | ||
| *baba | ‘father’ | ||
| *babak | ‘break, chip off’ | ||
| *babak | ‘peel off bark’ | ||
| *babak | ‘strike, chip stone’ | ||
| *baban | ‘board, plank, side of canoe’ | ||
| *babaŋ | ‘fish sp.’ | ||
| *babaŋ | ‘hole, cavern’ | ||
| *babaR | ‘side of the face, cheek, side planks of a canoe’ | ||
| *bak | ‘strike against’ | ||
| *baka | ‘conjunction: despite, nonetheless’ | ||
| *baka | ‘kind of banyan tree’; ‘Ficus sp.’ | ||
| *bakewak | ‘shark’ | ||
| *baki | ‘break off with the hand’ | ||
| *baku | ‘scab, crust’ | ||
| *bakul | ‘fish: triggerfish sp.(?)’ | ||
| *bala | ‘fence, animal pen, fortification’ | ||
| *balai | ‘fish sp.’ | ||
| *balai | ‘wild yam’; ‘Dioscorea sp.’ | ||
| *balalan | ‘slant, lean over (as a tree)’ | ||
| *balaŋ | ‘side, part’ | ||
| *balaŋi | ‘fish sp.’ | ||
| *balapaq | ‘mid-rib of coconut leaf’ | ||
| *balaR | ‘pale, albino’ | ||
| *bali | ‘answer, oppose, opposite side or part, partner, friend, enemy’ | ||
| *bali | ‘fish sp.’ | ||
| *bali | ‘repay, replace, take revenge’ | ||
| *baliw | ‘cluster (c) == don mourning apparel, mourn for a deceased spouse’ | ||
| *baluc | ‘dove sp.’ | ||
| *balun | ‘mix’ | ||
| *balut | ‘mix’ | ||
| *banaRu | ‘Indian tulip tree’; ‘Thespesia populnea’ | ||
| *baŋi | ‘bait’ | ||
| *banic | ‘wing’ | ||
| *baniŋ | ‘bait’ | ||
| *baqoRu | ‘new, recent, young, fresh’ | ||
| *baRa | ‘fence, animal pen, fortification’ | ||
| *baRa | ‘storage shelf above the hearth’ | ||
| *bara | ‘fence, animal pen, fortification’ | ||
| *baRa baRa | ‘crosswise’ | ||
| *barabara | ‘crosspiece’ | ||
| *baraŋ | ‘marker of indefiniteness: if, perhaps, hopefully, or, any’ | ||
| *baRat | ‘crosswise beam or shelf’ | ||
| *barat | ‘crosswise beam or shelf’ | ||
| *bari | ‘nibble at, gnaw at something hard’ | ||
| *baRoq | ‘boil’ | ||
| *basu | ‘anger, angry’ | ||
| *bataŋ | ‘tree trunk, fallen tree, fallen log, stem of a plant, body, corpse, self, bridge of the nose, most important or preeminent thing, main course of a river, mushroom or bracket fungus that grows on tree trunks or decaying logs’ | ||
| *bati | ‘canine tooth (?)’ | ||
| *batu | ‘kidney’ | ||
| *batu | ‘throw’ | ||
| *batu-batu | ‘stony, gravel’ | ||
| *batuk | ‘head’ | ||
| *bayan | ‘bait’ | ||
| *bebe | ‘butterfly, butterfly fish’; ‘Chaetodon spp.’ | ||
| *beka | ‘split, crack open’ | ||
| *bekas | ‘defecate’ | ||
| *bekeR | ‘defecate’ | ||
| *bele | ‘shrub sp., kind of shrub’ | ||
| *belu | ‘bend, curve’ | ||
| *beŋaŋ | ‘disconcert, confuse’ | ||
| *benu | ‘coconut husk’ | ||
| *beRŋi-na | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ | ||
| *beta | ‘breadfruit’ | ||
| *bia | ‘sandy soil (?)’ | ||
| *bia-bia | ‘limestone sediment (?)’ | ||
| *bibi | ‘bivalve mollusk sp., lucine clam’ | ||
| *bibit | ‘pinch, squeeze’ | ||
| *bikit | ‘attached to’ | ||
| *biko | ‘bent, twisted’ | ||
| *bila | ‘lightning’ | ||
| *bilac | ‘exposed to the sun’ | ||
| *bilak | ‘special talent’ | ||
| *bilu-bilu | ‘large marine fish, jackfish or trevally’ | ||
| *binam | ‘bird, hornbill’ | ||
| *binaR | ‘flash of light’ | ||
| *biŋa | ‘kind of shellfish’ | ||
| *binit | ‘carry’ | ||
| *binu | ‘fold over, fold up’ | ||
| *bio | ‘type of shell, possibly nautilus’ | ||
| *biRa | ‘roe, eggs of fish or crustacean’ | ||
| *biRaq | ‘semen, smegma, grease’ | ||
| *biRas | ‘semen, smegma, grease’ | ||
| *birat | ‘scar’ | ||
| *bisik | ‘splash, spatter, splatter’ | ||
| *bitak | ‘mud’ | ||
| *bitiq | ‘small, few’ | ||
| *bito | ‘navel’ | ||
| *bituŋ | ‘bamboo sp.’ | ||
| *bobo | ‘foolish, fool’ | ||
| *boboc | ‘bundle (of firewood, etc.)’ | ||
| *boboŋ | ‘butterfly’ | ||
| *boboŋ | ‘overcrowd’ | ||
| *boboŋ | ‘shut off’ | ||
| *boi | ‘call, summon’ | ||
| *boi | ‘divide, share, portion (as of food)’ | ||
| *boi | ‘smell, odor’ | ||
| *bolo bolo | ‘small dark surgeonfish’; ‘possibly Ctenochaetus’ | ||
| *boma | ‘kind of seaweed used to paint canoes’ | ||
| *bona | ‘pigeon sp.’ | ||
| *bona | ‘smell, odor, scent’ | ||
| *boŋa | ‘speak sharply or in anger’ | ||
| *boŋi | ‘night’ | ||
| *boŋi-a | ‘overcome by night, benighted’ | ||
| *boŋol | ‘mute, unable to speak’ | ||
| *bonor | ‘stopped up, plugged’ | ||
| *bonor | ‘true, correct, upright’ | ||
| *bonot | ‘closed, dammed up’ | ||
| *boñu | ‘hidden from view’ | ||
| *boRok | ‘pig’ | ||
| *bosuR | ‘satisfied from having eaten enough, satiated’ | ||
| *boto | ‘short’ | ||
| *botu | ‘explode’ | ||
| *bou | ‘smell, odor’ | ||
| *bou roŋoR | ‘smell’ | ||
| *(bp)ala | ‘dried out’ | ||
| *(bp)ala | ‘fight’ | ||
| *(bp)ala(bp)ala | ‘fish sp.’ | ||
| *(bp)alu | ‘tree sp.’ | ||
| *(bp)una | ‘plant used as fish poison’ | ||
| *bua | ‘flower, blossom’ | ||
| *bua | ‘foam, bubbles, froth’ | ||
| *bua bua | ‘species of climber used for decorative purposes’ | ||
| *bual bual | ‘species of palm used for making spears and bows, palm-wood spear or bow’ | ||
| *buaq | ‘areca nut and palm, heart’ | ||
| *buaq na batu | ‘round stone (?)’ | ||
| *buaq ni bities | ‘calf of the leg’ | ||
| *buat | ‘make, create, invent’ | ||
| *buat-an | ‘made, created’ | ||
| *bubu | ‘constellation: The Southern Cross’ | ||
| *bubu | ‘grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal term of address)’ | ||
| *bubu | ‘plant used for perfuming the body’ | ||
| *bubu | ‘rub on’ | ||
| *bubu | ‘trigger fish’; ‘Balistes sp.’ | ||
| *bubuni | ‘smear, paint over’ | ||
| *bubuR | ‘drive pigs into a net’ | ||
| *buburu | ‘grass, grow densely (as grass)’ | ||
| *bubu₈ | ‘sing, song’ | ||
| *bukal | ‘bubble up (as spring water)’ | ||
| *bukbuk-an | ‘attacked by wood worms’ | ||
| *buku | ‘node (as in bamboo or sugarcane), joint, knuckle, knot in wood, knot in string or rope’; ‘Mons veneris’ | ||
| *buku ni lima | ‘wrist bone’ | ||
| *buku ni waqay | ‘ankle bone’ | ||
| *buku-an | ‘have joints, have protuberances’ | ||
| *buku-buku | ‘node, joint, knuckle, swelling under the skin’ | ||
| *bula | ‘kindle, light a fire, set ablaze’ | ||
| *bulat | ‘open the eyes wide, stare with round eyes’ | ||
| *buli buli | ‘fish sp.’ | ||
| *buliŋ | ‘turn over, roll over, transform, upside down’ | ||
| *buliq | ‘cowrie shell’; ‘Cypraea mauritiana’ | ||
| *bulit | ‘caulk, fill up a hole or crack with viscous material’ | ||
| *bulos | ‘turn around, turn back’ | ||
| *bu(lR)i | ‘roll on the ground, wallow’ | ||
| *bulu ni babuy | ‘pig bristles, type of sea urchin with thin black spines’ | ||
| *buluŋ | ‘dark green, dark blue’ | ||
| *buluq | ‘type of slender bamboo’; ‘Schizostachyum spp.’ | ||
| *bulut | ‘birdlime’ | ||
| *bulut | ‘hairy filaments of certain plants, husk’ | ||
| *buna | ‘fish sp.’ | ||
| *bunaR | ‘batfish’; ‘Platax spp.’ | ||
| *bune | ‘fruit dove’; ‘probably Treron spp.’ | ||
| *bune bune | ‘greenish fruit dove’ | ||
| *buŋa | ‘kind of porous, white, round and flat coral growth’ | ||
| *buŋi | ‘night, darkness’ | ||
| *buntu buntu | ‘small hill, knoll’ | ||
| *buntut | ‘rear end of an animal’ | ||
| *bunut | ‘coconut husk, coir’ | ||
| *buqi | ‘pour water on, douse (as a fire)’ | ||
| *bura | ‘discharge of pus’ | ||
| *buraq | ‘foam, bubbles, bubble up’ | ||
| *buRat | ‘tree with sweet-smelling flowers’; ‘Fagraea berteroana’ | ||
| *buRiq | ‘wash (as the hands)’ | ||
| *buRit | ‘hind part, rear, back’ | ||
| *burit | ‘hind part, rear, back’ | ||
| *buRu | ‘blow’ | ||
| *burul | ‘blunt, dull’ | ||
| *busa | ‘container for solid objects, package’ | ||
| *busa | ‘foam, suds’ | ||
| *buta | ‘affliction of the eyes’ | ||
| *buta | ‘hole, opening, vagina’ | ||
| *butaq | ‘earth, soil’ | ||
| *buto | ‘navel’ | ||
| *butu | ‘group, crowd, flock, school, bunch, cluster’ | ||
| *butul | ‘break, cut’ | ||
| *buu | ‘conch shell trumpet’ | ||
| *buu | ‘corner’ | ||
| *buu | ‘cough’ | ||
| *bwala | ‘shell, peeling, skin’ | ||
| *bwara | ‘shell, peeling, skin’ | ||
| *bweka | ‘fruit bat, flying fox’ | ||
| *bwisi | ‘finger (?)’ | ||
| *Cenek | ‘thorn’ | ||
| *cupcup | ‘sip, suck’ | ||
| *-da | ‘1pl. incl. nominative and hortative pronoun’ | ||
| *-da | ‘1pl. incl. possessive suffix’ | ||
| *da | ‘1pl. incl. subject prefix and possessive suffix, we (incl.), our (incl.)’ | ||
| *dabuk | ‘pound, beat’ | ||
| *damwa | ‘forehead’ | ||
| *daŋdaŋ | ‘warm oneself or something near a fire, heat or dry near a fire’ | ||
| *daŋkeq | ‘branch, twig’ | ||
| *daReq | ‘soil, probably clay’ | ||
| *daRi | ‘fish’; ‘Scomberoides sp.’ | ||
| *datu | ‘lineage priest (?)’ | ||
| *daula | ‘frigate bird’ | ||
| *diqaq | ‘good’ | ||
| *drali | ‘slitgong’ | ||
| *d(r)amut | ‘lime spatula’ | ||
| *draŋi | ‘day’ | ||
| *draRaq | ‘blood’ | ||
| *draula | ‘frigate bird’ | ||
| *drolom | ‘dark’ | ||
| *droŋan | ‘with, in conjunction with, companion’ | ||
| *drulas | ‘slip or slide’ | ||
| *druru | ‘owl’ | ||
| *e | ‘numeral prefix, cardinal numeral marker’ | ||
| *e boŋi | ‘it is getting dark, night is coming on’ | ||
| *eŋap | ‘gasp for breath’ | ||
| *esa | ‘one’ | ||
| *galu | ‘stir, mix’ | ||
| *gama | ‘morning star?’ | ||
| *ga-pica | ‘how much?, how many?’ | ||
| *garus | ‘scratch’ | ||
| *gem | ‘hold in the fist’ | ||
| *gerit | ‘sound of scraping or scratching’ | ||
| *gomol | ‘squeeze, hold tight, clutch’ | ||
| *gomuR | ‘hold liquid in the mouth, gargle’ | ||
| *-gu | ‘1sg possessive pronoun, my’ | ||
| *gurat | ‘tree with roots that furnish a red dye’; ‘Morinda citrifolia’ | ||
| *guru | ‘noise, tumult’ | ||
| *guRuŋ | ‘deep rumbling sound, thunder’ | ||
| *h<um>una | ‘do or go first’ | ||
| *ha | ‘locative particle’ | ||
| *habaRat | ‘southwest monsoon’ | ||
| *hawak | ‘waist, back of the waist’ | ||
| *hebun | ‘group, pile’ | ||
| *hedaw | ‘stop, cease (of rain)’ | ||
| *heŋak | ‘out of breath’ | ||
| *hesi | ‘flesh, meat’ | ||
| *hi- | ‘originate from, come from’ | ||
| *-i | ‘local transitive suffix’ | ||
| *i | ‘exclamation of wonder, disgust, etc.’ | ||
| *i | ‘generic marker of location in space or time’ | ||
| *i | ‘numeral prefix’ | ||
| *i | ‘personal article’ | ||
| *i- | ‘verbal prefix marking instrumental or benefactive voice’ | ||
| *i papo | ‘above, on the top’ | ||
| *i rarom | ‘below, beneath, inside’ | ||
| *-ia | ‘transitive and imperative suffix’ | ||
| *ia | ‘3sg. personal pronoun: he, she, him, her, it’ | ||
| *ia | ‘this, here, that, there’ | ||
| *i-aku | ‘1sg., I, me’ | ||
| *ia-ni | ‘this, here’ | ||
| *iaqi | ‘demonstrative marker of uncertain meaning’ | ||
| *ias | ‘particle of doubt or interrogation’ | ||
| *iba iba | ‘remainder, surplus’ | ||
| *ibe | ‘mat’ | ||
| *ibo | ‘edible sea worm’; ‘Sipunculus spp.’ | ||
| *ibu | ‘container for liquids’ | ||
| *ican | ‘when?’ | ||
| *icud | ‘budge, shift, move aside’ | ||
| *icuŋ | ‘nose’ | ||
| *ihi | ‘exclamation of surprise, etc.’ | ||
| *ika-lima | ‘fifth (ordinal numeral)’ | ||
| *ikan | ‘fish’ | ||
| *ika-onom | ‘sixth’ | ||
| *ika-pitu | ‘seventh’ | ||
| *ika-siwa | ‘ninth’ | ||
| *ika-tolu | ‘third’ | ||
| *ika-walu | ‘eighth (ordinal)’ | ||
| *ike | ‘mallet for beating bark into bark cloth’ | ||
| *iko | ‘2sg., you’ | ||
| *ikuR | ‘tail’ | ||
| *ikuR ikuR | ‘trailing behind’ | ||
| *ila | ‘wild, timorous, shy’ | ||
| *ilap | ‘flicker (of flames)’ | ||
| *i-laur | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ | ||
| *ili | ‘thwarts of a canoe’ | ||
| *i-lima | ‘five’ | ||
| *iliŋ | ‘pour’ | ||
| *ilo | ‘inside, interior, thoughts, emotions, memories’ | ||
| *ilo | ‘look at’ | ||
| *ima | ‘kind of pandanus with leaves useful for plaiting’ | ||
| *imi | ‘2p. pl. pronoun: you’ | ||
| *i-na | ‘that, there’ | ||
| *ina | ‘mother, mother's sister, female animal, largest member of a set’ | ||
| *ina ama | ‘parents’ | ||
| *inap | ‘sneer, laugh in derision’ | ||
| *iŋaR | ‘loud (of the voice), voice’ | ||
| *i-ni | ‘this, here’ | ||
| *inum | ‘act of drinking’ | ||
| *inum-ia | ‘drink it! (imper.)’ | ||
| *inum-inum | ‘drink (repetitive, frequentative, etc.)’ | ||
| *io | ‘spear’ | ||
| *i-palu | ‘make war on’ | ||
| *ipaR- | ‘sibling-in-law of the same sex’ | ||
| *ipi | ‘blow’ | ||
| *ipi | ‘the ‘Tahitian chestnut’’; ‘Inocarpus fagiferus or I. edulis’ | ||
| *ipon | ‘tooth’ | ||
| *ipoR | ‘saliva in the mouth, drool, desire, crave, lust for’ | ||
| *ipos | ‘cockroach’ | ||
| *ipu- | ‘hair, feather’ | ||
| *ipun | ‘cover with earth’ | ||
| *iput | ‘pull out, uproot’ | ||
| *iqi | ‘exclamation of surprise, pain, etc.’ | ||
| *ira | ‘they, them’ | ||
| *iri | ‘that, there’ | ||
| *iRimo | ‘tree’; ‘probably Octomeles spp.’ | ||
| *iriŋ | ‘follow, accompany’ | ||
| *irir | ‘fan’ | ||
| *iro iro | ‘reflect, shine’ | ||
| *iRup | ‘sip (as soup)’ | ||
| *isa | ‘name’ | ||
| *isa | ‘one’ | ||
| *i-sai | ‘who?’ | ||
| *isi | ‘hiss’ | ||
| *isi | ‘peel, strip off’ | ||
| *isi | ‘scrape (as coconut meat from a shell), grate (as coconut meat)’ | ||
| *isop | ‘suck, inhale’ | ||
| *isud | ‘budge, shift, move’ | ||
| *isug | ‘clean oneself by scrubbing’ | ||
| *ita | ‘we (incl.)’ | ||
| *iti | ‘there, that’ | ||
| *iu | ‘bathe’ | ||
| *iu | ‘spear’ | ||
| *jalan | ‘path, road, way’ | ||
| *jama | ‘mate, companion, like, similar to’ | ||
| *jaot | ‘spear, harpoon’ | ||
| *jaRu | ‘choral singing, blend voices in song’ | ||
| *jila | ‘yardarm, sheet of a sail, sticks used to turn the sail’ | ||
| *jiŋana | ‘whitebait’ | ||
| *jiwaŋ | ‘gap, open space’ | ||
| *joŋjoŋ | ‘cork, stopper, plug’ | ||
| *jukul | ‘cornered, unable to escape’ | ||
| *jukul | ‘measure vertically’ | ||
| *k<in>an | ‘food, meat’ | ||
| *ka | ‘(human) member of a category’ | ||
| *ka | ‘2sg. subject pronoun’ | ||
| *ka | conjunctive particle. ‘and’ | ||
| *ka | ‘conditional, if’ | ||
| *ka- | ‘past participle/achieved state’ | ||
| *ka- | ‘prefix for ordinal numerals’ | ||
| *kabak | ‘beat, flap the wings’ | ||
| *kaba-kabak | ‘flap the wings repeatedly’ | ||
| *kabat | ‘canoes joined together lengthwise (?)’ | ||
| *kabe | ‘jointed creeper which yields fiber used to make cordage and fishnets’ | ||
| *kabe | ‘wing’ | ||
| *kabi | ‘catch (as in a trap)’ | ||
| *kabit | ‘adhere, stick to’ | ||
| *kaboRa | ‘catfish’ | ||
| *kabuŋ | ‘stomach of an animal’ | ||
| *kada | ‘stalk or cluster of fruit’ | ||
| *kadapuR | ‘rain cloud’ | ||
| *kadik | ‘large black ant with painful sting, probably bulldog ant’ | ||
| *kadoRa | ‘cuscus, phalanger’ | ||
| *kadro | ‘neck’ | ||
| *kadrut | ‘scratch an itch’ | ||
| *kaen | ‘eat’ | ||
| *ka-epat | ‘fourth’ | ||
| *kai | ‘(human) member of a category’ | ||
| *ka-ica | ‘when?’ | ||
| *kak | ‘sound of a cackle, loud laugh, etc.’ | ||
| *kaka | ‘elder sibling of the same sex’ | ||
| *kaka | ‘fibrous integument at the base of coconut fronds’ | ||
| *kaka | ‘flaky skin disease’ | ||
| *kakakₐ | ‘cackle’ | ||
| *kakap | ‘stammer, stutter’ | ||
| *kakaq | ‘split’ | ||
| *kakar-i | ‘scratch up the earth (as a fowl)’ | ||
| *kakas | ‘scrape, scratch’ | ||
| *kakas(-i) | ‘split’ | ||
| *kakas-i | ‘scrape, abrade’ | ||
| *kakat-i | ‘chew or bite off’ | ||
| *kakawa | ‘goby, blenny’ | ||
| *kalapo | ‘rat, mouse’ | ||
| *kalaqabusi | ‘shrub’; ‘Acalypha sp.’ | ||
| *kali ~ keli | ‘dig’ | ||
| *kalia | ‘large fish, probably grouper’ | ||
| *kalik | ‘wooden headrest’ | ||
| *kalika | ‘rock cod, grouper’ | ||
| *kalo | ‘neck’ | ||
| *kalu | ‘stir, mix’ | ||
| *kamaliR | ‘bachelor’s house, men’s house’ | ||
| *kamami | ‘1p. excl., we’ | ||
| *kamaRi | ‘fish, rainbow runner’; ‘Elagatis bipinnulata’ | ||
| *kamatu | ‘double-headed parrotfish’ | ||
| *kamay | ‘hand’ | ||
| *kambuR | ‘sprinkle, scatter (seed, etc.)’ | ||
| *k-ami | ‘1pl. excl. nominative pronoun, we (exclusive)’ | ||
| *kamisu | ‘spittle, spit’ | ||
| *kamit | ‘scratch’ | ||
| *kamiu | ‘2pl. nominate and genitive, you all, your’ | ||
| *ka(m)pet | ‘plugged, stopped, blocked’ | ||
| *kamu | ‘2pl. nominative, you all’ | ||
| *kamu | ‘chew, move to and fro in the mouth’ | ||
| *kamu | ‘sheath of a coconut?’ | ||
| *kamwa-kamwa | ‘Ficus sp.’ | ||
| *kana | ‘enemy’ | ||
| *kana | ‘food’ | ||
| *kana- | ‘classifier for edible possession’ | ||
| *kana-kana | ‘think, ponder’ | ||
| *kanam | ‘sing, song’ | ||
| *kanan | ‘food’ | ||
| *kanap | ‘creep, crawl’ | ||
| *kanari | ‘tree with edible nut, Canarium almond’; ‘Canarium commune’ | ||
| *kanarum | ‘tree sp.’ | ||
| *kanase | ‘fish, mullet’ | ||
| *kanawa | ‘tree’; ‘Cordia spp.’ | ||
| *kanawe | ‘kind of white sea bird, probably gull sp.’ | ||
| *kaŋ | ‘animal sound’ | ||
| *kaŋa | ‘open (as the mouth)’ | ||
| *kaŋaRi | ‘tree with edible nut, Canarium almond’; ‘Canarium commune’ | ||
| *kaŋkaŋ | ‘resounding sound’ | ||
| *kani | ‘eat’ | ||
| *kani kani | ‘eat, keep on eating’ | ||
| *kani-a | ‘eat it’ | ||
| *kani-kani | ‘scruffiness of the skin, dirt, dregs’ | ||
| *kanisu | ‘spit at (as an insult?)’ | ||
| *kanon | ‘flesh, kernel’ | ||
| *kanoŋ | ‘flesh, meat, coconut flesh’ | ||
| *kanoŋ qi mata | ‘eyeball’ | ||
| *kañu-kañu | ‘shake (as a house in an earthquake)’ | ||
| *kañul | ‘shake (as the earth in an earthquake)’ | ||
| *kañul-kañul | ‘shake repeatedly’ | ||
| *kanus | ‘spittle, spit’ | ||
| *kao | ‘heron’; ‘probably Egretta sp.’ | ||
| *kape | ‘crab taxon, probably a rock crab’; ‘Grapsidae’ | ||
| *kape | ‘flutter the wings’ | ||
| *kapika | ‘Malay apple’; ‘Syzygium malaccense’ | ||
| *kapiku | ‘Malay apple’; ‘Syzygium malaccense’ | ||
| *kapit | ‘pinch, press between, fasten thatch together with slats in roofing a house’ | ||
| *ka-pitu | ‘seven times’ | ||
| *kapuq | ‘ladle, dipper, scoop, cup’ | ||
| *kapuR | ‘lime, calcium carbonate’ | ||
| *kapuru | ‘soot’ | ||
| *kaput | ‘fog, haze, mist’ | ||
| *kaput | ‘tie or clasp together, button’ | ||
| *kapwa | ‘belly’ | ||
| *kaq(e)pi | ‘brace, splint’ | ||
| *kaqit | ‘hold or pull with a hook’ | ||
| *kaRa | ‘male Eclectus Parrot’; ‘Eclectus roratus’ | ||
| *ka-Rabiqi | ‘evening (?)’ | ||
| *karagwam | ‘seaweed, seagrass’ | ||
| *karak | ‘ringworm’ | ||
| *karak | ‘strong southeast trade wind’ | ||
| *kaRaka | ‘crawl’ | ||
| *kaRakap | ‘crab sp.’ | ||
| *kara-karawa | ‘blue-green’ | ||
| *karamea | ‘tongue’ | ||
| *karaŋi | ‘near’ | ||
| *karani | ‘near’ | ||
| *karasi | ‘scrape off, peel off’ | ||
| *kaRat | ‘bite’ | ||
| *karat | ‘small stinging plant’; ‘perhaps Laportea interrupta’ | ||
| *kaRati | ‘bite’ | ||
| *karawina | ‘blue-green’ | ||
| *kaRi | ‘bivalve species used as a scraper’ | ||
| *kari | ‘scratch, scrape’ | ||
| *karis | ‘scratch, scrape’ | ||
| *kaRo | ‘scratch’ | ||
| *kaRu | ‘say, tell, speak’ | ||
| *kaRu | ‘swim’ | ||
| *ka-rua | ‘second’ | ||
| *kaRud | ‘scrape, grate, rasp’ | ||
| *kaRuki | ‘sand crab’ | ||
| *kaRus | ‘scrape’ | ||
| *karut | ‘coconut growth stage 6: green drinking coconut’ | ||
| *kasaw | ‘rafter, diagonal bamboo poles to which thatch panels are lashed’ | ||
| *kasi | ‘scrape, scraper or grater made from circular bivalve shell’; ‘Asaphis spp.’ | ||
| *kasika | ‘fish, large emperor’; ‘Lethrinus sp.’ | ||
| *kaso | ‘coconut leaf basket’ | ||
| *kaso | ‘reed’ | ||
| *kasu | ‘smoke’ | ||
| *kasupe | ‘rat’ | ||
| *kasusu | ‘coconut crab’ | ||
| *katae | ‘free side of canoe, opposite the outrigger’ | ||
| *kataman | ‘door, doorway’ | ||
| *katapa | ‘frigate bird’ | ||
| *katapaŋ | ‘tree sp.’ | ||
| *ka-taqu | ‘right hand, right side’ | ||
| *katawan | ‘fish sp.’ | ||
| *kati | ‘bite’ | ||
| *katiR | ‘(small) outrigger canoe or canoe hull’ | ||
| *katita | ‘putty nut’; ‘Parinari laurinum’ | ||
| *ka-tolu | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ | ||
| *katou | ‘kind of hermit crab’ | ||
| *katuk | ‘knock’ | ||
| *kau | ‘catch (as with a hook)’ | ||
| *kau | ‘lime, coral limestone’ | ||
| *kaubebe | ‘butterfly’ | ||
| *kauŋ | ‘reverberate (of a sound)’ | ||
| *kauRi | ‘left side’ | ||
| *kauru | ‘bamboo sp.’ | ||
| *kawa-kawa | ‘rock cod, grouper sp.’ | ||
| *kawar | ‘crawl’ | ||
| *kawe | ‘carry, carry away’ | ||
| *kawe | ‘tentacles of octopus, squid, jellyfish, etc., rays of the sun’ | ||
| *kawe | ‘tentacles of octopus, squid, jellyfish, etc., rays of the sun’ | ||
| *kawil | ‘fishhook’ | ||
| *kawit | ‘hook’ | ||
| *kayajo | ‘outrigger boom’ | ||
| *kayu | ‘wood, strong, stiff, penis (colloquial)’ | ||
| *kayu kayu | ‘strong, tough, inflexible’ | ||
| *kayu-kayu | ‘forest, wooded area’ | ||
| *keja | ‘intense green or blue-green’ | ||
| *keju | ‘back of the head’ | ||
| *kek | ‘squawk’ | ||
| *keke | ‘coil, bend’ | ||
| *keke | ‘crunch, sound of crunching’ | ||
| *kekekeke | ‘kind of plover and its cry’ | ||
| *ke(k)kek | ‘cluck’ | ||
| *kelap | ‘shine, sparkle, twinkle’ | ||
| *kelaq | ‘crack, split’ | ||
| *kelas | ‘peel, skin off’ | ||
| *keleŋ | ‘cut into pieces’ | ||
| *keli | ‘dig up’ | ||
| *ke(m)pal | ‘lump, clod (as of earth)’ | ||
| *ke(m)pus | ‘come to an end’ | ||
| *keŋ | ‘hollow, resounding sound’ | ||
| *keŋkeŋ | ‘hollow, resounding sound’ | ||
| *keŋkeŋ | ‘shrink’ | ||
| *kepik | ‘dent’ | ||
| *keRa | ‘hawksbill turtle’; ‘Chelonia imbricata’ | ||
| *keRaŋ | ‘deep reverberating sound’ | ||
| *kerap | ‘shine, sparkle, twinkle’ | ||
| *keRe | ‘vulva, vagina’ | ||
| *ke(R)lap | ‘flash, shine’ | ||
| *keRteŋ | ‘kind of striped or spotted marine fish, grouper’; ‘Epinephelus spp.’ | ||
| *keRut | ‘gnaw, sound of gnawing on something’ | ||
| *kese | ‘keep to oneself, different, alone’ | ||
| *kese-kese | ‘varied, different (?)’ | ||
| *keteŋ | ‘straighten out (of a limb, etc.)’ | ||
| *ketil | ‘pinch off’ | ||
| *ki | ‘allative marker: to, toward’ | ||
| *kiajo | ‘outrigger boom’ | ||
| *kiak | ‘squawk (as a frightened chicken)’ | ||
| *kiaw | ‘puling sound of a bird’ | ||
| *kibit | ‘narrow’ | ||
| *kidik | ‘tap or beat lightly on’ | ||
| *kidiq | ‘tickle’ | ||
| *kik | ‘peep, squeak, giggle’ | ||
| *kikau | ‘Bismarck scrub fowl’; ‘Megapodius eremita’ | ||
| *kiki | ‘kingfisher’; ‘Halcyon spp.’ | ||
| *kiki | ‘small, stunted’ | ||
| *kikik | ‘squeak (as a mouse), giggle’ | ||
| *kikir | ‘file, rasp’ | ||
| *kikit | ‘small, trifling’ | ||
| *kila | ‘wild, skittish (as animals)’ | ||
| *kila-kila | ‘wild, untamed’ | ||
| *kila-kilat | ‘shine, flash repeatedly’ | ||
| *kilala | ‘know (a person), recognize, acquainted with, feel, perceive’ | ||
| *kilat | ‘lightning’ | ||
| *kilat | ‘open the eyes wide’ | ||
| *kilep | ‘glance, glimpse’ | ||
| *kili | ‘turn over, dig by turning over (as rocks)’ | ||
| *kilik | ‘tickle’ | ||
| *kilo | ‘corner of the eye’ | ||
| *kiluŋ | ‘curved, bay’ | ||
| *kiluq | ‘bend, curve, bent, curved, crooked’ | ||
| *kima | ‘giant clamor’; ‘Tridacna gigas’ | ||
| *kimet | ‘blink, flash’ | ||
| *kinit | ‘pinch, nip, pluck’ | ||
| *kipau | ‘Bismarck scrub fowl’; ‘Megapodius eremita’ | ||
| *kiRa | ‘bird, tern sp.’ | ||
| *kiRak | ‘parrot sp.’; ‘possibly Eclectus parrot’ | ||
| *kiRam | ‘axe or adze’ | ||
| *kiras | ‘scar’ | ||
| *kiRe | ‘pandanus, mat made from the leaves of this plant’; ‘Pandanus odoratissimus’ | ||
| *kiRe-kiRe | ‘pandanus sp.’ | ||
| *kiri | ‘tickle’ | ||
| *kirik | ‘tickle’ | ||
| *kisog | ‘twist spasmodically, wriggle’ | ||
| *k-ita | ‘we (incl.)’ | ||
| *kita | ‘see’ | ||
| *kitik | ‘tick, make a ticking or light knocking sound’ | ||
| *kitoŋ | ‘Rabbitfish’; ‘Siganus punctatus (family Siganidae)’ | ||
| *kiuk | ‘peep, cheep’ | ||
| *kiuq | ‘movement in coitus, sexual intercourse’ | ||
| *kiur | ‘movement in coitus’ | ||
| *kiwiwi | ‘shore bird: sandpiper, Pacific Golden Plover’ | ||
| *kiₐ | ‘oblique case marker for singular personal nouns’ | ||
| *ko | ‘2sg., you’ | ||
| *koba | ‘hermit crab’ | ||
| *kobit | ‘press together, pressed together’ | ||
| *kobit | ‘touch’ | ||
| *kobot | ‘tie by binding’ | ||
| *kobuŋ | ‘swollen’ | ||
| *kodoŋ | ‘straight, straighten’ | ||
| *kodos | ‘go straight, straighten’ | ||
| *koe | ‘2sg., you’ | ||
| *koi | ‘coconut shell’ | ||
| *kojom | ‘sharp pointed stick used in planting crops and in husking coconuts, digging stick, coconut husking stick’ | ||
| *kojom-i | ‘dig with a digging stick, husk coconuts with a husking stick’ | ||
| *koka | ‘tree’; ‘Macaranga spp., Euphorbiaceae’ | ||
| *koki | ‘lame, limp’ | ||
| *koko | ‘kind of house spider’ | ||
| *kokok | ‘animal sound’ | ||
| *kokom | ‘fist, hold in the fist’ | ||
| *kokom-i | ‘clasp firmly’ | ||
| *kokop | ‘enclose, shut in’ | ||
| *kokos | ‘scratch, scrape’ | ||
| *komi | ‘suckerfish, remora, hold on by biting’; ‘Echineis naucrates’ | ||
| *komi | ‘suckerfish, remora’ | ||
| *komos | ‘grip, compress, close in on’ | ||
| *koŋa | ‘kind of marine fish’ | ||
| *koŋe | ‘squeal (as in excitement)’ | ||
| *kop-i | ‘hold close’ | ||
| *kopu | ‘low cloud, mist, fog’ | ||
| *kopuR | ‘agitated, of water’ | ||
| *koRa | ‘wild mango’; ‘Mangifera minor’ | ||
| *koran | ‘ember, glowing coal’ | ||
| *koRaŋ | ‘dried up, scorched, shrivelled’ | ||
| *koraŋa | ‘fish, small emperor’ | ||
| *kori | ‘scrape, shave’ | ||
| *korit | ‘scrape, grate (as coconut preparatory to cooking)’ | ||
| *koRo | ‘pubic hair’ | ||
| *koro | ‘2dl. pronoun’ | ||
| *koro | ‘fortified place, village’ | ||
| *koro | ‘mountain, hilltop’ | ||
| *koron | ‘lie, tell a lie’ | ||
| *kororo | ‘honeybee’ | ||
| *koRot | ‘cut off’ | ||
| *korot | ‘notch, carve’ | ||
| *kosa | ‘kind of parrotfish’ | ||
| *koso | ‘cough’ | ||
| *koti | ‘cut, cut off’ | ||
| *kotik | ‘spotted’ | ||
| *koto | ‘obsidian spear point (?)’ | ||
| *kotos | ‘snap, break off (as a twig)’ | ||
| *kua | ‘how?, How is it?, What is the matter?’ | ||
| *kua kua | ‘kind of bird: pheasant-dove?’ | ||
| *kuak | ‘deep cry, bird with deep cry’ | ||
| *kubuŋ | ‘maimed, amputated (of a limb)’ | ||
| *kubut | ‘maimed, amputated (of a limb)’ | ||
| *kuca | ‘how?’ | ||
| *kude | ‘hourglass drum’ | ||
| *kudem | ‘darkened by clouds, overcast’ | ||
| *kuden | ‘clay cooking pot’ | ||
| *kuk | ‘sound of sob, croak, etc.’ | ||
| *kuka | ‘crab (generic)’ | ||
| *kukuh | ‘claw, talon, fingernail’ | ||
| *kukup | ‘clutch, hold tightly’ | ||
| *kukup-i | ‘cover something’ | ||
| *kukuq | ‘stick to, adhere firmly’ | ||
| *kukur | ‘mussel sp. or spp. used as food grater or scraper’ | ||
| *kukut | ‘hang, suspend’ | ||
| *kulabo | ‘fish’; ‘Lethrinidae spp.’ | ||
| *kuli-kulit | ‘skin disease’ | ||
| *kuliliŋ | ‘round about, around, in one’s surroundings, go around’ | ||
| *kulit | ‘skin, bark, peel, shell’ | ||
| *kulu | ‘coconut growth stage 9: ripe, flesh hardened’ | ||
| *kuluR | ‘breadfruit’ | ||
| *kulut | ‘curly-haired’ | ||
| *kumaŋ | ‘hermit crab’ | ||
| *kumi | ‘moustache’ | ||
| *kumis | ‘moustache, beard’ | ||
| *kumuR | ‘gargle, rinse the mouth’ | ||
| *kumʷi | ‘beard’ | ||
| *kuŋ | ‘sound of cooing or barking’ | ||
| *kuŋkuŋ | ‘shrink’ | ||
| *kunji | ‘rub’ | ||
| *kunkun | ‘shrink’ | ||
| *kunu | ‘it is said, people say.....’ | ||
| *kunu | ‘jealous’ | ||
| *kunut | ‘pinch’ | ||
| *kupuk | ‘emit smoke or steam’ | ||
| *kupuR | ‘pigeon or dove sp.’ | ||
| *kupwena | ‘kind of long rectangular fishing net’ | ||
| *kuRapu | ‘fish, sea perch, giant rock cod, giant grouper’; ‘Epinephelus spp.’ | ||
| *kurat | ‘dye produced from the Morinda citrifolia’ | ||
| *kuriap | ‘dolphin’ | ||
| *kuRita | ‘octopus’ | ||
| *kuRo | ‘marine fish sp.’ | ||
| *kurom | ‘overcast, darkened (as the sun)’ | ||
| *kurukuru | ‘kind of dove or pigeon’ | ||
| *kuRun | ‘sword grass’; ‘Imperata cylindrica’ | ||
| *kuruq | ‘noise, clamor’ | ||
| *kururu | ‘owl sp.’ | ||
| *kururu | ‘thunder’ | ||
| *kurut | ‘curly-haired’ | ||
| *kusu | ‘spit’ | ||
| *kusupe | ‘rat’ | ||
| *kuta | ‘staple food (?)’ | ||
| *kutu | ‘break, cut off, sever’ | ||
| *kutu | ‘head louse, sparks from a fire, water striker (insect that walks on water)’ | ||
| *kwarara | ‘shark sp.’ | ||
| *lababa | ‘flat-topped coral head’ | ||
| *lagas | ‘quick, energetic, strong’ | ||
| *lajam | ‘familiar with, accustomed to’ | ||
| *laje | ‘branching coral, coral limestone’ | ||
| *laji | ‘dolphinfish’ | ||
| *laji | ‘tree with poisonous sap’; ‘probably Antiaris toxicaria’ | ||
| *laka | ‘basket’ | ||
| *laka | ‘up, above’ | ||
| *lakar-lakar | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ | ||
| *lakas | ‘stride, take a step’ | ||
| *lake | ‘sore, dermal irritation, wound’ | ||
| *lako | ‘go’ | ||
| *lako lako | ‘walking around’ | ||
| *lalak | ‘trochus shell’ | ||
| *la-latoŋ | ‘stinging nettle’; ‘Laportea spp.’ | ||
| *lali | ‘ankle bone (?)’ | ||
| *la-lima | ‘five (in counting people)’ | ||
| *laliŋ | ‘ankle bone (?)’ | ||
| *lama | ‘lie on a surface (of water)’ | ||
| *lama | ‘type of coconut’ | ||
| *laman | ‘deep, of the sea, deep sea beyond the reef’ | ||
| *la(m)bak | ‘slam something down’ | ||
| *lambeg | ‘throw, cast’ | ||
| *lambuk | ‘knock, pound, beat’ | ||
| *lamu | ‘body hair, feather’ | ||
| *lamuk | ‘mosquito’ | ||
| *lamuR | ‘dew’ | ||
| *laŋi | ‘beach’ | ||
| *laŋi | ‘up, above’ | ||
| *laŋit | ‘sky’ | ||
| *laŋkaq | ‘step, stride, omit or skip over’ | ||
| *la(ŋ)kas | ‘spirited, energetic’ | ||
| *la(ŋ)ket | ‘stick, adhere to, sticky, viscous’ | ||
| *laŋo | ‘housefly’ | ||
| *laŋon | ‘rollers for beaching a canoe’ | ||
| *lapa | ‘big, large’ | ||
| *lapa | ‘fish sp.’ | ||
| *lapa | ‘skin disease: ringworm’ | ||
| *LapaR | ‘flash of lightning’ | ||
| *lapar | ‘broad and flat’ | ||
| *lapat | ‘big, great, large’ | ||
| *lapuk | ‘decayed, rotten, moldy, mildewed (of wood)’ | ||
| *laqia | ‘ginger’ | ||
| *lasa | ‘coconut shell drinking cup’ | ||
| *lasa | ‘tame, accustomed, used to’ | ||
| *lasoR | ‘testicles’ | ||
| *lasuq | ‘penis’ | ||
| *latoŋ | ‘stinging nettle’; ‘Laportea spp.’ | ||
| *lau | ‘fish, banded sweetlips’; ‘Plectorhinchus spp.’ | ||
| *laur | ‘downriver, toward the sea’ | ||
| *lawa | ‘wide’ | ||
| *lawan | ‘kind of long fishnet’ | ||
| *lawaq | ‘dip net, scoop net’ | ||
| *lawaq | ‘spider, spiderweb’ | ||
| *lawaq-lawaq | ‘spider, spiderweb’ | ||
| *lawi | ‘long tail feathers of bird or rooster’ | ||
| *layaR | ‘sail’ | ||
| *lecit | ‘squeeze out, squirt out’ | ||
| *leku | ‘bend, fold, folding part of the body, curl up on the ground (of an animal’ | ||
| *le(ŋ)kaq | ‘split open’ | ||
| *lepak | ‘break, crack off’ | ||
| *leput | ‘blow out, force out’ | ||
| *leqo | ‘voice’ | ||
| *lian | ‘change appearance’ | ||
| *liaŋ | ‘cave, cavern’ | ||
| *lidruR | ‘earthquake’ | ||
| *liki | ‘little, small in size or amount’ | ||
| *liko | ‘commit suicide by hanging’ | ||
| *liko | ‘curve, bend, meander’ | ||
| *likos | ‘wrap firmly around, encircle tightly’ | ||
| *lilim | ‘run amuck’ | ||
| *liliŋ | ‘askew, in a slanting direction’ | ||
| *liliŋ | ‘go in a circle’ | ||
| *li-liu | ‘turn around, change direction’ | ||
| *liliu | ‘turn around, turn over’ | ||
| *liloq | ‘whirlpool’ | ||
| *lima | ‘five’ | ||
| *lima ŋa puluq | ‘fifty’ | ||
| *lima-lima | ‘five by five, in groups of five’ | ||
| *limas | ‘bail out a canoe’ | ||
| *limut | ‘moss, algae’ | ||
| *liŋ | ‘word, speech’ | ||
| *liŋi | ‘pour’ | ||
| *liŋi-liŋi | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ | ||
| *li(n)tik | ‘snap off, snapping or clicking sound’ | ||
| *lio-lio | ‘brown triggerfish’; ‘Pseudobalistes fuscus’ | ||
| *lipon | ‘tooth’ | ||
| *liq(e)pit | ‘press between two flat surfaces’ | ||
| *liqo | ‘voice’ | ||
| *liqoR | ‘neck’ | ||
| *lisa | ‘nit, egg of a louse’ | ||
| *liso | ‘shiny, dazzling’ | ||
| *liu | ‘circle round, circumvent’ | ||
| *liu | ‘surpass, exceed’ | ||
| *liuS | ‘circumambulate, circumvent’ | ||
| *liut | ‘twist (as a limb)’ | ||
| *loan | ‘endure, last a long time’ | ||
| *lobi | ‘fold’ | ||
| *loguŋ | ‘bend’ | ||
| *loki | ‘bend, crooked’ | ||
| *lokuq | ‘bending part’ | ||
| *lolop | ‘overflow, inundated’ | ||
| *lolos | ‘wringing, squeezing’ | ||
| *lolos-i | trans. ‘wring, squeeze out’ | ||
| *lom | ‘in, on, at’ | ||
| *loma | ‘flood, of sea’ | ||
| *lomiq | ‘press, knead’ | ||
| *lomos | ‘submerge, go under water’ | ||
| *lopoŋ | ‘bury’ | ||
| *lopu | ‘fish with poisonous dorsal spines’ | ||
| *loRo | ‘large red tree ant’ | ||
| *loso-loso | ‘bathe, swim’ | ||
| *loto | ‘boil, abscess’ | ||
| *loto | ‘inner self, feelings, mind’ | ||
| *luab | ‘swell up (as boiling rice), boil over’ | ||
| *lua-ki | ‘spit something out, vomit something’ | ||
| *luaŋ | ‘hole in the ground’ | ||
| *luaq | ‘spit out (food, substances alien to the body), spew’ | ||
| *lujan | ‘cargo, load a canoe’ | ||
| *lukun | ‘bend (as an arm or leg)’ | ||
| *luluk | ‘shake something in the water’ | ||
| *lulun | ‘roll up (as a mat)’ | ||
| *lulus | ‘slip off’ | ||
| *luma | ‘forelegs of an animal’ | ||
| *lumbar | ‘set free’ | ||
| *lumiq | ‘fold, hem’ | ||
| *lumu | ‘oil, grease’ | ||
| *lumu | ‘soft, tender, gentle’ | ||
| *lumuk | ‘oily (as the hair or skin)’ | ||
| *lumut | ‘moss, algae, seaweed’ | ||
| *lumut-an | ‘covered with moss’ | ||
| *lumut-lumut | ‘moss’ | ||
| *luŋan | ‘rollers for beaching a canoe’ | ||
| *lu(ŋ)kas | ‘remove, loosen, untie’ | ||
| *lupas | ‘loosen, untie’ | ||
| *lupit | ‘press down, crush’ | ||
| *luqaR | ‘outside, wide open spaces, loose’ | ||
| *luqemit | ‘fold, press’ | ||
| *lusa | ‘shoot at, throw a spear at’ | ||
| *lutur | ‘knee’ | ||
| *m<in>ate | ‘one who has died, dead person’ | ||
| *ma- | ‘stative prefix’ | ||
| *ma-buRuk | ‘rotten (as meat), addled (as eggs), bad (of character)’ | ||
| *mabusuk | ‘rotten, stinking’ | ||
| *ma-dajam | ‘accustomed to, tame’ | ||
| *ma-dalit | ‘smooth, slippery’ | ||
| *madrali | ‘slippery (as wet rocks by the shore)’ | ||
| *madrar | ‘ripe’ | ||
| *maga | ‘stone, slingshot’ | ||
| *ma-heyaq | ‘shy, embarrassed, ashamed’ | ||
| *mai | ‘and’ | ||
| *mai | ‘come, toward the speaker’ | ||
| *maja | ‘dry up, evaporate’ | ||
| *ma-kaen | ‘will eat (?)’ | ||
| *makaka | ‘pry open slightly’ | ||
| *ma-kiluq | ‘bent, crooked, twisted’ | ||
| *malai | ‘withered, faded’ | ||
| *malala | ‘village square, dancing ground’ | ||
| *malaŋ | ‘misfortune, bad luck’ | ||
| *malaqe | ‘public space in village’ | ||
| *malaw | 1. ‘paper mulberry tree, used to make bark cloth’ 2. ‘men’s loincloth made from this material’ | ||
| *malem | ‘night, darkness’ | ||
| *mali-mali | ‘plant’; ‘Leea spp.’ | ||
| *mali-malip | ‘laughing, smiling’ | ||
| *ma-lino | ‘calm, still (of the surface of water)’ | ||
| *malip | ‘laugh, smile’ | ||
| *malon | ‘core of a breadfruit’ | ||
| *malua | ‘soft, pliable’ | ||
| *ma-lumu | ‘soft, tender, gentle’ | ||
| *maluRu | ‘shade’ | ||
| *maluRu maluRu | ‘shady, shaded, sheltered (?)’ | ||
| *mama | ‘young child’s term for father’ | ||
| *ma-maja | ‘dry up’ | ||
| *mamaq | ‘chew without intending to swallow (as betel nut), premasticate food to give to an infant, premasticated food’ | ||
| *mamata | ‘awake, watchful, alert’ | ||
| *ma-mate | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ | ||
| *ma-mawap | ‘yawn’ | ||
| *ma-mayaq | ‘shy, embarrassed, ashamed’ | ||
| *m-ami | ‘1pl. excl. genitive, our’ | ||
| *mamin | ‘chew, taste’ | ||
| *mamin | ‘fish: wrasse spp.’ | ||
| *mamis | ‘sweet, fresh (of water)’ | ||
| *mana | ‘conjunction: and’ | ||
| *mana | ‘power in natural phenomena, thunder, storm wind’ | ||
| *ma-nacam | ‘tame, docile’ | ||
| *mana-mana | ‘have spiritual power’ | ||
| *mañawa | ‘breathe, rest, take a ‘breather’’ | ||
| *maŋa | ‘bifurcation, forking or branching’ | ||
| *maŋa | ‘prenominal marker of plurality’ | ||
| *maŋan | ‘eat’ | ||
| *maŋaq | ‘slit, crevice’ | ||
| *maŋa-ua | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ | ||
| *maŋiŋi | ‘sour, spoiled (liquid)’ | ||
| *maŋsit | ‘sour, rancid’ | ||
| *maŋsit | ‘vile smell’ | ||
| *manipi-nipis | ‘very thin’ | ||
| *ma-nipis | ‘thin (of materals)’ | ||
| *manoŋi | ‘fragrant, sweet-smelling’ | ||
| *mantalaq | ‘morning (evening) star: Venus’ | ||
| *manuk | ‘bird, any flying creature’ | ||
| *ma-nuka | ‘wounded’ | ||
| *manuka | ‘sea eagle’ | ||
| *manu-manuk | ‘insect’ | ||
| *mañur mañur | ‘float, adrift’ | ||
| *ma-nuRuq | ‘lucky’ | ||
| *maosak | ‘cooked, ripe’ | ||
| *ma-panas | ‘warm, hot’ | ||
| *ma-panas-panas | ‘warm, hot’ | ||
| *ma-paqit | ‘bitter’ | ||
| *mapat | ‘heavy, weighty, important’ | ||
| *mapine | ‘female, woman’ | ||
| *mapo | ‘heal (as a wound)’ | ||
| *ma-posaq | ‘broken’ | ||
| *mapu | ‘taro variety’ | ||
| *mapu | ‘unpleasant odor’ | ||
| *mapua | ‘tomorrow’ | ||
| *maqañur | ‘floating, adrift’ | ||
| *maqasin | ‘salty, brackish’ | ||
| *ma-qasiq | ‘pity, have mercy on, feel compassion for’ | ||
| *maqati | ‘ebb tide, dry reef’ | ||
| *ma-qetaq | ‘raw, unripe, green (fruit), uncooked’ | ||
| *ma-qeti | ‘low, of the tide’ | ||
| *ma-qetom | ‘black’ | ||
| *ma-qosak | ‘ripe, cooked, ready to eat’ | ||
| *ma-qudip | ‘living, alive, grow, flourish, fresh, heal, cure, revive, recover, vital principle, soul, spirit, flame’ | ||
| *maRai | ‘withered, faded’ | ||
| *maralis | ‘slippery’ | ||
| *ma-ralom | ‘deep’ | ||
| *ma-ramaR | ‘shine, shining, bright’ | ||
| *ma-Raŋu | ‘dry’ | ||
| *marapu | ‘calm, still, windless’ | ||
| *ma-Rapun | ‘misty, hazy, dim’ | ||
| *marau | ‘southeast trade winds’ | ||
| *maRi | ‘come, hither’ | ||
| *maridriŋ | ‘cold’ | ||
| *maRuqane | ‘male’ | ||
| *maS | ‘and’ | ||
| *masak | ‘ripe, cooked’ | ||
| *ma-saki-sakit | ‘fall ill, become very sick’ | ||
| *masakit | ‘sick, painful’ | ||
| *masakit-ia | ‘fall ill, become sick’ | ||
| *ma-saŋa | ‘split, forked (as a branch or path)’ | ||
| *masaŋa | ‘twins’ | ||
| *masauq | ‘far’ | ||
| *masedru | ‘hiccup’ | ||
| *masou | ‘cinnamon’ | ||
| *masuR | ‘satiatiated, full (of the stomach after eating), fertile, bring forth plentifully, abundance of food’ | ||
| *mata | ‘eye, face, focal point, center or most prominent part, hole, aperture, doorway, window, budding part of plant, ‘eye’ of coconut, knot in wood, sun, core of a boil, blade of a knife, awaken, operculum of a snail, mesh of a net, eye of a needle, noose of a trap, hearth, direction of the wind, head of a river, spring, source, lid, cover’ | ||
| *mata muri | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ | ||
| *mata ni aŋin | ‘point of the compass, direction’ | ||
| *mata ni cawa | ‘channel between islands or islets’ | ||
| *mata ni ikan | ‘callus on the foot’ | ||
| *mata ni kayu | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ | ||
| *mata ni panaq | ‘point of an arrow’ | ||
| *mata ni salan | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ | ||
| *mata ni susu | ‘female breast’ | ||
| *mata ni waiR | ‘spring of water, source of a river’ | ||
| *mata nu bisul | ‘core of a boil’ | ||
| *mata nu qalejaw | ‘sun (‘eye of the day’)’ | ||
| *mata qate | ‘instinct’ | ||
| *mata riki | ‘fine, of the mesh of a fish net’ | ||
| *matakut | ‘fear, fearful, afraid’ | ||
| *mata-mata | ‘spy, scout, one who looks for possible danger ahead’ | ||
| *matan V | ‘sharp’ | ||
| *mataq | ‘raw, unripe’ | ||
| *ma-taqu | ‘capable, able, knowledgeable’ | ||
| *ma-taqu | ‘right side’ | ||
| *matau | ‘axe (?)’ | ||
| *matay | ‘money, payment, medium of commercial exchange’ | ||
| *m-atay m-atay | ‘die in throngs, on the verge of death’ | ||
| *mate | ‘die, dead’ | ||
| *mate ni pulan | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ | ||
| *mate-a | ‘kill’ | ||
| *mate-an | ‘death’ | ||
| *mate-na | ‘dead’ | ||
| *mate-qaŋa | ‘death’ | ||
| *matiruR | ‘sleep’ | ||
| *ma-tolu | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ | ||
| *matolu | ‘thick’ | ||
| *matolu-tolu | ‘very thick, really thick’ | ||
| *ma-toRas | ‘hard, solid’ | ||
| *matu | ‘dry coconut’ | ||
| *matuqa | ‘old, older person, elder, old stand forest’ | ||
| *maturuR | ‘sleep’ | ||
| *mauRi | ‘left side or direction’ | ||
| *mawa | ‘cleft, space between two rocks’ | ||
| *mawap | ‘yawn, yawning’ | ||
| *mawiRi | ‘left side or direction’ | ||
| *maya | ‘tongue’ | ||
| *ma-zaqat | ‘bad, evil’ | ||
| *mekmek | ‘broken to bits’ | ||
| *meme | ‘premasticated food for infants’ | ||
| *meme | ‘tongue’ | ||
| *meRaq | ‘reddish brown’ | ||
| *meRaq meRaq | ‘red, reddish’ | ||
| *mimi | ‘urinate, urine’ | ||
| *mimiq | ‘urine, urinate’ | ||
| *miñak | ‘fat, grease, ointment’ | ||
| *mipi | ‘dream’ | ||
| *misi | ‘make a sucking sound, smack the lips’ | ||
| *misik | ‘sucking noise made as a signal to another person’ | ||
| *misi-misi | ‘make a sucking sound, smack the lips’ | ||
| *miti | ‘make a sucking sound, smack the lips’ | ||
| *miti-miti | ‘make a sucking sound, smack the lips’ | ||
| *mo-kobu | ‘grandchild’ | ||
| *mokobu | ‘grandchild’ | ||
| *molaŋ | ‘true, real, genuine’ | ||
| *momos | ‘squeeze’ | ||
| *mona | ‘canoe type’ | ||
| *moñak | ‘fat, sweet, tasty’ | ||
| *moñak | ‘pounded taro with coconut cream’ | ||
| *monaki | ‘cuttlefish’ | ||
| *moña-moñak | ‘fat, grease, sweet taste’ | ||
| *moñan | ‘brain’ | ||
| *mo(nñ)o | ‘knead, squeeze’ | ||
| *mono | ‘stay, dwell in a place’ | ||
| *motus | ‘broken off, islet, detached reef’ | ||
| *-mu | ‘2sg. possessor and agent of passive verb’ | ||
| *muku | ‘gargle’ | ||
| *m-ule | ‘return home’ | ||
| *mumuni | ‘hide’ | ||
| *mu-mutaq | ‘vomit’ | ||
| *muno | ‘caterpillar’ | ||
| *muqa | ‘first, foremost, precede’ | ||
| *muquŋ | ‘fish sp.’ | ||
| *mura | ‘young (of fruits)’ | ||
| *muri | ‘after, behind, outside of an object, stern of a canoe’ | ||
| *m-uri qaqe | ‘heel’ | ||
| *m-uri waqe | ‘heel’ | ||
| *muru | ‘back, posterior part’ | ||
| *mutaq | ‘vomit’ | ||
| *mutu | ‘broken off, cut off’ | ||
| *mutu | ‘damsel fish’ | ||
| *mwajar | ‘bandicoot’ | ||
| *mwajor | ‘bandicoot’ | ||
| *mwaloq | ‘submerged rock or coral reef’ | ||
| *mwamwaki | ‘large cuttlefish and squid’ | ||
| *mwaña | ‘pandanus sp.’; ‘probably Pandanus conoideus’ | ||
| *mwanene | ‘straight’ | ||
| *mwanoRe | ‘unicorn fish’; ‘Naso unicornis’ | ||
| *mwapo | ‘taro’ | ||
| *mwaRi | ‘roast, burn’ | ||
| *mwasasi | ‘goatfish sp.’ | ||
| *mwata | ‘snake’ | ||
| *-na | ‘that, there, then’ | ||
| *-ña | ‘3sg. possessor of inalienable possessed nouns’ | ||
| *na | ‘already’ | ||
| *na | ‘common noun article’ | ||
| *na | ‘conjunction: and’ | ||
| *na | ‘genitive of plural personal names’ | ||
| *na qutin | ‘penis’ | ||
| *na topu | ‘sugarcane’ | ||
| *ñabi | ‘taste’ | ||
| *nadi | ‘hard stone used to make tools’ | ||
| *nago | ‘face, front, prow of canoe’ | ||
| *nai | ‘woman’s grass skirt’ | ||
| *ñakot | ‘sticky, gluey’ | ||
| *naku | ‘1sg., I, me’ | ||
| *ñaman-na | ‘tasty, sweet’ | ||
| *ñamit | ‘taste’ | ||
| *namo | ‘lagoon’ | ||
| *ñamu | ‘chew’ | ||
| *ñamuk | ‘mosquito’ | ||
| *ñamuR | ‘dew’ | ||
| *nana | ‘that, those’ | ||
| *ñañam | ‘tasty, delicious’ | ||
| *nanaq | ‘pus’ | ||
| *ñañuk | ‘speak indistinctly, mumble’ | ||
| *ñao | ‘widow(er)’ | ||
| *napok | ‘breakers, surf, waves’ | ||
| *naRah | ‘tree’; ‘Pterocarpus indica’ | ||
| *ñaRo | ‘widow(er)’ | ||
| *nasu | ‘cook by boiling’ | ||
| *nasuk | ‘cook by boiling’ | ||
| *natar | ‘space outside the village’ | ||
| *nati | ‘young of animals’ | ||
| *natu | ‘child, offspring’ | ||
| *natuq | ‘ovary of an an oviparous animal’ | ||
| *ñatuq | ‘hardwood tree with edible fruit and valuable timber’; ‘Palaquium spp.’ | ||
| *ŋa | ‘linker for multiples of ten’ | ||
| *ŋacan | ‘name’ | ||
| *ŋadasₐ | ‘gums’ | ||
| *ŋa-ijan | ‘when?’ | ||
| *ŋak | ‘raucous sound’ | ||
| *ŋali-ŋali | ‘move about in restless anger’ | ||
| *ŋalu | ‘wave, breaker (?)’ | ||
| *ŋaŋ | ‘inarticulate sound’ | ||
| *ŋaŋa | ‘bitter, poisonous’ | ||
| *ŋaŋa | ‘open the mouth wide, gape, gaping, opening of a bubu fish trap, basket, etc.’ | ||
| *ŋaŋak | ‘raucous sound’ | ||
| *ŋaŋaŋ | ‘inarticulate sound’ | ||
| *ŋaŋas | ‘chew something tough (as sugarcane)’ | ||
| *ŋapa | ‘fathom’ | ||
| *ŋapa | ‘lime gourd (for betel chew)’ | ||
| *ŋapa | ‘long’ | ||
| *ŋara | ‘complain loudly’ | ||
| *ŋaraŋara | ‘swim’ | ||
| *ŋaRaq | ‘wild duck’ | ||
| *ŋata | ‘hole, hollow’ | ||
| *ŋau | ‘1sg.: I’ | ||
| *ŋau | ‘chew, chew off’ | ||
| *ŋau | ‘hit, strike’ | ||
| *ŋau-ŋau | ‘chew’ | ||
| *ŋek | ‘squeal, cry out (as a pig)’ | ||
| *ŋeŋe | ‘shout, argue with’ | ||
| *ŋik | ‘squeal, screech, shriek, etc.’ | ||
| *ŋikŋik | ‘squeal, screech, shriek, etc.’ | ||
| *ŋiŋ | ‘buzz, hum’ | ||
| *ŋiŋik | ‘high-pitched cry’ | ||
| *ŋiŋiŋ | ‘buzz, hum’ | ||
| *ŋiŋis | ‘grin, show the teeth’ | ||
| *ŋiŋit-i | ‘husk a coconut with the teeth’ | ||
| *ŋipon | ‘tooth’ | ||
| *ŋisa | ‘name’ | ||
| *ŋisi | ‘grin, show the teeth’ | ||
| *ŋodra | ‘grunt, snore’ | ||
| *ŋodro | ‘grunt, snore’ | ||
| *ŋok | ‘grunt’ | ||
| *ŋoŋok | ‘breath loudly, snore’ | ||
| *ŋoŋoŋ | ‘hoot (as an owl)’ | ||
| *ŋoŋop | ‘panting, gasping for breath’ | ||
| *ŋoŋot-i | ‘gnaw, nibble’ | ||
| *ŋoni | ‘beg, ask for’ | ||
| *ŋoRo | ‘snore, grunt, etc.’ | ||
| *ŋoti | ‘gnaw, nibble’ | ||
| *ŋuk | ‘grunt, moan, etc.’ | ||
| *ŋuŋ | ‘buzz, hum’ | ||
| *ŋuŋuk | ‘grunt, moan’ | ||
| *ŋuŋul | ‘arthritic or rheumatic pain’ | ||
| *ŋuŋuŋ | ‘buzz, hum’ | ||
| *ŋuŋut | ‘gnaw, chew at’ | ||
| *ŋuŋut | ‘painful, pain’ | ||
| *ŋuru | ‘growl (as a dog)’ | ||
| *ŋuRuR | ‘moan, groan, grunt’ | ||
| *ŋusuq | ‘nasal area, snout’ | ||
| *ŋutu | ‘louse’ | ||
| *-ni | ‘this, here, now’ | ||
| *ni | ‘genitive case marker for singular personal names and pronouns, marker of possession, part-to-whole relationships, and agency of a non-actor voice verb’ | ||
| *ni-a | ‘3sg. agent/possessor’ | ||
| *ni-ia | ‘3sg. genitive, his, her’ | ||
| *ñikut | ‘nest, lair’ | ||
| *nimas | ‘bailer, bail water from a canoe’ | ||
| *nini | ‘shake, tremble, rock’ | ||
| *ñiñik | ‘tiny biting insect’ | ||
| *niniq | ‘plant sp. (used as material for making baskets)’; ‘Donax canniformis’ | ||
| *nipaq | ‘swamp palm’; ‘Nipa fruticans’ | ||
| *nipe | ‘snake’ | ||
| *nipi | ‘dream’ | ||
| *nipis | ‘thinness (of materials)’ | ||
| *nipon | ‘tooth’ | ||
| *niuR | ‘coconut’ | ||
| *nofo | ‘sit, stay or stop moving, reside’ | ||
| *noku | ‘bend, fold’ | ||
| *nonok | ‘gnat, sandfly’ | ||
| *nonom | ‘think’ | ||
| *ñoñop | ‘suck’ | ||
| *ñoñu | ‘tree with inedible white fruit and root that yields a useful dye’; ‘Morinda citrifolia L.’ | ||
| *nopo-nopo | ‘fear, intimidated by’ | ||
| *nopuq | ‘stonefish’ | ||
| *ñopuq | ‘stonefish’ | ||
| *ñoRap | ‘yesterday’ | ||
| *ñoro | ‘rough (of a turbulent sea)’ | ||
| *ñui | ‘growth stage of squid’ | ||
| *numi | ‘fold’ | ||
| *nunu | ‘earthquake’ | ||
| *nunu | ‘female breast’ | ||
| *nunu | ‘slough, shed the skin (as a snake)’ | ||
| *nunuk | ‘tree: the banyan or strangler fig’ | ||
| *nu-nunu | ‘earthquake’ | ||
| *nusa | ‘island’ | ||
| *nusa | ‘smaller types of reef squid’ | ||
| *nuse | ‘smaller types of reef squid’ | ||
| *nuso | ‘smaller types of reef squid’ | ||
| *o | ‘on, onto, in, into’ | ||
| *o | ‘possessive marker used with inalienable pronouns’ | ||
| *oe | ‘interjection or exclamation to call attention or answer a call’ | ||
| *oka | ‘fog, mist’ | ||
| *oka | ‘house beam’ | ||
| *oka oka | ‘scavenger fish’; ‘Lethrinus spp.’ | ||
| *oke | ‘fog, mist’ | ||
| *okop | ‘cover with something (?)’ | ||
| *oliq | ‘return’ | ||
| *oliq oliq | ‘and fro’ | ||
| *omuR | ‘hold in the mouth’ | ||
| *ona | ‘hit with a spear’ | ||
| *ona | ‘spear, sharpened pitfall stake’ | ||
| *one one | intr. ‘mend a net’ | ||
| *one-a | tran. ‘mend a net’ | ||
| *oŋkol | ‘bend, stoop over’ | ||
| *oŋkom | ‘hold in the mouth’ | ||
| *onom | ‘six’ | ||
| *onom ŋa puluq | ‘sixty’ | ||
| *onom onom | ‘six by six, six at a time’ | ||
| *opi | ‘brood, sit on eggs’ | ||
| *opoŋ | ‘block, obstruct’ | ||
| *opun | ‘heap, pile’ | ||
| *opus | ‘finish something’ | ||
| *oqo | ‘yes’ | ||
| *ori | ‘scrape, with motion away from body’ | ||
| *orit | ‘scratch, scrape, peel’ | ||
| *oRo | ‘go, come’ | ||
| *oro | ‘mountain, hill’ | ||
| *oRoŋ | ‘roar, shout’ | ||
| *osiR | ‘moan, groan’ | ||
| *osir | ‘moan, groan’ | ||
| *osok | ‘crowded, crowd together’ | ||
| *oto | ‘straight’ | ||
| *otok | ‘cut, sever’ | ||
| *otoŋ | ‘stare at’ | ||
| *p<in>aŋan | ‘food, feed, nourish’ | ||
| *pa | ‘at, on, in, to’ | ||
| *pa | ‘get, take, bring’ | ||
| *pa | ‘go’ | ||
| *pa | ‘interjection, startle’ | ||
| *pa- | ‘causative prefix’ | ||
| *pa- | ‘numeral prefix, divide into x (x = numeral)’ | ||
| *pa-abu | ‘grandfather’ | ||
| *pa-añud | ‘set adrift’ | ||
| *padran | ‘pandanus’ | ||
| *pagaq | ‘split’ | ||
| *pa-i | ‘get, bring, take’ | ||
| *pai | ‘weave, plait (as a basket, door, fence)’ | ||
| *pai | ‘where?’ | ||
| *pail | ‘plant’; ‘Falcataria Moluccana’ | ||
| *painako | ‘steal’ | ||
| *pai-p<in>ai | ‘woman, female’ | ||
| *pait | ‘do, make’ | ||
| *pajale | ‘walk about, take a walk’ | ||
| *paju | ‘eyebrow’ | ||
| *paka- | ‘causative prefix’ | ||
| *pa(ka)-ajan | ‘name, give a name to’ | ||
| *pa(ka)-amax | ‘treat like a father’ | ||
| *paka-aŋin | ‘cause the wind to blow’ | ||
| *paka-aŋin-aŋin | ‘refresh oneself, go out for some fresh air’ | ||
| *pa-kaen | ‘feed’ | ||
| *paka-lima | ‘five times’ | ||
| *paka-maluRu | ‘shelter, give shelter to’ | ||
| *paka-mate | ‘kill, commit suicide’ | ||
| *paka-mate-ia | ‘kill’ | ||
| *paka-onom | ‘six times’ | ||
| *paka-pat | ‘four times’ | ||
| *paka-pica | ‘how many times?’ | ||
| *paka-pitu | ‘seven times’ | ||
| *pakaq | ‘non-native canoe’ | ||
| *pa(ka)-qasu | ‘smoke, fumigate’ | ||
| *paka-qudip | ‘save, spare the life of’ | ||
| *paka-Rapiqi | ‘afternoon, evening’ | ||
| *paka-roŋoR | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ | ||
| *paka-rua | ‘twice, do something twice’ | ||
| *pakas | ‘strong, energetic’ | ||
| *pa(ka)-salaq | ‘blame, accuse of error or fault, punish’ | ||
| *paka-saŋa | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ | ||
| *paka-sipo | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ | ||
| *paka-siwa | ‘nine times’ | ||
| *paka-tabu | ‘forbid, make taboo’ | ||
| *paka-takut | ‘frighten, cause to fear’ | ||
| *paka-taŋis | ‘make someone cry, let someone cry’ | ||
| *paka-tolu | ‘triple, multiply by three’ | ||
| *paka-tupuq | ‘make something grow’ | ||
| *paka-uliq | ‘return something to someone’ | ||
| *paka-usuri | ‘teach’ | ||
| *paka-walu | ‘eight times’ | ||
| *pa-kilala | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ | ||
| *pakum | ‘Pandanus dubius’ | ||
| *pakuŋ | ‘kind of pandanus’ | ||
| *pakut | ‘bind together’ | ||
| *pala | ‘platform’ | ||
| *pala | ‘some, somewhat’ | ||
| *palaj | ‘palm of hand, sole of foot’ | ||
| *palaja | ‘rabbitfish’; ‘Siganus sp.’ | ||
| *palala | ‘bald, bald person’ | ||
| *palalan | ‘slant, lean over (as a tree)’ | ||
| *palaŋ | ‘thwart, crosspiece’ | ||
| *palaŋa | ‘potsherd used as a frying pan’ | ||
| *palata | ‘fish sp.’ | ||
| *pa-laur | ‘go to sea, make a sea voyage’ | ||
| *pa-layaR | ‘sail’ | ||
| *pale | ‘canoe shed, storehouse’ | ||
| *pali | ‘side, half’ | ||
| *pali | ‘taboo’ | ||
| *paliaRua | ‘vine’; ‘Merremia peltata’ | ||
| *palici | ‘grass’ | ||
| *palisi | ‘grass’ | ||
| *palo | ‘steer a boat’ | ||
| *palo | ‘wither, wilt’ | ||
| *palos | ‘perfect, complete something’ | ||
| *palu | ‘hammer, hit with a hard implement’ | ||
| *palu | ‘make war on, fight with’ | ||
| *palu | ‘some, some more’ | ||
| *paluca | ‘paddle’ | ||
| *palu-palu | ‘hammer, mallet, instrument for pounding or hammering’ | ||
| *paluq | ‘mourn the dead’ | ||
| *palus | ‘scratch, scrape’ | ||
| *pana | ‘go, move’ | ||
| *panako | ‘steal’ | ||
| *panapa | ‘needlefish sp.’ | ||
| *panaq | ‘throw something at a target, shoot with bow and arrow’ | ||
| *pañaRu | ‘give birth’ | ||
| *panas | ‘warm, hot’ | ||
| *panas-i | ‘heat up, warm up’ | ||
| *panas-panas | ‘somewhat warm (?), very warm (?)’ | ||
| *panaw | ‘fungus infection which produces light patches on the skin’; ‘Tinea flava or Pityriasis’ | ||
| *panek | ‘climb’ | ||
| *paŋ | ‘bang! loud popping sound’ | ||
| *paŋa | ‘fork of a branch, any forked structure, bifurcation’ | ||
| *paŋa | ‘gape, open’ | ||
| *paŋa | ‘wide open’ | ||
| *paŋan | ‘food, feed’ | ||
| *paŋaŋap | ‘gape, open the mouth wide’ | ||
| *paŋan-i | ‘pet animal, animal that is tamed by humans feeding it’ | ||
| *paŋoda | ‘hunt for shellfish on the reef’ | ||
| *paŋun | ‘wake up, rouse someone from sleep’ | ||
| *paŋun-ia | ‘awaken, wake someone up’ | ||
| *paŋusi | ‘blow the nose’ | ||
| *pani | ‘apply oil or paint to the body’ | ||
| *pani | ‘give’ | ||
| *panid | ‘wing’ | ||
| *pano | ‘go’ | ||
| *paño | ‘wash the hands’ | ||
| *pa(n)tar | ‘shelf, bed frame of wooden or bamboo laths’ | ||
| *pa(n)tuk | ‘knock, strike against’ | ||
| *panua | ‘village’ | ||
| *paoq (ʔ) | ‘tree’; ‘Ochrosia oppositifolia’ | ||
| *papa | ‘carry piggyback’ | ||
| *papa | ‘father’ | ||
| *papaba | ‘slipper lobster, crayfish’ | ||
| *papak-i | ‘slap’ | ||
| *pa-panas | ‘heat’ | ||
| *papaq | ‘below, beneath, under’ | ||
| *papaq | ‘frond of a palm’ | ||
| *papaq | ‘mouth’ | ||
| *papi | ‘cook in an earth oven’ | ||
| *papian | ‘firewood, what is used to make a fire’ | ||
| *papine | ‘woman, female, sister (male speaker)’ | ||
| *pa-pitu | ‘seven (of humans)’ | ||
| *papo | ‘above, outside’ | ||
| *papo | ‘coral reef’ | ||
| *papo | ‘weed’ | ||
| *pa-ponuq | ‘fill, cause to become full’ | ||
| *pāq | ‘flood’ | ||
| *paqa | ‘stalk or stem of a plant’ | ||
| *paqa | ‘thigh’ | ||
| *paqaRok | ‘snatch, seize, rob’ | ||
| *paqas | ‘split lengthwise’ | ||
| *paqo | ‘plant’; ‘Heliconia spp.’ | ||
| *paqot | ‘wood-working tool: chisel’ | ||
| *paqpaq | ‘midrib of coconut frond’ | ||
| *paqus | ‘tie, bind’ | ||
| *paRa | ‘hand’ | ||
| *paRa | ‘storage shelf above the hearth’ | ||
| *paRa- | ‘reciprocal prefix’ | ||
| *para | ‘coconut embryo’ | ||
| *paRak | ‘hoarse’ | ||
| *paRane | ‘brave, bold’ | ||
| *paRaŋ | ‘molar tooth’ | ||
| *paRaq | ‘lung’ | ||
| *paRaq | ‘swell, boil’ | ||
| *paraqu | ‘boat’ | ||
| *paRara | ‘handle of an axe or adze’ | ||
| *parara | ‘thunder’ | ||
| *paRas | ‘step, tread on something’ | ||
| *paRat | ‘crosswise beam or shelf’ | ||
| *paRi | ‘cut or lop off branches’ | ||
| *paRi | ‘stingray’ | ||
| *paRi- | ‘prefix of reciprocal or collective action’ | ||
| *pari | ‘divide, share out (as an inheritance?)’ | ||
| *pari | ‘scrape, grate’ | ||
| *paRih manuk | ‘large rayfish, probably manta or eagle ray’ | ||
| *paRi-tama | ‘relationship of father and children’ | ||
| *paRo | ‘drill through, pierce, perforate’ | ||
| *paRo | ‘snatch, seize, rob’ | ||
| *paro | ‘scrape’ | ||
| *pa-roŋoR | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ | ||
| *paRu | ‘tree the bark of which provides a fiber much used in making cordage, lash, tie, bind’; ‘Hibiscus tiliaceus’ | ||
| *paRut | ‘pluck, uproot’ | ||
| *pasa | ‘swamp’ | ||
| *pa-sakit | ‘hurt someone, make someone sick’ | ||
| *pasaŋ | ‘pair, matching set’ | ||
| *pasaR | ‘woody plant or tree’; ‘Vitex cofassus’ | ||
| *pasar | ‘woody plant or tree’; ‘Vitex cofassus’ | ||
| *pasi | ‘plant yams’ | ||
| *pasok | ‘plant (crops)’ | ||
| *pasoq | ‘wash clothes’ | ||
| *pasu | ‘forehead, eyebrow’ | ||
| *pasu | ‘give birth to, have a child’ | ||
| *pa-susu | ‘give the breast to, nurse a child’ | ||
| *pat | ‘four’ | ||
| *pataR | ‘shelf’ | ||
| *pat-i | ‘four’ | ||
| *pati | ‘break off, snap off’ | ||
| *pati pati | ‘four at a time’ | ||
| *pa-tolu | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ | ||
| *patoto | ‘sticks that connect the float to the booms of an outrigger canoe’ | ||
| *patu | ‘hard, firm’ | ||
| *patu | ‘joint, node’ | ||
| *patu | ‘stone’ | ||
| *patuR | ‘plait, weave’ | ||
| *patuRu | ‘cycad’; ‘Cycas rumphii’ | ||
| *pau | ‘plant’; ‘Kleinhovia hospita’ | ||
| *pa-uliq | ‘return, send back’ | ||
| *paya | ‘kind of small fish, probably sardine or anchovy’ | ||
| *pe- | ‘mother’ | ||
| *pea | ‘where?’ | ||
| *peka | ‘separate, disconnect’ | ||
| *pekaŋ | ‘stretch open or apart’ | ||
| *pekuq | ‘bend, curve’ | ||
| *pela pela | ‘shout, exclaim’ | ||
| *penako | ‘steal’ | ||
| *pened | ‘stopped up, plugged’ | ||
| *periŋ | ‘bamboo sp.’ | ||
| *pesi | ‘coastal tree’; ‘perhaps Pongamia pinnata’ | ||
| *peta | ‘shatter, break’ | ||
| *pia | ‘goodness’ | ||
| *pia | ‘want, desire’ | ||
| *pia | ‘where?’ | ||
| *piak | ‘baby chick, peeping of chick’ | ||
| *pian | ‘want, desire, wish or long for’ | ||
| *pica | ‘how much?, how many?’ | ||
| *pica pica | ‘few, several (?)’ | ||
| *picak | ‘crush, press in’ | ||
| *picik | ‘splash, spray, sprinkle’ | ||
| *picit | ‘squeeze out’ | ||
| *pidak | ‘break, split’ | ||
| *pidik | ‘fillip, flick with the finger’ | ||
| *pijiko | ‘flesh, lean part of meat, grain of wood’ | ||
| *pijir | ‘braid, twist together’ | ||
| *pijir-i | ‘braid, twist together’ | ||
| *pijo | ‘kind of reed or cane’; ‘including Saccharum spontaneum’ | ||
| *pika | ‘sand, sandbank’ | ||
| *piko | ‘bent, crooked’ | ||
| *pikuq | ‘bend, curve, bent, curved’ | ||
| *pilak | ‘flash (of lightning)’ | ||
| *pilat | ‘open the eyes wide’ | ||
| *pilat | ‘scar’ | ||
| *pilaɁ | ‘scar’ | ||
| *pili | ‘value, price’ | ||
| *piliŋ | ‘roll’ | ||
| *piliq | ‘choose, select, pick out’ | ||
| *piliq piliq | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ | ||
| *piliq-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ | ||
| *piliq-i | ‘choose it!’ | ||
| *pilit | ‘intertwine, twist and turn’ | ||
| *pilit | ‘paste, stick to’ | ||
| *pilit | ‘peel by hand’ | ||
| *pilolo | ‘curved, crooked’ | ||
| *piloR | ‘blind’ | ||
| *pilu | ‘large marine fish, jackfish or trevally’ | ||
| *piluk | ‘curly, curl’ | ||
| *pilul | ‘curly, of the hair’ | ||
| *pilu-pilu | ‘small trevally varieties’ | ||
| *piluq | ‘fold’ | ||
| *pina | ‘shellfish sp.’ | ||
| *pine | ‘female’ | ||
| *pi(ŋ)keR | ‘bend, turn’ | ||
| *pi(ŋ)kuk | ‘bend, curve’ | ||
| *piŋkuk | ‘curved, bent’ | ||
| *pi(n)tak | ‘split’ | ||
| *pi(n)tik | ‘throb, beat’ | ||
| *pintik | ‘snare, noose trap, spring up suddenly, jerk up (as a fishing line or noose trap)’ | ||
| *pinu | ‘fold over’ | ||
| *pinuan | ‘tree’; ‘Macaranga spp.’ | ||
| *pinut | ‘skin, bark’ | ||
| *piok | ‘peep, cheep’ | ||
| *pipik | ‘beat lightly’ | ||
| *pipiR | ‘lip’ | ||
| *pipirua | ‘whirlwind, waterspout’ | ||
| *pipis | ‘sprinkle water on something’ | ||
| *pipis | ‘squeeze’ | ||
| *piRa | ‘roe, eggs of fish or crustacean’ | ||
| *piRa | ‘sailfin tang’; ‘Zebrasoma veliferum’ | ||
| *piRaq | ‘wild taro, elephant-ear or itching taro’; ‘Alocasia spp.’ | ||
| *piras | ‘immature stage of coconut or areca nut (?)’ | ||
| *piras | ‘scar’ | ||
| *piri | ‘pithy ball inside sprouted coconut, coconut endosperm’ | ||
| *piRiŋ | ‘dark hue, possibly dark red’ | ||
| *piriŋ | ‘side, edge’ | ||
| *piriŋ | ‘stone, throw a stone at’ | ||
| *piri-piri | ‘twine round and round, thing made by braiding’ | ||
| *pirit | ‘plait a cord, twist, wrap around’ | ||
| *piro | ‘twist together’ | ||
| *piro-a | ‘twist together’ | ||
| *piRu | ‘fan palm’; ‘Licuala Rumphii’ | ||
| *piRu-piRu | ‘sailfish’; ‘Istiophoridae’ | ||
| *pisak | ‘split’ | ||
| *pisaw | ‘kind of knife or machete’ | ||
| *pisi | ‘entangle, snarl, tie up, wind around, wrap’ | ||
| *pisi | ‘fart’ | ||
| *pisi ni mata | ‘eyelash’ | ||
| *pisik | ‘peel’ | ||
| *pisiko | ‘flesh, lean part of meat, grain of wood’ | ||
| *piso | ‘kind of wild cane with edible flower head’ | ||
| *piso | ‘navel’ | ||
| *pitak | ‘mud’ | ||
| *pitak | ‘split’ | ||
| *pitaquR | ‘shore tree’; ‘Calophyllum inophyllum’ | ||
| *pite | ‘squeeze to extract juice’ | ||
| *piti | ‘crack’ | ||
| *pitik | ‘lightning’ | ||
| *pitik-pitik | ‘jump repeatedly, knock or fillip repeatedly’ | ||
| *pitolon | ‘hungry’ | ||
| *pitu | ‘seven’ | ||
| *pitu | ‘sword grass’; ‘Imperata cylindrica’ | ||
| *pitu ŋa puluq | ‘seventy’ | ||
| *pitu pitu | ‘seven by seven, seven at a time’ | ||
| *pituŋ | ‘bamboo sp.’ | ||
| *pituqin | ‘star’ | ||
| *pituqun | ‘star’ | ||
| *poipoi | ‘pandanus sp.’ | ||
| *pokaŋ | ‘spread apart (as the legs or an unbent fishhook)’ | ||
| *pokaq | ‘divide, separate things that are joined’ | ||
| *poki | ‘clear the ground for a garden site’ | ||
| *pokos | ‘wrap up, bundle, bundle of firewood’ | ||
| *poku | ‘round object, young coconut’ | ||
| *pokut | ‘hunch over, curl up (body)’ | ||
| *polac | ‘spread’ | ||
| *polaq | ‘split in two’ | ||
| *polat | ‘fish corral’ | ||
| *poli | ‘value, price, marriage prestations, brideprice, purchase’ | ||
| *poli poli | ‘barter, trade’ | ||
| *poli-a | ‘barter, purchase by exchange’ | ||
| *polit | ‘twist around’ | ||
| *polok | ‘grow (of plants)’ | ||
| *polon | ‘swallow’ | ||
| *polos | ‘cut across’ | ||
| *polos | ‘stripes, striped’ | ||
| *poŋaŋ | ‘amazed’ | ||
| *poŋap | ‘amazed’ | ||
| *poŋkaR | ‘burst open, split open’ | ||
| *ponor | ‘formal gathering (as of chiefs, with possible connections to announcing temporary taboos)’ | ||
| *poñu | ‘green turtle’; ‘Chelonia mydas’ | ||
| *ponuq | ‘full (of a container)’ | ||
| *ponuq sake | ‘full to the top’ | ||
| *popok | ‘rot, rotten’ | ||
| *popol | ‘hydropoesia, bodily swelling caused by water retention’ | ||
| *popos | ‘squeeze out’ | ||
| *poro poro | ‘shatter’ | ||
| *poRos | ‘squeeze out juice, extract liquid by squeezing’ | ||
| *posaq | ‘break into several large pieces, hatch (of an egg’ | ||
| *pose | ‘canoe paddle, paddle a canoe’ | ||
| *pose pose | ‘paddle repeatedly, paddle about’ | ||
| *posit | ‘squeeze, squirt out’ | ||
| *poso | ‘hold’ | ||
| *posu | ‘have a hole, perforated’ | ||
| *posuk | ‘have a hole, perforated’ | ||
| *potak | ‘split, cleave, divide’ | ||
| *potas | ‘tear, rip open, cut open’ | ||
| *potok | ‘pufferfish, porcupinefish’ | ||
| *potok | ‘thorn, spur, barb, stinger of stingray’ | ||
| *potu | ‘appear, come into view’ | ||
| *potu | ‘bulge, swelling’ | ||
| *potuŋ | ‘type of very large bamboo’ | ||
| *pout | ‘or feel cold’ | ||
| *pua | ‘carry on the shoulder’ | ||
| *pua | ‘only’ | ||
| *puaq | ‘fruit, seed, blossom, egg, nut, testicle, numeral classifier for roundish objects, bear fruit, show first signs of pregnancy, swell (of the sea)’ | ||
| *puaq ni kayu | ‘fruit (of a tree)’ | ||
| *puaq puaq | ‘bearing fruit, fruitful’ | ||
| *puaR | ‘break, crush, smash’ | ||
| *puat | ‘for the purpose of, in order to’ | ||
| *puat | ‘harvest fruits’ | ||
| *puat | ‘lift, carry, bring, emerge, appear, begin, take a spouse’ | ||
| *puat-an | ‘crop, load of fruit’ | ||
| *puat-an | ‘lift, carry’ | ||
| *pucoq pucoq | ‘foam, bubbles, foaming, bubbling’ | ||
| *pucut | ‘spurt out’ | ||
| *pudi | ‘banana’ | ||
| *pui | ‘bunch, cluster (as of fruit)’ | ||
| *pui | ‘turn over, rock back and forth, swing’ | ||
| *pui pui | ‘turn over, rock back and forth, swing’ | ||
| *puis | ‘back and forth movement’ | ||
| *puk | ‘pop!, plop!, splash!’ | ||
| *puk | ‘sound of a dull thud’ | ||
| *puka | ‘fall’ | ||
| *puke | ‘open, uncover’ | ||
| *puki | ‘vulva, vagina’ | ||
| *puko | ‘morning, tomorrow’ | ||
| *pukot | ‘dragnet’ | ||
| *pukpuk | ‘hammer, pound, beat’ | ||
| *pukuR | ‘cough’ | ||
| *pula | ‘sea cucumber, sea slug’ | ||
| *pula | ‘strand creeper, convolvulus’ | ||
| *pula | ‘swell, become turgid’ | ||
| *pulan | ‘kind of shellfish’ | ||
| *pulan | ‘moon, month’ | ||
| *pulan | ‘unnaturally white, albino’ | ||
| *pulaR | ‘cataract of the eye, hazy or blurred vision’ | ||
| *pulaR | ‘unnaturally white, albino’ | ||
| *puliR | ‘bunch, cluster of fruit’ | ||
| *pulu | ‘body hair, fur, feathers, floss on plants’ | ||
| *pulu | ‘wash the hands’ | ||
| *pulu ni manuk | ‘feathers’ | ||
| *pulu pulu | ‘hairy’ | ||
| *pulu qi mata | ‘eyelash’ | ||
| *pulu-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ | ||
| *puluq | ‘constellation: the Pleiades’ | ||
| *puluq | ‘group of ten’ | ||
| *puna | ‘base of a tree, beginning, origin’ | ||
| *puna | ‘source, origin’ | ||
| *punas | ‘wipe off, wipe out’ | ||
| *punat | ‘plant used to stun fish’; ‘Derris elliptica’ | ||
| *puŋa | ‘crowded, mass of people’ | ||
| *puŋa | ‘flower, blossom’ | ||
| *puŋao | ‘affines of the first ascending or zero generation’ | ||
| *puŋa-puŋa | ‘hill, mountain’ | ||
| *puŋu | ‘bunch, cluster’ | ||
| *puŋun | ‘bunch, cluster’ | ||
| *puni | ‘hide, conceal’ | ||
| *puni | ‘ringworm’; ‘Tinea imbricata’ | ||
| *puni-puni | ‘secretive’ | ||
| *puntal | ‘puffer fish sp.’ | ||
| *puntu | ‘small hill, knoll’ | ||
| *punuq | ‘constellation: the Pleiades’ | ||
| *punuq | ‘strike, beat, pierce, kill, extinguish (a fire)’ | ||
| *punuq-a | ‘strike, beat, kill’ | ||
| *punuq-i | ‘strike, beat, kill’ | ||
| *pupu | ‘bladder’ | ||
| *pupu | ‘conical bamboo basket trap for fish’ | ||
| *pupu | ‘pick, pluck (as fruit)’ | ||
| *pupuk | ‘insect that infests wood and bamboo, dust produced by the boring of this insect’ | ||
| *pupuk | ‘sound of pounding or knocking’ | ||
| *pupula | ‘raised flesh over a wound’ | ||
| *pu-pulan | ‘herring’; ‘Megalops cyprinoides’ | ||
| *pu-pulan | ‘white fish, tarpon’; ‘Megalops cyprinoides’ | ||
| *pu-pulu | ‘betel pepper’; ‘Piper betle’ | ||
| *pupuŋ | ‘swell up’ | ||
| *pupuŋan | ‘ridge of the roof’ | ||
| *pupuR | ‘rinse the mouth, gargle’ | ||
| *pupus | ‘leak, pour out, loose or crumbling, crumble and fall’ | ||
| *pupus-a | ‘drip or pour out’ | ||
| *pupus-i | ‘leak’ | ||
| *puput | ‘pluck (as fruit), strip off (as leaves)’ | ||
| *puput-i | ‘pull out, uproot (as plants), pluck (as hair or feathers)’ | ||
| *puqal | ‘levered up, uprooted’ | ||
| *puqaya | ‘crocodile’ | ||
| *puqi | ‘rinse, wash’ | ||
| *puqi puqi | ‘pour water on, douse (as a fire)’ | ||
| *puqpuq | ‘pick, pluck (as fruit)’ | ||
| *puqulu | ‘leaf of the betel pepper’ | ||
| *puqun | ‘base of a tree, cause, source, origin, beginning, foot of a hill or mountain, first wife, model or example (to be copied), expression for the mother’s brother’ | ||
| *puqun nu kahiw | ‘tree’ | ||
| *puqun nu laŋit | ‘horizon, stranger, foreigner’ | ||
| *puRa | ‘spray water from the mouth, spray a mixture of saliva and masticated medicinal herbs on an ailing body part in curing’ | ||
| *pura | ‘arrive, appear, come into view’ | ||
| *puRa-puRas | ‘whale’ | ||
| *puraq | ‘immerse, dip in water’ | ||
| *puraq | ‘unnaturally white, albino’ | ||
| *puraq puraq | ‘foam, bubbles, bubble up’ | ||
| *puRas | ‘spray water from the mouth’ | ||
| *puRcit | ‘spurt or gush out’ | ||
| *puRe | ‘beach creepers’; ‘including Ipomoea grandiflora and Ipomoea pes-caprae’ | ||
| *puRe | ‘lifted up or deposited on the beach by tide or current’ | ||
| *pure | ‘navel’ | ||
| *puri | ‘roll, roll over’ | ||
| *puro | ‘foam, bubbles’ | ||
| *puro | ‘sponge’ | ||
| *puro puro | ‘foam, bubbles’ | ||
| *puRu | ‘jealous’ | ||
| *puRuk | ‘spray spittle, etc. from the mouth for magical purposes’ | ||
| *pururuŋ | ‘glow or flame of fire’ | ||
| *-purus | ‘whirlwind, whirlpool’ | ||
| *pusa | ‘heart’ | ||
| *pusa | ‘originate, related by common origin, born’ | ||
| *pusa | ‘rotten’ | ||
| *pusi | ‘blow (as the wind)’ | ||
| *pusiRa | ‘starling’; ‘Aplonis spp.’ | ||
| *puso | ‘glutton’ | ||
| *puso | ‘heart’ | ||
| *puso | ‘white’ | ||
| *pusoc | ‘navel, umbilicus’ | ||
| *pusoq | ‘foam, bubbles’ | ||
| *pusuR | ‘hunting bow’ | ||
| *put | ‘coconut husk’ | ||
| *puta | ‘fishnet float’ | ||
| *putat | ‘trees in the genus Barringtonia’ | ||
| *putiR | ‘wart, cyst, non-purulent skin eruption’ | ||
| *putput | ‘pluck, pull out’ | ||
| *putu | ‘group, crowd, flock, school, bunch, cluster’ | ||
| *putuk | ‘knock, pound, beat’ | ||
| *putul | ‘protuberant part’ | ||
| *putul | ‘small hill, knoll’ | ||
| *putul putul | ‘small hill, knoll’ | ||
| *putun | ‘shore tree’; ‘Barringtonia spp.’ | ||
| *putuq | ‘testicles, scrotum’ | ||
| *putur | ‘small hill, knoll’ | ||
| *puu | ‘blow’ | ||
| *puuŋ | ‘howl (of the wind)’ | ||
| *pwajaR | ‘clap hands’ | ||
| *pwaka | ‘come into view’ | ||
| *pwalaq | ‘split wood’ | ||
| *pwaŋa | ‘hole, cavern’ | ||
| *pwano-pwano | ‘plant’; ‘Guettarda speciosa’ | ||
| *pwasa | ‘sore on skin’ | ||
| *pwasaR | ‘large pandanus sp.’ | ||
| *pwasaR | ‘slap, hit’ | ||
| *pwasar | ‘large pandanus sp.’ | ||
| *pwasar | ‘slap, hit’ | ||
| *pwatika | ‘potato yam, aerial yam’; ‘Dioscorea bulbifera’ | ||
| *pwatu | ‘elbow, knee, joint, node’ | ||
| *pwau | ‘head’ | ||
| *pwipipi | ‘kind of shore bird, possibly snipe’ | ||
| *pwiRa | ‘elephantiasis’ | ||
| *pwirip | ‘parrot’; ‘probably Trichoglossus sp.’ | ||
| *pwosa | ‘appear’ | ||
| *q<in>uma | ‘cultivated field, garden’ | ||
| *(q)<um>una | ‘do or go first, lead’ | ||
| *qa | ‘locative particle’ | ||
| *qabatiR | ‘sago grub’ | ||
| *qabi | ‘take hold of, grasp’ | ||
| *qabin | ‘hold or carry under the arm’ | ||
| *qaco | ‘day’ | ||
| *qait | ‘copulate, copulation, sexual intercourse’ | ||
| *qalar | ‘fence, wall’ | ||
| *qalejaw-qalejaw | ‘daily, every day’ | ||
| *qali- | ‘prefix for words with a sensitive reference to the spirit world’ | ||
| *qaliliŋ | ‘cateye shell’ | ||
| *qalima | ‘hand’ | ||
| *qali-maŋo | ‘mangrove crab’ | ||
| *qali-maŋu | ‘mangrove crab’ | ||
| *(q)alipa | ‘nut tree’; ‘Canarium sp.’ | ||
| *qalipan | ‘centipede’ | ||
| *qali-popot | ‘firefly’ | ||
| *qaliR | ‘flow’ | ||
| *qaliR-an | ‘place where water flows’ | ||
| *qalo | ‘sun’ | ||
| *qalo | ‘tree with wood used to make fireplows’ | ||
| *qalop | ‘beckon, wave’ | ||
| *qalu | ‘fish: barracuda sp.’ | ||
| *qalun | ‘long rolling wave, swell, billow’ | ||
| *qamataq | ‘raw, eat something raw’ | ||
| *qaŋab | ‘gape, open the mouth wide’ | ||
| *qaŋap | ‘gape, open the mouth wide’ | ||
| *qaŋeSit | ‘stench, musky odor of an animal’ | ||
| *qaŋet | ‘anger’ | ||
| *qa-ni | ‘this, here’ | ||
| *qani | ‘proximal deictic: this’ | ||
| *qanitu | ‘ghost, ancestral spirit, nature spirit, corpse, owl, various plants’ | ||
| *qanunu | ‘shadow, reflection, soul’ | ||
| *qanus | intr. ‘spittle, spit’ | ||
| *qanus-i | trans. ‘spit’ | ||
| *qanusi | ‘spit at (as an insult?)’ | ||
| *qapaliR | ‘surgeonfish’; ‘Acanthurus spp.’ | ||
| *qapaRa | ‘shoulder, carry on the shoulder’ | ||
| *qapaRa | ‘topmost hand of banana stalk’ | ||
| *qapatoR | ‘sago grub’ | ||
| *qapator | ‘sago grub’ | ||
| *qapit | ‘tongs, anything used to hold things together by pinching’ | ||
| *qapu | ‘ashes, dust’ | ||
| *qapuk | ‘dust’ | ||
| *qapuR | ‘lime, calcium’ | ||
| *qaqe | ‘leg, foot’ | ||
| *qaRa | ‘fence, enclosure’ | ||
| *qarita | ‘putty nut’; ‘Parinarium laurinum’ | ||
| *qarop | ‘front side, belly (of an animal?)’ | ||
| *qaRuas | ‘young growth stage of mullet’ | ||
| *qaRus | ‘current, flow’ | ||
| *qasam | ‘fern used for tying and binding’ | ||
| *qasawa | ‘spouse, husband, wife’ | ||
| *qase | ‘chin, jaw’ | ||
| *qasi | ‘no, not’ | ||
| *qasiRa | ‘salt’ | ||
| *qaso | ‘food offering’ | ||
| *qasu | ‘bail out water’ | ||
| *qasu | ‘gall, gall bladder’; ‘Octopus sepia’ | ||
| *qasu | ‘smoke, fumes, steam, smoke (as a fire)’ | ||
| *qasu qasu | ‘give off smoke continuously, pour out smoke’ | ||
| *qatai | ‘side of canoe opposite the outrigger’ | ||
| *qatay | ‘liver, seat of the emotions, inner self: core, mind, will, desire, feeling, intelligence, understanding, want or wish, hollow of the palm of the hand or sole of the foot, pith (as of bamboo)’ | ||
| *qatay qatay | ‘climbing plant’; ‘Wedelia biflora’ | ||
| *qatay-an | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ | ||
| *qate qate | ‘calf of the leg’ | ||
| *qatimun | ‘cucumber’ | ||
| *qatita | ‘putty nut’; ‘Parinarium laurinum’ | ||
| *qatoluR | ‘egg’ | ||
| *qatop | ‘roof, thatch’ | ||
| *qatu | ‘strike from above, pound’ | ||
| *qatuan | ‘deity’ | ||
| *qatulay | ‘fish: the big-eyed scad’; ‘Trachurops crumenophthalmus’ | ||
| *qatun | ‘fish, skipjack tuna or bonito’ | ||
| *qatuR | ‘stack up, in a row, lined up, order, arrange’ | ||
| *qaue | ‘exclamation of joy or sorrow’ | ||
| *qauŋ | ‘howl (of a dog)’ | ||
| *qauR | ‘type of large bamboo’ | ||
| *qawa | ‘fish sp.: the milkfish’; ‘Chanos chanos’ | ||
| *qawa | ‘mouth’ | ||
| *qawan | ‘fish sp.: the milkfish’; ‘Chanos chanos’ | ||
| *qawas | ‘fish sp.: mullet sp.’; ‘Neomyxus chaptalii’ | ||
| *qayawan | ‘banyan, strangler fig’ | ||
| *qayuyu | ‘coconut crab’; ‘Birgus latro’ | ||
| *qenop | ‘lie down to sleep’ | ||
| *qi | ‘exclamation of pain, fear, excitement, etc.’ | ||
| *qi | ‘genitive marker’ | ||
| *qia | ‘exclamation (probably of affirmation or confirmation)’ | ||
| *qila | ‘any natural mark on human skin, birthmark, freckle, mole’ | ||
| *qila-qila | ‘have dark blotches on the skin’ | ||
| *qi(m)pun | ‘heap, collection, gather, heap up’ | ||
| *qina | ‘exclamation of astonishment, fright, etc.’ | ||
| *qinep | ‘lie down to sleep’ | ||
| *qiŋet | ‘angry, upset’ | ||
| *qiŋga | ‘until (as far as), limit, boundary’ | ||
| *qio | ‘yes, expression of affirmation’ | ||
| *qipil | ‘hardwood tree’; ‘Intsia bijuga, Afzelia bijuga’ | ||
| *qiro | ‘see, look at, behold’ | ||
| *qisaq | ‘interjection of negative emotive force’ | ||
| *qisep | ‘sucking, soaking up, absorbing’ | ||
| *qitaq | ‘aggressiveness, anger’ | ||
| *qiteluR | ‘egg, testicle’ | ||
| *qitem | ‘black’ | ||
| *qitik | ‘small, little, few’ | ||
| *qitiŋ | ‘bunch of bananas’ | ||
| *qo | ‘yes, agree, give assent’ | ||
| *qodaq | ‘eat something raw’ | ||
| *qokok | ‘cough’ | ||
| *qone | ‘sand’ | ||
| *qone qone | ‘sandy’ | ||
| *qoŋkom | ‘hold something in the mouth’ | ||
| *qono | ‘fish, barracuda’ | ||
| *qono | ‘mend a net’ | ||
| *qonop | ‘close, shut’ | ||
| *qoso | ‘provisions for a journey’ | ||
| *qoti | ‘finished, used up’ | ||
| *quban | ‘gray hair’ | ||
| *qubi | ‘yam’; ‘Dioscorea alata Linn.’ | ||
| *quciŋ | ‘dark color’ | ||
| *qudip | ‘life, alive’ | ||
| *que | ‘rattan’; ‘Calamus sp.’ | ||
| *quku | ‘bowstring’ | ||
| *qulej | ‘maggot, caterpillar, larva of a metamorphosing insect’ | ||
| *qulej qulej | ‘lots of worms, crawling with worms, extremely wormy’ | ||
| *qulej-an | ‘have worms’ | ||
| *qules | ‘clothing, wrapping’ | ||
| *quli | ‘knead, mix together’ | ||
| *qulin | ‘rudder, steer (a boat)’ | ||
| *quliŋ | ‘rudder, steer (a boat)’ | ||
| *qulu | ‘head, top part, leader, chief, headwaters, prow of a boat, first, first-born, hair of the head’ | ||
| *qulu ni panua | ‘headland’ | ||
| *qulu qulu | ‘head-end, upper part’ | ||
| *qulu tuhud | ‘knee’ | ||
| *qulua | ‘fish sp.’ | ||
| *qulun | ‘rest the head on’ | ||
| *quluŋ-an | ‘rest the head on, wooden headrest’ | ||
| *quma | ‘swiddden, work a swidden’ | ||
| *qumaŋ qumaŋ | ‘hermit crab’ | ||
| *qumata | ‘snake’ | ||
| *qumay | ‘unicorn fish’; ‘Naso spp.’ | ||
| *qumun | ‘earth oven’ | ||
| *qumun-a | ‘bake or roast in an earth oven’ | ||
| *qumun-i | ‘cook in an earth oven’ | ||
| *qumuR | ‘fill the mouth with food or water’ | ||
| *qumwaŋ | ‘hermit crab’ | ||
| *qunap | ‘scale of fish, shell of turtle’ | ||
| *qunap qunap | ‘fish scales (collective?)’ | ||
| *qunap-i | ‘scale a fish’ | ||
| *qunap-ia | ‘scale a fish’ | ||
| *qunep | ‘scales of fish or snake’ | ||
| *quŋal | ‘mournful howl of a dog’ | ||
| *qunus | ‘move along’ | ||
| *qunus qunus | ‘move along’ | ||
| *qupa | ‘hen, egg-laying chicken’ | ||
| *ququs | ‘chewing on sugarcane’ | ||
| *quraŋ | ‘shrimp, crayfish, lobster’ | ||
| *quRi | ‘fruit tree’; ‘Spondias dulcis’ | ||
| *quruŋ | ‘gather, collect, swarm around’ | ||
| *qusan | ‘rain’ | ||
| *qusan patu | ‘hail, hailstone’ | ||
| *qusan patu | ‘hail’ | ||
| *qusan qusan | ‘rain intermittently’ | ||
| *qusila | ‘lightning’ | ||
| *qusuŋ | ‘carry between two persons’ | ||
| *qusur | ‘push, shove’ | ||
| *qutan | ‘small, wild herbaceous plants, scrub-land, bush’ | ||
| *quto | ‘pith of a tree’ | ||
| *qutok | ‘brain’ | ||
| *qutud | ‘fish sp.’ | ||
| *qutun | ‘green jobfish’; ‘Aprion virescens’ | ||
| *qutup | ‘submerge a container to fill it’ | ||
| *qutup-i | ‘fill with liquid’ | ||
| *qutup-ia | ‘fill it (imper.), filled’ | ||
| *qutut | ‘flatulence, fart’ | ||
| *quzan-i | ‘rain on (something)’ | ||
| *quzuŋ | ‘mountain peak, cape of land, tip of anything’ | ||
| *Rabia | ‘sago palm’ | ||
| *Rabi-Rabi | ‘every night, happening every night’ | ||
| *rabuk | ‘knock, pound, beat’ | ||
| *rago | ‘stick, adhere’ | ||
| *rakaq | ‘open’ | ||
| *rakat | ‘walk’ | ||
| *raki | ‘wind from the northeast (?)’ | ||
| *rakit | ‘join along the length, raft’ | ||
| *rakop | ‘embrace’ | ||
| *Rakut | ‘tie together’ | ||
| *ralic | ‘buttress root’ | ||
| *ralom | ‘insides, area within, inner part of something, between, below, under, deep, mind, feelings’ | ||
| *ralom qate | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ | ||
| *ramaR | ‘light, luminosity’ | ||
| *ra(m)bek | ‘strike, break’ | ||
| *ra(m)buk | ‘knock, pound, beat’ | ||
| *Ramut | ‘fibrous roots (as of grass)’ | ||
| *Raŋa | ‘spider conch’; ‘Lambis lambis’ | ||
| *Raŋak | ‘spider conch’; ‘Lambis lambis’ | ||
| *RaŋaR | ‘spider conch’; ‘Lambis lambis’ | ||
| *Raŋaw | ‘dry up, wither’ | ||
| *raŋi | ‘near’ | ||
| *ra(ŋ)kup | ‘gather in the cupped hands’ | ||
| *rano | ‘lake’ | ||
| *ranum | ‘fresh water’ | ||
| *rapaR | ‘flat, level, even’ | ||
| *rapat | ‘attack’ | ||
| *Rapi | ‘afternoon, evening, yesterday’ | ||
| *Rapuk | ‘worn out, decaying’ | ||
| *Rapun | ‘misty, dim’ | ||
| *rapuR | ‘hearth’ | ||
| *Raput | ‘uproot, pull out by the roots’ | ||
| *raqan | ‘branch, bough’ | ||
| *raqan kayu | ‘branch of a tree’ | ||
| *raqani | ‘day’ | ||
| *raqe | ‘forehead’ | ||
| *Raqup | ‘cup the hands’ | ||
| *rarap | ‘tree with dense clusters of red flowers, Indian coral tree’; ‘Erythrina indica’ | ||
| *raRat | ‘sea coast (?)’ | ||
| *ra-rua | ‘two (of people)’ | ||
| *Rataq | ‘coconut milk’ | ||
| *rataR | ‘flat or level land’ | ||
| *Ratas | ‘milk’ |