Blust & Trussel (2019f): Proto-Oceanic
Search entries
| Headword | IPA | Glosses | |
|---|---|---|---|
| *<in> | ‘perfective marker’ |
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| *-a | ‘3sg. object’ |
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| *-a | ‘imperative suffix’ |
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| *a | ‘article’ |
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| *a | ‘conjunction: and’ |
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| *a | ‘exclamation, interjection’ |
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| *a | ‘hesitation particle’ |
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| *a | ‘ligature’ |
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| *a- | ‘adjectival prefix’ |
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| *abi | ‘take hold of, grasp’ |
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| *abit | ‘hold, get, take’ |
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| *abu | ‘grandparent’ |
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| *abut | ‘pull up, root up’ |
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| *acan | ‘name’ |
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| *acok | ‘sniff, kiss’ |
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| *adom | ‘think, understand’ |
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| *agup | ‘pick up with both hands’ |
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| *ai | ‘anaphoric or relative particle: there, previously mentioned place’ |
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| *ai | ‘interjection, exclamation of surprise, incredulity, etc.’ |
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| *akaR | ‘root’ |
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| *ake | ‘tree sp.’ |
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| *akot | ‘point out, show, teach’ |
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| *aku | ‘1sg nominative, I’ |
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| *akup | ‘cover’ |
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| *ala | ‘take, get, fetch, obtain, marry’ |
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| *alali | ‘halibut, sole, flounder’ |
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| *alap | ‘fetch, get, take’ |
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| *alaq | ‘fetch, get, take’ |
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| *aliq | ‘move, change place’ |
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| *aluca | ‘paddle’ |
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| *aluluŋ | ‘howl (of dogs)’ |
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| *aluŋ | ‘shade, shadow’ |
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| *aluton | ‘firewood’ |
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| *amatu | ‘double-headed parrotfish’ |
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| *amax | ‘father’ |
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| *ami | ‘1pl. excl. nominative pronoun, we (exclusive)’ |
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| *-an | ‘verbal suffix marking locative voice, nominal suffix marking location’ |
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| *-ana | ‘attributive suffix’ |
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| *ana<ŋa>ican | ‘when? (past)’ |
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| *añam | ‘plait (mats, baskets, etc.)’ |
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| *ane | ‘insect of the order Isoptera: termite, white ant’ |
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| *aŋak | ‘out of breath, gasping’ |
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| *aŋi | ‘sharp’ |
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| *aŋin | ‘wind’ |
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| *aŋin-aŋin | ‘gust, draft, current of air’ |
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| *aŋit | ‘anger’ |
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| *aŋo | ‘turmeric’; ‘Curcuma longa’ |
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| *aŋo-aŋo-ana | ‘yellow’ |
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| *aŋom | ‘stench’ |
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| *aŋusu | ‘spit, spittle’ |
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| *anu | ‘thing whose name is unknown’ |
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| *a-nu-ku | ‘my unnamed thing: mine’ |
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| *añuliŋ | ‘fruit-bearing plant’; ‘Pisonia umbellifera’ |
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| *a-nu-mu | ‘your unnamed thing: yours’ |
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| *anu-ña | ‘his/her unnamed thing: his/hers’ |
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| *a-nusa | ‘small island, islet’ |
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| *apa | ‘what?’ |
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| *apa apa | ‘something, anything, everything’ |
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| *api | ‘fire’ |
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| *apic | ‘twins of the same sex’ |
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| *apit | ‘pinch, squeeze’ |
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| *apo | ‘high, lofty’ |
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| *apon | ‘fishing line’ |
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| *apuk | ‘dust’ |
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| *apuŋ apuŋ | ‘floating’ |
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| *ari | ‘demonstrative: this (?)’ |
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| *ariRi | ‘housepost’ |
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| *aRu | ‘shore tree’; ‘Casuarina equisetifolia’ |
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| *aru | ‘many, much’ |
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| *asam | ‘kind of fern’ |
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| *asaŋ | ‘gills’ |
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| *asaŋ-i | ‘gills of’ |
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| *asaq | ‘sharpen, rub, grate’ |
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| *asaq-i | transitive. ‘sharpen’ |
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| *asio | ‘sneeze’ |
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| *asok | ‘plant in holes in the ground’ |
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| *asu | ‘fetch water, scoop up water’ |
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| *ata | ‘1pl. incl. possessive pronoun: our’ |
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| *atas | ‘high, tall’ |
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| *atas-ña | ‘its top’ |
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| *atay | ‘death’ |
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| *ati | ‘negative marker’ |
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| *a-tu | ‘away, outward, forward, onward, towards the hearer’ |
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| *atu | ‘away from speaker’ |
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| *au | ‘dew’ |
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| *au | ‘yes’ |
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| *aura | ‘type of wind’ |
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| *awa | ‘exclamation of surprise’ |
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| *awe | ‘wave’ |
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| *aya | ‘exclamation of annoyance, surprise, etc.’ |
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| *aya | ‘father’s sister, father’s sister’s husband’ |
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| *ba | ‘down, under’ |
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| *ba | ‘or, because, but, perhaps’ |
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| *baba | ‘father’ |
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| *babak | ‘break, chip off’ |
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| *babak | ‘peel off bark’ |
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| *babak | ‘strike, chip stone’ |
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| *baban | ‘board, plank, side of canoe’ |
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| *babaŋ | ‘fish sp.’ |
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| *babaŋ | ‘hole, cavern’ |
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| *babaR | ‘side of the face, cheek, side planks of a canoe’ |
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| *bak | ‘strike against’ |
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| *baka | ‘conjunction: despite, nonetheless’ |
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| *baka | ‘kind of banyan tree’; ‘Ficus sp.’ |
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| *bakewak | ‘shark’ |
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| *baki | ‘break off with the hand’ |
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| *baku | ‘scab, crust’ |
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| *bakul | ‘fish: triggerfish sp.(?)’ |
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| *bala | ‘fence, animal pen, fortification’ |
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| *balai | ‘fish sp.’ |
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| *balai | ‘wild yam’; ‘Dioscorea sp.’ |
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| *balalan | ‘slant, lean over (as a tree)’ |
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| *balaŋ | ‘side, part’ |
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| *balaŋi | ‘fish sp.’ |
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| *balapaq | ‘mid-rib of coconut leaf’ |
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| *balaR | ‘pale, albino’ |
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| *bali | ‘answer, oppose, opposite side or part, partner, friend, enemy’ |
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| *bali | ‘fish sp.’ |
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| *bali | ‘repay, replace, take revenge’ |
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| *baliw | ‘cluster (c) == don mourning apparel, mourn for a deceased spouse’ |
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| *baluc | ‘dove sp.’ |
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| *balun | ‘mix’ |
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| *balut | ‘mix’ |
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| *banaRu | ‘Indian tulip tree’; ‘Thespesia populnea’ |
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| *baŋi | ‘bait’ |
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| *banic | ‘wing’ |
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| *baniŋ | ‘bait’ |
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| *baqoRu | ‘new, recent, young, fresh’ |
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| *baRa | ‘fence, animal pen, fortification’ |
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| *baRa | ‘storage shelf above the hearth’ |
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| *bara | ‘fence, animal pen, fortification’ |
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| *baRa baRa | ‘crosswise’ |
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| *barabara | ‘crosspiece’ |
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| *baraŋ | ‘marker of indefiniteness: if, perhaps, hopefully, or, any’ |
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| *baRat | ‘crosswise beam or shelf’ |
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| *barat | ‘crosswise beam or shelf’ |
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| *bari | ‘nibble at, gnaw at something hard’ |
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| *baRoq | ‘boil’ |
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| *basu | ‘anger, angry’ |
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| *bataŋ | ‘tree trunk, fallen tree, fallen log, stem of a plant, body, corpse, self, bridge of the nose, most important or preeminent thing, main course of a river, mushroom or bracket fungus that grows on tree trunks or decaying logs’ |
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| *bati | ‘canine tooth (?)’ |
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| *batu | ‘kidney’ |
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| *batu | ‘throw’ |
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| *batu-batu | ‘stony, gravel’ |
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| *batuk | ‘head’ |
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| *bayan | ‘bait’ |
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| *bebe | ‘butterfly, butterfly fish’; ‘Chaetodon spp.’ |
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| *beka | ‘split, crack open’ |
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| *bekas | ‘defecate’ |
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| *bekeR | ‘defecate’ |
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| *bele | ‘shrub sp., kind of shrub’ |
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| *belu | ‘bend, curve’ |
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| *beŋaŋ | ‘disconcert, confuse’ |
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| *benu | ‘coconut husk’ |
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| *beRŋi-na | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
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| *beta | ‘breadfruit’ |
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| *bia | ‘sandy soil (?)’ |
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| *bia-bia | ‘limestone sediment (?)’ |
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| *bibi | ‘bivalve mollusk sp., lucine clam’ |
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| *bibit | ‘pinch, squeeze’ |
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| *bikit | ‘attached to’ |
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| *biko | ‘bent, twisted’ |
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| *bila | ‘lightning’ |
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| *bilac | ‘exposed to the sun’ |
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| *bilak | ‘special talent’ |
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| *bilu-bilu | ‘large marine fish, jackfish or trevally’ |
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| *binam | ‘bird, hornbill’ |
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| *binaR | ‘flash of light’ |
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| *biŋa | ‘kind of shellfish’ |
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| *binit | ‘carry’ |
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| *binu | ‘fold over, fold up’ |
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| *bio | ‘type of shell, possibly nautilus’ |
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| *biRa | ‘roe, eggs of fish or crustacean’ |
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| *biRaq | ‘semen, smegma, grease’ |
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| *biRas | ‘semen, smegma, grease’ |
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| *birat | ‘scar’ |
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| *bisik | ‘splash, spatter, splatter’ |
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| *bitak | ‘mud’ |
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| *bitiq | ‘small, few’ |
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| *bito | ‘navel’ |
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| *bituŋ | ‘bamboo sp.’ |
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| *bobo | ‘foolish, fool’ |
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| *boboc | ‘bundle (of firewood, etc.)’ |
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| *boboŋ | ‘butterfly’ |
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| *boboŋ | ‘overcrowd’ |
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| *boboŋ | ‘shut off’ |
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| *boi | ‘call, summon’ |
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| *boi | ‘divide, share, portion (as of food)’ |
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| *boi | ‘smell, odor’ |
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| *bolo bolo | ‘small dark surgeonfish’; ‘possibly Ctenochaetus’ |
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| *boma | ‘kind of seaweed used to paint canoes’ |
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| *bona | ‘pigeon sp.’ |
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| *bona | ‘smell, odor, scent’ |
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| *boŋa | ‘speak sharply or in anger’ |
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| *boŋi | ‘night’ |
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| *boŋi-a | ‘overcome by night, benighted’ |
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| *boŋol | ‘mute, unable to speak’ |
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| *bonor | ‘stopped up, plugged’ |
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| *bonor | ‘true, correct, upright’ |
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| *bonot | ‘closed, dammed up’ |
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| *boñu | ‘hidden from view’ |
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| *boRok | ‘pig’ |
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| *bosuR | ‘satisfied from having eaten enough, satiated’ |
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| *boto | ‘short’ |
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| *botu | ‘explode’ |
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| *bou | ‘smell, odor’ |
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| *bou roŋoR | ‘smell’ |
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| *(bp)ala | ‘dried out’ |
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| *(bp)ala | ‘fight’ |
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| *(bp)ala(bp)ala | ‘fish sp.’ |
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| *(bp)alu | ‘tree sp.’ |
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| *(bp)una | ‘plant used as fish poison’ |
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| *bua | ‘flower, blossom’ |
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| *bua | ‘foam, bubbles, froth’ |
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| *bua bua | ‘species of climber used for decorative purposes’ |
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| *bual bual | ‘species of palm used for making spears and bows, palm-wood spear or bow’ |
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| *buaq | ‘areca nut and palm, heart’ |
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| *buaq na batu | ‘round stone (?)’ |
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| *buaq ni bities | ‘calf of the leg’ |
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| *buat | ‘make, create, invent’ |
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| *buat-an | ‘made, created’ |
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| *bubu | ‘constellation: The Southern Cross’ |
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| *bubu | ‘grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal term of address)’ |
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| *bubu | ‘plant used for perfuming the body’ |
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| *bubu | ‘rub on’ |
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| *bubu | ‘trigger fish’; ‘Balistes sp.’ |
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| *bubuni | ‘smear, paint over’ |
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| *bubuR | ‘drive pigs into a net’ |
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| *buburu | ‘grass, grow densely (as grass)’ |
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| *bubu₈ | ‘sing, song’ |
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| *bukal | ‘bubble up (as spring water)’ |
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| *bukbuk-an | ‘attacked by wood worms’ |
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| *buku | ‘node (as in bamboo or sugarcane), joint, knuckle, knot in wood, knot in string or rope’; ‘Mons veneris’ |
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| *buku ni lima | ‘wrist bone’ |
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| *buku ni waqay | ‘ankle bone’ |
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| *buku-an | ‘have joints, have protuberances’ |
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| *buku-buku | ‘node, joint, knuckle, swelling under the skin’ |
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| *bula | ‘kindle, light a fire, set ablaze’ |
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| *bulat | ‘open the eyes wide, stare with round eyes’ |
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| *buli buli | ‘fish sp.’ |
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| *buliŋ | ‘turn over, roll over, transform, upside down’ |
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| *buliq | ‘cowrie shell’; ‘Cypraea mauritiana’ |
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| *bulit | ‘caulk, fill up a hole or crack with viscous material’ |
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| *bulos | ‘turn around, turn back’ |
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| *bu(lR)i | ‘roll on the ground, wallow’ |
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| *bulu ni babuy | ‘pig bristles, type of sea urchin with thin black spines’ |
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| *buluŋ | ‘dark green, dark blue’ |
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| *buluq | ‘type of slender bamboo’; ‘Schizostachyum spp.’ |
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| *bulut | ‘birdlime’ |
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| *bulut | ‘hairy filaments of certain plants, husk’ |
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| *buna | ‘fish sp.’ |
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| *bunaR | ‘batfish’; ‘Platax spp.’ |
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| *bune | ‘fruit dove’; ‘probably Treron spp.’ |
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| *bune bune | ‘greenish fruit dove’ |
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| *buŋa | ‘kind of porous, white, round and flat coral growth’ |
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| *buŋi | ‘night, darkness’ |
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| *buntu buntu | ‘small hill, knoll’ |
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| *buntut | ‘rear end of an animal’ |
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| *bunut | ‘coconut husk, coir’ |
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| *buqi | ‘pour water on, douse (as a fire)’ |
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| *bura | ‘discharge of pus’ |
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| *buraq | ‘foam, bubbles, bubble up’ |
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| *buRat | ‘tree with sweet-smelling flowers’; ‘Fagraea berteroana’ |
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| *buRiq | ‘wash (as the hands)’ |
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| *buRit | ‘hind part, rear, back’ |
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| *burit | ‘hind part, rear, back’ |
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| *buRu | ‘blow’ |
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| *burul | ‘blunt, dull’ |
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| *busa | ‘container for solid objects, package’ |
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| *busa | ‘foam, suds’ |
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| *buta | ‘affliction of the eyes’ |
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| *buta | ‘hole, opening, vagina’ |
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| *butaq | ‘earth, soil’ |
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| *buto | ‘navel’ |
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| *butu | ‘group, crowd, flock, school, bunch, cluster’ |
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| *butul | ‘break, cut’ |
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| *buu | ‘conch shell trumpet’ |
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| *buu | ‘corner’ |
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| *buu | ‘cough’ |
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| *bwala | ‘shell, peeling, skin’ |
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| *bwara | ‘shell, peeling, skin’ |
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| *bweka | ‘fruit bat, flying fox’ |
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| *bwisi | ‘finger (?)’ |
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| *Cenek | ‘thorn’ |
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| *cupcup | ‘sip, suck’ |
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| *-da | ‘1pl. incl. nominative and hortative pronoun’ |
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| *-da | ‘1pl. incl. possessive suffix’ |
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| *da | ‘1pl. incl. subject prefix and possessive suffix, we (incl.), our (incl.)’ |
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| *dabuk | ‘pound, beat’ |
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| *damwa | ‘forehead’ |
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| *daŋdaŋ | ‘warm oneself or something near a fire, heat or dry near a fire’ |
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| *daŋkeq | ‘branch, twig’ |
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| *daReq | ‘soil, probably clay’ |
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| *daRi | ‘fish’; ‘Scomberoides sp.’ |
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| *datu | ‘lineage priest (?)’ |
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| *daula | ‘frigate bird’ |
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| *diqaq | ‘good’ |
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| *drali | ‘slitgong’ |
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| *d(r)amut | ‘lime spatula’ |
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| *draŋi | ‘day’ |
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| *draRaq | ‘blood’ |
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| *draula | ‘frigate bird’ |
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| *drolom | ‘dark’ |
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| *droŋan | ‘with, in conjunction with, companion’ |
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| *drulas | ‘slip or slide’ |
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| *druru | ‘owl’ |
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| *e | ‘numeral prefix, cardinal numeral marker’ |
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| *e boŋi | ‘it is getting dark, night is coming on’ |
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| *eŋap | ‘gasp for breath’ |
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| *esa | ‘one’ |
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| *galu | ‘stir, mix’ |
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| *gama | ‘morning star?’ |
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| *ga-pica | ‘how much?, how many?’ |
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| *garus | ‘scratch’ |
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| *gem | ‘hold in the fist’ |
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| *gerit | ‘sound of scraping or scratching’ |
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| *gomol | ‘squeeze, hold tight, clutch’ |
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| *gomuR | ‘hold liquid in the mouth, gargle’ |
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| *-gu | ‘1sg possessive pronoun, my’ |
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| *gurat | ‘tree with roots that furnish a red dye’; ‘Morinda citrifolia’ |
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| *guru | ‘noise, tumult’ |
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| *guRuŋ | ‘deep rumbling sound, thunder’ |
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| *h<um>una | ‘do or go first’ |
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| *ha | ‘locative particle’ |
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| *habaRat | ‘southwest monsoon’ |
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| *hawak | ‘waist, back of the waist’ |
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| *hebun | ‘group, pile’ |
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| *hedaw | ‘stop, cease (of rain)’ |
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| *heŋak | ‘out of breath’ |
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| *hesi | ‘flesh, meat’ |
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| *hi- | ‘originate from, come from’ |
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| *-i | ‘local transitive suffix’ |
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| *i | ‘exclamation of wonder, disgust, etc.’ |
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| *i | ‘generic marker of location in space or time’ |
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| *i | ‘numeral prefix’ |
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| *i | ‘personal article’ |
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| *i- | ‘verbal prefix marking instrumental or benefactive voice’ |
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| *i papo | ‘above, on the top’ |
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| *i rarom | ‘below, beneath, inside’ |
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| *-ia | ‘transitive and imperative suffix’ |
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| *ia | ‘3sg. personal pronoun: he, she, him, her, it’ |
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| *ia | ‘this, here, that, there’ |
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| *i-aku | ‘1sg., I, me’ |
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| *ia-ni | ‘this, here’ |
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| *iaqi | ‘demonstrative marker of uncertain meaning’ |
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| *ias | ‘particle of doubt or interrogation’ |
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| *iba iba | ‘remainder, surplus’ |
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| *ibe | ‘mat’ |
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| *ibo | ‘edible sea worm’; ‘Sipunculus spp.’ |
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| *ibu | ‘container for liquids’ |
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| *ican | ‘when?’ |
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| *icud | ‘budge, shift, move aside’ |
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| *icuŋ | ‘nose’ |
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| *ihi | ‘exclamation of surprise, etc.’ |
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| *ika-lima | ‘fifth (ordinal numeral)’ |
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| *ikan | ‘fish’ |
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| *ika-onom | ‘sixth’ |
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| *ika-pitu | ‘seventh’ |
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| *ika-siwa | ‘ninth’ |
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| *ika-tolu | ‘third’ |
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| *ika-walu | ‘eighth (ordinal)’ |
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| *ike | ‘mallet for beating bark into bark cloth’ |
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| *iko | ‘2sg., you’ |
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| *ikuR | ‘tail’ |
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| *ikuR ikuR | ‘trailing behind’ |
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| *ila | ‘wild, timorous, shy’ |
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| *ilap | ‘flicker (of flames)’ |
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| *i-laur | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
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| *ili | ‘thwarts of a canoe’ |
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| *i-lima | ‘five’ |
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| *iliŋ | ‘pour’ |
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| *ilo | ‘inside, interior, thoughts, emotions, memories’ |
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| *ilo | ‘look at’ |
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| *ima | ‘kind of pandanus with leaves useful for plaiting’ |
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| *imi | ‘2p. pl. pronoun: you’ |
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| *i-na | ‘that, there’ |
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| *ina | ‘mother, mother's sister, female animal, largest member of a set’ |
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| *ina ama | ‘parents’ |
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| *inap | ‘sneer, laugh in derision’ |
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| *iŋaR | ‘loud (of the voice), voice’ |
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| *i-ni | ‘this, here’ |
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| *inum | ‘act of drinking’ |
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| *inum-ia | ‘drink it! (imper.)’ |
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| *inum-inum | ‘drink (repetitive, frequentative, etc.)’ |
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| *io | ‘spear’ |
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| *i-palu | ‘make war on’ |
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| *ipaR- | ‘sibling-in-law of the same sex’ |
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| *ipi | ‘blow’ |
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| *ipi | ‘the ‘Tahitian chestnut’’; ‘Inocarpus fagiferus or I. edulis’ |
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| *ipon | ‘tooth’ |
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| *ipoR | ‘saliva in the mouth, drool, desire, crave, lust for’ |
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| *ipos | ‘cockroach’ |
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| *ipu- | ‘hair, feather’ |
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| *ipun | ‘cover with earth’ |
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| *iput | ‘pull out, uproot’ |
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| *iqi | ‘exclamation of surprise, pain, etc.’ |
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| *ira | ‘they, them’ |
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| *iri | ‘that, there’ |
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| *iRimo | ‘tree’; ‘probably Octomeles spp.’ |
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| *iriŋ | ‘follow, accompany’ |
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| *irir | ‘fan’ |
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| *iro iro | ‘reflect, shine’ |
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| *iRup | ‘sip (as soup)’ |
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| *isa | ‘name’ |
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| *isa | ‘one’ |
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| *i-sai | ‘who?’ |
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| *isi | ‘hiss’ |
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| *isi | ‘peel, strip off’ |
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| *isi | ‘scrape (as coconut meat from a shell), grate (as coconut meat)’ |
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| *isop | ‘suck, inhale’ |
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| *isud | ‘budge, shift, move’ |
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| *isug | ‘clean oneself by scrubbing’ |
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| *ita | ‘we (incl.)’ |
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| *iti | ‘there, that’ |
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| *iu | ‘bathe’ |
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| *iu | ‘spear’ |
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| *jalan | ‘path, road, way’ |
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| *jama | ‘mate, companion, like, similar to’ |
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| *jaot | ‘spear, harpoon’ |
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| *jaRu | ‘choral singing, blend voices in song’ |
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| *jila | ‘yardarm, sheet of a sail, sticks used to turn the sail’ |
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| *jiŋana | ‘whitebait’ |
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| *jiwaŋ | ‘gap, open space’ |
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| *joŋjoŋ | ‘cork, stopper, plug’ |
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| *jukul | ‘cornered, unable to escape’ |
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| *jukul | ‘measure vertically’ |
||
| *k<in>an | ‘food, meat’ |
||
| *ka | ‘(human) member of a category’ |
||
| *ka | ‘2sg. subject pronoun’ |
||
| *ka | conjunctive particle. ‘and’ |
||
| *ka | ‘conditional, if’ |
||
| *ka- | ‘past participle/achieved state’ |
||
| *ka- | ‘prefix for ordinal numerals’ |
||
| *kabak | ‘beat, flap the wings’ |
||
| *kaba-kabak | ‘flap the wings repeatedly’ |
||
| *kabat | ‘canoes joined together lengthwise (?)’ |
||
| *kabe | ‘jointed creeper which yields fiber used to make cordage and fishnets’ |
||
| *kabe | ‘wing’ |
||
| *kabi | ‘catch (as in a trap)’ |
||
| *kabit | ‘adhere, stick to’ |
||
| *kaboRa | ‘catfish’ |
||
| *kabuŋ | ‘stomach of an animal’ |
||
| *kada | ‘stalk or cluster of fruit’ |
||
| *kadapuR | ‘rain cloud’ |
||
| *kadik | ‘large black ant with painful sting, probably bulldog ant’ |
||
| *kadoRa | ‘cuscus, phalanger’ |
||
| *kadro | ‘neck’ |
||
| *kadrut | ‘scratch an itch’ |
||
| *kaen | ‘eat’ |
||
| *ka-epat | ‘fourth’ |
||
| *kai | ‘(human) member of a category’ |
||
| *ka-ica | ‘when?’ |
||
| *kak | ‘sound of a cackle, loud laugh, etc.’ |
||
| *kaka | ‘elder sibling of the same sex’ |
||
| *kaka | ‘fibrous integument at the base of coconut fronds’ |
||
| *kaka | ‘flaky skin disease’ |
||
| *kakakₐ | ‘cackle’ |
||
| *kakap | ‘stammer, stutter’ |
||
| *kakaq | ‘split’ |
||
| *kakar-i | ‘scratch up the earth (as a fowl)’ |
||
| *kakas | ‘scrape, scratch’ |
||
| *kakas(-i) | ‘split’ |
||
| *kakas-i | ‘scrape, abrade’ |
||
| *kakat-i | ‘chew or bite off’ |
||
| *kakawa | ‘goby, blenny’ |
||
| *kalapo | ‘rat, mouse’ |
||
| *kalaqabusi | ‘shrub’; ‘Acalypha sp.’ |
||
| *kali ~ keli | ‘dig’ |
||
| *kalia | ‘large fish, probably grouper’ |
||
| *kalik | ‘wooden headrest’ |
||
| *kalika | ‘rock cod, grouper’ |
||
| *kalo | ‘neck’ |
||
| *kalu | ‘stir, mix’ |
||
| *kamaliR | ‘bachelor’s house, men’s house’ |
||
| *kamami | ‘1p. excl., we’ |
||
| *kamaRi | ‘fish, rainbow runner’; ‘Elagatis bipinnulata’ |
||
| *kamatu | ‘double-headed parrotfish’ |
||
| *kamay | ‘hand’ |
||
| *kambuR | ‘sprinkle, scatter (seed, etc.)’ |
||
| *k-ami | ‘1pl. excl. nominative pronoun, we (exclusive)’ |
||
| *kamisu | ‘spittle, spit’ |
||
| *kamit | ‘scratch’ |
||
| *kamiu | ‘2pl. nominate and genitive, you all, your’ |
||
| *ka(m)pet | ‘plugged, stopped, blocked’ |
||
| *kamu | ‘2pl. nominative, you all’ |
||
| *kamu | ‘chew, move to and fro in the mouth’ |
||
| *kamu | ‘sheath of a coconut?’ |
||
| *kamwa-kamwa | ‘Ficus sp.’ |
||
| *kana | ‘enemy’ |
||
| *kana | ‘food’ |
||
| *kana- | ‘classifier for edible possession’ |
||
| *kana-kana | ‘think, ponder’ |
||
| *kanam | ‘sing, song’ |
||
| *kanan | ‘food’ |
||
| *kanap | ‘creep, crawl’ |
||
| *kanari | ‘tree with edible nut, Canarium almond’; ‘Canarium commune’ |
||
| *kanarum | ‘tree sp.’ |
||
| *kanase | ‘fish, mullet’ |
||
| *kanawa | ‘tree’; ‘Cordia spp.’ |
||
| *kanawe | ‘kind of white sea bird, probably gull sp.’ |
||
| *kaŋ | ‘animal sound’ |
||
| *kaŋa | ‘open (as the mouth)’ |
||
| *kaŋaRi | ‘tree with edible nut, Canarium almond’; ‘Canarium commune’ |
||
| *kaŋkaŋ | ‘resounding sound’ |
||
| *kani | ‘eat’ |
||
| *kani kani | ‘eat, keep on eating’ |
||
| *kani-a | ‘eat it’ |
||
| *kani-kani | ‘scruffiness of the skin, dirt, dregs’ |
||
| *kanisu | ‘spit at (as an insult?)’ |
||
| *kanon | ‘flesh, kernel’ |
||
| *kanoŋ | ‘flesh, meat, coconut flesh’ |
||
| *kanoŋ qi mata | ‘eyeball’ |
||
| *kañu-kañu | ‘shake (as a house in an earthquake)’ |
||
| *kañul | ‘shake (as the earth in an earthquake)’ |
||
| *kañul-kañul | ‘shake repeatedly’ |
||
| *kanus | ‘spittle, spit’ |
||
| *kao | ‘heron’; ‘probably Egretta sp.’ |
||
| *kape | ‘crab taxon, probably a rock crab’; ‘Grapsidae’ |
||
| *kape | ‘flutter the wings’ |
||
| *kapika | ‘Malay apple’; ‘Syzygium malaccense’ |
||
| *kapiku | ‘Malay apple’; ‘Syzygium malaccense’ |
||
| *kapit | ‘pinch, press between, fasten thatch together with slats in roofing a house’ |
||
| *ka-pitu | ‘seven times’ |
||
| *kapuq | ‘ladle, dipper, scoop, cup’ |
||
| *kapuR | ‘lime, calcium carbonate’ |
||
| *kapuru | ‘soot’ |
||
| *kaput | ‘fog, haze, mist’ |
||
| *kaput | ‘tie or clasp together, button’ |
||
| *kapwa | ‘belly’ |
||
| *kaq(e)pi | ‘brace, splint’ |
||
| *kaqit | ‘hold or pull with a hook’ |
||
| *kaRa | ‘male Eclectus Parrot’; ‘Eclectus roratus’ |
||
| *ka-Rabiqi | ‘evening (?)’ |
||
| *karagwam | ‘seaweed, seagrass’ |
||
| *karak | ‘ringworm’ |
||
| *karak | ‘strong southeast trade wind’ |
||
| *kaRaka | ‘crawl’ |
||
| *kaRakap | ‘crab sp.’ |
||
| *kara-karawa | ‘blue-green’ |
||
| *karamea | ‘tongue’ |
||
| *karaŋi | ‘near’ |
||
| *karani | ‘near’ |
||
| *karasi | ‘scrape off, peel off’ |
||
| *kaRat | ‘bite’ |
||
| *karat | ‘small stinging plant’; ‘perhaps Laportea interrupta’ |
||
| *kaRati | ‘bite’ |
||
| *karawina | ‘blue-green’ |
||
| *kaRi | ‘bivalve species used as a scraper’ |
||
| *kari | ‘scratch, scrape’ |
||
| *karis | ‘scratch, scrape’ |
||
| *kaRo | ‘scratch’ |
||
| *kaRu | ‘say, tell, speak’ |
||
| *kaRu | ‘swim’ |
||
| *ka-rua | ‘second’ |
||
| *kaRud | ‘scrape, grate, rasp’ |
||
| *kaRuki | ‘sand crab’ |
||
| *kaRus | ‘scrape’ |
||
| *karut | ‘coconut growth stage 6: green drinking coconut’ |
||
| *kasaw | ‘rafter, diagonal bamboo poles to which thatch panels are lashed’ |
||
| *kasi | ‘scrape, scraper or grater made from circular bivalve shell’; ‘Asaphis spp.’ |
||
| *kasika | ‘fish, large emperor’; ‘Lethrinus sp.’ |
||
| *kaso | ‘coconut leaf basket’ |
||
| *kaso | ‘reed’ |
||
| *kasu | ‘smoke’ |
||
| *kasupe | ‘rat’ |
||
| *kasusu | ‘coconut crab’ |
||
| *katae | ‘free side of canoe, opposite the outrigger’ |
||
| *kataman | ‘door, doorway’ |
||
| *katapa | ‘frigate bird’ |
||
| *katapaŋ | ‘tree sp.’ |
||
| *ka-taqu | ‘right hand, right side’ |
||
| *katawan | ‘fish sp.’ |
||
| *kati | ‘bite’ |
||
| *katiR | ‘(small) outrigger canoe or canoe hull’ |
||
| *katita | ‘putty nut’; ‘Parinari laurinum’ |
||
| *ka-tolu | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *katou | ‘kind of hermit crab’ |
||
| *katuk | ‘knock’ |
||
| *kau | ‘catch (as with a hook)’ |
||
| *kau | ‘lime, coral limestone’ |
||
| *kaubebe | ‘butterfly’ |
||
| *kauŋ | ‘reverberate (of a sound)’ |
||
| *kauRi | ‘left side’ |
||
| *kauru | ‘bamboo sp.’ |
||
| *kawa-kawa | ‘rock cod, grouper sp.’ |
||
| *kawar | ‘crawl’ |
||
| *kawe | ‘carry, carry away’ |
||
| *kawe | ‘tentacles of octopus, squid, jellyfish, etc., rays of the sun’ |
||
| *kawe | ‘tentacles of octopus, squid, jellyfish, etc., rays of the sun’ |
||
| *kawil | ‘fishhook’ |
||
| *kawit | ‘hook’ |
||
| *kayajo | ‘outrigger boom’ |
||
| *kayu | ‘wood, strong, stiff, penis (colloquial)’ |
||
| *kayu kayu | ‘strong, tough, inflexible’ |
||
| *kayu-kayu | ‘forest, wooded area’ |
||
| *keja | ‘intense green or blue-green’ |
||
| *keju | ‘back of the head’ |
||
| *kek | ‘squawk’ |
||
| *keke | ‘coil, bend’ |
||
| *keke | ‘crunch, sound of crunching’ |
||
| *kekekeke | ‘kind of plover and its cry’ |
||
| *ke(k)kek | ‘cluck’ |
||
| *kelap | ‘shine, sparkle, twinkle’ |
||
| *kelaq | ‘crack, split’ |
||
| *kelas | ‘peel, skin off’ |
||
| *keleŋ | ‘cut into pieces’ |
||
| *keli | ‘dig up’ |
||
| *ke(m)pal | ‘lump, clod (as of earth)’ |
||
| *ke(m)pus | ‘come to an end’ |
||
| *keŋ | ‘hollow, resounding sound’ |
||
| *keŋkeŋ | ‘hollow, resounding sound’ |
||
| *keŋkeŋ | ‘shrink’ |
||
| *kepik | ‘dent’ |
||
| *keRa | ‘hawksbill turtle’; ‘Chelonia imbricata’ |
||
| *keRaŋ | ‘deep reverberating sound’ |
||
| *kerap | ‘shine, sparkle, twinkle’ |
||
| *keRe | ‘vulva, vagina’ |
||
| *ke(R)lap | ‘flash, shine’ |
||
| *keRteŋ | ‘kind of striped or spotted marine fish, grouper’; ‘Epinephelus spp.’ |
||
| *keRut | ‘gnaw, sound of gnawing on something’ |
||
| *kese | ‘keep to oneself, different, alone’ |
||
| *kese-kese | ‘varied, different (?)’ |
||
| *keteŋ | ‘straighten out (of a limb, etc.)’ |
||
| *ketil | ‘pinch off’ |
||
| *ki | ‘allative marker: to, toward’ |
||
| *kiajo | ‘outrigger boom’ |
||
| *kiak | ‘squawk (as a frightened chicken)’ |
||
| *kiaw | ‘puling sound of a bird’ |
||
| *kibit | ‘narrow’ |
||
| *kidik | ‘tap or beat lightly on’ |
||
| *kidiq | ‘tickle’ |
||
| *kik | ‘peep, squeak, giggle’ |
||
| *kikau | ‘Bismarck scrub fowl’; ‘Megapodius eremita’ |
||
| *kiki | ‘kingfisher’; ‘Halcyon spp.’ |
||
| *kiki | ‘small, stunted’ |
||
| *kikik | ‘squeak (as a mouse), giggle’ |
||
| *kikir | ‘file, rasp’ |
||
| *kikit | ‘small, trifling’ |
||
| *kila | ‘wild, skittish (as animals)’ |
||
| *kila-kila | ‘wild, untamed’ |
||
| *kila-kilat | ‘shine, flash repeatedly’ |
||
| *kilala | ‘know (a person), recognize, acquainted with, feel, perceive’ |
||
| *kilat | ‘lightning’ |
||
| *kilat | ‘open the eyes wide’ |
||
| *kilep | ‘glance, glimpse’ |
||
| *kili | ‘turn over, dig by turning over (as rocks)’ |
||
| *kilik | ‘tickle’ |
||
| *kilo | ‘corner of the eye’ |
||
| *kiluŋ | ‘curved, bay’ |
||
| *kiluq | ‘bend, curve, bent, curved, crooked’ |
||
| *kima | ‘giant clamor’; ‘Tridacna gigas’ |
||
| *kimet | ‘blink, flash’ |
||
| *kinit | ‘pinch, nip, pluck’ |
||
| *kipau | ‘Bismarck scrub fowl’; ‘Megapodius eremita’ |
||
| *kiRa | ‘bird, tern sp.’ |
||
| *kiRak | ‘parrot sp.’; ‘possibly Eclectus parrot’ |
||
| *kiRam | ‘axe or adze’ |
||
| *kiras | ‘scar’ |
||
| *kiRe | ‘pandanus, mat made from the leaves of this plant’; ‘Pandanus odoratissimus’ |
||
| *kiRe-kiRe | ‘pandanus sp.’ |
||
| *kiri | ‘tickle’ |
||
| *kirik | ‘tickle’ |
||
| *kisog | ‘twist spasmodically, wriggle’ |
||
| *k-ita | ‘we (incl.)’ |
||
| *kita | ‘see’ |
||
| *kitik | ‘tick, make a ticking or light knocking sound’ |
||
| *kitoŋ | ‘Rabbitfish’; ‘Siganus punctatus (family Siganidae)’ |
||
| *kiuk | ‘peep, cheep’ |
||
| *kiuq | ‘movement in coitus, sexual intercourse’ |
||
| *kiur | ‘movement in coitus’ |
||
| *kiwiwi | ‘shore bird: sandpiper, Pacific Golden Plover’ |
||
| *kiₐ | ‘oblique case marker for singular personal nouns’ |
||
| *ko | ‘2sg., you’ |
||
| *koba | ‘hermit crab’ |
||
| *kobit | ‘press together, pressed together’ |
||
| *kobit | ‘touch’ |
||
| *kobot | ‘tie by binding’ |
||
| *kobuŋ | ‘swollen’ |
||
| *kodoŋ | ‘straight, straighten’ |
||
| *kodos | ‘go straight, straighten’ |
||
| *koe | ‘2sg., you’ |
||
| *koi | ‘coconut shell’ |
||
| *kojom | ‘sharp pointed stick used in planting crops and in husking coconuts, digging stick, coconut husking stick’ |
||
| *kojom-i | ‘dig with a digging stick, husk coconuts with a husking stick’ |
||
| *koka | ‘tree’; ‘Macaranga spp., Euphorbiaceae’ |
||
| *koki | ‘lame, limp’ |
||
| *koko | ‘kind of house spider’ |
||
| *kokok | ‘animal sound’ |
||
| *kokom | ‘fist, hold in the fist’ |
||
| *kokom-i | ‘clasp firmly’ |
||
| *kokop | ‘enclose, shut in’ |
||
| *kokos | ‘scratch, scrape’ |
||
| *komi | ‘suckerfish, remora, hold on by biting’; ‘Echineis naucrates’ |
||
| *komi | ‘suckerfish, remora’ |
||
| *komos | ‘grip, compress, close in on’ |
||
| *koŋa | ‘kind of marine fish’ |
||
| *koŋe | ‘squeal (as in excitement)’ |
||
| *kop-i | ‘hold close’ |
||
| *kopu | ‘low cloud, mist, fog’ |
||
| *kopuR | ‘agitated, of water’ |
||
| *koRa | ‘wild mango’; ‘Mangifera minor’ |
||
| *koran | ‘ember, glowing coal’ |
||
| *koRaŋ | ‘dried up, scorched, shrivelled’ |
||
| *koraŋa | ‘fish, small emperor’ |
||
| *kori | ‘scrape, shave’ |
||
| *korit | ‘scrape, grate (as coconut preparatory to cooking)’ |
||
| *koRo | ‘pubic hair’ |
||
| *koro | ‘2dl. pronoun’ |
||
| *koro | ‘fortified place, village’ |
||
| *koro | ‘mountain, hilltop’ |
||
| *koron | ‘lie, tell a lie’ |
||
| *kororo | ‘honeybee’ |
||
| *koRot | ‘cut off’ |
||
| *korot | ‘notch, carve’ |
||
| *kosa | ‘kind of parrotfish’ |
||
| *koso | ‘cough’ |
||
| *koti | ‘cut, cut off’ |
||
| *kotik | ‘spotted’ |
||
| *koto | ‘obsidian spear point (?)’ |
||
| *kotos | ‘snap, break off (as a twig)’ |
||
| *kua | ‘how?, How is it?, What is the matter?’ |
||
| *kua kua | ‘kind of bird: pheasant-dove?’ |
||
| *kuak | ‘deep cry, bird with deep cry’ |
||
| *kubuŋ | ‘maimed, amputated (of a limb)’ |
||
| *kubut | ‘maimed, amputated (of a limb)’ |
||
| *kuca | ‘how?’ |
||
| *kude | ‘hourglass drum’ |
||
| *kudem | ‘darkened by clouds, overcast’ |
||
| *kuden | ‘clay cooking pot’ |
||
| *kuk | ‘sound of sob, croak, etc.’ |
||
| *kuka | ‘crab (generic)’ |
||
| *kukuh | ‘claw, talon, fingernail’ |
||
| *kukup | ‘clutch, hold tightly’ |
||
| *kukup-i | ‘cover something’ |
||
| *kukuq | ‘stick to, adhere firmly’ |
||
| *kukur | ‘mussel sp. or spp. used as food grater or scraper’ |
||
| *kukut | ‘hang, suspend’ |
||
| *kulabo | ‘fish’; ‘Lethrinidae spp.’ |
||
| *kuli-kulit | ‘skin disease’ |
||
| *kuliliŋ | ‘round about, around, in one’s surroundings, go around’ |
||
| *kulit | ‘skin, bark, peel, shell’ |
||
| *kulu | ‘coconut growth stage 9: ripe, flesh hardened’ |
||
| *kuluR | ‘breadfruit’ |
||
| *kulut | ‘curly-haired’ |
||
| *kumaŋ | ‘hermit crab’ |
||
| *kumi | ‘moustache’ |
||
| *kumis | ‘moustache, beard’ |
||
| *kumuR | ‘gargle, rinse the mouth’ |
||
| *kumʷi | ‘beard’ |
||
| *kuŋ | ‘sound of cooing or barking’ |
||
| *kuŋkuŋ | ‘shrink’ |
||
| *kunji | ‘rub’ |
||
| *kunkun | ‘shrink’ |
||
| *kunu | ‘it is said, people say.....’ |
||
| *kunu | ‘jealous’ |
||
| *kunut | ‘pinch’ |
||
| *kupuk | ‘emit smoke or steam’ |
||
| *kupuR | ‘pigeon or dove sp.’ |
||
| *kupwena | ‘kind of long rectangular fishing net’ |
||
| *kuRapu | ‘fish, sea perch, giant rock cod, giant grouper’; ‘Epinephelus spp.’ |
||
| *kurat | ‘dye produced from the Morinda citrifolia’ |
||
| *kuriap | ‘dolphin’ |
||
| *kuRita | ‘octopus’ |
||
| *kuRo | ‘marine fish sp.’ |
||
| *kurom | ‘overcast, darkened (as the sun)’ |
||
| *kurukuru | ‘kind of dove or pigeon’ |
||
| *kuRun | ‘sword grass’; ‘Imperata cylindrica’ |
||
| *kuruq | ‘noise, clamor’ |
||
| *kururu | ‘owl sp.’ |
||
| *kururu | ‘thunder’ |
||
| *kurut | ‘curly-haired’ |
||
| *kusu | ‘spit’ |
||
| *kusupe | ‘rat’ |
||
| *kuta | ‘staple food (?)’ |
||
| *kutu | ‘break, cut off, sever’ |
||
| *kutu | ‘head louse, sparks from a fire, water striker (insect that walks on water)’ |
||
| *kwarara | ‘shark sp.’ |
||
| *lababa | ‘flat-topped coral head’ |
||
| *lagas | ‘quick, energetic, strong’ |
||
| *lajam | ‘familiar with, accustomed to’ |
||
| *laje | ‘branching coral, coral limestone’ |
||
| *laji | ‘dolphinfish’ |
||
| *laji | ‘tree with poisonous sap’; ‘probably Antiaris toxicaria’ |
||
| *laka | ‘basket’ |
||
| *laka | ‘up, above’ |
||
| *lakar-lakar | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
||
| *lakas | ‘stride, take a step’ |
||
| *lake | ‘sore, dermal irritation, wound’ |
||
| *lako | ‘go’ |
||
| *lako lako | ‘walking around’ |
||
| *lalak | ‘trochus shell’ |
||
| *la-latoŋ | ‘stinging nettle’; ‘Laportea spp.’ |
||
| *lali | ‘ankle bone (?)’ |
||
| *la-lima | ‘five (in counting people)’ |
||
| *laliŋ | ‘ankle bone (?)’ |
||
| *lama | ‘lie on a surface (of water)’ |
||
| *lama | ‘type of coconut’ |
||
| *laman | ‘deep, of the sea, deep sea beyond the reef’ |
||
| *la(m)bak | ‘slam something down’ |
||
| *lambeg | ‘throw, cast’ |
||
| *lambuk | ‘knock, pound, beat’ |
||
| *lamu | ‘body hair, feather’ |
||
| *lamuk | ‘mosquito’ |
||
| *lamuR | ‘dew’ |
||
| *laŋi | ‘beach’ |
||
| *laŋi | ‘up, above’ |
||
| *laŋit | ‘sky’ |
||
| *laŋkaq | ‘step, stride, omit or skip over’ |
||
| *la(ŋ)kas | ‘spirited, energetic’ |
||
| *la(ŋ)ket | ‘stick, adhere to, sticky, viscous’ |
||
| *laŋo | ‘housefly’ |
||
| *laŋon | ‘rollers for beaching a canoe’ |
||
| *lapa | ‘big, large’ |
||
| *lapa | ‘fish sp.’ |
||
| *lapa | ‘skin disease: ringworm’ |
||
| *LapaR | ‘flash of lightning’ |
||
| *lapar | ‘broad and flat’ |
||
| *lapat | ‘big, great, large’ |
||
| *lapuk | ‘decayed, rotten, moldy, mildewed (of wood)’ |
||
| *laqia | ‘ginger’ |
||
| *lasa | ‘coconut shell drinking cup’ |
||
| *lasa | ‘tame, accustomed, used to’ |
||
| *lasoR | ‘testicles’ |
||
| *lasuq | ‘penis’ |
||
| *latoŋ | ‘stinging nettle’; ‘Laportea spp.’ |
||
| *lau | ‘fish, banded sweetlips’; ‘Plectorhinchus spp.’ |
||
| *laur | ‘downriver, toward the sea’ |
||
| *lawa | ‘wide’ |
||
| *lawan | ‘kind of long fishnet’ |
||
| *lawaq | ‘dip net, scoop net’ |
||
| *lawaq | ‘spider, spiderweb’ |
||
| *lawaq-lawaq | ‘spider, spiderweb’ |
||
| *lawi | ‘long tail feathers of bird or rooster’ |
||
| *layaR | ‘sail’ |
||
| *lecit | ‘squeeze out, squirt out’ |
||
| *leku | ‘bend, fold, folding part of the body, curl up on the ground (of an animal’ |
||
| *le(ŋ)kaq | ‘split open’ |
||
| *lepak | ‘break, crack off’ |
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| *leput | ‘blow out, force out’ |
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| *leqo | ‘voice’ |
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| *lian | ‘change appearance’ |
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| *liaŋ | ‘cave, cavern’ |
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| *lidruR | ‘earthquake’ |
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| *liki | ‘little, small in size or amount’ |
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| *liko | ‘commit suicide by hanging’ |
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| *liko | ‘curve, bend, meander’ |
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| *likos | ‘wrap firmly around, encircle tightly’ |
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| *lilim | ‘run amuck’ |
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| *liliŋ | ‘askew, in a slanting direction’ |
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| *liliŋ | ‘go in a circle’ |
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| *li-liu | ‘turn around, change direction’ |
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| *liliu | ‘turn around, turn over’ |
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| *liloq | ‘whirlpool’ |
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| *lima | ‘five’ |
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| *lima ŋa puluq | ‘fifty’ |
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| *lima-lima | ‘five by five, in groups of five’ |
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| *limas | ‘bail out a canoe’ |
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| *limut | ‘moss, algae’ |
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| *liŋ | ‘word, speech’ |
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| *liŋi | ‘pour’ |
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| *liŋi-liŋi | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
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| *li(n)tik | ‘snap off, snapping or clicking sound’ |
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| *lio-lio | ‘brown triggerfish’; ‘Pseudobalistes fuscus’ |
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| *lipon | ‘tooth’ |
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| *liq(e)pit | ‘press between two flat surfaces’ |
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| *liqo | ‘voice’ |
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| *liqoR | ‘neck’ |
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| *lisa | ‘nit, egg of a louse’ |
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| *liso | ‘shiny, dazzling’ |
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| *liu | ‘circle round, circumvent’ |
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| *liu | ‘surpass, exceed’ |
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| *liuS | ‘circumambulate, circumvent’ |
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| *liut | ‘twist (as a limb)’ |
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| *loan | ‘endure, last a long time’ |
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| *lobi | ‘fold’ |
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| *loguŋ | ‘bend’ |
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| *loki | ‘bend, crooked’ |
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| *lokuq | ‘bending part’ |
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| *lolop | ‘overflow, inundated’ |
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| *lolos | ‘wringing, squeezing’ |
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| *lolos-i | trans. ‘wring, squeeze out’ |
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| *lom | ‘in, on, at’ |
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| *loma | ‘flood, of sea’ |
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| *lomiq | ‘press, knead’ |
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| *lomos | ‘submerge, go under water’ |
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| *lopoŋ | ‘bury’ |
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| *lopu | ‘fish with poisonous dorsal spines’ |
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| *loRo | ‘large red tree ant’ |
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| *loso-loso | ‘bathe, swim’ |
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| *loto | ‘boil, abscess’ |
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| *loto | ‘inner self, feelings, mind’ |
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| *luab | ‘swell up (as boiling rice), boil over’ |
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| *lua-ki | ‘spit something out, vomit something’ |
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| *luaŋ | ‘hole in the ground’ |
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| *luaq | ‘spit out (food, substances alien to the body), spew’ |
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| *lujan | ‘cargo, load a canoe’ |
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| *lukun | ‘bend (as an arm or leg)’ |
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| *luluk | ‘shake something in the water’ |
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| *lulun | ‘roll up (as a mat)’ |
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| *lulus | ‘slip off’ |
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| *luma | ‘forelegs of an animal’ |
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| *lumbar | ‘set free’ |
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| *lumiq | ‘fold, hem’ |
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| *lumu | ‘oil, grease’ |
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| *lumu | ‘soft, tender, gentle’ |
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| *lumuk | ‘oily (as the hair or skin)’ |
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| *lumut | ‘moss, algae, seaweed’ |
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| *lumut-an | ‘covered with moss’ |
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| *lumut-lumut | ‘moss’ |
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| *luŋan | ‘rollers for beaching a canoe’ |
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| *lu(ŋ)kas | ‘remove, loosen, untie’ |
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| *lupas | ‘loosen, untie’ |
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| *lupit | ‘press down, crush’ |
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| *luqaR | ‘outside, wide open spaces, loose’ |
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| *luqemit | ‘fold, press’ |
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| *lusa | ‘shoot at, throw a spear at’ |
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| *lutur | ‘knee’ |
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| *m<in>ate | ‘one who has died, dead person’ |
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| *ma- | ‘stative prefix’ |
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| *ma-buRuk | ‘rotten (as meat), addled (as eggs), bad (of character)’ |
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| *mabusuk | ‘rotten, stinking’ |
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| *ma-dajam | ‘accustomed to, tame’ |
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| *ma-dalit | ‘smooth, slippery’ |
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| *madrali | ‘slippery (as wet rocks by the shore)’ |
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| *madrar | ‘ripe’ |
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| *maga | ‘stone, slingshot’ |
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| *ma-heyaq | ‘shy, embarrassed, ashamed’ |
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| *mai | ‘and’ |
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| *mai | ‘come, toward the speaker’ |
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| *maja | ‘dry up, evaporate’ |
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| *ma-kaen | ‘will eat (?)’ |
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| *makaka | ‘pry open slightly’ |
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| *ma-kiluq | ‘bent, crooked, twisted’ |
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| *malai | ‘withered, faded’ |
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| *malala | ‘village square, dancing ground’ |
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| *malaŋ | ‘misfortune, bad luck’ |
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| *malaqe | ‘public space in village’ |
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| *malaw | 1. ‘paper mulberry tree, used to make bark cloth’ 2. ‘men’s loincloth made from this material’ |
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| *malem | ‘night, darkness’ |
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| *mali-mali | ‘plant’; ‘Leea spp.’ |
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| *mali-malip | ‘laughing, smiling’ |
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| *ma-lino | ‘calm, still (of the surface of water)’ |
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| *malip | ‘laugh, smile’ |
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| *malon | ‘core of a breadfruit’ |
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| *malua | ‘soft, pliable’ |
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| *ma-lumu | ‘soft, tender, gentle’ |
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| *maluRu | ‘shade’ |
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| *maluRu maluRu | ‘shady, shaded, sheltered (?)’ |
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| *mama | ‘young child’s term for father’ |
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| *ma-maja | ‘dry up’ |
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| *mamaq | ‘chew without intending to swallow (as betel nut), premasticate food to give to an infant, premasticated food’ |
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| *mamata | ‘awake, watchful, alert’ |
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| *ma-mate | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
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| *ma-mawap | ‘yawn’ |
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| *ma-mayaq | ‘shy, embarrassed, ashamed’ |
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| *m-ami | ‘1pl. excl. genitive, our’ |
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| *mamin | ‘chew, taste’ |
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| *mamin | ‘fish: wrasse spp.’ |
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| *mamis | ‘sweet, fresh (of water)’ |
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| *mana | ‘conjunction: and’ |
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| *mana | ‘power in natural phenomena, thunder, storm wind’ |
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| *ma-nacam | ‘tame, docile’ |
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| *mana-mana | ‘have spiritual power’ |
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| *mañawa | ‘breathe, rest, take a ‘breather’’ |
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| *maŋa | ‘bifurcation, forking or branching’ |
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| *maŋa | ‘prenominal marker of plurality’ |
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| *maŋan | ‘eat’ |
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| *maŋaq | ‘slit, crevice’ |
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| *maŋa-ua | ‘(gloss uncertain)’ |
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| *maŋiŋi | ‘sour, spoiled (liquid)’ |
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| *maŋsit | ‘sour, rancid’ |
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| *maŋsit | ‘vile smell’ |
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| *manipi-nipis | ‘very thin’ |
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| *ma-nipis | ‘thin (of materals)’ |
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| *manoŋi | ‘fragrant, sweet-smelling’ |
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| *mantalaq | ‘morning (evening) star: Venus’ |
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| *manuk | ‘bird, any flying creature’ |
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| *ma-nuka | ‘wounded’ |
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| *manuka | ‘sea eagle’ |
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| *manu-manuk | ‘insect’ |
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| *mañur mañur | ‘float, adrift’ |
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| *ma-nuRuq | ‘lucky’ |
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| *maosak | ‘cooked, ripe’ |
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| *ma-panas | ‘warm, hot’ |
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| *ma-panas-panas | ‘warm, hot’ |
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| *ma-paqit | ‘bitter’ |
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| *mapat | ‘heavy, weighty, important’ |
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| *mapine | ‘female, woman’ |
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| *mapo | ‘heal (as a wound)’ |
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| *ma-posaq | ‘broken’ |
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| *mapu | ‘taro variety’ |
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| *mapu | ‘unpleasant odor’ |
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| *mapua | ‘tomorrow’ |
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| *maqañur | ‘floating, adrift’ |
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| *maqasin | ‘salty, brackish’ |
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| *ma-qasiq | ‘pity, have mercy on, feel compassion for’ |
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| *maqati | ‘ebb tide, dry reef’ |
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| *ma-qetaq | ‘raw, unripe, green (fruit), uncooked’ |
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| *ma-qeti | ‘low, of the tide’ |
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| *ma-qetom | ‘black’ |