OUTOFPAPUA database: Lexicons of the West Papuan language area

n. ‘thing’

pron (qword). ‘used to substitute thing(s) in questions’

v. ‘beat, hit’

v. ‘do, carry out’

v. ‘make, build’

v. ‘play’

v. ‘use, with’

v. ‘wrap a rope around an opening of a flexible container, so that things inside the container do not fall out’

v. ‘pack’

v. ‘anchor, beach, ashore’

v. ‘erect, plant’

n. ‘younger sibling, little brother, little sister’

n. ‘cliff, stone wall’

v. ‘bring someone into conflict’

v. ‘collide’

v. ‘move burning fire woods deeper into a stove to get a better flame’

n. ‘face’

n. ‘in front of, front’

v. ‘block, prevent’

v. ‘defraud, take everything for one's own possession’

n. ‘geometrid caterpillar’

n. ‘caterpillar’

v. ‘sew roughly’

v. ‘decorate, put on make up, beautify, dress up’

v. ‘close’

n. ‘coral reef’

v. ‘weave bamboo incisions to make a fish trap’

v. ‘bewitch somebody so that he/she follows what one wants him/her to do’

n. ‘celebration of a success’

n. ‘traditional feast’

n. ‘dog’

‘male dog’

‘all domesticated animals’

‘vicious dog’

‘female dog’

v. ‘fetch water’

v. ‘go, leave’

n. ‘beach (one that is usually used as a port where fishermen beach their canoes)’

v. ‘find, see’

v. ‘lie, tell a lie, manipulate, cheat’

adv. ‘no, do not’

pron. ‘what’

v. ‘go by, go along’

n. ‘casting net’

n. ‘house yard, one's original house site’

n. ‘sound’

n. ‘seaweed’

n. ‘owner, people’

n. ‘clothes’

n. ‘stomach’

‘he/she has a stomachace’

‘he/she is full’

‘he/she has the need to defecate’

‘he/she is hungry’

adj. ‘slope’

n. ‘tendon, nerve’

n. ‘rice pestle’

n. ‘father’

n. ‘sir, lord, honorific expression used to address elderly men’

n. ‘man, gentleman’

n. ‘weapon’

v. ‘ask for apology, say hello’

adj. ‘empty’

n. ‘magic power’

adv. ‘entire’

n. ‘root’

v. ‘plait, weave’

n. ‘child’

‘small, little, tiny’

n. ‘bait’

‘bait from a hermit crab’

n. ‘wind’

‘eastward wind’

‘monsoon’

v. ‘close, cover’

n. ‘craw’

v. ‘sing a lullaby’

n. ‘fire’

‘smoke’

‘ember’

v. ‘put a baby to sleep with or without singing a lullaby’

v. ‘embrace, hug’

n. ‘lime’

n. ‘dew’

n. ‘beam (of wood) used for sitting’

n. ‘charcoal’

n. ‘plank’

n. ‘arrack’

n. ‘younger sibling, younger brother, younger sister’

v. ‘sharpen’

n. ‘people’

n. ‘sugar-apple’

n. ‘guard, owner’

‘soursop’

n. ‘human being’

v. ‘liver’

n. ‘stone arranged potruding into the sea water to trap fish, stone fish trap’

n. ‘bamboo’

‘bamboo branch’

‘bamboo knot’

adv. ‘repeatedly, countinuously’

n. ‘ash’

v. ‘grab’

adj. ‘alot of, plenty of, number of, many, much’

adj. ‘lot of, plenty of, number of, many, much’

v. ‘flow’

adj. ‘heavy’

v. ‘swell (be swollen), puff up’

v. ‘bring on one's shoulder’

v. ‘melt’

adj. ‘rotten’

n. ‘Chinese merchant’

v. ‘collide with something, such as a rope, stretching from one side of a path to the other side’

v. ‘move one's body when sleeping, awaken when sleeping’

v. ‘divide, distribute, share’

v. ‘chew’

v. ‘row’

v. ‘wash’

v. ‘vanish, lost, disappear’

v. ‘hear, listen’

v. ‘bite’

v. ‘stab a machete into a tree trunk so that it remains there’

n. ‘mud’

v. ‘compensate (such as in a traditional marriage)’

v. ‘peel’

v. ‘remove peel (of fruit) with hand’

n. ‘wild banana’

v. ‘detach’

v. ‘dig up a stone’

n. ‘ball’

n. ‘ivory, elephant tusk used as a dowry’

v. ‘sleep on something (usually liquid such as urine or faeces)’

adv. ‘again’

v. ‘return’

v. ‘mill’

v. ‘float’

n. ‘father’

‘God, Lord, also father’s elder brothers’

adj. ‘arrogant, show up’

v. ‘hunt’

v. ‘pour’

adv. ‘tomorrow, in the future’

v. ‘bend down’

‘tomorrow morning’

‘tomorrow night’

v. ‘fall down’

v. ‘drag a floating object on the water surface’

n. ‘onion, garlic’

‘garlic’

‘onion’

v. ‘row’

v. ‘pound’

v. ‘stab with something sharp’

n. ‘riffle, gun’

n. ‘eagle’

n. ‘kind of lizard’

v. ‘arrive, come (from a place)’

adv. ‘just, recently’

v. ‘pour’

v. ‘fly’

v. ‘uproot (small plants), pull out’

v. ‘split, crack, cause to crack, break’

n. ‘kind of thin bamboo’

adj. ‘house without wall’

adj. ‘long’

n. ‘man, boy, gentleman’

n. ‘big earthenware pot used as a water storage’

adj. ‘sick, hurt’

adj. ‘seriously ill, badly sick’

v. ‘smoke an object’

adj. ‘big, large’

v. ‘grow’

n. ‘lazy people, unemployed people’

n. ‘back support (usually a pole or the like that supports one's back when sitting)’

n. ‘dyke or embankment made of stones (usually made in the farm) to protect soil from erosion’

n. ‘controller, captain’

adj. ‘hard (work)’

n. ‘star’

adj. ‘stupid, fool, dumb’

n. ‘war’

v. ‘cut (down)’

v. ‘kill, slaughter’

adj. ‘tall, high’

n. ‘fish trap made of bambo incisions. It is usually put at the end of 'atu'’

v. ‘strike, hit’

v. ‘smoke’

adj. ‘hurry, quick’

adj. ‘hairy’

n. ‘barbed arrow head’

n. ‘woman, girl’

v. ‘cook, prepare meal’

n. ‘canoe’

‘outriggers’

‘stern’

‘bow’

v. ‘hit an object with something either held by the hand or let go forcefully by hand’

n. ‘indication telling that a fruit such as sugar-apple, or cassava yam is ready to harvest. For a sugar-apple, the fruit surface is no longer rough, and for cassava, the soil around the stem has some cracks’

v. ‘whip, beat’

v. ‘come (from), arrive’

v. ‘cook’

v. ‘make an opening in awall for peeping’

n. ‘sister, woman’

adv. ‘mere’

n. ‘basket plaited from lontar leaves used to keep corn seeds’

v. ‘squat, turn one's buttock’

n. ‘cake’

v. ‘carry something or someone like a baby’

n. ‘bottle’

v. ‘pile up, heap up, accumulate’

v. ‘bark’

n. ‘friend’

v. ‘throw down forcefully’

v. ‘eat, have a meal’

‘serve the government officials or land lords’

‘serve quests’

v. ‘sail’

v. ‘boil’

adj. ‘white’

adj. ‘white’

‘icy white’

v. ‘break (of grass)’

n. ‘mud’

n. ‘button’

‘early days during the creation of the earth, when lands separated from water’

num. ‘eight’

v. ‘ask, inquire’

adj. ‘near’

v. ‘come from a seaward direction’

v. ‘do something without eyes open or without seeing’

v. ‘play, strike’

adj. ‘sunny’

v. ‘warm oneself by sitting or standang near a fire’

v. ‘stretch a rope’

v. ‘stand up’

v. ‘fall down, drop’

v. ‘pelt’

v. ‘swing a machete to cut something’

adj. ‘sharp’

v. ‘sharpen’

v. ‘insert’

v. ‘insert something under something or into a hollow to hide it’

n. ‘pants, trousers’

‘underpants’

‘trousers’

‘short’

v. ‘collide’

adj. ‘wet’

v. ‘eat newly harvested crop for the first time’

v. ‘lick’

v. ‘cook, boil’

v. ‘hear, listen’

adv. ‘still, on progress’

v. ‘boil eggs’

v. ‘pull out’

v. ‘finish something up’

v. ‘knock, smash lightly, pat’

v. ‘knock an object with another object or hand to make a sound’

v. ‘divide, share’

adv. ‘also’

PRT. ‘indicate actuality’

adv. ‘more’

adv (qword). ‘where’

n. ‘water melon’

v. ‘fan’

v. ‘eat with’

v. ‘pry up, gouge out’

v. ‘clean’

adj. ‘far’

n. ‘money’

v. ‘store, bring into the storehouse’

n. ‘type of traditional umbrella made of pandan leaves’

v. ‘spin, twine (a flexible object)’

v. ‘spin, twine (a long solid object, such as a stick)’

n. ‘kind of Lamaholot traditional song and dance. It is a round dance, performed by a group of people (both male and female), holding hands and forming a circle, while singing a ‘dolo’ song and walking anticlockwise in a rhythmic way following the song’

v. ‘ascend, climb up’

adv. ‘always’

v. ‘swallow’

v. ‘follow’

v. ‘pull up’

‘pulling up water from a well with a basket’

n. ‘bang, slam, punch’

v. ‘leak’

v. ‘sell’

n. ‘jungle, forest’

n. ‘valley’

adj. ‘flat, plain’

v. ‘touch accidently’

n. ‘kind of snail’

‘modal verb’

n. ‘clump, cluster (especially plants like banana, bamboo, etc.)’

n. ‘blade or block obtained from a lontar tree’

n. ‘ambarella’; ‘Spondias dulcis’

‘ambarella fruit’

n. ‘yield, crops’

n. ‘environment, situation’

‘quiet situation’

‘muddy environment’

v. ‘touch physically’

n. ‘one leg bamboo ladder’

n. ‘rock, stone, stone wall’

v. ‘borrow’

v. ‘wear’

n. ‘debt, owe’

adj. ‘false, wrong, miss’

v. ‘schedule’

n. ‘grindstone’

n. ‘mother’

‘mother of the sun and the moon, father of the earth and universe’

v. ‘drink’

v. ‘smoke’

v. ‘catch’

n. ‘trunk’

n. ‘kind of container made of lontar leaves and used to store rice, corn, etc’

n. ‘package of one's own belongings’

v. ‘gather, unify, mix’

v. ‘gather and make an agreement or give approval’

n. ‘seed, seedling’

v. ‘perch, alight, land’

v. ‘heat, burn unpurposely’

n. ‘face’

v. ‘bring, carry’

adv. ‘in fact’

v. ‘tighten’

v. ‘cut off (rope)’

v. ‘can, able to’

v. ‘catch’

v. ‘harvest’

v. ‘accuse’

n. ‘cattle’

n. ‘path of wild animal (usually found in the bush, wood or jungle)’

v. ‘trap animal using a rope’

v. ‘arrive’

v. ‘perspire’

n. ‘sweat, perspiration’

‘he/she/it eats’

v. ‘he/she/it eats’

v. ‘wrap’

.v. ‘cry for a dead person while saying something about his/her good deeds’

v. ‘stone’

v. ‘build house with concrete (cement)’

n. ‘spear’

v. ‘roll’

v. ‘count, calculate’

.v. ‘spread, expose’

v. ‘hug, embrace’

v. ‘jump, pass by, go through’

conj. ‘then’

‘you (pl)eat’

v. ‘you (plural) eat’

v. ‘pelt’

v. ‘catch something, usually animal, such as a chicken by using a container such as a bucket, to immediatelly cover the object being caught’

v. ‘construct a wall’

n. ‘drum’

v. ‘pull, drag’

v. ‘disagree, disallow, refuse’

v. ‘put in row, queue’

adj. ‘shocked, surprised’

v. ‘mix, combine, intercede’

v. ‘show things by spreading them everywhere, display’

adj. ‘angry, tangled’

v. ‘examine something to choose or select’

adj. ‘tired, exhausted’

v. ‘serve, dedicate’

v. ‘fold one's hands or legs when sitting or sleeping’

v. ‘show off’

n. ‘kind of container made of clay used to store water’

v. ‘gliding down, roll down’

v. ‘exchange, substitute’

v. ‘forget’

v. ‘put a log across a gutter or ditch’

v. ‘rinse one's mouth, gargle’

v. ‘make a sound like the sound of house lizard (gecko) to express refusal or disagreement’

v. ‘pinch, take a piece out of something with fingers’

v. ‘working bee, work together in a group for one member and then take turns to work for other members until every member gets his/her turn’

v. ‘find out’

v. ‘inherit, pass down, legacy’

v. ‘leave out, give something as a reminder’

v. ‘send’

v. ‘play with something’

v. ‘shout’

v. ‘call chickens’

adv. ‘indeed’

v. ‘enter, climb up’

prep. ‘upward, up’

v. ‘hang an object such as a curtain as a screen’

v. ‘starve’

v. ‘do something in a hurry’

adj. ‘even, complete’

v. ‘ask, enquire’

v. ‘break, disjoin’

v. ‘cut off, fell’

v. ‘move one's hip back and forth’

v. ‘accompany, serve’

v. ‘lid, close’

v. ‘lost, vanish, disappear’

v. ‘pinch a bit of (cake)’

adj. ‘worn’

adj. ‘sour’

v. ‘chirp, sound of baby chick’

v. ‘clip’

v. ‘comb’

v. ‘play’

n. ‘gong’

v. ‘you (sg) eat’

‘you (sg) eat’

pron. ‘I, me’

pron. ‘my, mine’

v. ‘rub’

v. ‘fall down, slip’

v. ‘roll’

v. ‘draw a circle’

v. ‘roll’

v. ‘take, pick up’

v. ‘turn inside out’

v. ‘stay with someone’

v. ‘put a log across two sides’

v. ‘mark a plant to indicate one's possession’

v. ‘grab, collect’

v. ‘move from a lower place to a higher place’

v. ‘mix’

adv. ‘not, no’

adj. ‘same as, similar’

adv. ‘together’

v. ‘perform hamã’

v. ‘stamp on the ground repeatedly’

n. ‘traditional dance in which a group of men hold hand together, form a circle and walk in a rhythmic way around the circle anticlockwise while singing’

v. ‘sweep’

v. ‘clean, sweep’

v. ‘memorize’

v. ‘peel something such as fruit with a knife’

v. ‘prune, cut small twigs of a tree’

v. ‘bathe, shower’

v. ‘kick away’

pron (word). ‘who’

n. ‘morning’

v. ‘promise’

v. ‘change, substitute’

v. ‘accidentaly bump’

v. ‘insert between two or more things’

n. ‘oil’

v. ‘stack, pile, put thing one above the other’

‘cooking oil’

‘kerosene’

‘coconut oil’

conj. ‘because’

v. ‘insert’

v. ‘repair a roof’

adv. ‘like’

v. ‘disappear’

v. ‘set (sun)’

v. ‘make, construct, build’

adv. ‘all, entire’

adv. ‘only, always’

v. ‘hit, beat’

n. ‘knife’

v. ‘lay down, place’

v. ‘jump’

v. ‘dig with snout like a pig’

v. ‘push something aside with one's body’

v. ‘remove something by using one's body’

v. ‘illuminate’

v. ‘technique of fishing using torch or Petromax lamp (pressurised paraffin lamp) by walking along the seashore searching for sleeping fish’

adv. ‘about to’

v. ‘get angry with, reprimand’

n. ‘corner’

n. ‘elbow’

v. ‘block someone’s sight’

v. ‘throw’

num. ‘nine’

v. ‘lay down’

v. ‘turn up side down’

adj. ‘upside down’

v. ‘collect lontar juice’

v. ‘accept, receive’

v. ‘lost, vanish, disappear’

v. ‘wake up’

v. ‘pry up’

v. ‘tease’

v. ‘connect’

v. ‘steam’

v. ‘answer one's call or shout’

v. ‘buy’

n. ‘container plaited from lontar tree leaves’

v. ‘pour down’

v. ‘transport, load’

v. ‘ask, order, invite, urge, suggest’

v. ‘oder, instruct, ask for’

v. ‘see, watch’

v. ‘plagiarize, cheat, copy’

v. ‘bring on head’

n. ‘kind of potato’

v. ‘turn into’

v. ‘expect, wait for’

prep. ‘at, in’

v. ‘stay, live in’

v. ‘scoop water with a water scoop’

v. ‘make bigger, enlarge (for elastic things)’

v. ‘prise with a lever’