OUTOFPAPUA database: Lexicons of the West Papuan language area

Grammatical marker. ‘[focus]’ (eng); ‘[fokus]’ (ind)

Interjection. ‘[filler]’ (eng); ‘[kata pengisi]’ (ind)

Interjection. ‘[interjection]’ (eng); ‘[kata seru]’ (ind)

Interjection. ‘[agreement interjection], yes’ (eng); ‘[kata seru persetujuan], iya’ (ind)

Noun. ‘tradition’ (eng); ‘adat’ (ind)

Interjection. ‘[interjection expressing contempt or dissatisfaction]’ (eng); ‘[aduh, adeh]’ (ind)

Interjection. ‘[interjection expressing pain or discomfort]’ (eng); ‘adih’ (ind)

Interjection. ‘[interjection for sudden pain or surprise]’ (eng); ‘[kata seru], aduh’ (ind)

Noun. ‘avocado’ (eng); ‘alpukat’ (ind)

Noun. ‘Sunday’ (eng); ‘hari minggu’ (ind)

Grammatical marker. ‘[quantifying pronoun suffix], alone’ (eng); ‘sendiri’ (ind)

1. Verb. ‘teach’ (eng); ‘ajar’ (ind)

2. Verb. ‘continue’ (eng); ‘ajar’ (ind)

Noun. ‘sea-side (when at sea, when the vessel follows the coastline)’ (eng); ‘sebelah laut’ (ind)

Noun. ‘sense’ (eng); ‘akal’ (ind)

Noun. ‘chest’ (eng); ‘dada’ (ind)

Noun. ‘collarbone, breastbone’ (eng); ‘tulang selangka, tulang dada’ (ind)

Noun. ‘convex side’ (eng); ‘bagian keluar’ (ind)

Classifier. ‘[classifier for strings or strips]’ (eng); ‘[penggolong untuk tali], tali (pakai dengan nomor)’ (ind)

Noun. ‘string, vine, grass’ (eng); ‘tali, tumbuhan merambat, padi-padian’ (ind)

Verb. ‘unable to do’ (eng); ‘berhalangan’ (ind)

Verb. ‘look for trouble’ (eng); ‘bikin halangan’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of small fish’ (eng); ‘ikan kepala batu’ (ind)

Quantifier. ‘one string’ (eng); ‘satu tali’ (ind)

Noun. ‘Halmahera’ (eng); ‘Halmahera’ (ind)

Noun. ‘breast, breast milk’ (eng); ‘susu’ (ind)

Noun. ‘nipple, teat’ (eng); ‘puting susu, ujung susu’ (ind)

Noun. ‘breast milk’ (eng); ‘air susu’ (ind)

Noun. ‘garden’ (eng); ‘kebun’ (ind)

Verb. ‘clear land’ (eng); ‘bakar kebun’ (ind)

Verb. ‘give birth’ (eng); ‘melahirkan’ (ind)

Grammatical marker. ‘[first person singular possessive pronoun], my’ (eng); ‘saya punya’ (ind)

Pronoun. ‘[first person singular pronoun], I’ (eng); ‘saya’ (ind)

Pronoun. ‘[first person quantified pronoun], I alone’ (eng); ‘saya sendiri’ (ind)

Pronoun. ‘[first person restrictive focus pronoun], I alone’ (eng); ‘saya sendiri’ (ind)

Noun. ‘Banda Islands’ (eng); ‘Kepulauan Banda’ (ind)

Noun. ‘turban shell’ (eng); ‘keong, ciput laga kecil.’ (ind)

Noun. ‘door’ (eng); ‘pintu’ (ind)

Noun. ‘doorpost’ (eng); ‘tiang pintu’ (ind)

Pronoun. ‘[first person singular possessive], my’ (eng); ‘saya punya’ (ind)

Noun. ‘number’ (eng); ‘anka’ (ind)

Noun. ‘antidote, resistant’ (eng); ‘anti’ (ind)

Noun. ‘earrings’ (eng); ‘anting’ (ind)

Interjection. ‘[interjection]’ (eng); ‘[kata seru]’ (ind)

Quantifier. ‘five’ (eng); ‘lima’ (ind)

Classifier. ‘[classifier for plants, trees, string, rope, houses and poles]’ (eng); ‘[penggolung untuk batang, pohon, rumah dan tiang], batang, pohon (pakai sama nomor)’ (ind)

Noun. ‘stem (of a tree or plant), tree’ (eng); ‘batang, pohon’ (ind)

Verb. ‘dive’ (eng); ‘menyelam’ (ind)

Verb. ‘expel an animal’ (eng); ‘usir hewan’ (ind)

Verb. ‘make a sound (inanimate)’ (eng); ‘bunyi’ (ind)

Noun. ‘sound’ (eng); ‘bunyi’ (ind)

Noun. ‘Arabir, place on Karas, also known as Baki Tanggiun’ (eng); ‘Arabir, tempat di Karas, same dengan Baki Tanggiun’ (ind)

Noun. ‘saw’ (eng); ‘gergaji’ (ind)

Noun. ‘seam of a boat’ (eng); ‘nat perahu’ (ind)

Intransitive verb. ‘startled by pain and utter a sound, mad or show utter contempt or dissatisfaction’ (eng); ‘kaget (kenal barang tajam), bicara marah’ (ind)

Intransitive verb. ‘big (of a tree or house)’ (eng); ‘besar (kayu atau rumah)’ (ind)

Noun. ‘pond, enclosed bay, sometimes used to refer to Arepner, the bay in Mas’ (eng); ‘kolam, teluk’ (ind)

Noun. ‘name of the basin in Mas, lit. "in the pond"’ (eng); ‘kolam di kampung Mas’ (ind)

Interjection. ‘[interjection expressing anger]’ (eng); ‘[kata seru kalo marah]’ (ind)

Noun. ‘Friday’ (eng); ‘jumat’ (ind)

Noun. ‘stem’ (eng); ‘batang, pohon’ (ind)

Noun. ‘spirit’ (eng); ‘arwah’ (ind)

Noun. ‘edge’ (eng); ‘cela’ (ind)

Conjunction. ‘as long as’ (eng); ‘asal’ (ind)

Noun. ‘time of the Asr prayer, the Islamic afternoon daily prayer, around 15:30’ (eng); ‘ashar’ (ind)

Intransitive verb. ‘loose, not dense, with holes’ (eng); ‘jarang-jarang, longgar-longgar, tidak padat’ (ind)

Verb. ‘short of breath’ (eng); ‘napas pendek, hosa, sesak napas’ (ind)

Noun. ‘edge’ (eng); ‘cela’ (ind)

Grammatical marker. ‘[object case marker]’ (eng); ‘[infleksi untuk objek dalam kalimat transitif]’ (ind)

Conjunction. ‘or’ (eng); ‘atau’ (ind)

Verb. ‘arrange’ (eng); ‘ator, atur’ (ind)

Noun. ‘infant’ (eng); ‘anak kecil’ (ind)

Grammatical marker. ‘[focus marker on question words, proper names and pronouns]’ (eng); ‘[fokus]’ (ind)

Noun. ‘container (typically for bathing water)’ (eng); ‘bak’ (ind)

Noun. ‘Baki Tanggiun, place on biggest Karas island’ (eng); ‘Baki Tanggiun, nama tempat di Karas’ (ind)

Noun. ‘dog’ (eng); ‘anjing’ (ind)

Noun. ‘ceiling joists and other beams in a roof construction’ (eng); ‘ring balok’ (ind)

Verb. ‘heat leaves in the fire (to put them on a sore spot later)’ (eng); ‘rau’ (ind)

Verb. ‘show’ (eng); ‘tunjuk’ (ind)

Noun. ‘green bean’ (eng); ‘kacang hijau’ (ind)

Noun. ‘Baliwawa Anggasun, place on biggest Karas island’ (eng); ‘Baliwawa Anggasun, nama tempat di Karas’ (ind)

Noun. ‘plant with bean-like seeds’ (eng); ‘kacang anjing’ (ind)

Noun. ‘freshwater eel’ (eng); ‘ikan belut tawar’ (ind)

Noun. ‘bench’ (eng); ‘bangku’ (ind)

Verb. ‘descend, move down’ (eng); ‘turun’ (ind)

Verb. ‘lazy’ (eng); ‘pamalas, pu malas, ganggur’ (ind)

Adverbial modifier. ‘too, any, event’ (eng); ‘juga, lagi, pun’ (ind)

Noun. ‘certain group of illnesses, possibly those that disappear by themselves, such as food poisoning. Excluded are illnesses inflicted upon us by others by means of a spell, as well as malaria.’ (eng); ‘penyakit badan’ (ind)

Noun. ‘turmeric’ (eng); ‘kunyit, kuning’ (ind)

Intransitive verb. ‘yellow’ (eng); ‘kuning’ (ind)

Transitive verb. ‘turn over, to turn around’ (eng); ‘putar, peru’ (ind)

Conjunction. ‘then, so, only then, new’ (eng); ‘baru’ (ind)

Noun. ‘brick’ (eng); ‘batako’ (ind)

Noun. ‘garlic’ (eng); ‘bawang putih’ (ind)

Noun. ‘red onion’ (eng); ‘bawang merah’ (ind)

Noun. ‘spinach’ (eng); ‘sayur bayam’ (ind)

Noun. ‘sand that is uncovered by low tide’ (eng); ‘pasir laut’ (ind)

Noun. ‘duck’ (eng); ‘bebek’ (ind)

Noun. ‘shoulder’ (eng); ‘bahu’ (ind)

Noun. ‘shoulderblade’ (eng); ‘tulang belikat’ (ind)

Noun. ‘The Netherlands’ (eng); ‘Belanda’ (ind)

Verb. ‘learn, study’ (eng); ‘belajar’ (ind)

Intransitive verb. ‘(of a tip) to be sharp’ (eng); ‘tajam’ (ind)

Noun. ‘can (food container)’ (eng); ‘kaleng’ (ind)

Noun. ‘tongue’ (eng); ‘lidah’ (ind)

Grammatical marker. ‘[quantity inflection on demonstratives], this/that much/many’ (eng); ‘[infleksi quantitatif di demonstrative], banyak begini/begitu’ (ind)

Intransitive verb. ‘good’ (eng); ‘baik, bagus’ (ind)

Noun. ‘goal (football)’ (eng); ‘gawang’ (ind)

Conjunction. ‘even if’ (eng); ‘biar’ (ind)

Verb. ‘normal, used to’ (eng); ‘biasa’ (ind)

Noun. ‘medicinal plant whose leaf is used to treat stomach ache’ (eng); ‘pohon biawas’ (ind)

Noun. ‘washtub’ (eng); ‘parteng’ (ind)

Noun. ‘tilefish’ (eng); ‘sejenis ikan kecil’ (ind); ‘Malacanthus?’ (lat)

Noun. ‘beer’ (eng); ‘bir’ (ind)

Noun. ‘small black-and-white striped or clear blue fish living in hard coral close to the shore, possibly including ring-tailed cardinalfish’ (eng); ‘ikan kawan’ (ind); ‘maybe Apogon aureus’ (lat)

Verb. ‘can, possible’ (eng); ‘bisa’ (ind)

Verb. ‘carry on the back or shoulder(s) (inanimate things)’ (eng); ‘pikul’ (ind)

1. Verb. ‘go’ (eng); ‘pergi’ (ind)

2. Verb. ‘until’ (eng); ‘sampai’ (ind)

Intransitive verb. ‘stupid’ (eng); ‘bodoh’ (ind)

Noun. ‘mouth, rim’ (eng); ‘mulut, pinggir (perahu, ember)’ (ind)

Noun. ‘ball’ (eng); ‘bola’ (ind)

Verb. ‘eat’ (eng); ‘makan’ (ind)

Noun. ‘lip’ (eng); ‘bibir’ (ind)

Adverbial modifier. ‘just a little’ (eng); ‘sedikit saja’ (ind)

Quantifier. ‘little’ (eng); ‘sedikit’ (ind)

Grammatical marker. ‘[comitative case marker], with, and’ (eng); ‘[kasus komitatif], sama, dengan’ (ind)

Verb. ‘bring’ (eng); ‘bawa’ (ind)

Verb. ‘angry (with child)’ (eng); ‘marah sama anak’ (ind)

Verb. ‘do a (repetitive, difficult, annoying) task, try’ (eng); ‘bikinbikin kerja, berusaha’ (ind)

Noun. ‘green beans’ (eng); ‘boncis’ (ind)

Noun. ‘drill’ (eng); ‘bor’ (ind)

Verb. ‘drill’ (eng); ‘bor’ (ind)

Verb. ‘go first, in the front’ (eng); ‘kamuka, di depan’ (ind)

Transitive verb. ‘open (of one's limbs)’ (eng); ‘buka tangan atau kaki’ (ind)

Noun. ‘road, way, route’ (eng); ‘(per)jalanan’ (ind)

Noun. ‘journey’ (eng); ‘perjalanan’ (ind)

Noun. ‘bottle’ (eng); ‘botol’ (ind)

Verb. ‘bathe a small child’ (eng); ‘mandi anak kecil’ (ind)

Verb. ‘bark’ (eng); ‘gonggong’ (ind)

Noun. ‘porridge’ (eng); ‘bubur’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of fish’ (eng); ‘sejenis bubara’ (ind)

Noun. ‘book’ (eng); ‘buku’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of fish’ (eng); ‘ikan nabula’ (ind)

Noun. ‘flower’ (eng); ‘bunga’ (ind)

Noun. ‘blossom’ (eng); ‘bunga pohon’ (ind)

Noun. ‘bastard valerian’ (eng); ‘bunga kupukupu’ (ind)

Noun. ‘pandanus leaf’ (eng); ‘daun pandan’ (ind)

Intransitive verb. ‘in a big heap’ (eng); ‘tumpuk tinggi’ (ind)

Noun. ‘betel palm, areca palm, betel nut, areca nut’ (eng); ‘pohon pinang, pinang’ (ind)

Noun. ‘betel nut, areca nut’ (eng); ‘buah pinang’ (ind)

Verb. ‘chew betel’ (eng); ‘makan pinang’ (ind)

Noun. ‘your (PL) betel’ (eng); ‘kamong pu pinang’ (ind)

Noun. ‘our betel’ (eng); ‘kitong pu pinang’ (ind)

Noun. ‘offering with betel’ (eng); ‘pamali pinang’ (ind)

Verb. ‘hit, e.g. fish with a stick to get them into a net, or a bird that shakes fruit out of a tree by moving around’ (eng); ‘pukul-pukul’ (ind)

Noun. ‘Burewun, shoal in narr20’ (eng); ‘Burewun, nama sikaru di cerita Pulau Kasuari & Pulau Anjing’ (ind)

Noun. ‘small parrots (e.g. fig parrot)’ (eng); ‘sejenis burung hijau kecil, bentuknya seperti burung nuri’ (ind)

Noun. ‘nose’ (eng); ‘hidung’ (ind)

Noun. ‘nostril’ (eng); ‘lubang hidung’ (ind)

Noun. ‘stairs’ (eng); ‘tanggatangga’ (ind)

Grammatical marker. ‘[second person possessive], your’ (eng); ‘kamu punya’ (ind)

Grammatical marker. ‘man, suffixed to geographical names’ (eng); ‘lakilaki dari...’ (ind)

Grammatical marker. ‘man’ (eng); ‘laki-laki’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of tree’ (eng); ‘kayu kema’ (ind)

Verb. ‘take care of in a traditional medical way’ (eng); ‘dukun, bikin obat’ (ind)

Verb. ‘mix’ (eng); ‘campur’ (ind)

Noun. ‘man, male’ (eng); ‘seorang lakilaki, lakilaki’ (ind)

Noun. ‘cup’ (eng); ‘cangkir’ (ind)

Verb. ‘paint’ (eng); ‘cat’ (ind)

Noun. ‘small’ (eng); ‘kecil’ (ind)

Grammatical marker. ‘[second person plural possessive], your’ (eng); ‘kamorang punya’ (ind)

Verb. ‘check’ (eng); ‘cek’ (ind)

Noun. ‘clove tree’ (eng); ‘pohon cengkeh’ (ind)

Noun. ‘story’ (eng); ‘cerita’ (ind)

Verb. ‘tell, tell a story’ (eng); ‘cerita’ (ind)

Noun. ‘small one’ (eng); ‘kecil’ (ind)

Intransitive verb. ‘small’ (eng); ‘kecil’ (ind)

Noun. ‘drop’ (eng); ‘titik’ (ind)

Noun. ‘double or treble fish hook’ (eng); ‘mata kail cigi’ (ind)

Verb. ‘try’ (eng); ‘coba’ (ind)

Noun. ‘sugar palm, palm wine’ (eng); ‘pohon enau, tuak’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of striped fish, possibly bluestripe snapper (Lutjanus kasmira) or oriental sweetlips (Plectorhinchus vittatus)’ (eng); ‘sejenis ikan mulut kuning, istrep hitam-putih, besar (50cm)’ (ind); ‘Lutjanus kasmira? Plectorhinchus vittatus?’ (lat)

Noun. ‘meat, animal’ (eng); ‘daging, binatang’ (ind)

Verb. ‘do a repetitive kind of cutting or chopping’ (eng); ‘cincang-cincang, potong-potong’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of shell’ (eng); ‘japing-japing’ (ind)

Verb. ‘jump’ (eng); ‘lompat’ (ind)

Verb. ‘bounce’ (eng); ‘lompat-lompat’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of bamboo’ (eng); ‘sejenis bambu’ (ind)

Noun. ‘Callophyllum, tree used as eye medicine and to make oil for lamps’ (eng); ‘pohon bintangur’ (ind); ‘Calophyllum inophyllum?’ (lat)

Noun. ‘Damartimtim, place in Karas district’ (eng); ‘Damartimtim, nama tempat di Karas’ (ind)

Verb. ‘bury’ (eng); ‘kubur’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of pan (boiler)’ (eng); ‘dandang’ (ind)

Verb. ‘sink’ (eng); ‘tenggelam’ (ind)

Verb. ‘swallow’ (eng); ‘menelan’ (ind)

Noun. ‘net, usually for fishing’ (eng); ‘jala’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of shell’ (eng); ‘sejenis ciput kecil’ (ind)

Noun. ‘west’ (eng); ‘barat’ (ind)

Verb. ‘pull out, to unplug’ (eng); ‘cabut’ (ind)

Adverbial modifier. ‘around midday’ (eng); ‘siang’ (ind)

Noun. ‘brother/sister-in-law’ (eng); ‘ipar’ (ind)

Noun. ‘Indonesian bay-leaf’ (eng); ‘daun salam’ (ind); ‘Eugenia polyantha Wight.’ (lat)

Noun. ‘noose’ (eng); ‘jerat’ (ind)

Verb. ‘push, bring’ (eng); ‘dorong, antar’ (ind)

Verb. ‘move (involuntarily), to dangle’ (eng); ‘bergerak, goyang’ (ind)

Verb. ‘blink, shimmer, shine’ (eng); ‘kilau-kilau, silau’ (ind)

Verb. ‘plane wood (with a handheld hammer-like device)’ (eng); ‘desil’ (ind)

Noun. ‘planing tool’ (eng); ‘alat desil’ (ind)

Grammatical marker. ‘[causative]’ (eng); ‘[causatif]’ (ind)

Noun. ‘fireplace’ (eng); ‘tungku, tempat api’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kitchen’ (eng); ‘dapur’ (ind)

Noun. ‘smoke’ (eng); ‘asap’ (ind)

Verb. ‘move out, move to the side’ (eng); ‘pisa, kasih keluar, kasih pindah’ (ind)

Noun. ‘month corresponding to the fourth Islamic month, Rabi al-Akhir’ (eng); ‘bulan maulud/maulid, bulan rabul akhir’ (ind)

Noun. ‘fire’ (eng); ‘api’ (ind)

Noun. ‘flames’ (eng); ‘kobaran api’ (ind)

Noun. ‘embers’ (eng); ‘bara’ (ind)

Verb. ‘burn’ (eng); ‘terbakar’ (ind)

Noun. ‘district, a common name for the village Malakuli, the capital of Karas district, on the mainland opposite of Mas village’ (eng); ‘distrik, perusahan, Malakuli’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of pandanus with short leaves’ (eng); ‘sejenis daun tikar’ (ind)

Noun. ‘prayer’ (eng); ‘do'a’ (ind)

Noun. ‘Aru islands’ (eng); ‘Kepulauan Aru’ (ind)

Noun. ‘things, clothes’ (eng); ‘barang, pakaian’ (ind)

Grammatical marker. ‘side’ (eng); ‘bagian’ (ind)

Noun. ‘big herons, egrets’ (eng); ‘burung bangau’ (ind)

Verb. ‘sit and do nothing’ (eng); ‘duduk saja’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of shell’ (eng); ‘siput bangau’ (ind)

Noun. ‘Dolok, name of the dog in the narrative Cassowary and Dog (narr20)’ (eng); ‘Dolok, nama anjing di cerita pulau Kasuari dan pulau Anjing’ (ind)

Noun. ‘thing’ (eng); ‘barang’ (ind)

Noun. ‘sugar (used when speakers want to conceal that there is no sugar when there are guests in the house), lit. white cloth or white stuff, also used as such’ (eng); ‘gula (bahasa halus), kain putih, barang putih’ (ind)

Noun. ‘anything’ (eng); ‘apa-apa’ (ind)

Phrase. ‘it doesn't matter, it's okay’ (eng); ‘tidak apa-apa’ (ind)

Noun. ‘sugar (polite form)’ (eng); ‘gula (bahasa halus)’ (ind)

Noun. ‘glass, mug (polite)’ (eng); ‘gelas, mok (bahasa halus)’ (ind)

Noun. ‘lamp (polite)’ (eng); ‘lampu (bahasa halus)’ (ind)

Noun. ‘black ant’ (eng); ‘semut hitam’ (ind)

Intransitive verb. ‘chewy, tense, stretched (of a rope or elastic band)’ (eng); ‘tarei (makanan), tarei (tali atau karet)’ (ind)

Intransitive verb. ‘in a group (of living beings following each other, e.g. a flock of birds)’ (eng); ‘kawan’ (ind)

Noun. ‘cloth, rag’ (eng); ‘barang sepanggal, baju sobek’ (ind)

Intransitive verb. ‘pulled out’ (eng); ‘tercabut’ (ind)

Transitive verb. ‘pull out’ (eng); ‘cabut’ (ind)

Noun. ‘barrel’ (eng); ‘drem’ (ind)

Noun. ‘seed’ (eng); ‘bibit’ (ind)

Noun. ‘Duan, name of a parrotfish in a story (narr21)’ (eng); ‘Duan, namanya ikan kakatua di satu cerita (narr21)’ (ind)

Noun. ‘parallel cousin of the opposite sex’ (eng); ‘saudara kandung’ (ind)

Noun. ‘cockroach’ (eng); ‘kecoak’ (ind)

Noun. ‘edge’ (eng); ‘ujung’ (ind)

Verb. ‘hit something (by accident)’ (eng); ‘tatoki’ (ind)

Verb. ‘explode, make an explosive sound, e.g. a clap of hands, a balloon that explodes, or a pistolshot’ (eng); ‘bunyi, meledak’ (ind)

Noun. ‘opposite-sex sibling’ (eng); ‘adik atau kakak’ (ind)

Noun. ‘durian’ (eng); ‘durian’ (ind)

Noun. ‘soursop’ (eng); ‘sirsak’ (ind)

Intransitive verb. ‘perforated, pierced, with a hole in it’ (eng); ‘berlubang’ (ind)

Transitive verb. ‘perforate, pierce, make a hole’ (eng); ‘bikin lubang’ (ind)

Interjection. ‘[interjection used as a filler]’ (eng); ‘[kata pengisi]’ (ind)

1. Conjunction. ‘so that’ (eng); ‘supaya’ (ind)

2. Conjunction. ‘then’ (eng); ‘kemudian, terus, baru’ (ind)

Conjunction. ‘and then’ (eng); ‘baru’ (ind)

Verb. ‘cry’ (eng); ‘menangis’ (ind)

Interjection. ‘[interjection that introduces a quote]’ (eng); ‘[kata seru di awal kutipan]’ (ind)

Grammatical marker. ‘[imperative suffix for movement verbs in -a]’ (eng); ‘[sufiks imperatif untuk verba dengan -a]’ (ind)

Quantifier. ‘two’ (eng); ‘dua’ (ind)

Verb. ‘bend down, kneel’ (eng); ‘tunduk, berlutut’ (ind)

Verb. ‘expel an animal’ (eng); ‘usir hewan’ (ind)

Verb. ‘steal’ (eng); ‘curi’ (ind)

Noun. ‘thief’ (eng); ‘tukang pencuri’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of coarse woven mat’ (eng); ‘kobakoba, sejenis tikar lebar’ (ind)

Noun. ‘bottom, underside’ (eng); ‘bawa’ (ind)

Noun. ‘firefly’ (eng); ‘kunang-kunang’ (ind)

Noun. ‘under, below, at the bottom’ (eng); ‘di bawah’ (ind)

Noun. ‘bottom, underside’ (eng); ‘bawa’ (ind)

Noun. ‘ballsack’ (eng); ‘kolot’ (ind)

Noun. ‘testicles’ (eng); ‘biji kolot’ (ind)

Noun. ‘Elkorom, place on biggest Karas island’ (eng); ‘Elkorom’ (ind)

Interjection. ‘[interjection expressing surprise or contempt]’ (eng); ‘[kata seru, mama!]’ (ind)

Noun. ‘mother, aunt, mother's sister, adult woman’ (eng); ‘mama, ibu, mama (ibu punya saudara perempuan), perempuan dewasa, mace’ (ind)

Noun. ‘aunt, mother's younger sister’ (eng); ‘mama adik’ (ind)

Noun. ‘aunt, mother's elder sister’ (eng); ‘mama tua’ (ind)

Noun. ‘bird that looks like the helmeted friarbird, lit. puke bird’ (eng); ‘burung muntah’ (ind)

Noun. ‘vomit’ (eng); ‘muntah’ (ind)

Verb. ‘vomit’ (eng); ‘muntah’ (ind)

Noun. ‘older or respected woman, grandmother’ (eng); ‘nenek, tata perempuan’ (ind)

Intransitive verb. ‘half-dry (typically of sun-dried things, such as clothes, mace, fish)’ (eng); ‘setenga kering’ (ind)

Noun. ‘sap’ (eng); ‘air’ (ind)

Noun. ‘female infant’ (eng); ‘anak kecil perempuan’ (ind)

Classifier. ‘[classifier for a group of animals or people]’ (eng); ‘[penggolong untuk kawan, kelompok], kawan, kelompok (pakai sama nomor)’ (ind)

Noun. ‘backside, back’ (eng); ‘belakang’ (ind)

Noun. ‘backside, last in a row’ (eng); ‘di belakang’ (ind)

Noun. ‘behind, (in the) back’ (eng); ‘di belakang’ (ind)

Quantifier. ‘one (group of living beings)’ (eng); ‘satu kawan’ (ind)

Verb. ‘move up diagonally, e.g. stairs or a hill’ (eng); ‘naik (di gunung atau tangga-tangga)’ (ind)

Verb. ‘not be possible, cannot’ (eng); ‘tidak bisa’ (ind)

Noun. ‘body’ (eng); ‘badan’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of small tree snake’ (eng); ‘sejenis ular kecil yang tinggal di dalam pohon’ (ind)

Verb. ‘cry’ (eng); ‘menanggis’ (ind)

Noun. ‘ice (frozen water)’ (eng); ‘es’ (ind)

Noun. ‘father, adult man, father's brother’ (eng); ‘ayah, lakilaki dewasa, bapak (bapak punya saudara lakilaki), pace’ (ind)

Noun. ‘uncle, father's younger brother’ (eng); ‘bapak adik, bapak kecil’ (ind)

Noun. ‘Esa Tanggiun, place on biggest Karas island’ (eng); ‘Esa Tanggiun, nama tempat di Karas’ (ind)

Noun. ‘uncle, father's elder brother’ (eng); ‘bapak tua’ (ind)

Interjection. ‘yes’ (eng); ‘iyo’ (ind)

Noun. ‘shovel’ (eng); ‘skop, sekop’ (ind)

Noun. ‘grandfather, older or respected man’ (eng); ‘tete, tata lakilaki, lakilaki tua atau dihormati’ (ind)

Noun. ‘male infant’ (eng); ‘anak kecil lakilaki’ (ind)

Classifier. ‘[classifier for animals, including birds and fish]’ (eng); ‘[penggolok untuk semua binatang], ekor (pakai dengan nomor)’ (ind)

Grammatical marker. ‘person, [agentive nominaliser, not productive]’ (eng); ‘orang’ (ind)

Grammatical marker. ‘[irrealis], also used as [conditional]’ (eng); ‘[irrealis], juga [kondisionalis]’ (ind)

Noun. ‘canoe with or without outboard motor, small fibre boat with outboard motor’ (eng); ‘perahu’ (ind)

Quantifier. ‘few (animates)’ (eng); ‘sedikit ekor’ (ind)

Quantifier. ‘one (animate)’ (eng); ‘satu ekor’ (ind)

Noun. ‘nest, hive’ (eng); ‘sarang’ (ind)

Verb. ‘speak’ (eng); ‘bicara’ (ind)

Noun. ‘drool’ (eng); ‘gember, air liur’ (ind)

Noun. ‘Ewarong, place on biggest Karas island’ (eng); ‘Ewarong, nama tempat di Karas’ (ind)

Verb. ‘speak’ (eng); ‘bicara’ (ind)

Noun. ‘(base of a) tree trunk or plant, base of a woven product’ (eng); ‘batang pohon, di bawa pohon, pohon anyaman (seperti karanjang)’ (ind)

Verb. ‘destroy’ (eng); ‘kasih rusak’ (ind)

Verb. ‘much’ (eng); ‘banyak’ (ind)

Noun. ‘family name’ (eng); ‘nama marga, fam’ (ind)

Noun. ‘tarpaulin’ (eng); ‘tarapal’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of fish trap’ (eng); ‘seru (pakai kayu dengan jala)’ (ind)

Noun. ‘fibre boat’ (eng); ‘fiber’ (ind)

Noun. ‘palm cockatoo’ (eng); ‘kakatua raja’ (ind)

Verb. ‘whistle’ (eng); ‘peluit, filuit’ (ind)

Verb. ‘film, take a photograph’ (eng); ‘ambil gambar, foto’ (ind)

Noun. ‘frame of a canoe, parts on the inside strengthening the canoe’ (eng); ‘gading’ (ind)

Verb. ‘sew leaves, weave’ (eng); ‘jahit atap, tenun’ (ind)

Noun. ‘mangosteen’ (eng); ‘buah manggi-manggi pendek yang bisa dimakan’ (ind)

Noun. ‘spear’ (eng); ‘tombak’ (ind)

Noun. ‘bud’ (eng); ‘tukar daun’ (ind)

Noun. ‘picture’ (eng); ‘gambar’ (ind)

Noun. ‘happy, satisfied’ (eng); ‘senang saja’ (ind)

Grammatical marker. ‘all’ (eng); ‘semua’ (ind)

Verb. ‘hang’ (eng); ‘gantung’ (ind)

Verb. ‘hang’ (eng); ‘gantung’ (ind)

Verb. ‘lift (and move)’ (eng); ‘angkat (pindah)’ (ind)

Noun. ‘office’ (eng); ‘kantor’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of coconut tree’ (eng); ‘kelapa raja’ (ind)

Verb. ‘crawl (including the movement of babies, rats and turtles), slither (including the movement of snakes and lizards)’ (eng); ‘merayap, merangkap’ (ind)

Verb. ‘pour, dump, throw away, spill’ (eng); ‘saling, tumpah, buang’ (ind)

Intransitive verb. ‘low (of tide)’ (eng); ‘kering (meti)’ (ind)

Noun. ‘tent or cover on a canoe’ (eng); ‘tenda perahu’ (ind)

Verb. ‘talk together’ (eng); ‘cerita’ (ind)

1. Noun. ‘kind of fish trap in the shape of lungs, also used for simpler fish containers’ (eng); ‘bubu, karantina ikan’ (ind)

2. Noun. ‘lungs’ (eng); ‘paru-paru’ (ind)

Verb. ‘smell, fragrant, rotten’ (eng); ‘cium, bau’ (ind)

Noun. ‘smell, odour, fragrance’ (eng); ‘bau, harum, wangi’ (ind)

Noun. ‘chiton’ (eng); ‘kuku delapan’ (ind)

Noun. ‘Tahitian chestnut’ (eng); ‘gayang’ (ind); ‘Inocarpus fagifer’ (lat)

Adverbial modifier. ‘not, no’ (eng); ‘tidak’ (ind)

Phrase. ‘(I'm doing) nothing’ (eng); ‘tarada, tidak bikin apa saja’ (ind)

Noun. ‘village building’ (eng); ‘gedung kampung’ (ind)

Verb. ‘heave-ho (to indicate when force should be used when performing group activities)’ (eng); ‘hura-hura’ (ind)

Verb. ‘clear’ (eng); ‘gelas’ (ind)

Noun. ‘glass’ (eng); ‘gelas’ (ind)

Verb. ‘yawn’ (eng); ‘menguap’ (ind)

Noun. ‘bubble’ (eng); ‘gelembung’ (ind)

Noun. ‘tusk’ (eng); ‘gading, taring’ (ind)

Interjection. ‘maybe’ (eng); ‘mungkin’ (ind)

Verb. ‘make noise’ (eng); ‘ribut’ (ind)

Verb. ‘scream’ (eng); ‘teriak’ (ind)

Noun. ‘scrubfowl’ (eng); ‘burung gosong’ (ind)

Verb. ‘ask’ (eng); ‘tanya’ (ind)

Conjunction. ‘[conditional], (if) not’ (eng); ‘[kondisionalis], (kalo) tidak’ (ind)

Conjunction. ‘[conditional], if not’ (eng); ‘[kondisionalis], kalo tidak’ (ind)

Intransitive verb. ‘new’ (eng); ‘baru’ (ind)

Adverbial modifier. ‘first’ (eng); ‘pertama’ (ind)

Noun. ‘teeth’ (eng); ‘gigi’ (ind)

Noun. ‘gums’ (eng); ‘gusi’ (ind)

Noun. ‘earrings’ (eng); ‘anting’ (ind)

Noun. ‘glass, diving mask’ (eng); ‘kaca, kaca mata mengelam’ (ind)

Noun. ‘late afternoon, early evening’ (eng); ‘sore’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of tree, used as a blood medicine’ (eng); ‘pohon waru’ (ind)

Verb. ‘run away with a woman, when her parents don't consent to the marriage’ (eng); ‘bawa lari perempuan’ (ind)

Noun. ‘bee-eater’ (eng); ‘kirik-kirik’ (ind)

1. Noun. ‘(weather or environmental) condition’ (eng); ‘keadanan’ (ind)

2. Noun. ‘place’ (eng); ‘tempat’ (ind)

Phrase. ‘early morning’ (eng); ‘pagi’ (ind)

Phrase. ‘late afternoon, early evening’ (eng); ‘sore’ (ind)

Phrase. ‘it's cloudy’ (eng); ‘mendung’ (ind)

Phrase. ‘dusk’ (eng); ‘senja’ (ind)

Phrase. ‘empty place’ (eng); ‘tempat kosong’ (ind)

Phrase. ‘(at) night’ (eng); ‘(di) malam’ (ind)

Phrase. ‘clear weather, cleared spot’ (eng); ‘terang’ (ind)

Phrase. ‘day’ (eng); ‘siang’ (ind)

Transitive verb. ‘bark at’ (eng); ‘menggonggong’ (ind)

Verb. ‘live, stay’ (eng); ‘tinggal’ (ind)

Noun. ‘thunder’ (eng); ‘guntur’ (ind)

Noun. ‘lightning’ (eng); ‘kilat’ (ind)

Noun. ‘medicinal plant used after giving birth and for the kidneys’ (eng); ‘daun silemut, daun mengkudu’ (ind)

Intransitive verb. ‘sweep’ (eng); ‘menyapu’ (ind)

Noun. ‘ball’ (eng); ‘bola’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of fish’ (eng); ‘sejenis ikan tefar’ (ind)

Transitive verb. ‘twist, wring’ (eng); ‘putar pata’ (ind)

Verb. ‘know’ (eng); ‘tahu’ (ind)

Verb. ‘call someone (by their name), call out’ (eng); ‘panggil, teriak’ (ind)

Noun. ‘sack’ (eng); ‘karung’ (ind)

Noun. ‘wall’ (eng); ‘dinding’ (ind)

Noun. ‘stalk’ (eng); ‘tangkai’ (ind)

Verb. ‘in the light’ (eng); ‘di terang’ (ind)

Noun. ‘crow-like birds, e.g. crow, coucal and raven’ (eng); ‘burung gaga’ (ind)

Noun. ‘periwinkle shell’ (eng); ‘ciput hitam’ (ind)

Noun. ‘Goras Panuan, place in Karas district’ (eng); ‘Goras Panuan, nama tempat di Karas’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of fish’ (eng); ‘tefar laut’ (ind)

Noun. ‘stalk’ (eng); ‘tangkai’ (ind)

Noun. ‘medicinal plant used for people who have fallen’ (eng); ‘gufasal pantai’ (ind)

Noun. ‘Gos Ketkein, point on southern tip of biggest Karas island (mentioned in narr20)’ (eng); ‘Gos Ketkein, di bagian seletan di pulau Karas besar’ (ind)

Verb. ‘disappeared’ (eng); ‘hilang’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of bamboo used for weaving’ (eng); ‘bambu untuk bikin keranjang’ (ind)

Noun. ‘Tana Besar’ (eng); ‘Tana Besar’ (ind)

Noun. ‘wasp nest, beehive’ (eng); ‘sarang tawon/tewan, sarang lebah’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of small fish’ (eng); ‘sejenis ikan garis-garis’ (ind)

Verb. ‘crawl’ (eng); ‘merayap’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of fish’ (eng); ‘ikan kulit minyak tanah garis-garis’ (ind)

Verb. ‘look around, search for’ (eng); ‘melihat sekeliling, cari-cari’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of sea cucumber’ (eng); ‘tripang kapuk’ (ind)

Noun. ‘white person, light-skinned person’ (eng); ‘buleh, orang kulit putih’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of eel’ (eng); ‘sejenis ikan belut’ (ind)

Noun. ‘galangal root’ (eng); ‘langkuas, cendawan’ (ind)

Noun. ‘roof rafter’ (eng); ‘gunting’ (ind)

Noun. ‘teacher’ (eng); ‘guru’ (ind)

Noun. ‘vase’ (eng); ‘buci, tempayang’ (ind)

Interjection. ‘[interjection of hesitation]’ (eng); ‘[kata seru keraguan]’ (ind)

Interjection. ‘[interjection used when asking for clarification], what’ (eng); ‘[kata seru, "ha"], apa’ (ind)

Conjunction. ‘because, after all’ (eng); ‘habis’ (ind)

Verb. ‘finished’ (eng); ‘habis’ (ind)

Adverbial modifier. ‘true’ (eng); ‘betul’ (ind)

Noun. ‘name of the 12th Islamic month, Dhu al-Hijjah’ (eng); ‘bulan haji, zul hijja’ (ind)

Noun. ‘marriage’ (eng); ‘perkawinan’ (ind)

Verb. ‘marry, get married’ (eng); ‘nika’ (ind)

Verb. ‘soft, fine’ (eng); ‘halus’ (ind)

Noun. ‘towel’ (eng); ‘handuk’ (ind)

Adverbial modifier. ‘only’ (eng); ‘hanya’ (ind)

Noun. ‘day’ (eng); ‘hari’ (ind)

Noun. ‘Sunday’ (eng); ‘hari minggu’ (ind)

Adverbial modifier. ‘must’ (eng); ‘harus’ (ind)

Interjection. ‘[interjection of enjoyment]’ (eng); ‘[kata seru senang]’ (ind)

Noun. ‘life, way of living’ (eng); ‘hidup, kehidupan’ (ind)

Verb. ‘live, alive’ (eng); ‘hidup’ (ind)

Noun. ‘dish made with dried and fried root vegetables’ (eng); ‘holang, makanan ubi kayu goreng’ (ind)

Noun. ‘rectangle-shaped fish net with floaters at the top and sinkers at the bottom’ (eng); ‘jaring’ (ind)

Noun. ‘drivers on a fish net’ (eng); ‘pelompong jaring, pelampung jaring’ (ind)

Grammatical marker. ‘[quantifier object, marking quantifiers modifying a noun in object position]’ (eng); ‘[objek quantifier]’ (ind)

Grammatical marker. ‘[predicate linker, linking verbal elements in the predicate]’ (eng); ‘[predicate linker]’ (ind)

Grammatical marker. ‘[demonstrative prefix]’ (eng); ‘[prefiks demonstratif]’ (ind)

Noun. ‘cave’ (eng); ‘gua’ (ind)

Verb. ‘hold’ (eng); ‘angkat’ (ind)

Verb. ‘transport, move a lot of things, e.g. cans of oil, sacks of sand or rice (but not limited to non-count)’ (eng); ‘orang angkat banyak barang bawa’ (ind)

Noun. ‘worm, white, about a finger's length’ (eng); ‘cacing putih’ (ind)

Noun. ‘gallbladder’ (eng); ‘kandung empedu’ (ind)

Grammatical marker. ‘[dual]’ (eng); ‘[dual]’ (ind)

Interjection. ‘[confirmation-seeking tag]’ (eng); ‘[kata seru, "ih"]’ (ind)

Quantifier. ‘some’ (eng); ‘bebepara, separuh, sebagian’ (ind)

Noun. ‘banana’ (eng); ‘pisang’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of banana’ (eng); ‘pisang papan/gabagaba, sejenis pisang’ (ind)

Noun. ‘banana sap’ (eng); ‘tewer-tewer pisang’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of banana’ (eng); ‘pisang meja, sejenis pisang’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of banana’ (eng); ‘pisang seleng, sejenis pisang’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of banana’ (eng); ‘pisang sepatu, sejenis pisang’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of banana’ (eng); ‘pisang raja, sejenis pisang’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of banana’ (eng); ‘pisang empat puluh hari’ (ind)

Noun. ‘giant trevally’ (eng); ‘sejenis ikan bubara’ (ind); ‘Caranx ignobilis’ (lat)

Intransitive verb. ‘many’ (eng); ‘banyak’ (ind)

Demonstrative. ‘[distal demonstrative, long form], that’ (eng); ‘DIST’ (ind)

Demonstrative. ‘[distal demonstrative, long form], that’ (eng); ‘itu’ (ind)

Noun. ‘banana leaf’ (eng); ‘daun pisang’ (ind)

Grammatical marker. ‘[prohibitive]’ (eng); ‘[prohibitif], jangan’ (ind)

Pronoun. ‘[first person plural exclusive], we (but not you)’ (eng); ‘kita, kami (bah. Indonesia)’ (ind)

Noun. ‘name’ (eng); ‘nama’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of illness that makes small children's bodies contract like prawns’ (eng); ‘istep’ (ind)

Pronoun. ‘we all’ (eng); ‘kami semua’ (ind)

Pronoun. ‘we alone’ (eng); ‘kami sendiri’ (ind)

Noun. ‘memory’ (eng); ‘memory’ (ind)

Pronoun. ‘[first person plural exclusive possessive], our’ (eng); ‘kami punya’ (ind)

Noun. ‘English (language)’ (eng); ‘Bahasa Inggris’ (ind)

Pronoun. ‘we alone’ (eng); ‘kami sendiri’ (ind)

Pronoun. ‘[first person dual exclusive], we two’ (eng); ‘kami dua’ (ind)

Interjection. ‘[interjection expressing contempt or dissatisfaction]’ (eng); ‘[kata seru, "inye"]’ (ind)

Noun. ‘finely woven mat with strips of about 1cm’ (eng); ‘tikar halus’ (ind)

Noun. ‘trevally species, possibly golden trevally’ (eng); ‘sejenis ikan bubara’ (ind); ‘Gnathanodon speciosus’ (lat)

Intransitive verb. ‘ripe, light-skinned (person)’ (eng); ‘masak, (orang) putih’ (ind)

Quantifier. ‘eight’ (eng); ‘delapan’ (ind)

Intransitive verb. ‘white’ (eng); ‘putih’ (ind)

Noun. ‘kind of lizard, green’ (eng); ‘soasoa’ (ind)

Noun. ‘time of the Isha prayer, the Islamic nighttime daily prayer, around 8 PM’ (eng); ‘isha’ (ind)

Noun. ‘eastern koel’ (eng); ‘burung belarotang’ (ind)

Noun. ‘Kuhl's stingray’ (eng); ‘sejenis ikan pari’ (ind)

Verb. ‘plane’ (eng); ‘iskap’ (ind)

Verb. ‘rest’ (eng); ‘istirahat’ (ind)

Verb. ‘stop’ (eng); ‘berhenti’ (ind)

Noun. ‘street’ (eng); ‘jalan, istrat’ (ind)

Noun. ‘stripe’ (eng); ‘garis, istrep’ (ind)

Noun. ‘terrace’ (eng); ‘teras’ (ind)

Noun. ‘seedling’ (eng); ‘bibit’ (ind)

Noun. ‘tree fern’ (eng); ‘benalu’ (ind)

Verb. ‘move round something’ (eng); ‘muncul, balik dari belakang’ (ind)

Noun. ‘monitor lizard’ (eng); ‘biawak’ (ind)

Intransitive verb. ‘lazy’ (eng); ‘pamalas’ (ind)

Verb. ‘become’ (eng); ‘menjadi’ (ind)

Conjunction. ‘so’ (eng); ‘jadi’ (ind)

Verb. ‘keep watch’ (eng); ‘jaga’ (ind)

Noun. ‘hour, o'clock’ (eng); ‘jam’ (ind)

Noun. ‘beard’ (eng); ‘jenggot’ (ind)

Verb. ‘promise’ (eng); ‘janji’ (ind)

Verb. ‘fish with a light sinker such as feathers or coconut leaf with a stone, such that the hook "swims" through the water’ (eng); ‘pancing pakai bulu ayam dengan batu, atau daun kelapa dengan batu’ (ind)